Professional Documents
Culture Documents
= (0.2)
trong o, [Wb] goi la t thng moc vong
cua cun dy
= N
e
Hnh 0.1 Chieu cucng :cc
ccm ung phu hcp vci Iu Ihcng
Ihec ui Icc vcn nuI chci
4
2. Trng hp thanh dn chuyn ng trong t trng.
Khi thanh dn chuyn ng thng goc vi
ng sc t trng (y la trng hp thng
gp nht trong may in), trong thanh dn cam
ng s co tr s la:
Hnh 0.2 Xcc cnh :cc ccm ung
Ihec ui Icc Lcn Icy phci
e = Blv (0.3)
trong o : B: cng t cam [T].
l : chiu dai tac dung cua thanh dn
[m].
v: tc dai thanh dn [m/s]
Con chiu s cam ng xac nh theo qui
tc ban tay phai (hnh 0.2).
0.2.2. |nh |ut |uc d|n tu.
Khi thanh dn mang dong in t thng goc
vi ng sc t trng, thanh dn se chu mt lc
in t tac dung co tr s la:
Hnh 0.3 Xcc cnh |uc cien Iu
Ihec ui Icc Lcn Icy Irci
i
f = Bil (0.4)
Trong o, B : cng t cam, [T].
i : dong in chay trong thanh dn, [A].
l : chiu dai thanh dn, [m].
f : lc in t o bng Niuton, [N]
Chiu cua lc in t f c xac nh theo qui tc
ban tay trai (hnh 0.3).
0.2.3. |nh |ut moch tu. Inh toon moch tu.
1. nh lut mach t:
Loi thep cua may in la mach t. Mach t la mach khep kn dung dn t
thng. nh lut mach t la nh lut dong in toan phn ap dung vao mach t.
Ni dung cua nh lut dong in toan phn nh sau:
H
r
l d
r
i
1
i
2
i
3
(L)
Hinh 0.4 Minh hoa nh
lut dong in toan phn
i
1
N
1
l
1
,S
1
l
2
,S
2
i
2
N
2
Hinh 0.6 Mach t co khe h
khng kh va hai cun dy
i
N
l(L)
Hinh 0.5 Mach t ng
nht co mt cun dy
5
Nu la vect cng t trng do mt tp hp dong in i H
r
1
, i
2
, ... i
k
, ...,
i
n
. tao ra va nu L la mt ng cong kn bao quanh chung th:
=
) L (
k
i l d H
r r
Vi l d
r
la di vi phn trn (L) .(hnh 0.4). Du cua i
k
xac nh theo qui tc
vn nut chai: Quay cai vn nut chai theo chiu l d
r
, chiu tin cua vn nut chai
trung vi chiu dong in i
k
th dong in i
k
mang du dng, con ngc lai ly
du m.
nh lut dong in toan phn ap dung vao mach t ng nht co mt cun
dy nh hnh 0.5, ta co nh sau:
H.l = Ni = F
Vi: =
=
R
S
l 1
l
B
Hl
Vy F Ni R Hl = = =
(0.5)
Trong o:
H[At/m]: Cng t trng trong mach t.
B=H [T] : T cam (mt t thng) trong mach t.
=
r
o
[H/m]: t thm tuyt i cua mach t.
o
= 4.10
-7
[H/m] : t thm cua khng kh.
r
= /
o
: t thm tng i cua mach t.
L[m] : Chiu dai trung bnh cua mach t.
N: S vong dy cua cun dy.
I[A]: goi la dong in t hoa, tao ra t thng cho mach t.
F = Ni [At/m]: goi la sc t ng (st)
H.l : goi la t ap ri trong mach t.
S[m
2
] : tit din ngang cua mach t.
S
l 1
R
=
=
m
1 j
j j
l H F
Buoc 3: Tuy theo bai toan ma ta tm c dong in i hoc s vong dy W.
Bai toan nguoc : Bit st F, tm t thng .
Loai bai toan ny phc tap. Do vt liu t co t thm phu thuc t thng
nn t tr R
=
y la phng trnh phi tuyn, thng dung phng phap gn ung giai.
0.3. CAC VT LIU CH TAO MAY DIN
Vt liu ch tao may in gm vy liu cu truc, vt liu tac dung va vt liu
cach in. Vt liu cu truc la vt liu ch tao cac chi tit chu cac tac ng c
hoc nh truc, truc, thn may, np. Vt liu tac dung la vt liu dung ch tao
nhng b phn dn in va t. Con vt liu cach in dung cach in gia phn
dn in vi khng dn in va gia cac phn dn in vi nhau.
0.3.1. Vt ||u dn d|n
Vt liu dn in ch tao may in tt nht la ng v chung khng t lm
va co in tr sut nho. Ngoai ra con dung nhm va cac hp kim khac nh ng
7
thau, ng phtpho. Dy ng hoc dy nhm c ch tao theo tit in tron
hoc tit in ch nht co boc cach in. Vi nhng may co cng sut nho va
trung bnh, in ap di 1000V thng dung dy dn boc may v lp cach in
cua no mong va at bn yu cu.
0.3.2. Vt ||u dn tu
Vt liu dn t trong may in la vt liu st t nh thep ky thut in, gang,
thep uc, thep ren ...
cac phn dn t co t thng bin i vi tn s 50Hz thng dung thep la
ky thut in day 0,35 1mm, trong thanh phn thep co t 2 5% silc tng
in tr cua thep, giam dong in xoay. Thep ky thut in c ch tao bng
phng phap can nong hoc can ngui. Hin nay thng dung thep can ngui
ch tao cac may in v thep can
ngui co t thm cao hn va
sut tn hao nho hn thep can
nong. Trn hnh 0.7 trnh bay
ng cong t hoa cua mt s
vt liu dn t khac nhau. Cung
mt dong in kch t, ta thy
thep ky thut in co t cam ln
nht, sau o la thep uc va cui
cung la gang.
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
B
H
Gang
Thep uc
Thep KT
Hnh 0.7 ucng ccng Iu hcc cuc mcI :c vcI |ieu Iu
cac phn dn t co t
thng khng i thng dung
thep uc, thep ren, hoc thep la.
0.3.3. Vt ||u coch d|n
Vt liu cach in trong may in phai co cng cach in cao, chu nhit
tt, tan nhit tt, chng m va bn v c hoc. Cach in boc dy dn chu c
nhit cao th nhit cho phep cua dy dn cang ln va dy dn chu c
dong tai ln.
Cht cach in cua may in phn ln th rn va gm co 4 nhom:
a) Cht hu c thin nhin nh giy, lua
b) Cht v c nh aming, mica, si thuy tinh.
c) Cac cht tng hp.
d) Cac loai men va sn cach in.
Cht cach in tt nht la mica nhng t. Giy, vai, si... re nhng dn nhit
va cach in kem, d b m. V vy chung phai c tm sy cach in tt hn.
8
Cn c bn nhit, vt liu cach in c chia ra cac cp nh sau:
- Cp Y : Nhit cho phep la 90
0
C, bao gm bng, giy, vai, t lua, si
tng hp, khng c tm sy bng sn cach in.
- Cp A : Nhit cho phep la 105
0
C, bao gm vai si xenlul, si t nhin
hoc nhn tao c qua tm sy bng sn cach in.
- Cp E : Nhit cho phep la 120
0
C, bao gm mang vai, si tng hp gc
hu c co th chu c nhit tng ng.
- Cp B : Nhit cho phep la 130
0
C, bao gm cac vt liu gc mica, si
thuy tinh hoc aming c lin kt bng sn hoc nha gc hu c co th chu
c nhit tng ng.
- Cp F : Nhit cho phep la 155
0
C, ging nh loai B nhng c tm sy
va kt dnh bng sn hoc nha tng hp co th chu c nhit tng ng.
- Cp H : Nhit cho phep la 180
0
C, ging nh cp B nhng dung sn tm
sy hoc cht kt dnh gc silic hu c hoc cac cht tng hp co kha nng chu
c nhit tng ng.
- Cp C : Nhit cho phep la >180
0
C, bao gm cac vt liu gc mica, thuy
tinh va cac hp cht cua chung dung trc tip khng co cht lin kt. Cac cht v
c co phu gia lin kt bng hu c va cac cht tng hp co kha nng chu c
nhit tng ng.
Ngoai ra con co cht cach in th kh (khng kh) va th long (du bin ap).
Khi may in lam vic, do tac ng cua nhit , chn ng va cac tac ng ly
hoa khac cach in se b lao hoa ngha la mt dn cac tnh bn v in va c. Thc
nghim cho bit, khi nhit tng qua nhit lam vic cho phep 8-10
0
C th tui
tho cua vt liu cach in giam i mt na.
0.4. PHAT NONG VA LAM MAT MAY DIN
Trong qua trnh bin i nng lng lun co s tn hao. Tn hao trong may
in gm tn hao st t (do hin tng t tr va dong xoay) trong thep, tn hao
ng trong dy qun va tn hao do ma sat ( may in quay). Tt ca cac tn hao
nng lng u bin thanh nhit lam cho may in nong ln.
lam mat may in, phai co bin phap tan nhit ra mi trng xung quanh.
S tan nhit khng nhng phu thuc vao b mt lam mat cua may ma con phu
thuc vao s i lu khng kh xung quanh hoc cua mi trng lam mat khac nh
du may bin ap... Thng vo may in c ch tao co cac canh tan nhit va may
in co h thng quat gio lam mat.
Kch thc cua may, phng phap lam mat phai c tnh toan va la chon
cho tng nhit cua vt liu cach in trong may khng vt qua tng nhit
9
cho phep, am bao cho vt liu cach in lam vic lu dai, tui tho cua may
khoang 20 nm.
Khi may in lam vic ch nh mc, tng thit cua cac phn t khng
vt qua tng nhit cho phep. Khi may qua tai tng nhit cua may se vt
qua nhit cho phep, v th khng cho phep may lam vic qua tai lu dai.
0.5. PHUONG PHAP NGHIN CUU MAY DIN
Vic nghin cu may in gm cac bc sau:
1. M ta cac hin tng vt ly xay ra trong may in.
2. Da vao cac nh lut vt ly, vit phng trnh toan hoc m ta s lam vic
cua may in. o la m hnh toan cua may in.
3. T m hnh toan thit lp m hnh mach, o la s thay th cua may
in.
4. T m hnh toan va m hnh mach, tnh toan cac c tnh va nghin cu
may in, khai thac s dung theo cac yu cu cu th.