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co bc cc
=/ .
Khi rto chuyn ng, t trng B
1
,
B
3
, B
5
, B
7
, .. cam ng trong dy qun
s e
1
, e
3
, e
5
, e
7
, .. Do tn s f khac nhau
nn s tng trong dy qun se co dang
khng sin.
2
10.2. SC IN NG CAM NG TRONG DY QUN
Xet s cam ng trong dy qun do B
1
, B
3
, B
5
, B
7
, .. tm s tng.
10.2.1. Sdd cuo dy qun do tu truong song co bon.
1. S cua mt thanh dn:
Thanh dn co chiu dai l chuyn ng
vi vn tc v trong t trng c ban phn
b hnh sin doc khe h :
B
x
B
m1
B
x
l
v
0
Hnh 10.2 Chuyn ng tng i cua
thanh dn trong t trng hnh sin
x
=
x
sin B B
m x
Trong thanh dn cam ng s:
x sin vl B vl B e
m x td
= =
trong o:
f
T t
x
v =
= = 2
2
do = 2f : tc goc
va
= l B
m
2
: t thng ng vi mt bc cc t.
Nn: e
td
= fsint
Tr s hiu dung s o bng:
=
= f f E
td
2
2
2
2. S cua mt vong dy. S cua mt bi dy (phn t):
S cua mt vong dy gm hai thanh dn t trong hai ranh cach nhau mt
khoang y la hiu s hnh hoc cac s lch nhau mt goc (y/) cua hai thanh dn
o. T hnh 10.3, ta co:
n td
' '
td
'
td V
k f
y
sin E E E E =
= = 2
2
2 (10.5)
trong o:
2 2
=
= sin
y
sin k
n
(10.6)
Thng h s
=
y
< 1, nn k
n
c goi la h s bc ngn.
Nu trong hai ranh noi trn co t mt bi dy (phn t) gm N
pt
vong dy th
s cua bi dy o bng:
=
pt n 1 p
fN k 2 E (10.7)
3
/2
E
q
A
K
Hnh 10.4 Nhom co q=3 bi dy trong t trng
Hnh 10.5 S nhom co q=3 bi
= q
0
B
'
td
E
&
' '
td
E
&
' '
td
E
&
v
E
&
Hnh 10.3 Scc cuc mcI vcng ccy
3. S cua mt nhom bi dy : 3. S cua mt nhom bi dy :
Gia thit ta co q bi dy mc ni tip va c t rai trong cac ranh lin tip
nhau. Goc lch pha trong t trng gia hai ranh canh nhau:
Gia thit ta co q bi dy mc ni tip va c t rai trong cac ranh lin tip
nhau. Goc lch pha trong t trng gia hai ranh canh nhau:
Z
p
p / Z
=
2 2
(10.8)
trong o : Z/p s ranh di mt i cc t.
Cac vect E
pt
lch pha nhau mt goc
Goc = q vung pha.
E
pt2
E
pt3
E
pt1
E
pt1
E
pt2
E
pt3
=1
B
m1
y= '
td
E
&
' '
td
E
&
y=
B
m1
=1
4
S tng cua mt nhom bi dy E
q
la tng hnh hoc cua q vect nh hnh 10.5:
2
2
1
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
= =
= =
sin
sin E
sin
sin
AK
q
sin OA AB E
q
pt
q
q
1
2
2
r pt
q
pt q
k qE
sin q
sin
qE E = =
(10.9)
Trong o:
2
2
1
= =
sin q
sin
s cac hoc s Tng
s cac hnh hoc Tng
k
q
r
(10.10)
Vy:
E
q
= =
pt dq pt r n
qW k f qW k k f 2 2 (10.11)
Vi: k
dq
: goi la h s dy qun va bng:
k
dq
= k
n
k
r
(10.12)
4. S cua dy qun mt pha:
Dy qun mt pha gm mt hoc nhiu nhanh ng nht ghep song song do
o s cua mt pha la s cua mt nhanh song song.
Mi nhanh gm n nhom bi dy co v tr ging nhau trong t trng cua cac
cc t nn s cua chung cng s hoc vi nhau:
= = Wf k f nqW k E
dq pt dq f
2 2 (10.13)
trong o: W = nqW
pt
vong dy cua mt nhanh song song hay cua mt pha.
10.2.2. Sdd cuo dy qun do tu truong song bc coo.
Nhn xet: Biu thc s t trng song bc cao ging t trng bc mt.
y ta chu y rng bc cc cua t trng bc nho ln t trng song c ban
(hnh 10.1) v vy goc in 2 cua t trng song c ban ng vi goc 2 i vi
t trng bc , nh vy:
Va
2
2
2
=
sin q
sin
k
sin k
q
r
n
(10.14)
H s dy qun cua song bc :
=
r n dq
k k k (10.15)
Tn s cua song bc :
5
f
= f
S cam ng cua song bc :
= Wf k E
dq
2 (10.16)
Vi:
=
l B l B
m m
2 2
T nhng phn tch trn ta thy rng, khi t trng cc t phn b khng
hnh sin, s cam ng trong dy qun mt pha la tng cua mt day cac s iu
hoa co tn s khac nhau. Tr hiu dung s o co tr s:
... E ... E E E E
2 2
5
2
3
2
1
+ + + + = (10.17)
10.3. CAI THIN DANG SONG S.
Nguyn nhn lam cho s cam ng khng sin la t cam B khng sin. Sau y
la cac bin phap lam cho s cam ng co dang sin.
10.3.1. Ioo d cong mt cuc d 8 s|n
Vi la khe h nho nht gia mt cc. tng dn v 2 pha mom cc t,
B hnh sin th
x
cach gia mt cc bng:
x cos
x
(10.18)
Nu goi b la b rng mt cc th b =(0,65-0,76) va
max
= (1,5-2,5).
10.3.2. kut ngn buoc dy qun
Khi y = th tt ca cac s bc cao u tn tai v: 1
2
= =
sin k
n
Khi y < th s bc cao tuy y se b trit tiu, nh:
5
4
=
=
y
vy rut ngn dy qun
5
1
0 0
2 5
4
5
5 5
= =
= E sin k
n
Tng t mun E
7
= 0 th rut ngn
7
1
Chu y:
Bc ngn khng ng thi trit tiu tt ca s bc cao v vy phai chon
bc ngn thch hp.
Rut ngn bc dy qun s bc mt cung giam i mt t nhng khng
ang k.
6
10.3.3. Ihuc h|n dy qun ro|
Khi q = 1 th k
r
= 1 ngha la cac s bc cao khng giam.
Khi q > 1 th cac s bc cao u giam nho.
Xem bang, ta thy rng co mt s bc cao khng b giam yu i ma co k
r
=
k
r1
bc cua s o co th biu th nh sau:
Z
= 2mqk 1 (10.19)
trong o: k = 1, 2, 3,...; m: s pha;
q: s ranh cua mt pha di mt cc t.
V: 2mq = Z/p nn (10.19) tr thanh:
1 = k
p
Z
Z
(10.20)
Cac song iu hoa
Z
goi la song iu hoa rng.
S d co k
r
= k
r1
la do goc lch
Z
gia cac s cua cac bi dy t trong
cac ranh lin tip do t trng bc
Z
hoan toan bng goc lch ng vi t trng
song c ban:
=
= =
k
Z
p
k
p
Z
k
Z
p
.
Z
Z
2
2
2 1
2
(10.21)
Kt lun : Qun rai khng trit tiu c song iu hoa rng, tuy nhin q tng
Z
tng theo va B
mZ
nho i, kt qua la song iu hoa rng cung nho i tng ng
va dang song s cung cai thin c mt phn.
Co th giam song iu hoa rng nhiu bng cach dung dy qun co q la phn
s.
10.3.4. Ihuc h|n ronh cheo.
Ta co:
B
mZ
Z
E
E
Hnh 10.7 Irucng hcp rcnh
chec mcI Lucc rcng
Z
=(Z/p).k 1, trng hp k = 1 la
ln nht, trit tiu c s ny ta
chon bc ranh cheo la:
b
c
= 2
Z
= 2/
Z
= 2.p/(Zp)
Thc t thng chon:
b
c
= 2..p / Z = D / Z (10.22)
Tt ca cac song iu hoa u b
giam i rt nhiu.