1

o| Hoc o Nng - Iruong o| hoc 8och Khoo

Khoo |n - Nhom Chuyn mn |n Cng Ngh|p
G|oo trnh MAY IN 1
8|n soon: 8u| In Lo|


Chuong 3
QbAN H IN I0 IkONG M8A

Trong chng nay chung ta se nghin cu s lam vic cua mba luc tai i
xng va moi vn co lin quan u c xet trn mt pha cua mba ba pha hay
trn mba mt pha.
3.1. CAC PHUONG TRINH CN BNG CUA MAY BIN AP
thy ro qua trnh nng lng trong mba, ta hay xet cac quan h in t
trong trng hp nay.
3.1.1. Fhuong trnh cn bng d|n op [sdd}










Trn hnh 3.1 trnh bay mba mt pha hai dy qun, trong o dy qun s cp
ni vi ngun, co s vong N
1
, dy qun th cp ni vi tai co tng tr Z
t
, co s
vong N
2
. Khi ni in ap u
1
vao dy qun s cp, trong dy qun s cp co dong
in i
1
chay qua. Nu pha th cp co tai th trong dy qun th cp se co dong
in i
2
chay qua. Cac dong in i
1
va i
2
se tao nn st s cp i
1
N
1
va st th cp
i
2
N
2
. Phn ln t thng do hai st i
1
N
1
va i
2
N
2
sinh ra c khep mach qua loi thep
moc vong vi ca dy qun s cp va th cp c goi la t thng chnh . T
thng chnh gy nn trong cac dy qun s cp va th cp nhng s e
1
va e
2

nh a bit chng 2 nh sau :
Hnh 3.1 Iu Ihcng mLc mcI phc hci ccy ucn

u
2
u
1
i
1
+
_
_

Z
t
+

t2

t1
i
2
2
dt
d
dt
d
N e
1
1 1

=

= ; (3.1a)
dt
d
dt
d
N e
2
2 2

=

= . (3.1b)
trong o
1
= N
1
va
2
= N
2
la t thng moc vong vi dy qun s cp va th
cp ng vi t thng chnh .
Ngoai t thng chnh chay trong loi thep, trong mba cac st i
1
N
1
va i
2
N
2
con
sinh ra t thng tan
t1
va
t2
. T thng tan khng chay trong loi thep ma moc
vong vi khng gian khng phai vt liu st t nh du bin ap, vt liu cach in
... Vt liu ny co t thm be, do o t thng tan nho hn rt nhiu so vi t
thng chnh va t thng tan moc vong vi dy qun sinh ra no. T thng tan
t1

do dong in s cp i
1
gy ra va t thng tan
t2
do dong in th cp i
2
gy ra.
Cac t thng tan
t1
va
t2
bin thin theo thi gian nn cung cam ng trong dy
qun s cp s tan e
t1
va th cp s tan e
t2
, ma tr s tc thi la:
dt
d
dt
d
N e
1 t 1 t
1 1 t

=

= ; (3.2a)
dt
d
dt
d
N e
2 t 2 t
2 2 t

=

= . (3.2b)
Trong o: la t thng tan moc vong vi dy qun s cp;
la t thng tan moc vong vi dy qun th cp.
1 t 1 1 t
N =
2 t 2 2 t
N =
Do t thng tan moc vong vi khng gian khng phai vt liu st t nn t l
vi dong in sinh ra no :
; (3.3a)
1 1 t 1 t
i L =
2 2 t 2 t
i L = (3.3b)
Trong o: L
t1
va L
t2
la in cam tan cua dy qun s cp va th cp.
Th (3.3) vao (3.2a,b), ta co:

dt
di
L e
t t
1
1 1
= (3.4a)
dt
di
L e
t t
2
2 2
= (3.4b)
Biu din (3.4) di dang phc s :

1 1 1 1 t 1 t
I jx I L j E
& & &
= = ; (3.5a)
2 2 2 2 t 2 t
I jx I L j E
& & &
= = (3.5b)
trong o: x
1
= L
t1
la in khang tan cua dy qun s cp,
x
2
= L
t2
la in khang tan cua dy qun th cp.
3
1. Fhuong trnh cn bng d|n op dy qun so cp :
Xet mach in s cp gm ngun in ap u
1
, sc in ng e
1
, s tan cua dy
qun s cp e
t1
, in tr dy qun s cp r
1
. Ap dung nh lut Kirchhoff 2 ta co
phng trnh in ap s cp vit di dang tr s tc thi la:
u
1
= - e
1
- e
t1
+ r
1
i
1
(3.6a)
Biu din (3.6) di dang s phc:

1 1 1 t 1 1
I r E E U
& & & &
+ = (3.6b)
Thay (3.5a) vao (3.6b), ta co :

1 1 1 1 1 1
I r I jx E U
& & & &
+ + =

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I Z E I ) jx r ( E U
& & & & &
+ = + + = (3.7)
trong o: Z
1
= r
1
+ jx
1
la tng tr phc cua dy qun s cp.
Con la in ap ri trn dy qun s cp.
1 1
I Z
&
2. Fhuong trnh cn bng d|n op dy qun thu cp
Mach in th cp gm sc in ng e
2
, sc in ng tan dy qun th cp
e
t2
, in tr dy qun th cp r
2
, in ap hai u cua dy qun th cp la u
2
. Ap
dung nh lut Kirchhoff 2 ta co phng trnh in ap th cp vit di dang tr s
tc thi la:
u
2
= e
2
+ e
t2
- r
2
i
2
(3.8a)
Biu din (3.8) di dang s phc:

2 2 2 t 2 2
I r E E U
& & & &
+ = (3.8b)
Thay (3.5b) vao (3.8b), ta co :
2 2 2 2 2 2
I r I jx E U
& & & &
= (3.9)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
I Z E I ) jx r ( E U
& & & & &
= + = (3.10)
trong o Z
2
= r
2
+ jx
2
la tng tr phc cua dy qun th cp.
Con la in ap ri trn dy qun th cp.
2 2
I Z
&
Mt khac ta co: (3.11)
2 t 2
I Z U
& &
=
3.1.2. Fhuong trnh cn bng dong d|n
nh lut Ohm t (0.6), ap dung vao mach t (hnh 3.1) cho ta:
N
1
i
1
- N
2
i
2
= R

(3.12)
Trong biu thc (3.7), thng nn E
1 1 1
E I Z
& &
<<
1
U
1
. Vy theo cng thc
(2.6) t thng cc ai trong loi thep:

1
1
m
fN 44 , 4
U
= (3.13)
y U
1
= U
1m
, tc la U
1
khng i, theo (3.13) t thng
m
cung khng i.
Do o v phai cua (3.12) khng phu thuc dong i
1
va i
2
, ngha la khng phu thuc
4
ch lam vic cua mba. c bit trong ch khng tai dong i
2
= 0 va i
1
= i
0
la
dong in khng tai s cp. Ta suy ra:
N
1
i
1
+ N
2
i
2
= N
1
i
0
(3.14)
Hay: (3.15)
0 1 2 2 1 1
I N I N I N
& & &
= +
Chia hai v cho N
1
va chuyn v, ta co:
) I ( I )
N
N
I ( I I
'
2 0
1
2
2 0 1
& & & & &
+ = + = (3.16)
trong o:
k
I
I
2 '
2
&
&
= la dong in th cp qui i v pha s cp, con k =
2
1
N
N
.
T (3.16) ta thy rng: dong in s cp gm hai thanh phn, thanh phn
dong in khng i dung tao ra t thng chnh trong loi thep mba, thanh
phn dong in dung bu lai dong in th cp , tc la cung cp cho tai.
Khi tai tng th dong in tng, nn tng va dong in cung tng ln.
1
I
&
0
I
&
2
' I
&
2
I
&
2
I
&
2
' I
&
1
I
&
Tom lai, m hnh toan cua mba nh sau:
(3.17a)
1 1 1 1
I Z E U
& & &
+ =
(3.17b)
2 2 2 2
I Z E U
& & &
=
'
2 0 1
I I I
& & &
+ = (3.17c)
3.2. MACH DIN THAY TH CUA MAY BIN AP
c trng va tnh toan cac qua trnh nng lng xay ra trong mba, ngi ta
thay mach in va mach t cua mba bng mt mach in tng ng gm cac
in tr va in khang c trng cho mba goi la mach in thay th mba.









Trn hnh 3.2a trnh bay MBA ma tn hao trong dy qun va t thng tan
c c trng bng in tr R va in cam L mc ni tip vi dy qun s va th
cp. co th ni trc tip mach s cp va th cp vi nhau thanh mt mach in,
L
1t
i
2
r
2

u
2
u
1
i
1
r
1
(a)
L
2t
Z
t
e
1
e
2
+

+

+

Hnh 3-2. M8/ khcng Iu Ihcng Icn vc Icn hcc Ircng ccy ucn

5
cac dy qun s cp va th cp phai co cung mt cp in ap. Trn thc t, in ap
cua cac dy qun o lai khac nhau. V vy phai qui di mt trong hai dy qun v
dy qun kia cho chung co cung mt cp in ap. Mun vy hai dy qun phai
co s vong dy nh nhau. Thng ngi ta qui i dy qun th cp v dy qun
s cp, ngha la coi dy qun th cp co s vong dy bng s vong dy cua dy
qun s cp. Vic qui i ch thun tin cho vic nghin cu va tnh toan mba,
v vy yu cu cua vic qui i la qua trnh vt ly va nng lng xay ra trong may
mba trc va sau khi qui i la khng i.
3.2.1. Qu| d| coc do| |uong thu cp v so cp.
Nhn phng trnh (3.15b) vi k, ta co:

k
I
) Z k (
k
I
) Z k ( E k U k
2
t
2 2
2
2
2 2
& &
& &
= = (3.18)
t : (3.19)
2
'
2
E k E
& &
=
(3.20)
2
'
2
U k U
& &
=
(3.21) k / I I
2
'
2
& &
=
; ; (3.22)
2
2 '
2
Z k Z =
2
2 '
2
r k r =
2
2 '
2
x k x =
; ; (3.23)
t
2 '
t
Z k Z =
t
2 '
t
r k r =
t
2 '
t
x k x =
Phng trnh (3.12b) vit lai thanh:
(3.24)
'
2
'
t
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
I Z I Z E U
& & & &
= =
Trong o: , , , , tng ng la s, in ap, dong in, tng tr
dy qun va tng tr tai th cp qui i v s cp.
'
2
E
&
'
2
U
&
'
2
I
&
'
2
Z
'
t
Z
Tom lai m hnh toan mba sau khi qui i la :
(3.25a)
1 1 1 1
I Z E U
& & &
+ =
(3.25b)
2
'
t
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
I Z I Z E U
& & & &
= =
) I ( I I
'
2 0 1
& & &
+ = (3.25c)
3.2.2. Moch d|n thoy th chnh xoc cuo M8A.
Da vao h phng trnh qui i (3.25a,b,c) ta suy ra mt mach in tng
ng goi la mach in thay th cua MBA nh trnh bay trn hnh 3.3.
Xet phng trnh (3.23a), v phai phng trnh co Z
1 1
I
&
la in ap ri trn tng tr
dy qun s cp Z
1
va la in ap ri trn tng tr Z
1
E
&

m
, c trng cho t thng
chnh va tn hao st t. T thng chnh do dong in khng tai sinh ra, do o ta co
th vit :
6

0 0 1
I Z I ) jx r ( E
m m m
& & &
= + = (3.26)
trong o: Z
m
= r
m
+ jx
m
la tng tr t hoa c trng cho mach t.
r
m
la in tr t hoa c trng cho tn hao st t.
p
Fe
= r
m
2
0
I (3.27)
x
m
la in khang t hoa c trng cho t thng chnh .


Hnh 3-3. Mcch cien Ihcy Ihe cuc M8/ mcI phc hci ccy ucn

2
' U
&
1
U
&
1
I
&
x
1
r
1
) I (
'
2
&

x
2
r
2
Z
t
+

+

o
I
&
r
m
x
m
1
E
&
+

3.2.3. Moch d|n thoy th gn dung cuo M8A.
Trn thc t thng tng tr nhanh t hoa rt ln (Z
m
>> Z
1
va Z
2
), do o
trong nhiu trng hp co th bo qua nhanh t hoa (Z
m
= ) va thanh lp lai s
thay th gn ung trnh bay trn hnh 3.3a.
Khi bo qua tng tr nhanh t hoa, ta co:
Z
n
= Z
1
+ Z
2
= r
n
+ jx
n
(3.28)
Trong o Z
n
= r
n
+ jx
n
la tng tr ngn mach cua mba; r
n
= r
1
+ r
2
la in tr ngn
mach cua mba; x
n
= x
1
+ x
2
la in khang ngn mach cua mba.
Trong MBA thng r
n
<< x
n
, nn co th bo qua in tr ngn mach (r
n
= 0).
Trong trng hp nay mach in thay th MBA trnh bay trn hnh 3.3b.

Hnh 3-3. Mcch cien Iucng cucng gcn cung cuc M8/ mcI phc hci ccy ucn

1
U
&

1
I
&

(a)
jx
n r
n
'
2
U
&

'
2
I
&
Z
t
1
U
&
1
I
&
(b)
jx
n
'
2
U
&

'
2
I
&

Z
t







7
3.3. D THJ VECTO CUA MAY BIN AP
Ve th vect cua mba nhm muc ch thy ro quan h v tr s va goc lch
pha gia cac ai lng vt ly , , , ... trong MBA, ng thi thy ro c
s thay i cac ai lng vt ly o cac ch lam vic khac nhau.

&
U
&
I
&


Hnh 3-4 c Ih vecIcr cuc mcy Lien cp
c, Ici I|nh ccm: L. Ici I|nh cung
1
E
&

1
E
&

1
U
&

1 1
I r
&

&

0
I
&

1
I
&

'
2
I
&

'
2
I
&

1 1
I jx
&

1
'
2
'
2
I jx
&

'
2
'
2
I r
&

'
2
U
&

1 1
I Z
&


1
E
&

1
E
&

1
U
&
1 1
I r
&

&

0
I
&

1
I
&
'
2
I
&

'
2
I
&

1 1
I jx
&

1
'
2
'
2
I jx
&

'
2
'
2
I r
&

'
2
U
&
1 1
I Z
&
'
2
'
2
I Z
&

Hnh 3-4a la th vect mba trong trng hp phu tai co tnh cht in cam.
th vect c ve da vao cac phng trnh cn bng in ap va st cua MBA.
Cach ve th vect nh sau :
+ t vect t thng theo chiu dng truc hoanh truc hoanh.
m

&
+ Ve vect dong in khng tai ,vt trc mt goc .
0
I
&
m

&
+ Ve cac vect s va do sinh ra, chm sau no mt goc 90
1
E
&
1
'
2
E E
& &
=
m

&
o
.
+ Do tai co tnh in cam nn dong in chm sau mt goc
'
2
I
&
'
2
E
&
2
.

'
t
'
2
'
t
'
2
2
r r
x x
arctg
+
+
= (3.29)
+ Theo phng trnh (3.25c), ta ve vect dong in bng vect dong in
cng vi vect dong in .
1
I
&
0
I
&
) I (
'
2
&

+ Ve cac vect khac da vao cac phng trnh cn bng (3.25a,b).

th vect mba khi phu tai co tnh dung ve tng t, nhng dong in
vt trc mt goc
'
2
I
&
'
2
E
&
2
(hnh 3-4b).
8
D thj vecto don gian mba
Hnh 3-5 c Ih vecIc ccn gicn mLc
1
U
&
1 n
I r
&

'
2 1
I I
& &
=
1 n
I jx
&

2
) U (
'
2
&

3-5
o
1 n
I Z
&
x

2
1
U
&
r
1
r

2
r
m
x
1
x
m
0 1
I I
& &
=
0
I
&
Hnh 3-. Sc cc Ihcy Ihe mLc khi khcng Ici

0 I
2
=
&
'
=
& & &
+ =
Trong s thay th gn ung (hnh 3-
3a), ta cho la dong in
&
, nn :
&
. 0 I
o
=
2 1
I I
&
Phng trnh cn bng in ap :
U (3.30)
n 1
'
2 1
Z I U
Ta ve c th vector tng ng khi
phu tai co tnh cam nh hnh 3.5.

3.4. XAC DJNH CAC THAM S CUA MAY BIN AP
Cac tham s cua MBA co th xac nh bng th nghim hoc bng tnh toan.
3.4.1. Xoc d|nh coc thom s bng th ngh|m
Hai th nghim dung xac nh cac tham s la th nghim khng tai va th
nghim ngn mach.
1. Thi nghim khng tai mba.
Ch khng tai mba la ch ma th cp h mach (I
2
= 0), con s cp c
cung cp bi mt in ap U
1
. Trn hnh 3.6 la mach in thay th may bin ap khi
khng tai.


1
E
&

V
W A
Hnh 3-7. Sc cc Ih| nghiem khcng Ici
V



Khi khng tai (hinh 3.6) dong in th cp I
2
= 0, ta co phng trnh la:
(3.31a)
1 0 1 1
Z I E U
& & &
+ =
hoc (3.31b)
0 0 1 0 1
Z I ) Z Z ( I U
m
& & &
= + =
trong o: Z
0
= Z
1
+ Z
m
= r
o
+ jx
o
la tng tr khng cua tai mba;
r
o
= r
1
+ r
m
la in tr khng cua tai mba;
x
o
= x
1
+ x
m
la in khang khng cua tai mba;
9
xac nh h s bin ap k, tn hao st t trong loi thep p
Fe
, va cac thng s
cua mba ch khng tai, ta th nghim khng tai. S ni dy th nghim
khng tai nh trn hnh 3.7. t in ap U
1
= U
1m
vao dy qun s cp, th cp
h mach, cac dung cu o cho ta cac s liu sau: oat k W o c P
0
la cng sut
khng tai; Ampe k o I
0
la dong in khng tai; con vn k ni pha s cp va th
cp ln lc o U
1m


va U
20
la in ap s cp va th cp.
T cac s liu o c, ta tnh :
a) T s bin ap k:
'
2 1
E E
& &
=
1
E
&

1
U
&
o 1
I r
&

&

0
I
&

o 1
I jx
&

o
o 1
I Z
&

Hnh 3.8 c Ih vecIc cuc
M8/ khcng Ici
20
m 1
2
1
2
1
U
U
E
E
N
N
k = = (3.32)
b) Dong in khng tai phn trm
% 10 % 1 100
I
I
% i
dm 1
0
0
= = (3.33)
c) Tng tr nhanh t hoa
+ in tr khng tai :
r
o
=
2
o
o
m 1
I
P
r r = + (3.34)
in tr t hoa r
m
>> r
1
nn ly gn ung bng:
r
m
= r
0
(3.35)
+ Tng tr khng tai :

0
dm 1
0
I
U
Z = (3.36)
+ in khang khng tai :

2
0
2
0 m 1 0
r Z x x x = + = (3.37)
in khang t hoa x
m
>> x
1
nn ly gn ung bng:
x
m
= x
0
(3.38)
d) Tn hao khng tai
T mach in thay th hnh 3.6, ta thy tn hao khng tai la tn hao ng trn
dy qun s va tn hao st trong loi thep. Nh vy tn hao khng tai :
P
0
= r
m
I
o
2
+ r
1
I
0
2
p
Fe
(3. 39)
Do in tr cua dy qun s va dong in khng tai nho nn ta bo qua tn hao
ng trn dy qun s luc khng tai. Nh vy t hao khng tai P
o
thc t co th
xem la tn hao st p
Fe
do t tr va dong in xoay trong loi thep gy nn.
10
V in ap t vao dy qun s khng i, nn , do o B cung khng i,
ngha la tn hao st, tc tn hao khng tai khng i.
e) H s cng sut khng tai.
0 dm 1
0
0
I U
P
cos = ( 0,1) (3.40)
T th vect MBA khng tai hnh (3.8), ta thy goc lc pha gia va
la
1
U
&
o
I
&
o
90
o
, ngha la h s cng sut luc khng tai rt thp, thng cos
o
0,1.
iu nay co y ngha thc t rt ln la khng nn MBA lam vic khng tai hoc
non tai, v luc o se lam xu h s cng sut cua li in.
2. Thi nghim ngn mach mba
Ch ngn mach mba la ch ma pha th cp b ni tt, s cp t vao
mt in ap U
1
. Trong vn hanh, nhiu nguyn nhn lam may bin ap b ngn
mach nh hai dy dn pha th cp chp vao nhau, ri xung t hoc ni vi nhau
bng tng tr rt nho. y la tnh trang ngn mach s c, cn tranh.

1
U
&

r
n
x
n
n
I I
& &
=
1
Hnh 3.8 Mcch cien Ihcy
Ihe m.L.c khi ngcn mcch

A
W A
Hnh 3. Sc cc Ih| nghiem ngcn mcch
V
I
2m
I
1m
U
n
P
n
B
iu
chnh
in
ap

U
1







Khi m.b.a ngn mach U
2
= 0, mach in thay th m.b.a ve trn hnh 3.8.
Dong in s cp la dong in ngn mach I
n
.
Phng trnh in ap cua mba ngn mach:

n n n n n n 1
Z I I ) jx r ( I U
& & & &
= + = (3.41)
T phng trnh (3.41), ta co dong in ngn mach khi U
1
= U
m
:

n
m
n
Z
U
I = (3.42)
hay
% u
100 I
100
100
U
I z
I
100
100
I
I
z
U
I
n
m
m
m n
m
m
m
n
m
n

= = = (3.43)
Do tng tr ngn mach rt nho nn dong in ngn mach rt ln khoang bng
(10 25)I
m
. y la trng hp s c, rt nguy him cho may bin ap. Khi s dung
mba cn tranh tnh trang ngn mach ny.
11
Tin hanh thi nghim NM nhu sau: Dy qun th cp ni ngn mach, dy
qun s cp ni vi ngun qua b iu chnh in ap. Ta iu chnh in ap vao
dy qun s cp sao cho dong in trong cac dy qun bng nh mc. in ap o
goi la in ap ngn mach U
n
. Luc o cac dung cu o cho ta cac s liu sau: Vn k
ch U
n
la in ap ngn mach; oat k ch P
n
la tn hao ngn mach; Ampe k ch I
1m

va I
2m
la dong in s cp va th cp nh mc. T cac s liu o c, ta tnh :
a) Tn hao ngn mach
Luc th nghim ngn mach, in ap ngn mach U
n
nho (u
n
= 4-15%U
m
) nn t
thng nho, co th bo qua tn hao st t. Cng sut o c trong th nghim
ngn mach P
n
la :
P
n
= r
n
I
n
2

= r
1
I
2
1m
+ r
2
I
2
2m
(3.44)
Nh vy tn hao ngn mach chnh la tn hao ng trn hai dy qun s cp va
dy qun th cp khi tai nh mc.
b) Tng tr, in tr va in khang ngn mach.
+ Tng tr ngn mach:
Z
n
=
m 1
n
I
U
(3.45)
+ in tr ngn mach:
r
n
= r
1
+ r
2
=
2
1m
n
I
P
(3.46)
+ in khang ngn mach:
x
n
= x
1
+ x
2
=
2
n
2
n
r Z (3.47)
Trong m.b.a thng r
1
= r
2
va x
1
= x
2
. Vy in tr va in khang tan cua dy
qun s cp:
r
1
= r
2
=
2
r
n

(3.48)
x
1
= x
2
=
2
x
n

va in tr va in khang tan cua dy qun th cp:
r
2
=
2
'
2
k
r
; x
2
=
2
'
2
k
x
(3.49)
c) H s cng sut ngn mach
n
n
m 1 m
n
n
Z
r
I U
P
cos = = (3.50)
d) in ap ngn mach
12
in ap ngn mach phn trm:
U
n
% = % 100
U
U
% 100
U
I Z
1
n
1
1 n
m m
m
= (3.51)
in ap ngn mach U
n
gm hai thanh phn: Thanh phn trn in tr r
n
, goi la
in ap ngn mach tac dung , Thanh phn trn in khang x
nr
U
n
, goi la in ap
ngn mach phan khang .
nx
U
+ in ap ngn mach tac dung phn trm:
u
nr
% =
n n
m 1
nr
m 1
m 1 n
cos % u % 100
U
U
% 100
U
I r
= = (3.52)
+ in ap ngn mach phan khang phn trm:
u
nx
% =
n nx
m 1
nx
m 1
m 1 n
sin % u % 100
U
U
% 100
U
I x
= = (3.53)
in ap ngn mach tac dung cung co th tnh :

) kVA ( S . 10
) W ( P
100
I
I
U
r I
100
U
U
% u
m
n
m
m
m
n m
m
nr
nr
= = = (3.54)
3.4.2. Xoc d|nh coc thom s bng tnh toon
1. Tng tro nhanh tu hoa
in tr nhanh t hoa :

2
0
Fe
m
I
P
r = (3.55)
vi W ;
50
f
) G B G B ( p p
3 , 1
g
2
g t
2
t 50 / 1 Fe

+ = va
2
ox
2
or o
I I I + = (3.56)
in khang nhanh t hoa :

x 0
1
m
I
E
x = (3.57)
vi
1
g g . t t t . t
1
0
x 0
mU
S nq G q G q
mU
Q
I

+ +
= = (3.58)
2. Tng tro ngn mach
in tr ngn mach
= ,
S
l N
k r
1
1 . tb 1
75 r 1
0 ; = ,
S
l N
k r
2
2 . tb 2
75 r 2
0 (3.59)
13

2
2
2
1
1 n
r )
N
N
( r r + = (3.60)
k
r
: h s lam tng tn hao do t trng tan

75
: in tr sut cua dy dn lam dy qun.
in khang ngn mach
Vic xac nh x
1
va x
2
lin quan n vic xac nh s phn b t trng tan
cua tng dy qun. dy ta xac nh x
1
va x
2
gn ung vi gia thit n gian.
Xet cho trng hp dy qun hnh tru (hnh 3-8). Chiu dai tnh toan cua dy
qun l

ln hn chiu dai thc l cua dy qun mt t :

R
k
l
l =

(3.61)
i
2
N
2
i
1
N
1
i
2
N
2
i
1
N
1
a
1
a
12
a
2
H
x3 H
x1
H
x2
H
x
x
Hnh 3-10 Iu Ihcng Icn

k
R
= 0,93-0,98 : h s qui i t trng tan ly
tng v t trng tan thc t (h s Rogovski)
Theo nh lut toan dong in :

= i Hdl
i vi thep =
Fe
, nn H
Fe
= 0, v vy :
Trong pham vi a
1
(0 x a
1
) :
,
a
x
i N i l H
1
1 1 1 x
= =

do o ,
a
x
l
i N
H
1
1 1
1 x
=

Trong pham vi a
12
(a
1
x a
1
+a
12
) :
, i N Ni l H
1 1 2 x
= =

do o ,
l
i N
H
1 1
2 x

=
Trong pham vi a
2
( a
1
+ a
12
x a
1
+ a
12
+ a
2
) :
,
a
) a a ( x
i N i N i l H
2
12 1
2 2 1 1 3 x
+
+ = =

, i N
a
a a x
i N
1 1
2
12 1
1 1

= vi (i
1
N
1
= -i
2
N
2
)
do o ,
a
x a a a
l
i N
H
2
2 12 1 1 1
3 x
+ +
=

Xac nh bin gii t thng tan cua hai dy qun se rt kho khn, do o vic
tnh toan ring re cac tham s x
1
va x
2
khng th thc hin c. Ta co th xac
14
nh x
1
+ x
2
vi qui c bin gii phn chia t trng tan cua hai ng dy s cp va
th cp la ng gia khe h a
12
.
Goi D
tb
la ng knh trung bnh cua ca hai dy qun va bo qua s thay i
ng knh theo chiu x th vi phn t thng cach x mt khoang trong pham vi a
1
:
dx D H d
tb 1 x o 1
=
moc vong vi s vong dy :

1
1
x
N
a
X
N =
Vy trong pham vi a
12
t thng moc vong vi mt s vong dy la N
1
vong :
dx D H d
tb 2 x o 2
=
T thng moc vong vi toan b dy qun 1 la :
dx D
l
i N
N dx D
a
x
l
i N
N
a
x
tb
2
a
a
a
1 1
o 1 tb
1
a
0
1 1
o 1
1
1
12
1
1
1
+ =

+


)
2
a
3
a
(
l
D i N
12 1 tb 1
2
1 o
+

=

Tnh tng t, ta co t thng moc vong vi toan b dy qun 2 la :
)
2
a
3
a
(
l
D i N
12 2 tb 1
2
1 o '
2
+

=

in khang ngn mach :

1
'
2 1
2 1 n
i
f 2 ' x x x
+
= + =
x
n
)
3
a a
a (
l
k D i N
f 2
2 1
12
R tb 1
2
1 o
+
+

= (3.62)
Ta thy x
n
phu thuc vao kch thc hnh hoc cua cac dy qun a
1
, a
2
, a
12
va l.
Kch thc nay c chon sao cho gia thanh cua may la thp nht.