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Chng 17:

KHCH I BIN THIN CHM

a- Khi nim chung. Mch khuch i ghp trc tip B khuch i tn hiu bin thin chm (tn hiu mt chiu) lm vic vi nhng tn hiu c tn s gn bng khng v c c tuyn bin tn s nh hnh 2.93. Vic ghp gia ngun tn hiu vi u vo b khuch i v gia cc tng khng th dng t hay bin p v khi c tuyn bin tn s s c dng nh hnh 2.76a, tc l f = 0 khi K = 0. Ku f Hnh 2.93: c tuyn bin tn s ca b khuch i mt chiu truyn t tn hiu bin i chm cn phi ghp trc tip theo dng mt chiu gia ngun tn hiu vi mch vo b khuch i v gia cc tng vi nhau. V ghp trc tip nn vic chn im lm vic c c im ring so vi cc b khuch i kho st trc y. Chng hn, trong b khuch i ghp in dung th ch mt chiu ca mi tng (ch tnh) c xc nh ch do nhng phn t ca tng quyt nh v cc tham s ca n c tnh ring bit i vi tng tng. T in ghp tng s cch ly thnh phn mt chiu theo bt k mt nguyn nhn no ca tng ny s khng nh hng n ch mt chiu ca tng kia. Trong b khuch i ghp trc tip, khng c chn t cch ly thnh phn mt chiu. V vy, in p ra khng nhng ch c xc nh bng tn hiu ra c ch m cn c tn hiu gi do s thay i ch mt chiu ca cc tng theo thi gian, theo nhit hay 1 nguyn nhn l no khc. Tt nhin, cn c bit quan tm n nhng tng u v s thay i ch mt chiu y s c cc tng sau khuch i tip tc. S thay i mt cch ngu nhin ca in p ra trong b khuch i mt chiu khi tn hiu vo khng i Uvo = 0 gi l s tri im khng ca b khuch i. Nguyn nhn tri l do tnh khng n nh ca in p ngun cung cp, ca tham s tranzito v in tr theo nhit v thi gian. Gia s ca in p tri u ra Utr.r c xc nh khi ngn mch u vo b khuch i (en = 0). 1

Cht lng b khuch i mt chiu c nh gi theo in p tri quy v u vo ca n: Utr.v = Utr.r/K, y K l h s khuch i ca b khuch i. tri quy v u vo c trng cho tr s tn hiu l u vo b khuch i c h s khuch i l K. Khi xc nh di bin i ca in p vo en phi ch n Utr.r sao

cho Utr.r l mt phn khng ng k so vi tn hiu ra c ch. Ty thuc vo yu cu ca b khuch i m tr s nh nht cng phi ln hn Utr.v hng chc hoc hng trm ln.

Hnh 2.94: Khuch i tn hiu bin thin chm Vic ghp trc tip cc tng trong b khuch i tn hiu bin thin chm quyt nh nhng c im tnh ton ch tnh ca n (in p v dng in khi en = 0). Tnh ton tham s ch tnh ca tng phi ch n cc phn t thuc v mch ra ca tng trc v mch vo ca tng sau. Di y ta s kho st mch khuch i mt chiu hnh 2.94 gm 3 tng ghp trc tip. Trong s ny colect ca Tranzito trc c ni trc tip vi baz ca tranzito sau. Khi in tr RE nh dng IEO to nn in p cn thit UBEO cho ch tnh ca mi tng. iu t c bng cch tng in th m trn emit ca mi tranzito. Chng hn, i vi tng th hai UBEO2 = Uc01 - UEO2 = Uco1 IEO2 RE2 (2-213)
3

mch vo b khuch i (h.2.94a) ngi ta lc mt ngun in p b u vo ebv ni tip vi ngun tn hiu vo sao cho khi en = 0, dng qua ngun bng khng. Mun th phi chn in p b ebv bng UBO1.

C th to ra in p b UBV nh RB1 v RB2 theo s (h: 2.94b) y EC .RB2 U =Bo1 U =R + BV RB2 B1 Tng t trn mch ra, ti Rt (h: 2.94a) mc vo ng cho mt mch cu gm cc phn t mch ra tng cui v cc in tr R3 R4. Khi s m bo iu kin Ut = 0 khi en = 0 in tr R3 R4 ng vai tr mt b phn p to nn in p b bng Uco3 cho mch ra ca tng khi en = 0. E .R U = C 4 = UCO3 br R + 3 R4 (2-214)

Di y s kho st cc ch tiu c trng cho b khuch i v dng xoay chiu (i vi gia s in p tn hiu vo). Nu chn R1 v R2 ln, th in tr vo ca tng c th tnh c t: Rv = rb + (1 + ) (rE + RE) 1RE (2-215) xc nh h s khuch i ca mi tng ta gi thit Rc // Rv = Rc ; Rv1 > Rn khi cc h s khuch i tng ng ca mi tng s l: R // R V R K = C1 1 E1 2 = C1 1 1 R 1 V1 .R R // K 2 = C2 = R RV 3 2 C2 R 2 V2 R2 R =C 1 RE1 R =C 2 R E2 E2 (2-218) (2-216)

(2-217)

R //(R t + R 3 // R 4 ) R C3 = K = C3 //(Rt + R3 // R 4 ) 3 RE3 3 R3 V

R rng h s khuch i ca tng tng t l nghch vi in tr emit ca n. in tr RE1 tnh theo ch n nh nhit ca tng u c tr s t vi trm n vi k. in tr RE ca nhng tng sau va n nh nhit , va m bo tr s UBEO yu cu tng ng trong ch tnh. Khi ghp trc tip (h.2.94a) th in p trn emit cng nh trn colect ca mi tng sau phi tng dn ln (v tr s tuyt i trong trng hp dng tranzito pnp). iu dn ti phi tng RE mi tng sau c c UEO yu cu v do theo cc h thc (2-216) + (2-218) lm gim h s khuch i ca chng (K3 < K2 < K1) v h s khuch i chung. Thiu st ca s hnh 2.94a c th khc phc bng cch dng cc s (94c,d). Trong s (h.94c) in tr RE c th chn nh i v in tr Rp, to thm mt dng in ph chy qua RE. Theo cng thc (2-213) ta c (h.2.94a).

U c - UB 01 RE2 = I E02 E02 i vi s (h.2.94c) U c - UB 01 RE2 = IE E02 02 + IP

(2-219)

(2-220)

Cng c th thc hin theo s (h.2.94d) bng cch mc vo mch emit mt it n p mc Uz khi : U c - UBE02 RE2 = (2-221) 01 - UD IE02

Cc mch khuch i mt chiu ghp trc tip c c im l n gin, nhng h s khuch i khng cao (khong vi chc ln) ch dng khi tn hiu vo tng i ln 0,05 + 0,1V v tri i hi khng ch t ch. Mun c h s khuch i ln hn (hng trm v hng nghn ln) th cch ghp tng nh trn khng th c v s xut hin tri khng cho php v vic b nhit cng kh khn. Cc mch khuch i vi sai xt di y s khc phc c cc nhc im va nu.

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