1

o| Hoc o Nng - Iruong o| hoc 8och Khoo

Khoo |n - Nhom Chuyn mn |n Cng Ngh|p
G|oo trnh MAY IN 1
8|n soon: 8u| In Lo|




Chuong
DY QbN MAY IN XOAY CHIb


9.1. KHAI NIM CHUNG
Dy qun cua may in quay c b tr hai bn khe h trn loi thep cua
phn tnh hoc cua phn quay. No la b phn chnh thc hin s bin i nng
lng c in trong may. Mt cach tng quat co th chia dy qun may in quay
ra lam hai loai : dy qun phn cam (dy qun kch t ); dy qun phn ng.
Dy qun phn cam co nhim vu sinh ra t trng khe h luc khng tai. T
trng nay trong cac may in quay thng co cc tnh thay i (hinh 9.1 va 9.2),
ngha la b tr cc N va S xen ke nhau.













Dy qun phn ng co nhim vu cam ng c mt s nht nh khi co
chuyn ng tng i trong t trng khe h va tao ra st cn thit cho s bin
i nng lng c in. Ro rang rng nu t trng khe h co cc tnh thay i th
s cam ng la s xoay chiu.
N
N
S S
Stator
Rotor
S N S N
Hnh .1 Dcy ucn k|ch Iu ucn Icp Irung cuc mcy cien ccng Lc
2











Nu cac cc t N va S xen ke nhau quanh khe h, dy qun phn ng c
hnh thanh t t hp cac
bi dy (phn t) vi
nhau. Mi bi dy cua
dy qun xp (hnh
9.3a) hoc dy qun
song (hnh 9.3b) gm
co N vong dy. Cac
phn ab, cd c t
trong ranh cua loi thep
goi la cac canh tac
dung, con ad, bc nm
ngoai ranh goi la phn
u ni.

Yu cu cua dy qun:
N S
Hnh .2 Dcy ucn k|ch Iu ucn rci cuc mcy cien ccng Lc
N
S
Stator
Rotor
y
b
a
c
d
(a)
y
b
a
c
d
(b)
Hnh .3. 8ci ccy. c) Dcy ucn xep: L) Dcy ucn :cng
i vi dy kch t th tao ra t trng hnh sin khe h, con dy qun
phn ng am bao co s va dong in tng ng vi cng sut in t
cua may.
Kt cu dy qun phai n gian.
t tn nguyn vt liu.
B v c, in, nhit, hoa.
Lp rap va sa cha d dang.
3
.1.1. Coc do| |uong dc trung cuo dy qun moy d|n xooy ch|u
1. Bc cc:
Bc cc la khoang cach gia hai cc t lin tit nhau.

p 2
Z
= /s ranh/.
Trong o, Z la s ranh, 2p s cc t.
2. Bc dy qun y :
Bc dy qun y
1
la khoang cach gia hai canh tac dung cua mt phn t.
=
p 2
Z
y /s ranh/.
Vy y
1
phai la s nguyn. Co cac trng hp:
= = y 0 dy qun bc u.
> > y 0 dy qun bc dai.
< < y 0 dy qun bc ngn.
Mun co s cam ng trong phn t dy qun ln nht e
pt.max
th y =
3. Bc tng i :
Bc tng i la t s gia y va .

=
y

Trong o, = 1 dy qun bc u.
> 1 dy qun bc dai.
< 1 dy qun bc ngn.
4. S ranh cua mt pha di mt cc t :

p m
Z
q
2
= /s ranh/.
Trong o, m la s pha; con q co th la s nguyn, cung co th la phn s.
5. Goc in gia hai ranh canh nhau :

Z
. p
p / Z
360 360
= = / in/
6. Vung pha cua dy qun:
/ in/. = q
4
.1.2. Fhn |oo| dy qun moy d|n xooy ch|u:
1. Phn theo s lp trong ranh:
+ Dy qun mt
lp : Hnh 9.4 la dy qun
mt lp, trong mt ranh ch
t mt canh tac dung. Nh
vy s phn t cua dy
qun :
Hnh .4 Dcy ucn mcI |cp

2
Z
S =
trong o S la s phn t; Z
la s ranh.

+ Dy qun hai
lp: Hnh 9.5 la dy qun
hai lp, mt ranh t hai
canh tac dung cua hai phn
t khac nhau. Nh vy s
phn t :
Hnh .5 Dcy ucn hci |cp
Z S =
2. Phn theo s pha.
Dy qun
mt pha.
Dy qun hai pha.
Dy qun ba pha.
3. Phn theo bc dy qun.
Dy qun bc u.
Dy qun bc dai.
Dy qun bc ngn.
4. Phn theo cach ni cac phn t.
Dy qun xp.
Dy qun song.
5. Phn theo hnh dang phn t dy qun.
Dy qun ng khun.
Dy qun ng tm.
Dy qun phn tan ...
5
hiu ro cach ni cac phn t dy qun ta dung s khai trin. S khai
trin la s nhn c bng cach ct phn ng bng mt ng thng song song
vi truc may ri trai no ra trn mt mt phng.
9.2. DY QUN BA PHA CO q LA S NGUYN.
.2.1. Dy qun mt |op:
Xet s khai trin dy qun mt lp cua may in xoay chiu co s liu sau:
Z = 24; 2p = 4; m =3.
Ve hinh sao sdd cua cac ranh va phn tu:
+ Tnh cac ai lng c trng cua dy qun:

0
0 0
30
24
360 . 2
Z
360 p
= = = ( in)
2
2 . 3 . 2
24
mp 2
Z
q = = =
6
4
24
p 2
Z
= = =
6 y = =
( in)
0 0
60 2 . 30 q . = = =













(a) (b)
+ Ta thy:
Canh tac dung th 112 hnh thanh hnh sao s, cac tia lch pha nhau 30
0
,
i cc t th nht (hnh 9.6a).
Canh tac dung th 1324 hnh thanh hnh sao s, i cc t th hai, do co
v tr ging nhau trong t trng, nn hoan toan trung vi hnh sao cua i cc t
th nht.
Hnh . Hinh :cc :cc rcnh {c) vc phcn Iu {L)
6
c mt cung = 60
0
xac nh c vung pha, t o ta bit c canh tac
dung cua tng pha.
+ Cach ni dy qun: y = 6, va ni nh sau:
Pha A: (1-7), (2-8); (13-19), (14-20).
Pha B: (5-11), (6-12); (17-23), (18-24).
Pha C: (9-15), (10-16); (21-3), (22-4).
So d khai trin dy qun:














T s khai trin ta thy:
+ Mi pha co hai nhom phn t dy qun.
+ Mi nhom co q phn t dy qun.
+ Cac phn t cua mt nhom phai mc ni tip nhau.(Khng song song ?)
+ Cac nhom co th mc ni tip hoc mc song song phu thuc vao in
ap.
+ Dy qun gm cac phn t co kch thc ging nhau goi la dy qun
ng khun (hnh 8.6).
A
1
X
1
A
2
X
2
B
1
C
1

1



2



3



4



5

7

8

1
0

1
1

1
2

1
3

1
4

1
5

1

1
7

1
8

1

2
0

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
4
Hnh .7 Dcy ucn ccng khucn

Xac djnh sdd cua mt pha:
Cng cac vect thuc pha o lai.
Ta nhn thy rng tr s s cua mt pha khng phu thuc th t ni cac
canh tac dung thuc pha o. V du pha A co th ni cac canh tac dung theo th t
(1-8), (2-7) di i cc t th nht va (13-20), (14-19) di i cc t th hai.
Nh vy ta co th ni cac canh tac dung cua cac phn t cac pha theo th t sau:
Pha A: (1-8), (2-7); (13-20), (14-19).
Pha B: (5-12), (6-11); (17-24), (18-23).
Pha C: (9-16), (10-15); (21-4), (22-3).
7
Vi cach ni dy qun nh trn, ta co s khai trin dy qun hnh 9.8














T hnh 9.8, ta thy:
A
1
X
1
A
2
X
2
B
1
C
1

1



2



3



4



5

7

8

1
0

1
1

1
2

1
3

1
4

1
5

1

1
7

1
8

1

2
0

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
4
Hnh .8 Dcy ucn ccng Icm

Cac bi dy ging nh nhng vong tron ng tm goi la dy qun ng
tm.
y la dy qun d t ng hoa trong qua trnh t dy qun vao ranh.
Khi thc hin dy qun ng tm phai be phn u ni mi nhom ln
chung khng chng cheo nhau.
Cac kiu dy qun ng tm, ng khun goi la dy qun tp trung v cac
nhom phn t tp trung di cac cc t nht nh.









Co th ni cac canh tac dung cua cac phn t theo th t khac la (2-7), (8-13)
va (14-19), (20-1). Nh vy ta co th ni cac canh tac dung cua cac phn t cac
pha theo th t sau :
A

X

B

Hnh . Dcy ucn phcn Icn

1



2



3



4



5

7

8

1
0

1
1

1
2

1
3

1
4

1
5

1

1
7

1
8

1

2
0

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
4
8
Pha A: (2-7), (8-13); (14-19), (20-1).
Pha B: (6-11), (12-17); (18-23), (24-5).
Pha C: (10-15), (16-21); (22-3), (4-9).
Vi cach ni trn ta c s khai trin hinh 9.9 goi la dy qun phn tan.
.2.2. Dy qun ho| |op
Co hai loai : dy qun xp va dy qun song.
u im : Lam bc ngn cai thin dang song s.
Nhc im: Lng dy va sa cha kho khn.
a/ Dy qun xp:
Xet dq xp hai lp co: Z=24; 2p=4; m=3.
+ Tnh cac ai lng c trng cua dy qun:

0
0 0
30
24
360 2 360
= = =
.
Z
p
in
Hnh .10 Hinh :cc :cc rcnh
2
2 3 2
24
2
= = =
. . mp
Z
q
6
4
24
2
= = =
p
Z


6
5
5
1
1
=

= =
y
; y
in
0 0
60 2 . 30 q . = = =
+ Ve hnh sao s cac phn t.
T hnh sao s, ta thy:
Cac phn t lch pha nhau mt goc 30
0
. T hnh 9.10, ta thy :
+ Pha a co cac phn t: 1,2,7,8; 13,14,19,20.
+ Pha a co cac phn t: 5,6,11,12; 17,18,23,24.
+ Pha a co cac phn t: 9,10,15,16; 21,22,3,4.
Cach ni cac pha: y
1
= 5
Pha A: lp trn: 1 2 7 8 13 14 19 20
Lp di: 6 7 12 13 18 19 24 1
Pha B: lp trn: 5 6 11 12 17 18 23 24
Lp di: 10 11 15 17 22 23 4 5
Pha C: lp trn: 9 10 15 16 21 22 3 4
Lp di: 14 15 20 21 2 3 8 9
Ve s khai trin: Ve cho pha a con pha b va c ve tng t
Ta thy:
+ Do q = 2 nn mi cc t co hai phn t.
9
+ Cac phn t trong mi nhom phai mc ni tip nhau.
+ Cac nhom co th mc song song hoc ni tip phu thuc in ap.
+ S nhanh song song nhiu nht bng s cc t (n 2p).












1
A

B



C X

Hnh .11 Dcy ucn xep hci |cp Lucc ngcn

1



2



3



4



5

7



8

1
0


1
1

1
2


1
3

1
4


1
5


1

1
7


1
8


1

2
0

2
1


2
2


2
3


2
4

b/ Dy qun song : vi Z = 18, 2p = 4, m = 3. Hnh 9.12.


Hnh .12 Dcy ucn :cng hci |cp Lucc ngcn

1
A
1
A
2


X
2
X
1
1

2
0


2
1


2
2


2
3


2
4


1



2



3



4


5

7


8

1
0
1
1

1
2


1
3

1
4


1
5
1

1
7
1
8












9.3. DY QUN CO q LA PHN S
S phn t cua mt pha di mt cc t:
d
c
b
d
a
mp
Z
q + = = =
2

Ta thy:
+ S phn t cua mt pha di cac cc t khng u nhau.
+ Nhom co nhiu phn t goi la nhom ln: (b1) phn t.
10
+ Nhom co t phn t goi la nhom nho: b phn t.
+ Di d cc t co c nhom ln va (d-c) nhom nho.
Xet v du : Ve gian khai trin dy qun co Z = 18; 2p = 4 ; m = 3.
+ Tnh cac ai lng c trng cua dy qun:

0
0 0
40
18
360 2 360
= = =
.
Z
p
in

2
1
1
2
3
2 3 2
18
mp 2
Z
q + = = = =
. .


0 0
60
2
3
40 = = = . q . in
5 4
4
18
2
.
p
Z
= = = ; 4 y =
Vy a = 3; d = 2; b = c = 1.
Nhom ln co b+1 = 2 phn t .
Nhom nho co b = 1 phn t.
Phn vung pha:
Pha a: 1,2,6, 10,11,15; Pha b: 4,5,9, 13,14,18; Pha c: 7,8,3, 16,17,12.
S ni dy cac pha: y = 4.
Pha a: lp trn:1 2 6 10 11 15
Lp di: 5 6 10 14 15 1
Pha b: lp trn: 4 5 9 13 14 18
Lp di: 8 9 13 17 18 4
Pha c: lp trn: 7 8 3 16 17 12
Lp di: 11 12 7 2 3 16
Ve s khai trin dy qun: (hnh 9.13)

1
A

B

C X
Hnh .13 Dcy ucn xep hci |cp vci |c phcn :c

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1









11
9.4 DY QUN NGN MACH KIU LNG SOC:
y qun ngn mach kiu lng soc c tao thanh bi cac thanh dn bng
ng t trong cac ranh cua rto, hai u cua chung han vi hai vanh ngn mach
cung bng ng. Cac thanh dn va vanh ngn mach noi trn cung co th uc bng
nhm.
S cua cac thanh dn lch pha nhau mt goc: = 2p/Z. Trong tnh toan
thc t, thng xem mi thanh dn la mt pha: m
2
= Z
2
, va s vong dy cua mt
pha: N = 1/2, cac h s k
n

= k
r

= 1.
S mach in cua dy qun lng soc:










Hnh .15 Sc cc mcch cien Ihuc {c) vc Iucng cucng {L) cuc ccy ucn kieu |cng :cc
1 2 3
r
t
r
v
12 v
I
&

23 v
I
&

34 v
I
&
1 t
I
&

2 t
I
&

3 t
I
&
12 v
I
&

23 v
I
&

34 v
I
&
21 v
I
&

21 v
I
&

1 2 3
r

12 v
I
&
23 v
I
&

34 v
I
&

1 t
I
&
2 t
I
&

3 t
I
&

12 v
I
&
23 v
I
&

34 v
I
&

21 v
I
&
21 v
I
&
(a) (b)



S mach in cua dy qun lng soc nh trn hnh 8.14a, trong o: r
t
- in
tr thanh dn; r
v
- in tr cua tng oan gia hai thanh dn cua vanh ngn mach;
Ta thay th mach in thc noi trn bng mach in tng ng da trn c s
tn hao cua hai mach in o bng nhau (hnh 8.14b).
i vi mt nut bt ky, th du nut hai ta co:
i
t2
= i
v23
- i
v12

2 t
I
&

12 v
I
&
23 v
I
&

Hnh .15 Cucn he giuc
ccng cien Ircng Ihcnh ccn
vc ccng Ircng vcnh ngcn
mcch
Do dong in trong cac oan cua vong
ngn mach cung lch pha nhau mt goc , ta co:

Z
p
sin I sin I I
v v t

=

= 2
2
2
va
Z
p
sin
I
I
t
v

=
2

V tn hao trn in tr cua mach in thc
va mach in thay th phai bng nhau, ngha la:
r ZI r ZI r ZI
t v v t t
2 2 2
2 = +
12
Kt hp vi phng trnh trn, ta tm c in tr pha cua dy qun kiu lng
soc:

Z
p
sin
r
r r
v
t

+ =
2
2

9.5. CACH THUC HIN DY QUN MAY DIN XOAY CHIU:
Dy qun may in xoay chiu c t trong cac ranh trn stato hay roto.
Cac ranh ny co cac dang nh sau:


Hnh .1 Ccc ccng rcnh cuc ccy ucn mcy cien
a) Ranh kn b) Ranh na kn c) Ranh na h d) Ranh h








Ranh na kn dung cho dy qun stato may in cng sut P< 100 kW, in
ap U<1000V. Loai ranh ny ch dung dy dn tit din tron dng knh < 2,5mm.
Ranh na h dung cho dy qun stato cua cac may in co cng sut ln P =
300-400 kW, in ap U<1000V
Ranh h dung cho dy qun stato may in cng sut ln, in ap cao. Dy
qun loai ny thng dung tit din ch nht, lam thanh nhng bi dy trc ri
sau o t vao ranh.
nhng may in cng sut ln, tranh lc in t rt manh luc xay ra ngn
mach tac dung ln phn u ni, lam hong phn u ni dy qun stato, b phn
ny buc cht vao cac vong thep co boulng bt vao thn may./.