Chng 22:

B TCH PHN

S b tch phn c m t trn hnh 2.112. Vi phng php tnh nh trn, t iu kin cn bng dng nt A, iR = iC ta c C dUr = Uv dt R

Hnh 2.112: B tch phn 1 t Ur = U dt CR0 v + Uro (2-245)

 y: Uro l in p trn t C khi t = 0 (l hng s tch phn xc nh t iu kin ban u). Thng khi t = 0, Uv = 0 v Ur = 0. Nn ta c 1 t (2-246) Ur = Uv dt 0 y: = gi l hng s tch phn RC ca mch. Khi tn hiu vo tng nc, tc thay i ca in p ra s bng: Ur = Uv RC t ngha l u ra b tch phn s c in p tng (hay gim) tuyn tnh theo thi gian. i vi tn hiu hnh sin, b tch phn s l b lc tng thp, quay pha tn hiu hnh sin i 90o v h s khuch i ca n t l nghch vi tn s . 2.4.7. B vi phn

Hnh 2.113: B vi phn B vi phn cho trn hnh 2.113. Bng cc tnh ton tng t cc phn trn c in p ra ca n t l vi tc thay i ca in p vo: dU Ur = RC v (2-247) dt y = gi l hng s vi phn ca mch. RC Khi tn hiu vo l hnh sin, b vi phn lm vic nh mt b

lc tn cao, h s khuch i ca n t l thun vi tn s tn hiu vo v lm quay pha Uvo 1 gc 90o. Thng b vi phn lm vic km n nh tn cao v khi

1 lm h s hi tip m gim nn khi s dng cn lu zc 0 c im ny v = c b sung 1 in tr lm nht R1. 2.4.8. Cc b bin i hm s Trong thc t thng cn to ra mt in p U2 l hm s no ca in p U1, tc l U2 = F(U1). y F l mt quan h hm nh hm logarit, hm m, hm lng gic, sin, cos, ca U1. Di y hy xt mt v d vi F c dng hm logarit, tc l cn nhn c mt s ph thuc c dng U2 = 1ln(2U1 )

Hnh 2.114 Mch Logarit dng it Hnh 2.114 Mch Logarit dng tranzito ni kiu it mun vy, c th dng biu thc dng ca it c phn 2.1: ID = Is (eUak /mUT 1) (Trong : Is : dng ngc tnh UT : in th nhit KT/eo M : h s iu chnh (1 < m < 2) Uak: in p trn it). Trong min lm vic (tho mn iu kin ID >> Is) c th coi:

ID n= Is. eUak /mUT T ta c Uak = mUTln(ID/Is) (2-248)

chnh l hm logarit cn tm. thc hin quan h ny, c th s dng mch nh hnh 2.114. Nu coi vi mch khuch i thut ton l l tng ta c th tnh c nh sau : U 1 ID = R Ur = Uak. Rt ra : Ur = mUTln(U1/IsR) = mUTln10lg(U1/IsR) nhit phng s c : Ur = (1 2)60lg(U1/IsR) [mV ] Di in p lm vic c th ca mch b hn ch bi hai tnh cht c bit ca it. Do c in tr k sinh nn vi dng ln, trn n c st p v dn n mo c tnh logarit. Ngoi ra h s m cn ph thuc vo dng in. V vy, chnh xc cn thit ch c th nhn c mch ny khi thay i in p vo trong phm vi 2 ecac. C th loi tr nh hng ca h s m v m rng di ra phm vi 6 8 ecac bng cch thay iot D bng mt tranzito T (h.2.115). i vi dng cc colet tranzito (UCB = 0) nghim ng vi h thc : Ic = IE = IES (eUBE /mU T 1) y s ph thuc ca cc hm s v m vo dng c b nhau, v vy c th vit : Ic = IES(eUBE /U T 1) Lc ny ph thuc ch yu vo dng v tr s ca n gn bng 1. Khi UBE>0 c th vit Ic IES eUB (2-250) E /U T

hay

Ur = UBE = UTln(U1/IES.R)

Cht lng s logarit s c nng cao, c bit vi n nhit khi dng hai s 2.115 mc kiu s khuch i vi sai, l cu trc c bn cc IC ly logarit.