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To tn hiu hnh sin bng phng php bin i t mt dng tn hiu hon ton khc

Hnh 2.119 m t s khi ca phng php ny. y l dng my pht vn nng hn, c nhiu u im v hin nay c s dng kh rng ri. S cu trc ca mt my pht loi ny (my pht hm) c trnh by trn hnh 2.130a. H kn gm mt mch tch phn I, (mt mch khuch i thut ton v hai phn t R1C1), phn t rle R (mch khuch i thut ton gm 1 khu hi tip dng R1R2) to thnh mt h t dao ng v cho ra hai dng tn hiu: tn hiu tam gic (U1) v tn hiu xung ch nht (U2) (xem thm phn 3.6). Hm truyn t ca phn t rle U2 = f1(U1) c m t trn hnh 2.130b. Cn hm truyn t ca b bin i xung tam gic hnh sin U3 = f2(U1) c dng nh hnh 2.130c. Nguyn tc lm vic ca c h thng ny c th gii thch s b nh sau: Nu tn hiu vo c dng tuyn tnh i xung (h.130d) cho n khi t ti mc U1 s lm lt mch rle thnh + U2 cn ch |U2| > |U1|. T thi im ny ti u ra ca mch tch phn tn hiu c dng tuyn tnh i ln cho n khi t ti gi tr U1 lm cho rle chuyn v trng thi ban u (-U2). Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy v u ra ca rle c dng xung ch nht ln U2 v u ra ca mch tch phn c dng xung tam gic bin U1 (h.2.130d). Cc tn hiu ny cng tn s v cc khong cch xung ( dy, rng). Nu c tuyn tr ca rle i xng qua trc X v trc Y c ngha l ngng lt mch nh nhau U1 v mc tn hiu ra U2 cng l nh nhau th tn s dao ng c tnh bng cng thc (2-262). Xut pht t phng trnh: C U 1 I =1 C C 1 I t suy ra t=C1UC1/I hay f = 1/ 2t do :

f= .U 2 4R1C 1U1 Trong c =R/Rf, R l phn di ca in tr Rf (h.2.130a); R1C1: hng s thi gian ca mch tch phn. Tn s ca mch c th iu chnh nh thay i Rf, y t l rng xung.

Hnh 2.130: S my pht hm Tn hiu hnh sin nhn c nh mt b bin i c bit c c tuyn truyn t phi tuyn nh hnh 2.130c. nhn c hnh sin l tng, khi u vo c dng xung tam gic, c tnh truyn t ca phn t ny phi c dng chu k hnh sin tc l U3 = asinU1. Trong a l hng s. Yu cu i vi phn t rle trong my pht hm c di tn s rng (t di 1Hz n 10MHz) l c tc truyn mch rt phi rt nhanh. thc hin n, c th dng mch so snh (comparator). Nhnng cc mch so snh hin nay thng c thi gian chuyn mch tng i ln (0,03 4)s nn ch s dng chng tn s khng qu 100kHz. V vy trong trong my pht hm phn t rle thng
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c xy dng trn c s mch ri rc dng cc tranzito cao tn (tranzito xung). (Thi gian chuyn mch khng qu 2030ns). nhn bit c tn hiu hnh sin t xung tam gic, b bin i xung tam gic hnh sin cn c hm truyn t U3 = asinU1. thc hin hm ny, c hai phng php chnh l phng php xp x tng on tuyn tnh v phng php xp x tng on khng tuyn tnh. Phng php xp x bng nhng on tuyn tnh l chia khong hnh sin thnh 4n phn nh v thay th mi phn bng mt on thng c nghing khc nhau (h.2.231).

1......... n Hnh 2.131: Xp x dng hnh sin S n cng ln th chnh xc cng cao v h s mo ca hnh sin nhn c cng nh. Mt trong nhng s thc hin phng php ny c m t trn hnh 2.321. y n = 6. Cc it D1 D10 trng thi ban u l kho bng cc mc in p cho trc: |U1| <<|U5| < Uvm y Uvm l bin xung tam gic li vo. Khi Uv tng dn th ln lt cc it m v sau kho (nhm it l lm vic na dng v nhm it chn lm vic na m ca in p tam gic) to thnh tng on tn hiu tuyn tnh c dc khc nhau. dc ca tng on ny c xc nh bi in dn tc ng ln tng khong thi gian tng ng. Xt trong chu k u, khi s th t ca tng on cng cao (1,2,, n n) th dc s cng gim. Nu gi in dn ban u (khi tt c cc it u kho) l Yo=1/R v dn ca tng mch c it m l Y1=1/R1 v Y2 = 1/R2 th dc ca tng on bt k l: tg n = Y0 (Y1 + Y2 + + Yn) = ' 1 1 + + ... + 1 R 01 Rn R1 R 2 Trong n l gc nghing ca on th n. Phng php xp x ho bng nhng on khng tuyn tnh l chia hnh sin ra lm nhiu on v mi on thay bng cc hm phi tuyn. Th d: ng c tuyn Von ampe ca it c dng a thc bc hai y = ax2 + bx + c (xp x tng on bng hm bc hai) thay c tuyn Vnampe ca in tr bn dn (Varistor) c dng a thc: n
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y = ain xi i0 = Xp x bng on cong hoc dng tranzito trng (FET) m c tuyn Vnampe ca it c dng y = asinx trong khong 0 /2. So vi phng php xp x tng on tuyn tnh, phng php xp x tng on khng tuyn tnh cho chnh xc cao hn. (H s mo hnh sin nh hn nu cng s lng chia on n) nhng thc hin phc tp hn.

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Hnh 2.132: Bin i xung tam gic thnh hnh sin bng phng php xp x tng on tuyn tnh tn s fmax 1Mhz, ngi ta c th s dng FET bin i xung tam gic thnh hnh sin do c tnh ca loi ny nh ni trn. S b bin i ny c m t trn hnh 2.133. tn hiu hnh sin khng b mo cn m bo cc iu kin sau: Uv = 1,33Uc RD = RS = rDSO y : Uv bin in p tam gic. UC in p ct ca tranzito trng T; rDSO in tr knh ca JFET khi in p trn cc ca bng khng. Tuy nhin cc tham s ca tranzito trng ph thuc nhiu vo nhit . V vy m bo cho b bin i ny lm vic tt cn c cc bin php n nh nhit hay b nhit bng cc phn t mc thm.

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Hnh 2.133: B bin i xung tam gic thnh hnh sin dng JFET

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