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o| Hoc o Nng - Iruong o| hoc 8och Khoo


Khoo |n - Nhom Chuyn mn |n Cng Ngh|p
G|oo trnh MAY IN 1
8|n soon: 8u| In Lo|


Phn II NHNG VN CHUNG
CUA MAY IN XOAY CHIU




Chuong 8
MACH I0 LbC KHONG IAI

8.1. AI CNG.
T trng trong may in la sinh ra s va mmen in t. Trong hu ht
may in hin nay, t trng luc khng tai u do dong in mt chiu chay qua
dy qun kch thch t trn cc t sinh ra.
Muc ch cua vic nghin cu mach t luc khng tai cua may in mt chiu
hay cac may in khac nh may in khng ng b, may in ng b ... la xac
nh st cn thit tao ra t thng khe h u sinh ra trong dy qun phn
ng mt s va mmen in t theo yu cu thit k. Trong chng ny se trnh
bay cach tnh toan cu th mach t may in mt chiu. Phng phap ny co tnh
tng quat nn cung co th ng dung tnh toan mach t cua cac loai may in
quay khac.
11.1.1. Iu truong chnh vo tu truong ton.
Hnh 8.1 Xcc cnh Iu Irucng mcy cien mcI chieu
Trong may in, cac cc t co
cc tnh khac nhau c b tr xen
ke nhau. T thng i t cc bc N
qua khe h va vao phn ng ri tr
v hai cc nam N nm k bn. T
hnh 8.1 ta thy, ai b phn t
thng di mi cc t i qua khe h
vao phn ng, co mt phn rt nho
2
t thng khng qua phn ng ma trc tip qua cac cc t bn canh, gng t, np
may ... Phn t thng i vao phn ng goi la t thng chnh hay t thng khe h

0
. T thng ny cam ng s trong dy qun khi phn ng quay va tac dung vi
dong in trong dy qun sinh ra momen. y la phn chu yu cua t thng cc
t
C
.
Phn t thng khng i qua phn ng goi la t thng tan

. No khng cam
ng s va sinh ra mmen trong phn ng song no vn tn tai lam cho bao hoa
t cua cc t va gng t tng ln.
Vy t thng cua cc t bng:

0
0
0 0 c
) 1 ( =

+ = + =

(8.1)
trong o
0
1

+ =

h s tan t cua cc t chnh. Thng = 1,15 1,28.
11.1.2. Std cn th|t d s|nh ro tu thng.
Cn phai co st F
0
sinh ra t thng chnh
0
. St ny do s ampe vong trn
i cc t cua may in sinh ra. Theo nh lut toan dong in, ta co:


=
L
Wi Hdl
Ap dung nh lut ny vao mt i cc t cua may (hnh 8.1), ta co:


= = l . H Wi F
0

= 2H

+ 2H
r
.h
r
+ H

.l

+ 2H
c.
l
c
+ H
g
l
g
.
= F

+ F
r
+ F

+ F
c
+ F
g
(8.2)
trong o, cac ch nho , r, , c, g ch khe h, rng, phn ng, cc t va gng t; h -
ch chiu cao va l - ch chiu dai.
Cng t trng c tnh theo cng thc:

=
B
H (8.3)
trong o:
S
B

= t cam trn cac oan
mach t. Con , S va ln lc la
t thng, tit din va h s t thm
cua cac oan mach t. Trong khng
kh = 4.10
-7
H/m, con trong loi
thep th khng phai la hng s, v
vy tm trc tip H theo ng cong t hoa cua vt liu B = f(H).
Hnh 8.2 Xcc cnh :Ic Ircng mcy cien mcI chieu

3
8.2. TNH ST KHE H F


St khe h bng:

=

k B
2
F
0
(8.4)
trong o:

o
= 4.10
-7
H/m h s t thm cua khng kh;
B

t cam khe h khng kh ng vi t thng chnh


0
nao o : (theo
bang).

=
l
B
0
(8.5)
vi:

la h s tnh toan cua cunh cc t;

= b
c
/ = 0,62-0,72.
la bc cc t.
l

la chiu dai tnh toan cua phn ng.


) ( , l l 5 0 l
t
=

(8.6)
l
t
- chiu dai cc t theo truc.
l - chiu dai loi st phn ng khng tnh ranh thng gio.
l = l
1
- n
g
.b
g
(8.7)
Con l
1
chiu dai thc loi st; n
g
,b
g
s ranh va b rng ranh thng gio
k

h s khe h lin quan n rng ranh, co th tnh theo cng thc sau:

+
+
=

10 b
10 t
k
1 r
1
(8.8)
vi t
1
va b
r1
la bc rng va b rng cua nh rng.
8.3. TNH ST RNG F
Z

Tnh chnh xac:
Tnh gn ung:
T cam tnh toan cua rng B
rx
cao x cua rng co th tnh nh sau:

c 1 rx
1
rx
t
rx
k l b
t l B
S
B

=

= (8.9)
t
1
x
b
Zx
b
Z2
b
rx
b
r2
1

2

3

h
Z

Hnh 8.3 Xcc cnh :Ic rcng

trong o:

t
= B

t
1
t thng i qua mt bc rng t
1
.
l

, l
1
- chiu dai tnh toan va chiu dai thc
cua loi st.
b
rx
- chiu rng cua rng cao x.
k
c
- h s ep cht.
t
1
- bc rng cua phn ng.
Trong thc t tnh toan st rng, ch cn
4
tnh H ba im trn chiu cao cua rng tit din trn, gia va di cua no la
H
r1
, H
r.tb
, H
r2
.
Tr s tnh toan cua cng t trng trung bnh:
) H H 4 H (
6
1
H
2 r tb . r 1 r r
+ + = (8.10)
St rng i vi mt i cc t bng:
F
r
= 2H
r
h
r
(8.11)
Thng n gian hn, ta ch xac nh t cam B va cng t trng H
tit din cach chn rng la h
z
/3 lam tr s trung bnh tnh toan, ta co:

r
3
1
z
r
h H 2 F = (8.12)
8.4. TNH ST LNG PHN NG
T cam lng phn ng:

c 1
o

k l h 2 S
B

=

= (8.13)
trong o:

=
0
/2 t thng phn ng.
S

= h

l
1
k
c
tit din lng phn ng.
h

chiu cao phn ng.


T B ta tm c H theo ng cong t hoa B = f(H).
St trn lng phn ng:
F

= H

(8.14)
8.5. TNH ST TRN CC T VA GNG T
T thng di cc t:

c
=
0

t
(8.15)
T thng trong gng t:

g
=
2
1

c
=
2
1

t
(8.16)
T cam cc t va gng t:

c
c
c
S
B

= va
g
c
g
S 2
B

= (8.17)
trong o: S
c
, S
g
la tit din cc t va gng t.
T ng cong t hoa cua vt liu ch tao cc t va gng t, ta tm c cng
t trng cc t H
c
va gng t H
g
.
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St trn cc t va gng t:
F
c
= 2H
c
h
c
va F
g
= H
g
l
g
(8.18)
Trong o: h
c
chiu cao cc t ; l
g
chiu dai trung bnh cua gng t.
8.6. NG CONG T HOA
Mun co t thng
0
cn co st kch t F
0
. Quan h
0
= f(F
0
) la quan h cua
ng cong t hoa cua may in (hnh 8.4).
Do s luc khng tai E
0
t l thun vi t thng
0
va dong in kch t I
t
t l
thun vi st F
0
, nn dang cua ng cong t hoa
0
= f(F
0
) cung chnh la dang
cua c tnh khng tai.
Khi t thng tng ln loi st bao hoa, nn ng cong t hoa nghing v bn
phai. Keo dai phn ng thng
cua ng cong t hoa ta c
quan h
0
= f(F

). Khi
0
=
0

nh mc th st khe h bng
oan ab con oan bc la s.t.
ri trn cac phn st cua mach
t.
a
b c
0
F

0
F
0
F

Hnh 8.4 ucng Iu hcc cuc mcy cien mcI chieu

Lp t s:

ab
ac
F
F
k
o
= =

(8.19)
k

- h s bao hoa cua mach t,


thng bng t 1,11,35.

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