Mch lc tch cc: (Active filter)

C 4 loi mch chnh: - Mch lc thng thp. - Mch lc thng cao. - Mch lc thng di. - Mch lc ct di. 1. Mch lc thng thp (Low pass Filter-LPF) - Mch lc thng thp cn bn: Dng mch

Nu ta chn R2=R1 th |Av0|=1

p tuyn tn s dc -20dB/dec v khi tn s tng ln 10 ln th h s khuch i gim i 10 ln tc -20dB. Ngi ta hay dng mch voltage follower lm mch lc nh hnh 1. y l mch khuch i khng o, nhng do khng c in tr ni mass ng vo (-) nn li bng +1.

Ngi ta thng chn Rf=R gim dng offset.

- Mch lc thng thp -40dB/dec: Trong nhiu ng dng, ta cn phi gim nhanh li ca mch khi tn s vt qu tn s ct, c ngha l dc ca bng tn phi ln hn na. l mc ch ca cc mch lc bc cao. Dng mch

Nu chn C2=2C1, ta c:

mch ny khuch i s gim i 40dB khi tn s tng ln 10 ln ( li gim i 100 ln khi tn s tng ln 10 ln).

- Mch lc thng thp -60dB/dec: t c dc hn na-gn vi l tng-ngi ta dng mch lc -20dB/dec mc ni tip vi mch lc -40dB/dec c dc -60dB/dec ( li gim i 60dB khi tn s tng ln 10 ln-gc pha ti tn s ct l -1350). Dng mch cn bn nh hnh sau

2. Mch lc thng cao (High-Pass Filter HPF) y l mt mch m li ca mch rt nh tn s thp hn tn s ct nhng tn s cao hn th tn hiu qua ht. Nh vy tc dng ca mch lc thng cao ngc vi mch lc thng thp. - Mch lc thng cao 20dB/dec: Dng mch nh hnh di y l mch voltage follower nn AV=1. Do in th ng ra v0 bng vi in th 2 u in tr R nn:

Khi tn s cao, tng tr ca t in khng ng k nn AV0=v0/vi=1. Khi tn s gim dn, n lc no li bt u gim. Tn s m ti li gim cn 0.707 A V0 gi l tn s ct. Lc ta c:

Ta cng c th dng mch nh hnh 2

- Mch lc thng cao 40dB/dec: Dng mch

Do l mch voltage follower nn in th 2 u R1 chnh l v0. Ta c:

- Mch lc thng cao 60dB/dec: Ngi ta dng 2 mch 40dB/dec v 20dB/dec ni tip nhau t c dc 60dB/dec.

Chn C1=C2=C3=C;

Mch lc thng di: (band pass filter)

y l mt mch m ng ra ch c mt di tn gii hn no trong ton b di tn ca tn hiu a vo ng vo.

Vi mch ny in th ng ra v0max t n tr s ti a mt tn s no gi l tn s cng hng r. Khi tn s khc vi tn s cng hng, khuch i gim dn. Tn s thp hn r lm li gim i cn 0.707v0max gi l tn s ngt thp L v tn s cao hn r lm li gim cn 0.707v0max gi l tn s ngt cao h. Bng thng c nh ngha: B=H - L Khi B<0.1r mch c gi l lc di thng bng tn hp hay mch lc cng hng. Khi B>0.1r c gi l mch lc di thng bng tn rng.

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Mch lc di thng bng tn hp Dng mch

Ti tn s cng hng r:

T phng trnh (1) ta tm c:

Mch lc di thng bng tn rng

Thng thng c mt mch di thng bng tn rng, ngi ta dng hai mch lc h thng v thng thng mc ni tip nhau nhng phi tha mn iu kin tn s ct 2 ca mch lc h thng phi ln hn tn s ct 1 ca mch lc thng thng.

Phi chn R1, R2, C1, C2 sao cho 1 < 2.

Mch lc loi tr: (di trit-Notch Filter)

y l mch dng lc b mt di tn s no trong ton b di tn. Mch thng c dng lc b cc nhiu do mt b phn no trong mch to ra th d nh tn s 50Hz, 60Hz hay 400Hz ca mt. C rt nhiu dng mch lc di trit, thng dng nht l mc 2 mch h thng v thng thng song song vi nhau hoc c th dng mch nh hnh sau