Bin php thi cng t mng n hon thin nh dn dng, nh xng a ch bi vit

I. Cng tc chun !
a. nhn mt bng cng trnh, ct mc cng trnh (c bn v v du ton dnh km theo cng
trnh), cos cao d cng trnh ( phn ny ti s ni r hon vi l phn quan trong).
b. don dep mt bng ( c, cy, cc vt dung.....), dng ln trai d b vt tu v cng nhn
ngh lai cng trnh, trung hop nh dn dung hai bn l vch nh th son truc tim ct vo hai
vch nh muon d lm chun, trung hop cng trnh rng hon th dng gabarie d lm tim
chun cho buc ct.
c. ly gc chun cho nh chun b xy dung thung ta p dung bnh phuong hai canh huyn
nhn cho canh cn lai ( khng bit dng khng na) thng thung th vy:
- ly mt canh nh lm chun sau d ging dy nho theo phuong truc doc ca nh tai hai
dim ny dng gabarie sn, tip theo ging dy nho theo truc ngang nh bt du ly gc
vung nh theo cch sau: mt truc ta ly chiu di ca thuc do l 1,9m;3,1m v truc kia ta
ly chiu di l: 2,5m;4,1m v ging cho hai dim d lai ta c cc kch thuc sau : 3m;5m
( thng thung ly gc ta phi b bt 10cm ca thuc bi v 10cm du ca thuc khng
chnh xc nhiu)
- tip theo l ly truc ngang, doc ca cng trnh theo hai phuong d ly gc t d ta dng
gabarie vo cc v tr, d sau ny hon thin ta cng cn ti n.
II. "hi cng
a. o dt mng cng trnh:
Trong phn ny ta cn chun b nhng th nhu sau: my do, xe vn chuyn dt, cng
nhn.....
Trong phn ny ti xin nhc dn cos cao d cng trnh, theo ti khi di thi cng th ti c mt
s kinh nghim nhu sau:
- nu cos cng trnh cao hon mt dung tu nhin 0,45m th ta nn chon v tr ngay mp
dung ( goi l b via) l cos -1,450 v dn ng nuc hoc bn thu bnh vo dn chn cng
trnh l cos +1,000 t d ta ly cos chun d thi cng do dt v chiu cao ca cng trnh.
Cm on cc ban d quan tm dn ch d ny, hm nay ti tip tuc d ti thi cng t mng
dn mi.
Trong phn truc ti d gii thiu dn Cos cng trnh nhu th no ri hm nay tip theo l
phn do dt mng, hm tu hoai, b cha chy.....
Phn ny ty theo da th ca moi cng trnh m theo phuong php ca mi ky su cng
trnh tnh ton d lm sao moi tn tht nhu nhn cng, vt tu, ca my phi theo kp. Cn
ch khi thi cng nh lin k cn phi c coc c gia c hai bn mng lin k d dm bo
khng gy ln sut mng nh k bn (phi di hu ta mt lm d nha) phuong php ny ti
thung dng l dng vn thp dnh hnh dng xung nn mng truc khi do dt, sau d
mi thi cng do dt. Trong cng tc do dt ny ta nn kt hop lm mt s vic nhu sn
xut lp dung st d mng, st c ct, st d king.
Trong phn sn xut lp dung thp cc ban nn ch tnh ton cn thn bi v ch sai mt t
l di tong cy st khng lm n g duoc (b ri nn c kinh nghim) phn st dai th tnh
ton cho dng vi tng s dai ct, dm #$ d: Ct c tit din l 200 x 300 khong cch
buc dai l a 200 fi 6 th ta tnh ton nhu sau: 200 x 300 = 1000cm => ct thp dai fi 6 l
150 x 250 = 800cm, bi v mnh phi tr lp b tng sau khi d mi mt bn l 2,5cm, sau
khi ta c chiu di d ct mt cy thp dai fi 6 ta nhn s dai ln ri cho cng nhn ct dai,
ch phi vit ln bng cho cng nhn lm dng, v phn thp cu tao (thp gn) th cn
ch hon di vi c ct tnh ton sao cho khi d b tng d king xong th phi du theo D
ca thp v du thp gn fi 18 x 30D =540 th ta phi cha st l 600cm t mp trn ca d
king sau ny ta cn ni thp ct ln sn na, v phn st dm th cn ch dim ni st
tai nhp th 1/4l nhp, tai gi th 2/3l nhp.
Truc khi sang phn b tng ti xin ni thm phn lp dung ct thp dm (d), st ct, v
st sn, th dn phn coffa (vn khun), trong phn vn khun ta nn ch chon vn khun
dng chng loai th trung hin nay c rt nhiu loai vn khun cho ban lua chon ( vn p
xi hai nuc dut, vn khun nhua xi vinh vin tin nhiu, vn khun thp xi tt nhung hay
b cong vnh do va dp) ty theo mi cng trnh m ky su trung cng trnh lua chon,
cng trung ti hay lua chon vn khun loai vn p (hnh con rng) loai ny c mt dc
dim l nhe d vn chuyn c th ct ni vo du ct hay du d duoc, c nhiu loai cho
ban lua chon 20cm x 4m; 25cm x 4m;30cm x 4m..... vn sn th ti xi loai bng st 1m x
1m; 50cm x 1m.... cy gng d th xi loai 5 x 5... v xi gin do d chng cho sn (cn
goi l gin treo) ci ny ngui Nam hay thi cng nht d lm m d cht cng nhiu... so b
qua v coffa dn phn b tng cho ct, dm, sn thng thung b tng cho ct th c mc
(#) b tng cao bng sn, dm cc loai dm lanh t, vng cng vy phuong php d b
tng bng tay duoc tnh nhu sau: b tng #200 c cng thc tnh nhu sau : dnh mc vt tu
thao tiu chun 1,48 m3 ct, 1, 95 m3 d, 0,7 xi mng, cn cng trung th duoc tnh nhu
sau cng thc : 4 ct, 6 d, 1 bao xi, ci ny duoc phn tch nhu sau: 4 ct c nghia l 4
thng B ct. Nghi di n com rnh chay dz lm tip
cc ban hiu r hon tnh cht quan trong ca cng trnh hm nay ti man php reupload
lai ton b tng chi tit mt ca mt cng trnh thi cng nhu th no v vn d php l n
lm sao ti xin trnh by ht trong ny mong moi ngui dng gp v cho kin nh.
%u& 'ng thit ! phc # thi cng(
+Cng tc thi cng dt:
Thi cng co gii kt hop th cng. Du kin huy dng xe my cc loai sau:
Xe do bnh hoi hiu SAMSUNG, SOLAR (KOREA).
Xe xc dt hiu KOMATSU.
My bom nuc.
My dm bn, dm di.
+Cng tc b tng:
Dng b tng tuoi, duoc ch t nh my sn xut b tng dn khi goi din dt hng, loai xe
b tng c dung tch 6m3.
My dm di, bn, my ct un st, khoan.
My lm mt b tng.
+ Cng tc coffa - ct thp:
S dung cc thit b sau:
thng coffa g kt hop coffa thp dnh hnh.
Dng puli cu lp .
My ct, un ct thp.
My hn din.
My cua khoan (BOSC).
Thit b cm tay (bt vt, bn dinh) bng hoi v bng din.
n khun v ging chng phi dm bo: n dnh khng bin hnh, cng v bn. Chu duoc
trong luc v p luc mt bn ca b tng mi d cng nhu cc luc xut hin trong qu trnh
thi cng. m bo kch thuc v hnh dng chnh xc, dm bo dng v tr so vi cc b
phn ca cng trnh dang thuc hin.
+ Cng tc hon thin:
My trn va.
My Nivo.
My cua, mi hiu BOSC.
My phun son.
My ct gach d (kh, nuc) hiu TAC.
My dnh bng nn.
+Cng tc mc, vn khun g:
My lin hop.
My bo tay.
My cua tay.
+ Cng tc din nuc:
Khoan din cm tay, my do din tr dt.
+Thit b trc dac, kim tra cht luong cng trnh:
Thit b th nghim tai hin trung.
B dung cu kim tra d sut b tng.
Dung cu do d m ca ct.
Thng hay vt liu khc d ct gi cc mu ct liu, cement.
ng do 100ml, nhit k.
1 my kinh vi Leica TC600 (Thuy Sy), 1 my kinh vi NKON (Nht), 1 my thy bnh LeiCa
820 (Thuy Sy), my thy chun, sng bn b tng.
Khun ly mu b tng theo tiu chun.
Thit b kim tra cung d thp, b tng, mc va tai phng th nghim.
1. Cng tc chun b thi cng:
di dn gia doan thi cng ca cng trnh th vic chun b cc s liu v ki thut, x hi l
mt cng tc rt quan trong, n nh hung truc tip dn tin d, cht luong v di sng ca
cn b, cng nhn thi cng cng trung sau ny.
+ Cc cng vic cn chun b:
Mt ct da cht cng trnh, tnh cht co l ca cc lp dt, d ca nn v da cht thy vn.
Kh nng vn chuyn thit b my mc co gii dn cng trung sao cho an ton v kinh t
nht.
Cc ngun vt tu cung cp cho cng trnh.
Ngun din nuc phuc vu cho thi cng v phuc vu cho sinh hoat ca cn b, cng nhn thi
cng cng trnh.
Nhng qui dnh chung noi cng trnh xy dung.
Chun b h so php l:
Sau khi c thng bo trng thu s tin hnh ngay cc th tuc php l:
+ Thuong tho di dn k kt hop dng kinh t giao nhn thu xy lp.
+ Nhn bn giao mt bng, ct mc, cao d chun.
+ Lin h vi chnh quyn da phuong lm th tuc cn thit dua cng nhn, thit b thi cng,
vt tu dn cng trung. Mt khc, kt hop vi da phuong trong cng tc bo v, phng
chng chy n v v sinh mi trung.
+ K kt cc hop dng kinh t, hop dng mua bn cung cp vt tu v nhanh chng tp kt
tai cng trung.
Nghin cu ky h so:
Nghin cu lai ton b bn v thit k ky thut. So snh cc bin php t chc thi cng sao
cho tit kim thi gian v dat hiu qu, dm bo cht luong cng trnh hop l nht v tin
hnh lm bng tin d thi cng chi tit tng hang muc cng trnh cu th, b tr cn b, cng
nhn ph hop d thi cng lin tuc. Cng trong thi gian ny chng ta s chun b k kt cc
hop dng cung cp vt tu thit b cn thit.
2. Mt bng t chc thi cng:
- Mt bng cng trnh nm trn dung nh Phong Ph, do d vt liu, my mc thit b
duoc vn chuyn ch yu trn tuyn dung ny.
- in tai xung quanh khu vuc mt d xy dung chua cao, xung quanh c ng trnh tuong di
trng v c dung giao thng ni b di ngang cng trnh.
- Cc cng tc gia cng lp dung nhu thp, vn khun duoc thuc hin ngay canh cng
trung. Tn dung phn dt trng ca cng trnh.
- Cc bi cha vt liu st thp nm gc cng trnh, coffa g, coffa nhua duoc phn theo
chng loai ring cha tng bi ring bit.
- Ngun din phuc vu thi cng cho cng trnh duoc s dung t tram duoc lp dt trn cng
trnh.
- Ngun nuc phuc vu thi cng cng trnh s dung ngun nuc hin c da phuong.
3. So d t chc thi cng:
- So d t chc thi cng duoc b tr ph hop vi dc dim cng trnh trnh d ca cn b
nhm dm bo cho cng trnh thi cng dng tin d, dat cht luong.
- So d t chc hin trung thi cng gm 3 b phn:
+ B phn ch huy chung tai tru s.
B phn ch huy tai cng trnh.
B phn thi cng truc tip.
Mi quan h gia tru s chnh v vic qun l tai cng trung:
B phn ch huy tai tru s v s ch huy tai hin trung thung xuyn ch dao, bn bac, trao
di t chc thi cng tai cng trung bng cc bui hop giao ban hng tun tai hin trung.
Cc phng ban tai tru s chnh thung xuyn kim tra v gip ban ch huy cng trung gii
quyt moi vung mc v khi luong, vt tu, my mc, thit b.
ai tr ca ban ch huy cng trung:
+ T chc tai cng trung bao gm : 01 ch huy trung cng trnh v 01 ch huy ph tai
cng trnh, ch huy trung l ngui truc tip diu hnh thi cng chung tai hin trung v ch
huy ph l ngui thay th khi ch huy trung vng mt.
+ Ban ch huy cng trung ton quyn gii quyt moi vn d trn cng trung v chu trch
nhim truc Cng ty v moi quyt dnh ca mnh. Cc trung b phn phi chu trch nhim
truc ban ch huy cng trung v moi vn d ca bp hn mnh phu trch v nhn lnh truc
tip t ban ch huy cng trung
+Ban ch huy cng trung ca cng ty duoc giao ton quyn qun l, gii quyt moi vn d
lin quan dn cng tc v sinh mi trung v thuc hin cc th tuc php l vi cc co quan
chnh quyn s tai, vi ban qun l bn A v vi ngui lao dng.
+Ban ch huy cng trung lp ra cc bin php bo dm v sinh mi trung noi thi cng v
khu vuc ln cn, nhu bin php che chn, chng bui, chng khi, chng n, gy nhim, s
dung my mc, thit b ph hop, tun theo cc qui dnh ca Nh nuc v ch s ting n,
khi
+Ban ch huy cng trung s t chc cho mt nhm lao dng phuc vu cho cng tc v sinh
mi trung. B phn ny s truc tip thuc hin cc cng vic nhu qut don v sinh cng
trung v khu vuc ln cn, tui nuc chng bui, thu gom rc trong thi cng
+Ban ch huy cng trung c nhim vu gio duc thc chp hnh cc qui dnh v v sinh,
bo v mi trung cho luc luong cn b, nhn vin, cng nhn tham gia tai cng trung
thng qua cc hoat dng sinh hoat, lao dng hng ngy, cc cuc hop giao ban gia ban ch
huy vi di trung thi cng.
ai tr gim st ky thut tai cng trung:
+ B phn gim st ky thut c chuyn mn v trnh d nghip vu ca cng ty d duoc
thnh lp v hoat dng rt c hiu qu trong vic qun l, kim tra cht luong sn phm
xy dung. B phn gim st ky thut ny duoc b tr ngay tai hin trung t khi cng trnh
bt du thi cng.
+ B phn ny c quyn v trch nhim kim tra cht luong vt liu, cht luong bn thnh
phm, cht luong thi cng cng trnh theo dng quy trnh th nghim kim tra. Moi cng tc
du duoc b phn ny kim tra, nghim thu truc khi mi gim st ky thut nghim thu. B
phn ny c quyn t chi moi vt liu khng dat yu cu v cht luong chng loai.
Cc b phn xy dung cng trnh:
+ Cc b phn phuc vu: ky thut ca cc don v thi cng, vt tu, hnh chnh, an ton lao
dng, trc dat, kho duoc diu hnh truc tip bi ch huy trung v ch huy ph cng trnh.
+ Cc di thi cng gm: di ct thp, di coffa, di b tng, di hon thin, di din, di
nuc, di phuc vu thi cng truc tip tai cng trung duoc lnh dao bi nhng ky su giu kinh
nghim chu trch nhim t chc thi cng theo chc nng duoc giao ca di dui su ch huy
truc tip ca ch huy trung cng trnh.
4. Cng tc trc dac:
+ nh v cng trnh xy dung trong pham vi khu dt:
Cng trnh l nh chung cu cho cc so. Su lin quan gia cc cu kin cc b phn rt
cht ch nn cng tc trc dac cuc k quan trong. Cng tc trc dac gip vic thi cng duoc
chnh xc v mt kch thuc ca cng trnh, dm bo d thng dng, d nm ngang ca kt
cu, xc dnh dng v tr cu kin, h thng ky thutn loai tr dn mc ti thiu cc sai
s v tim ct, v tr trong thi cng.
Cn c theo cc mc bn giao ca don v thit k. Dua vo cc lui truc chun trn mt
bng neo vo cc vt c dnh. Cc mc ny duoc bo qun gm tt c cc cng vic xc
dnh, cao d cho tng hang muc, cc chi tit thi cng, t vic lp dt coffa cho dn cc cng
tc hon thin thuc hin giai doan cui cng trnh.
+ Lp lui truc toa d trc dac:
Lui trc dac duoc lp dua vo cc truc ca cng trnh theo thit k. y l cng tc quan
trong, dm bo cng trnh duoc b tr, kch thuc v thng dng. Cc lui truc ca tng trn
duoc lp trn co s lui xut pht t tng trt, cc dim ny duoc chuyn ln cc tng trn
theo phuong php chuyn thng dng.
+ Chuyn d cao ln tng bng thuc thp do truc tip theo mp tung, mp ct vi d sai
lch l 3mm, s dung my thy bnh tu dng trong thi cng d thng nht v thun loi
cho vic thi cng cc cu kin, chi tit trn tng cao d duoc dch +1000 so vi cao d hon
thin duoc dnh lai bng son tai tung, vch, ct.
+ Lp lui quan st:
+ Cc buc ca cng tc trc dac v cc yu cu ky thut s duoc cng ty tun th theo qui
dnh tiu chun it Nam 3972-85 cu th nhu sau: khi nhn duoc tim mc ca ch du tu,
s xc dnh tim mc trn mt bng. tr cc tim mc duoc bo v bng cch d b tng c
ro chn dm bo khng b m, b mt trong qu trnh thi cng.
+ Lui khng ch thi cng duoc b tr thun tin theo cc truc trn bn v dm bo cho vic
thi cng duoc bo v lu di dm bo d chnh xc cao.
+ Cc mc do ln duoc b tr khong cch dm bo n dnh v bo v trong sut qu trnh
thi cng. Khong cch cc mc quan trc ln s duoc thuc hin mt tun trn mt ln c
ch dn dim gia ti nhu d thm sn, xong phn xy cc bo co kt qu quan trc s
duoc thuc hin dang biu d v hon thnh ngay trong ngy d. Bo co duoc lp thnh
02 b gm cc thng tin sau:
+ Thi gian quan trc.
+ Tn ngui thuc hin quan trc v ghi s liu.
+ L lch thit b do.
+ Mt bng v tr cc quan trc.
+ Cc s liu sau khi quan trc tai cc mc.
+ Cc ghi ch (nu c) ca nhn vin do dac.
+ Ch k ca ngui thuc hin quan trc, dai din don v thi cng, BLDA.
Ton b kt qu s duoc trnh cho Tu vn gim st v luu gi trong h so nghim thu cc
giai doan thi cng, hon thnh cng trnh.
+ Cng ty s tin hnh trc dac mt cch h thng, kt hop cht ch dng b vi tin d thi
cng. Cng tc do dac duoc tin hnh thung xuyn trn cng trung, bao gm tt c cc
cng vic xc dnh v tr, cao d cho cc hang muc, cc chi tit thi cng, t vic lp dt coffa
cho dn cc cng vic hon thin thuc hin giai doan cui cng trnh.
+ Dung cu quan trc gm cc my thuc ti sn cng ty. Tt c du trong tnh trang hoat
dng tt cu th gm:
+ My kinh vi theo 10B ca c.
+ My thy bnh ca c.
PN MNG
+ Do cng trnh l chung cu nn phn mng cn phi duoc tnh ton ky cn thn trn co s
nghin cu nhng ti liu lin quan v da cht ca dt v sc chu ti cng trnh.
+ ua tnh ton, nghin cu s liu cng trnh d dua ra gii php mng b tng ct thp
cho cng trnh l mt phuong n hop l.
+ Mng b tng ct thp duoc gia cng thp, d ngay tai cng trung.
+ Mng duoc ch tao gm hai loai mng bng v mng don. n khun d b tng mng
dng vn khun g d gia cng v lp dung.
+ tr cc mng duoc xc dnh v trnh by trn bn v duoc dnh du trn mt bng cng
trnh.
+ trnh luu luong nuc ngm, tri mua lm cn tr qu trnh thi cng nn b tr nhng
muong nh,h thu nuc, my bom quanh chu vi h mng d thot nuc lm sach h mng.
+ o mng tng khu vuc ca tng khi thnh mt h mng chung. Sau khi do dt xong
s tin hnh dm nn dy mng v d b tng lt mng.
+ Cu tao mng gm hai phn di mng v d mng.
Theo cu tao trn phn khi mng thnh 02 dot thi cng:
ot 1: thi cng b tng mng:
+ b tng lt mng d 4x6, mc 100, dy 100, rng hon d mng theo mi phuong l
100.
+ bng th cng, dng dm bn ky, xc dnh tim mng.
+ Thp dng lm vi mng l thp 12a150 duoc buc thnh lui d sn ngoi, khi d b
tng mng th dem vo lp dt.
+ Mi ni gia thp c mng v thp vi mng phi dm bo d 30d. Buc cc vin k vo
ct thp theo yu cu lp bo v.
+ Cn chnh ct thp theo tim mng v c dnh.
+ Lm thp di mng, d mng.
+ Lp v hiu chnh ct thp di mng, d mng.
+ Lp vn thnh mng, di mng, d mng.
+ b tng di mng d mng.
+ b tng mng mc # 250.
+ Lm v sinh lp ct thp, coffa v phn b tng lt mng.
+ B tng duoc trn bng my trn qu l.
+ Tin hnh d b tng bng th cng dn dy d king.
+ Dng dm di dm ky b tng.
- Bo dung b tng mng sau khi d.
+ Tin hnh bo dung sau khi d 1 bui.
+ Cho ngui tui nuc ngy 4 ln trong mt tun.
+ Ph kn mt mng bng bao ti d dm bo d m cho mng.
+ Tho d vn khun mng.
+ Sau khi d b tng 01 ngy, tin hnh tho vn khun mng v c mng.
Tho vn khun theo dng yu cu ky thut trnh lm st m cu kin.
ot 2: Cng tc dm ging mng:
Dm ging mng BTCT mc 200, c cc tit din sau: DK1(200 x 500); DK1a(200 x 300);
DK2(200 x 300); DK3(100 x 300).
+ Gia cng lp dung ct thp
+ Ct doc v ct dai duoc gia cng xung theo kch thuc thit k.
+ Thp duoc buc thnh khung v lp vo v tr.
+ Buc cc vin k dy 30mm vo ct thp d dm bo chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct
thp.
+ Gia cng lp dung vn khun g.
+ n khun duoc gia cng v dng thnh hp tp kt lai.
+ t vn khun vo v tr v diu chnh cho dng v tr thit k.
+ Sau khi diu chnh xong c dnh vn khun bng cy g 3x5.
+ b tng mc 200.
+ Lm v sinh vn khun, ct thp.
+ Tin hnh nghim thu vn khun v ct thp dm ging mng.
+ Tin hnh trn v db tng.
+ m ky bng dm di.
+ Tho d vn khun
+ Sau khi d b tng duoc 01 ngy tin hnh tho vn khun dm ging mng.
+ Tho vn khun theo dng yu cu ky thut trnh lm st m cu kin.
"%I C)*+ ,-. ,/" ")* *0*
t duoc vn chuyn t dim d dn v tr gn mt bng mng.
Lm sn cng tc di qua h ging mng.
Dng xe ra vn chuyn lp h mng t ngoi vo trong.
Tui nuc dm ky.
.%1* 2%3*+
I. C)*+ "4C C5667
+ Cng tc coffa l mt trong nhng khu quan trong quyt dnh dn cht luong b tng,
hnh dang v kch thuc ca kt cu. Coffa s dung cho cc cng tc phn thn l coffa
thp v coffa g, coffa duoc phn loai v tp kt ring tai cc bi trn cng trung. Truc
khi dua vo s dung coffa duoc v sinh sach s v ph ln mt lp chng dnh. i vi coffa
g cn ht sc cn thn trong cua x trnh lng ph v ch.
+ Coffa duoc gia cng, lp dung ngay tai cng trung.
+ Truc khi tho coffa, bn B mi gim st ky thut bn A dn nghim thu b mt ca cu
kin.
COA CT.
+ Coffa duoc dng l coffa g.
+ S dung cy chng g trn. ung knh cy chng t 8 - 10cm.
+ S dung nhng thanh g 5 x 10cm lm ging ngang v doc.
. C5667 819, :;*
+ Coffa dm, sn bng g.
+ Cy chng g trn.
+ Cng tc coffa duoc thuc hin nhu sau:
+ Chun b:
- Bt muc d xc dnh v tr coffa.
- B tr nhn luc ph hop, thuc hin theo dng nhu cu cng vic.
- sinh mt bng noi s lp dung coffa.
+ Cng tc coffa duoc thuc hin nhu sau:
Cn b ky thut truc tip ch dao cho cc t trung, cho chuyn mn thuc hin cng tc
coffa, dm bo tht chnh xc theo yu cu ky thut. Trnh tnh trang d lp dung xong
coffa phi tho d dung lai do khng dng yu cu ky thut.
Tin hnh lp dung coffa theo bn v chi tit v ch dn ca cn b ky thut.
Coffa duoc lp dung phi vng chc, neo cht vo nhng dim c dnh, khng d cho coffa
b x dch bin dang trong qu trnh d b tng.
sinh coffa sach sau khi lp dung xong.
Cn b ky thut phi nghim thu cng tc coffa truc khi tin hnh cng tc tip theo.
Coffa phi duoc tui nuc v sinh truc khi d b tng.
<-. 8=*+ C5667
+ Bo dung, bo v cng tc coffa.
Coffa sau khi duoc lp dung xong nu chua duoc d b tng th s duoc bo ky d trnh b
x dch.
II. C)*+ "4C C>" "%?.(
+ Ct thp duoc gia cng, lp dung ngay tai cng trung, duoc tin hnh theo tng cng
vic, tng khu vuc nhu b dai, un thp, ct thp, ko thng thp thp duoc gia cng bng
c th cng v bng my. My mc phuc vu cho cng tc ct thp trn cng trung v c
nhiu loai nhu my un, my ct, my ko thp
+ Thp dua v cng trnh phi dng yu cu thit k mi duoc php s dung. Ct thp duoc
dng c hai loai l thp gn v thp tron. Tit din c nhiu loai vi dung knh khc nhau
nhu 6, 8 ,10, 12 ,14, 16 ,18 vic s dung thp dng loai l tu thuc vo bn v thit k
kt cu cng trnh. Khi gia cng thp tron phi b mc cn thp gn th khng b mc.
+ Ct thp duoc gia cng l thp dai, thp m, lui thp
+ Ct thp truc khi s dung phi duoc sa thng, dnh sach g thp, c th dng ba dp
thng hoc dng my un nn thng. i thp c dung knh dui 20mm th ta c th ct
un bng tay v nu dung knh ln hon 20mm th ta phi dng my.
+ Thp khi ct ra un phi xc dnh thm d dn di ca n, yu cu: ct thp b un gin
ra thm 0,5d khi un gc 450, 1d khi un gc 900, 1,5d khi un gc 1800. oan neo ct
thp cng trung qui dnh l 30d ct thp. Ni ct thp c hai dang l ni hn v ni bng
km buc.
@ Chun ! ABp thCp(
B phn gia cng thp s thuc hin dng bn v dui su hung dn ca cn b ky thut.
Thp sau khi gia cng s duoc dnh s theo dng chng loai v phn b ti noi cn lp
dung. Tin hnh vach muc v tr lp thp. dinh thp, don dep mt bng v tr lp thp.
Chun b cc phu kin, tp hop sn v tr lp thp nhu cuc k, km buc dng thi b
tr nhn luc ph hop vi yu cu cng vic.
@ "hDc hin cng tc cEt thCp(
Tin hnh lp thp theo bn v kt cu dui su hung dn ca cn b ky thut. Ct thp sau
khi lp dung phi dm bo dng kch thuc, dng s hiu thit k, dng v tr khong cch
ca nhng thanh thp v dim ni chiu di cc mi ni. Luu nhng v tr tip gip ca ct
vi tung, ct vi lam phi dt thp ch lin kt. Nu pht hin ra nhng sai lch so vi
bn v thit k cn phi chnh sa lai ngay nhu lch st, qun hay thiu thp ch. S dung
c kch thuc theo yu cu d dm bo d dy ca lp b tng bo v theo thit k nhm
bo v cho thp chng lai su tc dng ca mi trung xung quanh. Coffa phi duoc lp dung
vng chc, khng d xy ra tnh trang thp b x lch, chuyn v tr bin dang trong qu
trnh dm d b tng. Sau khi lp dung ct thp xong phi don v sing sach s, trnh khng
tc dng manh vo cu trc thp d lp dung d d phng thp b x lch. Cn b ky thut
nghim thu ct thp sua khi lp dung xong khi d mi tin hnh cng tc tip theo.
Ngoi ra cng trung cn dng thp lm hng ro bo v an ton cho cng nhn lm vic
v duoc hn vo cc cy chng st theo cc phuong lm h ging vng chc.
Ct thp sau khi lp dung xong, nu chua d b tng phi duoc bo v ki trnh d vt nng
d ln gy x lch khng dng theo hnh dang, kch thuc, v tr thit k. Trnh d cc cht
bn nhu du m, bui bm dnh vo thp. Ct thp sau khi lp dung xong phi tin hnh d
b tng cng nhanh cng tt trnh d cc diu kin bn ngoi thm nhp lm cho thp b g
st. Sn phm b tng sau khi tho coffa nht thit khng duoc li thp.
Mt s luu trong cng tc ct thp:
+ Ct thp ct:
Do kch thuc, tit din ca cng trnh ln nn ct thp ct khng duoc gia cng sn thnh
khung thp m duoc ni tng thanh vo thp ch ct, sau d mi lp dung thp dai v lp
tao thnh khung ngay tai v tr ct cn dt thp. Dui chn ct dng hai thanh thp hn
cho gc nhau vi cc thanh thp gc ca khung thp d c dnh v tr ct, doan trn mt t
th dng thp C mc t hai canh ca thp dai c bn mt nh vy m ct duoc dnh v
chnh xc.
+ Ct thp dm:
uoc ghp thnh tng thanh theo yu cu kt cu theo nguyn tc ct thp pha trn ca
dm phu nm trn ct thp dm chnh v ct thp pha trn ca dm chnh nm trn ct
thp sn. Lp dung ct thp dm mp trn vn khun dm v khi lp xong ri mi ha
xung.
+ Ct thp sn:
Ch dt thp bin php (hn vo st sn) d sau ny buc dy cp ko ct v chng truot
cho cy chng trn sn. t cuc k bo dm lp bo v sn.
III. C)*+ "4C BF ")*+(
Cng nhu cng tc vn khun, ct thp th cng tc d b tng cng gi vai tr quan trong
trong thi cng. B tng s dung phi tuan th theo TCN.
B tng duoc s dung l b tng thuong phm duoc dua dn cng trnh bng xe trn, duoc
dua ln sn bng cu thp v mt xe bom ngang cng sut 80m3/gi du phng. Cht luong
cc loai ct liu nhu ct, d, xi mng, nucthung xuyn duoc kim nghim theo TCN.
Cc th nghim s duoc luu gi np trnh ban qun l xt duyt. Bn sao v xi mng s dung
d trn xi mng s np trnh, trong d nu r loai b tng d duoc kim tra phn tch cht
luong tai phng th nghim c chc nng duoc ban qun l chp thun, bo dm ph hop vi
yu cu s dung ca cng trnh.
Cp phi b tng s dung cho cng trnh s duoc lp v np trnh ban qun l thit k ph
duyt. uy trnh d b tng cho tng loai cu kin phi duoc gim st cht ch dm bo dat
cht luong d b tng cao nht. Cc dung cu d che nng, d trnh mt nuc nhanh, che
mua, dm b tng phi lun du phng sn. B tng phi dm bo khng b r, khng b
phn tng khi dm b tng.
+ Thuc hin cng tc d b tng:
- Tp hop cc s liu, h so, l lch ca ct liu s dung cho b tng (ct, d, xi mng, thp)
khi cc s liu d duoc tp hop dy d, dng yu cu thit k th mi duoc s dung, thit k
cp phi b tng theo yu cu ca kt cu cng trnh. Sau khi c thit k cp phi s ly
mu th nghim hnh lp phuong 15 x 15 x 15 bo dung mu theo quy trnh ky thut sau
d tin hnh p mu d kim tra cung d b tng.
- Ct thp, coffa phi duoc nghim thu truc khi d b tng, xt dn tt c cc luc tc dung
(do my mc phuc vu cho vic d b tng gy ra nhu dm di, ng bom) khi d b tng
vo thp v coffa phi dm bo khng lm sai lch v tr thp hay gy n cho coffa lm cho
cu kin b bin dang, sai lch so vi thit k d ra. Truc khi d phi kim tra ky lung, kp
thi bt kn cc khe h gia coffa vi nhau trnh tnh trang b tng chy nuc bng giy bao
thm nuc, bng keokim tra cc cuc k dm bo lp bo v b tng. sinh sach s
phn bn trong v bn ngoi cu kin d b tng khng d st vt no trong ngoi cu kin
v khi d ri s khng ly ra duoc.
- ach ct cao d, ct nn ca khi d theo yu cu thit k. Chun b mt bng tao khong
khng thao tc, dung vn chuyn t noi trn dn noi d sao cho thun loi nht, b tng
duoc vn chuyn ti l d lin tuc khng duoc gin doan nu khng s nh hung dn cung
d cng nhu d lin kt ca b tng vi kt cu thp.
- Chun b cc dung cu, thit b d b tng nhu dm b tng, xng d xc, x d dung
nu cao phi chun b gin do nhu khi d ct trung hop d vo ban dm phi chun b
h thng chiu sng phuc vu cho cng tc d b tng.
- B tr luc luong nhn cng, gim st ky thut d theo yu cu cng vic.
+ T chc cc nhm thuc hin bao gm:
- B phn hung dn ch dao: gm cn b ky thut, di trung di thi cng. B phn ch huy
ny phi c mt tc truc khi d b tng, kp thi pht hin v x l moi tnh hung xy ra
trn cng trung.
- Nhm kim tra: Kim tra lai coffa, ct thp, km buc truc v trong khi d.
- Nhm vn chuyn, d b tng: b tng duoc chuyn ti v tr d bng bom b tng hoc
bng xe ct kt vn chuyn dn.
- Nhm hon thin b mt b tng: dm bo sau khi d b mt b tng dng cao d thit
k nhn phng hoc tao d dc cho b tng. Trong qu trnh d b tng ch phi dm di
tht ky d cho b tng phn b du trong kt cu ( s dung dm di my).
- ic d b tng, hon thin b mt b tng s phi thuc hin theo dng yu cu ky thut
dui su ch dao ca b phn hung dn.
+ Mt s luu trong cng tc b tng:
- B tng ct: b tng d ct dng b tng thuong phm duoc trn sn mang dn cng
trung bng xe trn. T dy b tng duoc cng nhn xc v d th cng tng x b tng
vo ct. B tr nhn luc gm ngui xc, ngui vn chuyn, ngui chuyn, ngui dm di v
ngui d b tng. b tng trn ct cao th phi bt gin do. m bo phi hop nhp
nhng mi thnh vin thuc hin cng vic d cho b tng d vo ct duoc lin tuc. cao
d b tng ct phi nh hon 1,5m do d, ta phi cha l d trn vn khun ct dm bo d
roi ca b tng khi d ct. Ch dm di ky d cho b tng phn b du trong ct v trnh
r mt b tng. Cc tng trn cao dng cn truc thp phn b b tng d d ct.
- B tng dm, sn: do dt dim Thnh ph xe b tng ch c th vo ban dm v vy
cng tc d b tng dm, sn duoc tin hnh vo ban dm cho dn sng. Dm, sn duoc d
ton khi sua khi d nghim thu ct thp, dung din m trong sn, cc v tr dt ng
nucxe b tng duoc dt ngoi cng trnh, duoc bom ln sn bng vi bom. B tr d b
tng trn sn gm hai ngui diu chnh vi bom, mt nhm dn b tng ra cho du v dm
di. b tng ti du th dm di ti d, d b tng t trn cao xung ch su truc sau
d mi d ch can. Do sn rng nn khi d b tng phi tao rnh phn chia mt khi b mt
ln thnh cc din tch nh hon d d. Ch d b tng t gia ra hai bn.
Ngoi ra cn d b tng thnh b nuc, thnh thang my, cu thang
Khi thi cng b tng ct thp phi d lm nhiu dot, mach ngng gia cc dot phi xc dnh
truc. tr dt mach ngng sao cho ni luc v tr d tuong di nh v phi vung gc vi
phuong truyn luc nn ca kt cu: i vi ct th mach ngng dt tai v tr tip gip gia
du ct vi mt dui ca dm, di vi sn nm th dt tai chn m ct, di vi dm xin
mach ngng dt tai chn dm xin, di vi cu truc mach ngng dt tai vai cu truc hay
pha trn cu truc, di vi dm, sn mach ngng dt ngay dui chn bn sn, sn khng
sun th mach ngng dt bt k v tr no min sao song song vi phuong canh ngn, sn
c sun th mach ngng dt nhp sn nm v pha bn phi. Ch x l mach ngng
phi tao nhm b mt ca mach ngng.
+ Bo dung tho d coffa:
- Bo dung b tng giai doan du s bt du ngay sau khi b mt b tng d d cng,
khng b v v vic bo dung phi tin hnh lin tuc trong 12 gi.
- B mt b tng phi lun gi m bng cch tui nuc ln hoc dng vt liu gi nuc ph
ln b mt d gi cho b tng lun duoc m.
- Ch duoc tho d coffa khi cung d b tng dat yu cu theo quy pham thi cng v
nghim thu. Khi tho coffa khng duoc lm chn dng v rung nh hung kt cu b tng.
Ngay sau khi tho coffa phi kim tra sa cha tt c cc khuyt tt nhu v, nt, n.
.%1* %5;* "%IG*
- CNG TC X:
+ Do tnh cht cng trnh l dang khung b tng ct thp chu luc nn h tung ch mang
tnh cht bao che ch yu, t tham gia chu luc, vt liu duoc dng khi xy tung l gach.
Tuy nhin, cng cn phi tun th ba nguyn tc chnh khi xy gach l:
+ Gach xy tng hng phi phng mt, vung gc vi phuong ca luc tc dung vo khi xy
hoc gc nghing ca luc tc dung vo khi xy v phuong vung gc vi khi xy phi =
170 v khi xy chu nn l chnh.
Xy khng duoc trng mach do d cc mach va dng ca lp xy tip gip khng duoc
trng m phi lch nhau t nht chiu di vin gach c v phuong ngang cng nhu
phuong doc.
Cc mach va xy theo phuong ngang v phuong doc trong mt lp xy phi vung gc vi
nhau, khng duoc php xy cc vin gach v hnh thang, hnh tam gic gc khi xy.
+ vy, di ng cng nhn thuc hin vic xy phi lnh ngh, duoc chia thnh t v phn
cng lao dng ph hop vi cc doan cng tc trn mt bng. ng thi gia cc tho chnh,
tho chnh vi tho phu phi c su phi hop nhp nhng dy chuyn vi nhau dm bo cng
vic duoc thuc hin mt cch lin tuc, nhp nhng khng b ngt qung.
+ Cng vic xy duoc tin hnh sau khi h khung b tng ct thp d duoc chnh thnh
duoc mt phn hay ton b v coffa sn, dm, ct, h ging chng d duoc tho d, don
dep h khung tng dui th khi y ta c th bt du cng vic xy tng dui v c nhu
th ln cc tng trn.
1. Chun b truc khi xy:
( Chun b vt liu:
( dm bo kt dnh tt cho khi xy va xi mng duoc s dung l hop phn ca xi mng,
ct, nuc duoc trn vi nhau theo mt t l thch hop tao ra hn hop c cung d cao chu
duoc nuc v noi m ut.
( Do cng trnh l nh chung cu nn gach duoc s dung l gach cht luong cao c d cng
cao, vung gc thng canh, khng b nt n duoc sn xut t dt st tao khun v dem
nung, c giy chng nhn ca cc co quan chuyn mn kim nghim do d kh nng chng
lai nh hung ca thoi tit cao. Gm gach ng 4 l 80 x 80 x 190 v gach th 40 x 80 x 190.
( S dung xi mng polng holcim mc 200 cn trong thi han s dung v bo qun trong
kho bi dng tiu chun.
( Ct dng l ct sach, mn khng ln tap cht, kch thuc dng du, dng yu cu trong cp
phi va xy. Nu ct khng sach ta phi tin hnh sn loai b tap cht trong ct.
( Nuc sach phi duoc ly t ngun nuc ca khu vuc.
( Cp phi va phi duoc pha trn thch hop, trnh nhng trung hop va non lm gim d
lin kt hay va gi gy lng ph. Cht luong ca va xy t duoc kim tra th nghim trong
phng v trn hin trung xy dung.
( Chun b xy:
Coffa dm, sn, ct v h ging chng d duoc tho ra v don dep gon gng dm bo khng
vung trong qu trnh xy, dng thi tao ra mt mt bng thun loi cho vic vn chuyn vt
liu xy dn dng ch v b tr vt liu khi xy nhu gach, mng h, khi xy ln cao cn
phi b tr gin do.
Tho chnh v tho phu du d.
Dung cu xy gm bay, thuc, dy nho, bn ch, niv.
Xc dnh tung xy l loai no 100, 200 hay ln hon d xy hop l dng k thut.
Xc dnh tim mc, v tr xy.
Tho phu vn chuyn vt liu gach, mng h, gin do lai v tr tho chnh, sp chng thch
hop trn mt bng xy.
Nu xy trn tng cao th vt liu duoc chuyn ln bng puli.
2. Trnh tu v cc yu cu ky thut khi xy:
- Xy t dui ln trn, tung chnh xy truc, tung phu xy sau, xung quanh xy truc,
trong xy sau.
- Nu gach kh phi tui nuc d dm bo gach khng ht nuc ca va tao lin kt tt khi
xy.
- B mt tip gip khi xy phi duoc trt mt lp h du d tao d lin kt gia gach v b
mt tip gip d nhu dm, ct.
- dm bo cho tung thng v phng th trong qu trnh xy phi ging dy nho v
thung xuyn th qu doi.
- Mach va dao dng t 8 - 12mm, mach va phi nm ngang phi dy hon mach va doc,
bo dm mach no va. iu chnh tng va pha va thp nu tung khng ngang phng.
- C hai cch xy l 3 doc 1 ngang hay 5 doc 1 ngang.
- Ch v tr tip gip gia tung v dm th phi xy xin, xy bng gach dinh dng thi
cc l trng phi mit h ki nhm trnh trung hop nt mp tip gip ca tung vi da d.
- v tr tip gip ca tung vi mt trn ca d cng duoc x l mt lp h du khong
1cm v xy khong 03 hng gach dinh d chng nt.
- Khi xy ch cha nhng l trng trn tung d lp dung ca, lam gi, dung din, ng
nucsau ny.
- Sau khi khi xy va xong th han ch cc luc va cham d khi xy dat cung d t t.
- Nu xy tip ln tung c th cn phi v sinh tui nuc tung c truc khi xy tip.
3. T chc lm vic:
- dm bo cht luong vt liu nhu xi mng, ct, d, gach khi dua dn cng trnh duoc
kim tra nghim thu ngay xem c yu cu d d ra hay chua (xi mng, gach, dng loai dng
mc), nu chua thp hi thay di ngay. sau khi khi xy d hon chnh cng phi kim
tra nghim thu ln na cho dn khi cng trnh hon tt. Cng vic ny do ch huy trung
phi hop vi nhng ky su khc trn cng trung dm trch. n hop va phi duoc pha trn
dng tiu chun duoc kim tra cht bng cch ly mu th nghim ngay tai cng trung sau
khi d pha trn xong v d do, d sut, d dng du ca va xy.
- Cc t di thuc hin cng tc xy c th l ca cng ty hoc ngoi c tnh chuyn nghip
duoc t chc lm vic xy chuyn. Mi t xy dng du l mt trung nhm, diu hnh cc
thnh vin khc trong t xy, chu trch nhim v khu vuc mnh xy. T trung xy phi xc
dnh so b s luong cng nhn mnh c sn d tm ra bin
php phn dot phn doan hop l, khi luong trong cc phn dot phn doan phi xp x bng
nhau d trnh gy bin dng v nhn luc v dm bo cho xy khng b gin doan na
chng.
- Ngui tho tuyt di phi chp hnh cc bin php an ton lao dng khi xy, nht l khi
dng trn gin do, lm vic trn cao phi c hnh lang bo v, di vi cc tung ngoi th
phi c lui bao che d phng vt roi xung dui.
- T chc mt bng thi cng phi tin loi ph hop gm 03 khu: khu vuc thao tc xy, khu
vuc cha vt liu v khu vuc chuyn tip vt liu. Ba khu vuc ny khng tch ri vi nhau
duoc. c bit l khi lm vic trn gin do th gin do phi vng, sn cng tc phi chc
chn d cha vt liu v thao tc xy.
- Thng thung d cho cng vic xy duoc lin tuc th c 01 tho chnh th c 01tho phu, nu
kt cu phc tap, khi luong nhiu th s ngui phi ln hon. Gach va duoc chuyn ln tng
bng puli; va duoc trn bng my hoc th cng c th trn dui dt ri chuyn ln hoc
chuyn xi mng ln tng dang xy ri trn trn d. Cn tin hnh trn kh truc ri sau d
trn ut sau. Tho phu phi cung cp vt liu ch otho chnh xy mt cch dy d nhm trnh
gin doan trong thi cng gy lng ph, hiu sut km.