2 PrR2 Vol 3 Water Supply-VN

C QUAN HP TC QUC T NHT BN (JICA)
NC CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
Nghin cu Qun l Mi trng th

Vit Nam
BO CO TIN (2)
Tp 03
Bo co Nghin cu v cp thot nc
Thng 3 nm 2011
NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.

YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD.
Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam
Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc
Mc lc
Danh mc cc bng ........................................................................................................................ iii
Danh mc cc hnh ......................................................................................................................... iv
Cc t vit tt .................................................................................................................................. v
CHNG 1 GII THIU.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
Bi cnh ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2
Nghin cu ngnh cp nc, thot nc................................................................................ 1
CHNG 2 TNG QUAN V KINH T - X HI ........................................................................ 3
2.1
Ton quc ............................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Cc n v hnh chnh ....................................................................................................... 3
2.1.3 S dng t ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.1.4 Dn s ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1.5 Kinh t ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.6 Cc th ........................................................................................................................... 7
2.2
Khu vc nghin cu ............................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Cc n v hnh chnh ......................................................................................................11
2.2.3 S dng t .......................................................................................................................11
2.2.4 Dn s .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.5 Kinh t ............................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.6 Cc th ......................................................................................................................... 15
CHNG 3 TNG QUAN NGNH CP NC TH ........................................................ 17
3.1
Tng quan ............................................................................................................................ 17
3.1.1 Hin trng ca c nc .................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 Cc ngun nc ............................................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Cc nh my x l nc .................................................................................................. 19
3.1.4 Mng li phn phi nc .............................................................................................. 19
3.1.5 Ci cch trong ngnh ....................................................................................................... 20
3.2 Cc khung chnh sch hin hnh .......................................................................................... 21
3.2.1 Khung php l ................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.2 nh hng pht trin trong thp nin va qua ............................................................... 21
3.2.3 Cc nh hng pht trin gn y .................................................................................. 21
3.2.4 Cc k hoch cp nc an ton (WSP)............................................................................ 23
3.2.5 Chng trnh quc gia chng tht thot v tht thu nc sch (UFW/NRW) ................. 23
3.2.6 Gi nc .......................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.7 Cc t chc c lin quan.................................................................................................. 25
3.3
ODA ..................................................................................................................................... 26
3.3.1 Ngn hng Th gii ......................................................................................................... 26
3.3.2 ADB ................................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.3 Phn Lan .......................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.4 Nht Bn .......................................................................................................................... 28
CHNG 4 TNG QUAN NGNH THOT NC ................................................................. 30
4.1
Tng quan ............................................................................................................................ 30
4.1.1 Hin trng ca c nc .................................................................................................... 30
4.1.2 Nc ma ........................................................................................................................ 30
4.1.3 Nc thi ......................................................................................................................... 31
4.1.4 V sinh ............................................................................................................................. 31
4.1.5 Ci cch trong ngnh ....................................................................................................... 32
4.2
Cc khung chnh sch hin hnh .......................................................................................... 33
4.2.1 Khung php l ................................................................................................................. 33
4.2.2 Cc nh hng pht trin trong thp k qua .................................................................. 33
4.2.3 Cc nh hng pht trin gn y .................................................................................. 35
i
Bo co tin (2)
4.2.4 Ph nc thi .................................................................................................................... 37

4.2.5 Cc t chc c lin quan.................................................................................................. 39
4.3
ODA ..................................................................................................................................... 40
4.3.1 Ngn hng th gii........................................................................................................... 40
4.3.2 ADB ................................................................................................................................. 42
4.3.3 Phn Lan .......................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.4 Nht Bn .......................................................................................................................... 43
Ti liu tham kho ......................................................................................................................... 46
ii
Bo co tin (2)
Danh mc cc bng
Bng 2-1:
Bng 2-2:
Bng 2-3:
Bng 2-4:
Bng 2-5
Bng 2-6
Bng 2-7
Bng 2-8
Bng 2-9
Bng 2-10
Bng 2-11
Bng 3-1
Bng 3-2
Bng 3-3
Bng 3-4
Bng 4-1
Bng 4-2
Bng 4-3
Bng 4-4
Bng 4-5
Cc n v hnh chnh Vit Nam (2009)

Dn s th v nng thn Vit Nam vo nm Vietnam (2009)
Cc loi th ti Vit Nam
S lng cc th phn theo loi Vit Nam (tnh n 31 thng 12 nm 2010)
Din tch t, dn s v GDP ca c nc v khu vc nghin cu
Cc n v hnh chnh trn khu vc nghin cu (2009)
S dng t ti khu vc nghin cu (2009)
Dn s khu vc nghin cu (2009)
Tng trng dn s ti khu vc th im (2000-2009
GDP theo gi c nh phn theo hot ng kinh t ti khu vc nghin cu (2007)
Cc th khu vc nghin cu
Cc mc tiu pht trin cp nc th
Khung gi nc
Gi nc hin nay (VND/m3, bao gm VAT)
D n v ngnh nc do ADB ti tr
Cc nh my x l nc thi c vn hnh Vit Nam
H thng ph nc thi
Cc d n v ngnh thot nc do ADB ti tr
Cc d n do Nht Bn h tr ti chnh trong ngnh thot nc
H tr k thut cho SCFC (thnh ph H Ch Minh)
iii
Bo co tin (2)
Danh mc cc hnh
Hnh 2-1:
C cu hnh chnh ti Vit Nam (2009)
Hnh 2-2:
Hnh 2-3:
Hnh 2-4:
Hnh 2-5:
Hnh 2-6
Hnh 2-7
Hnh 2-8
Hnh 2-9
Hnh 2-10
Hnh 2-11
Hnh 2-12
Hnh 2-13
C cu s dng t Vit Nam (2009)

Dn s th v nng thn ti Vit Nam (2009)
Tng trng dn s v tc th ha ti Vit Nam (2000-2009)
GDP theo gi hin hnh chi theo ngnh kinh t ti Vit Nam (2009)
Tng trng GDP v t trng theo ngnh kinh t ca Vit Nam (2000-2009)
Tc tng trng GDP thc t ca Vit Nam (2000-2010)
T l dn s th theo loi th
Dn s ti khu vc nghin cu (2009)
GDP theo gi c nh phn loi theo hot ng kinh t khu vc nghin cu (2007)
T l tng trng GDP thc t (2000-2007) v GDP bnh qun u ngi (2007)
khu vc nghin cu
iv
Bo co tin (2)
Cc t vit tt
ADB
AUSAID
BOO
BWACO
CDTA
COD
CSC
D/D
DANIDA
F/S
FINNIDA
GDP
GOF
HAWACO
HPWSCO
HSDC
HUEWACO
IZ
JICA
JPP
M/P
MARD
MFF
MLIT
MOC
MOF
MOH
MPI
NRW
NRWF
O&M
ODA
PPC
SADCO
SAWACO
SCFC
SOE
T/A
TT-Hue
UDC
UFW
URENCO
USD
VAT
VINACONEX
VND
VWSA
WHO
WSC
WSP
WSPST
WTP
WWTP
Ngn hng pht trin Chu

C quan pht trin quc t Australia
Xy dng Vn hnh S hu
Cng ty c phn cp nc B Ra Vng Tu
H tr k thut pht trin nng lc
Nhu cu xy ho hc
Ban ch o
Thit k chi tit
C quan pht trin quc t an Mch
Nghin cu kh thi
C quan pht trin quc t Phn Lan
Tng sn phm quc ni
Chnh ph Phn Lan
Cng ty TNHH cp nc H Ni
Cng ty TNHH Nh nc mt thnh vin cp nc Hi Phng
Cng ty thot nc H Ni
Cng ty TNHH NN mt thnh vin cp nc Hu
Khu cng nghip
C quan hp tc quc t Nht Bn
Chng trnh cng tc JICA
Quy hoch tng th
B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn, Vit Nam
C s ti chnh chia lm nhiu t
B t ai, C s H tng, Giao thng v Du lch, Nht Bn
B Xy dng, Vit Nam
B Ti chnh
B Y t
B K hoch v u t
Nc tht thu
Qu nc quay vng quc gia
Vn hnh v bo tr
Vin tr pht trin chnh thc
U ban nhn dn tnh
Cng ty thot nc th
Tng cng ty Cp nc Si Gn
Trung tm ch o Chng trnh kim sot l lt th, thnh ph H Ch Minh
Doanh nghip nh nc
H tr k thut
Tha Thin Hu
Cng ty thot nc th,thnh ph H Ch Minh
Nc tht thot
Cng ty mi trng th
la M
Thu gi tr gia tng
Tng cng ty xy dng v xut nhp khu Vit Nam
Vit Nam ng
Hip hi cp nc Vit Nam
T chc y t th gii
Cng ty cp nc
K hoch cp nc an ton
Chng trnh cp nc v v sinh cho cc th trn nh
Nh my x l nc
Nh my x l nc thi
Bo co tin (2)
vi
Bo co tin (2)
CHNG 1
GII THIU
1.1
Bi cnh
Vit Nam v ang t c s pht trin kinh t thnh cng sau khi chuyn i t mt nn
kinh t tp trung sang h thng kinh t nh hng th trng t gia thp nin 80. Tng
trng kinh t c duy tr mc cao t nm 2000 n nay. Tng sn phm quc ni (GDP)
tng trng bnh qun 7.5%/nm trong giai on 2000 2009. GDP bnh qun u ngi tng
t 402 USD vo nm 2000 n 1064 USD vo nm 2009. Khong 70% GDP pht sinh ti cc
khu vc th.
Cng vi s tng trng v kinh t, qu trnh th ho ang din ra nhanh chng. Trong tng
s 85,8 triu dn tnh n nm 2009, c 25,4 triu dn chim 30% dn s sng th v con
s ny tng lin tc t mc 24% vo nm 2000. T l tng trng dn s bnh qun ca
ngi dn th l 3.5%/nm trong giai on 2000 2009. Theo d bo, Vit Nam s duy tr
tc th ha v km theo l s gia tng s lng cc c s cng nghip v thng mi
thu ht dn c cng nh s pht trin nhu cu v c s h tng th v cc dch v th
c bn.
S th ho ni trn v ang gy ra nhng p lc i vi mi trng th. S pht trin
ca nhng ngnh ngh khc nhau lin quan n qun l mi trng cn phi bt kp vi tc
pht trin kinh t tng th. Ngnh cp nc v v sinh th ti Vit Nam c nhng
thnh tu ng k v pht trin c s h tng cng nh ci cch v php lut v th ch vi s
h tr ca chnh ph v tr gip ca cc t chc/c quan pht trin. Ngoi ra, khung php l
v cung cp nc v v sinh th, c th l Ngh nh 117/2007/N-CP v Ngh nh
88/2007/ND-CP, nu r nh hng thc hin chnh sch ca chnh ph khc phc nhng
vn ca ngnh trong tng lai.
Trong khi , c th thy tin gii quyt cc vn ca ngnh cp nc v v sinh cn
c thc y kp ng ph vi tc th ho nhanh chng v s tng trng kinh t t
nhng nm 1990 v s tip tc tng trng trong nhng nm ti.
1.2
Nghin cu ngnh cp thot nc

Nht Bn v ang h tr Vit Nam thc hin nhiu d n hp tc chung ci thin qun
l mi trng th trong nhng ngnh khc nhau. Chng trnh h tr quc gia ca Nht
Bn, c xy dng nm 2009, xc nh qun l mi trng th l mt trong nhng
ngnh cn c h tr.
Tnh n nhu cu bo v mi trng khi s suy thoi do qu trnh th ho v cng nghip
ho nhanh, chng trnh h tr quc gia ch ra rng s h tr ca Nht Bn trong lnh vc
qun l mi trng th nhm pht trin v phc hi c s h tng th cng nh pht trin
nng lc hnh chnh v chuyn mn ng gp cho mi trng th tt p hn
Nghin cu Qun l Mi trng th ti Vit Nam ang c C quan Hp tc Quc t
Nht Bn (JICA) thc hin nhm nghin cu hin trng v vn hin nay a ra nhng
nh hng v phng php tip cn qun l mi trng th Vit Nam v t trng tm
vo nhng chng trnh ODA tip theo ca Nht s c xy dng v thit k vi s cn nhc
hp l n cc nhu cu u tin ti Vit Nam.
K t thp nin 90 cho ti nay, JICA l mt i tc pht trin chnh trong ngnh cp, thot
nc v nc thi Vit Nam v ang tm kim nhng nh hng v phng php tip cn
trong tng lai i vi nhng ngnh ny. Vi vai tr l mt b phn ca Nghin cu ang tin
hnh, bo co v ngnh cp nc, thot nc v nc thi ang c bin son vi nhng
mc tiu sau, JICA.
Bo co tin (2)
1)
Ghi nhn hin trng cp nht v ngnh cp thot nc v mt chnh sch, quy hoch, thc
hin, vn hnh v bo tr.
2)
Xc nh nhng vn ch yu trong ngnh cp thot nc
3)
Xc nh phng hng pht trin ca ngnh cp thot nc th
4)
Nghin cu phng hng h tr t ngun ODA cho ngnh cp thot nc th v

nc thi th
Khu vc nghin cu bao gm thnh ph H Ni, Hi Phng, Hu (tnh Tha Thin Hu),
thnh ph Nng, tnh ng Nai, tnh Bnh Dng, v thnh ph H Ch Minh, ni ngun
vn ODA ch yu c phn b.
Bo co tin (2)
CHNG 2
TNG QUAN V KINH T - X HI
2.1
Ton quc
2.1.1
Tng quan
Vit Nam nm mi ng Nam ca bn o ng Dng v c din tch khong 331.000
km2. t nc hnh ch S c chiu di t Bc ti Nam l 1650km vi b bin di 3260 km
v im hp nht c chiu rng l 50km. Vit Nam gip vi vnh Thi Lan, Vnh Bc B, pha
Bc bin ng, tip gip bin gii Trung Quc, Lo v Campuchia. a hnh Vit Nam c
trng vi cc cao nguyn v ng bng sng Hng min Bc, ni min Trung, vng duyn
hi v ng bng sng Mekong min Nam.
2.1.2
Cc n v hnh chnh
Lnh th Vit Nam c chia lm 63 n v hnh chnh bao gm 5 thnh ph thuc trung
ng (H Ni, Hi Phng, Nng, H Ch Minh v Cn Th) v 58 tnh.
Cc thnh ph trc thuc trung ng gm c cc qun, th x v huyn. Qun c chia thnh
cc phng, v th x bao gm cc phng v x. Huyn bao gm cc x v thn.
Cc tnh gm cc thnh ph trc thuc tnh v/hoc th x v huyn. Thnh ph trc thuc
tnh c phn chia thnh cc phng, v th x gm phng v x. Huyn bao gm cc x v
thn.
Bng 2-1
Tnh/Thnh ph
Thnh
ph trc
thuc tnh
Cc n v hnh chnh Vit Nam (2009)

Qun
Th x
Phng
Huyn
5 Thnh ph
47
1
Thnh ph H Ni
(10)
(1)
Thnh ph Hi
(7)
Phng
Thnh ph Nng
(6)
Thnh ph H Ch
(19)
Minh
Thnh ph Cn Th
(5)
58 Tnh
48
45
Tng
48
47
46
Ngun: Nin gim thng k nm 2009, Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Th trn
37
(18)
572
(154)
42
(22)
649
(401)
(8)
(70)
(10)
(143)
(2)
(45)
(5)
(259)
(5)
(58)
(4)
519
556
(44)
794
1.366
(5)
583
625
(36)
8.472
9.121
(11)
Chnh quyn trung ng

Thnh ph trc thuc trung ng
(5)
Qun
(47)
Phng
(572)
Th x
(1)
X
(649)
Tnh
(58)
Huyn
(37)
Thnh ph trc
thuc tnh
(48)
Phng
(794)
Th trn
(42)
Th x
(46)
X
(8,472)
Huyn
(519)
Th trn
(583)
Ngun: S lng cc n v hnh chnh (theo chiu dc) theo Nin gim thng k Vit Nam 2009, Tng cc
Thng k Vit Nam.
Hnh 2-1
C cu hnh chnh ti Vit Nam (2009)

3
Bo co tin (2)
2.1.3
S dng t
Tng din tch c nc khong 331.000 km2. Vic s dng t c phn loi nh sau.
1)
t Sn xut Nng nghip l t s dng trong sn xut nng nghip, bao gm t trng
cy hng nm v cy lu nm.
2)
t rng l t c s dng sn xut rng hoc thc nghim, bao gm rng sn

xut, rng phng h v rng c chng.
3)
t chuyn dng l t c s dng cc mc ch khc, khng phi t dnh cho nng

lm nghip v . t chuyn dng bao gm t xt dng tr s c quan, xy dng cng
trnh x nghip, t s dng vo mc ch quc phng v an ninh, t sn xut kinh
doanh phi nng nghip, t s dng vo mc ch cng cng.
4)
t l t s dng xy dng nh v cc cng trnh phc v cho i sng cho c

dn th v nng thn.
Cc loi t cn li, khng thuc nhng loi t phn loi trn, bao gm t tn gio, ngha
trang, t sng ngi v t c mt nc, t bng cha s dng, t i ni cha s dng v
ni khng c cy rng. Nhng loi t ny c gi chung l cc loi t khc.
Trong tng s din tch t, 29% c s dng lm t sn xu nng nghip v 45% che ph
bi t rng. Trong khi , t s dng cho nhiu mc ch ch chim 7% tng din tch t,
bao gm 5% t chuyn dng v 2% t .
Cc loi t khc
t sn xut nng nghip

C cu s dng t
Din tch (km2)
t sn xut nng nghip

t rng
t chuyn dng
t
Cc loi t khc
Tng
95,988
29%
147,578
45%
16,295
5%
6,339
2%
64,851
20%
20 %
29 %
2%
t
chuyn
dng
5%
C nc
331,051 km2
331,051 100%
t sn xut nng nghip

t rng
t chuyn dng
t
Cc loi t khc
45 %
t rngs
Ngun:
Nin gim Thng k Vit Nam nm 2009, Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Hnh 2-2
2.1.4
C cu s dng t Vit Nam (2009)
Dn s
Tng s dn ca c nc l 85,8 triu ngi, bao gm 25,4 tri c dn th (30%) v 60,4
triu c dn nng thn (70%). Tnh theo n v hnh chnh, thnh ph H Ch Minh c s dn
ng nht l 7,16 triu ngi. Tip n, th H Ni l thnh ph ng dn th hai vi 6,45
triu ngi. Dn s ca thnh ph Hi Phng ng th ba (1,84 triu ngi), tip l thnh
ph Cn Th (1,19 triu ngi) v thnh ph Nng (0,89 triu ngi).
Bo co tin (2)
Bng 2-2
Dn s th v nng thn Vit Nam vo nm Vietnam (2009)

n v: 1.000 ngi
Tnh/thnh ph
5 thnh ph
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Thnh ph Nng
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Thnh ph Cn Th
58 tnh
Tng
th
11.013.1
(2.644.5)
(846.2)
(770.9)
(5.968.4)
(783.1)
14.423.8
25.436.9
Nng thn
6.514.7
(3.807.4)
(991.0)
(116.5)
(1.194.5)
(405.3)
53.895.4
60.410.1
Tng
17.527.8
(6.451.9)
(1.837.2)
(887.4)
(7.162.9)
(1.188.4)
68.319.2
85.847.0
Ngun: Tng iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009: Kt qu ton b, Vn phng Tng cc thng k Vit
th
Nam
25.4triu
th
25.4triu
th
30 %
30 % 25.4triu
Dn s c 30 %
Dn s c
nc
Dn s c
nc
nc
85.8
85.8 85.8
triu
triu triu
7070
%%70 %
Nng thn
Nng thn
Nng thn 60.4 triu
60.4
triu
60.4
triu
Ngun:
iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009: Kt qu ton b, Vn phng Tng cc thng k Vit Nam
Hnh 2-3
Dn s th v nng thn ti Vit Nam (2009)
Tng s dn ca c nc tng nhanh t 77,6 triu ngi vo nm 2000 ln n 85,8 triu

ngi vo nm 2009 vi tc tng trng bnh qun l 1,2%/nm. Vic gia tng dn s din
ra ch yu cc th. Dn s th tng t 18,7 triu ngi vo nm 2000 ln 25,4 triu
ngi vo nm 2009, tng ng vi tc tng trng l 3,5%/nm. Tc tng trng dn
s nng thn c xu hng dn n n. Dn s nng thn tng t 58,9 triu ngi vo nm
2000 ln 60,4 triu ngi vo nm 2009 vi tc tng trng khim tn mc 0,3%/nm.
Tc tng trng dn s nng thn v thnh th cho thy xu hng th ho vn c xu
hng tip tc din ra Vit Nam. Tc th ho (= phn trm ca c dn th trong
tng s dn) tng t 24% nm 2000 n 30% vo nm 2009.
Bo co tin (2)
100%
90
90%
70
60
Tng
50
Nng
thn
th
40
30
80%
70%
60%
50%
Nng
thn
th
40%
30%
20
20%
10
10%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Dn s (triu ngi)
80
Phn trm trong tng s dn
100
Nm
Nm
Ngun: Nin gim thng k nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Hnh 2-4
2.1.5
Tng trng dn s v tc th ha ti Vit Nam (2000-2009)
Kinh t
Tng sn phm quc dn (GDP) ca c nc l 1.658.389 t VND (tng ng 97,18 t
USD) tnh theo gi hin nay v GDP bnh qun u ngi l 19.278.000 VND (tng ng
1.064 USD) vo nm 2009. C cu GDP bao gm ba (3) ngnh kinh t chnh 1) Nng, lm
nghip v thu sn, 2) Cng nghip v Xy dng, v 3) Dch v, vi t trng tng ng l
21%, 40% v 39%.
Nng lm ng nghip
347.786 t
Dch v
644,280 t
21%
39%
C nc
1.658.389
t
40%
Cng nghip v
Xy dng 667,323 t
Ngun: S liu thng k kinh t - x hi ca 63 tnh v thnh ph, 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k
Hnh 2-5
GDP theo gi hin hnh chi theo ngnh kinh t ti Vit Nam (2009)
GDP theo gi c nh tng nhanh chng t 441.646 t VND vo nm 2000 ln 1.658.389 t

VND. GDP bnh qun u ngi tng t 5.689.000 (tng ng 402 USD) vo nm 2000 ti
19.278.000 VND (hoc 1064 USD) vo nm 2009.
T trng GDP ca nng nghip, lm nghip v thu sn gim u n t 25% vo nm 2000
n 21% vo nm 2009. Ngnh cng nghip v xy dng c t trng GDP tng t 37% vo
nm 2000 ln 40% vo nm 2009. Dch v vn duy tr t tng mc 38% k t nm 2000.
Bo co tin (2)
1,800
100%
Tng
90%
1,600
Dch v
80%
Cng nghip v
Xy dng
1,000
Nng lm ng
nghip
70%
Dch v
60%
Cng nghip v
Xy dng
50%
800
40%
600
Nng lm ng
nghip
30%
400
Nm
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
Nm
Nin gim thng k Vit Nam 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Ngun:
Hnh 2-6
2004
2003
2000
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
0%
2002
2001
10%
2000
200
2002
20%
2001
GDP (109 VND)
1,200
Phn trm trong tng GDP
1,400
Tng trng GDP v t trng theo ngnh kinh t ca Vit Nam (2000-2009)
T l tng trng GDP thc t theo gi c nh nm 1994 tng trng u k t nm 2001

v t mc trn 8% trong cc nm 2005, 2006 v 2007. T l tng trng GDP thc t
gim xung 6,32% vo nm 2008 do khng hong ti chnh th gii v duy tr mc 5,32%
vo nm 2009. Theo d bo gn y ca Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam cho thy
tc tng trng GDP thc t nm 2010 c tnh t mc 6,78%.
Tc tng trng (%)
10
8
6.79 6.89 7.08
7.34
7.79
8.44 8.23 8.46

6.78
6.31
5.32
4
2
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Nm
Ngun:
Hnh 2-7
2.1.6
Trang web ca Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Tc tng trng GDP thc t ca Vit Nam (2000-2010)
Cc th
Cc n v hnh chnh c phn loi thnh 6 loi hnh th nh loi c bit, loi I, II, III,
IV v V, v c xc nh cn c theo tng chc nng kinh t-x hi, quy m v mt dn
7
Bo co tin (2)
s, hin trng pht trin c s h tng, kin trc v cnh quan mi trng cn c theo Ngh
nh 42/2009/ND-CP v phn loi th.
Bng 2-3
Loi
Loi c bit
Loi-I
Loi-II
Loi-III
Loi-IV
Loi-V
Cc loi th ti Vit Nam
Chc nng kinh t-x hi

Th hoc trung tm
ca c nc
Trung tm ca vng lin
tnh hoc c nc
Trung tm ca tnh hoc
vng lin tnh
Trung tm ca tnh hoc
vng lin tnh
Trung tm ca tnh hoc
mt vng trong tnh
Trung tm ca huyn
hoc mt cm x
Tng s dn
> 5.000.000
> 1.000.000
> 500.000 2)
> 800.000 1)
> 300.000 2)
1)
Mt dn s 3)
(ngi/km2)
Lc lng lao
ng phi nng
nghip 3)
> 15.000
< 90%
1)
> 12.000
> 10.000 2)
> 10.000 1)
> 8.000 2)
< 85%
< 80%
> 150.000
> 6.000
< 75%
> 50.000
> 4.000
< 70%
> 4.000
> 2.000
< 65%
1) i vi thnh ph trc thuc chnh quyn trung ng

2) i vi thnh ph trc thuc tnh
3) cc qun thuc thnh ph (ni thnh)
Ngun: Ngh nh 42/2009/ND-CP v phn loi th
Ch thch:
Hin nay c 755 th, bao gm 2 th c bit, 10 th loi I, 12 th loi II, 47 th

loi III, 50 th loi IV v 634 th loi V, tnh n 31 thng 12 nm 2010.
th c bit bao gm cc thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (thnh ph H Ni v H Ch
Minh), bao gm cc qun ni thnh v cc huyn. Cc th trn thuc cc huyn tng ng vi
th loi V, v c gi l cc th v tinh. V d, thnh ph H Ni l th c bit v
c 10 qun ni thnh, 1 th x (th x Sn Ty: th loi III), v 18 huyn vi 22 th trn
thuc th loi V.
Loi I v II l thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v tnh. Trong , 3 th loi I l cc thnh
ph trc thuc trung ng (thnh ph Hi Phng, Nng v Cn Th) v c cc qun ni
thnh v huyn ngoi. Cc th trn thuc cc huyn ca cc thnh ph ny tng ng vi
th loi V. By (7) th loi I v 12 th loi II cn li l cc thnh ph trc thuc tnh.
Loi III bao gm 36 thnh ph thuc tnh v 11 th x thuc tnh. Loi V bao gm cc th trn
cn li ca cc huyn.
Bo co tin (2)
Bng 2-4
Loi th
S lng cc th phn theo loi Vit Nam (tnh n 31 thng 12 nm

2010)
S lng
th
c bit
10
II
12
III
47
IV
50
634
Tng
755
c im
2 thnh ph trc thuc trung ng, bao gm cc th v tinh
(hu ht l th loi V)
3 thnh ph trc thuc trung ng, bao gm cc th v tinh
(hu ht l th loi V)
7 thnh ph thuc tnh
12 thnh ph thuc tnh
36 thnh ph thuc tnh
11 th x thuc tnh
Th x Sn Ty l th v tinh ca thnh ph H Ni.
29 th x thuc tnh
11 th trn
Hu ht l cc th trn thuc cc huyn
Mt s th trn l th v tinh thuc cc thnh ph trc thuc
trung ng.
Ngun: Trang web ca B Xy Dng
Khi phn chia s lng dn s tnh n nm 2009 theo loi th ni trn, th c bit c
tng s dn l 8,6 triu chim 34% dn s th ca c nc. th loi I, II, v III c tng s
dn ln lt l 4,1 triu ngi (16%), 2,6 triu ngi (10%) v 3,8 triu ngi (15%).
Loi c bit
8.6 triu
Loi -IV, V
v cc loi khc
6.4 triu
Ch thch:
th c bit bao gm dn s ca cc th
v tinh ca cc thnh ph trc thuc trung
ng.
C nc
25.4 triu
th loi I bao gm dn s ca cc th v
tnh ca cc thnh ph trc thuc trung ng.
th loi III khng bao gm dn s ca th x
Sn Ty ca thnh ph H Ni.
th loi IV, V v cc thnh ph khc khng
bao gm dn s ca cc th v tinh ca cc
thnh ph trc thuc trung ng.
Loi-III
3.8 triu
S liu v dn s cn c theo Tng iu tra dn

s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009: Kt qu ton
b
Loi-I
4.1 Triu
Loi-II
2.6 triu
Hnh 2-8
2.2
Khu vc nghin cu
2.2.1
Tng quan
T l dn s th theo loi th
Khu vc nghin cu bao gm thnh ph H Ni, thnh ph Hu (tnh Tha Thin Hu), thnh
ph Nng, tnh ng Nai, tnh Bnh Dng, v thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Bo co tin (2)
Tng din tch ca khu vc nghin cu l 23.894 km2, chim 7% tng din tch c nc
(331.051 km2). Tng s dn ca khu vc nghin cu l 22,4 triu, chim 26% tng dn s
th ca c nc (85,8 triu). V khu vc nghin cu bao gm cc th chnh ca c nc,
tng s dn th ti khu vc Nghin cu ln n 12,4 triu ngi tng ng vi 49% tng s
dn th ca c nc (25,4 triu ngi). Tng sn phm quc ni (GDP) theo gi c nh l
587.761 t VND chim 51% tng GDP ca c nc (1.144.015 t VND).
Bng 2-5
Khu vc
C nc
Khu vc nghin cu
Khc

Din tch 1)
(2009)
km2
331.051
23.894
307.157
100%
7%
93%
Dn s 2)
(2009)
1.000
%
ngi
85.847 100%
22.391
26%
63.456
74%
Dn s th2)
GDP 3), 4)
(2009)
(2007)
1.000
T
%
%
ngi
VND
25.437 100% 1.144.015 100%
12.386
49%
587.761
51%
13.051
51%
556.254
49%
Ngun: 1) Nin gim thng k nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
2) Tng iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009: Kt qu ton b, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k
Vit Nam
3) S liu thng k ca 63 tnh v thnh ph, 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Lu : 4) GDP ca thnh ph H Ni l s liu tnh n 2008 vo thi im m rng thnh ph.
Ngun: 1) Nin gim thng k nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
2) Tng iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009: Kt qu ton b, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k
Vit Nam
3) S liu thng k ca 63 tnh v thnh ph, 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Lu : 4) GDP ca thnh ph H Ni l s liu tnh n 2008 vo thi im m rng thnh ph.
Hnh 2-9
10
Bo co tin (2)
2.2.2
Cc n v hnh chnh
Thnh ph H Ni, Hi Phng, Nng v H Ch Minh l cc thnh ph trc thuc trung
ng, c cc qun ni thnh, th x v huyn. Qun c phn thnh cc phng, cc th x
c phn thnh cc phng v x. Huyn c chia thnh cc th trn v x.
Cc tnh Tha Thin Hu, ng Nai, Bnh Dng v B Ra Vng Tu c mt thnh ph
thuc tnh v/hoc th x v huyn. Qun c phn thnh cc phng, cc th x c phn
thnh cc phng v x. Huyn c chia thnh cc th trn v x..
Bng 2-6
Cc n v hnh chnh trn khu vc nghin cu (2009)

Thnh
ph thuc
tnh
Tnh/Thnh ph
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Thnh ph Nng
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Qun
Th x
10
7
1
6
1
1
1
1
Phng
Huyn
19
18
8
8
2
9
6
6
5
Th trn
154
70
24
45
29
11
24
259
22
10
9
6
9
7
5
401
143
119
11
136
71
51
58
Ngun: Nin gim thng k Vit Nam 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
2.2.3
S dng t
Mc d cc thnh ph v tnh thuc khu vc nghin cu tng ng vi phn ln cc khu vc
th ho ca t nc, nhng phn ln t i ang c s dng cho cc mc ch t sn
xut nng nghip v t rng.
Bng 2-7

Thnh ph Tha
Thin Hu
km2
%
554
11%
2.891
57%
209
4%
160
3%
1.249
25%
5.063
100%
Thnh ph
Nng
km2
%
87
7%
678
53%
392
31%
58
4%
68
5%
1.283
100%
Tnh B Ra
Vng Tu
km2
%
km2
%
km2
%
t sn xut nng nghip
2.875
49%
2.012
75%
1.061
53%
t rng
1.792
30%
125
5%
352
18%
t chuyn dng
452
8%
338
12%
302
15%
t
145
2%
81
3%
49
3%
Khc
639
11%
139
5%
223
11%
Tng
5.903
100%
2.695
100%
1.987
100%
Ngun:
Nim gim thng k Vit Nam nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Thnh ph H Ch
Minh
km2
%
753
36%
344
16%
306
15%
212
10%
481
23%
2.096
100%
t sn xut nng nghip

t rng
t chuyn dng
t
Khc
Tng
Phn loi
Thnh ph Hi
Phng
km2
%
512
34%
220
14%
235
15%
131
9%
424
28%
1.522
100%
Thnh ph H Ni
Phn loi
km2
1.532
241
686
349
537
3.345
%
46%
7%
21%
10%
16%
100%
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
T l t s dng cho cc mc ch thm c (t chuyn dng v t ) l 31% thnh

ph H Ni, 24% thnh ph Hi Phng, 36% thnh ph Nng, v 35% thnh ph H
11
Bo co tin (2)
Ch Minh. T l ny t hn cc tnh khc, c th l 7% tnh Tha Thin Hu, 10% tnh

ng Nai, 16% tnh Bnh Dng v 17% tnh B Ra Vng Tu.
T l t s dng cho cc mc ch thm c cho thy dn s v cc hot ng kinh t tp
trung cao mt s th nht nh.
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Thnh ph Nng
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
Tnh B Ra - Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Din tch (km2)
5,000
6,000
7,000
t chuyn dng + t
t sn xut nng nghip + t lm nghip
Cc loi t khc
Ngun: Nim gim thng k Vit Nam 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Hnh 2-10
2.2.4
Dn s
Thnh ph H Ch Minh l thnh ph ln nht Vit Nam vi dn s 7,16 triu, trong dn
s th l 5,97 triu ngi (chim 83% tng s dn) v dn s nng thn l 1,19 triu (17%).
Thnh ph H Ni l thnh ph ln th hai v c 6,45 triu ngi trong dn s th l
2,64 triu (41%) v dn s nng thn l 3,81 triu ngi (59%). Thnh ph Hi Phng ln th
ba vi 1,84 triu dn, tip l thnh ph Nng vi 0,89 triu dn.
Bn (4) tnh cn li c mt thnh ph thuc tnh v/hoc th x cng nh cc th nh hn.
Cc thnh ph v th x chnh cc tnh ny l thnh ph Hu (tnh Tha Thin Hu: dn s l
0,34 triu ngi), thnh ph Bin Ho (tnh ng Nai: 0,7 triu), th x Th Du Mt (tnh
Bnh Dng: 0,22 triu), v thnh ph Vng Tu (tnh B Ra Vng Tu: 0,3 triu).
Bng 2-8
Thnh ph/Tnh
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Thnh ph Nng
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Dn s khu vc nghin cu (2009)

th
1.000 ng
2.641.6
849.1
393.0
773.5
828.0
448.3
496.1
5.964.0
%
41%
46%
36%
87%
33%
30%
50%
83%
Nng thn
1.000 ng
%
3.830.6
59%
992.6
54%
695.7
64%
117.0
13%
1.663.3
67%
1.048.8
70%
500.8
50%
1.201.2
17%
Tng
1.000 ng
6.472.2
1.841.7
1.088.7
890.5
2.491.3
1.497.1
996.9
7.165.2
%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Ngun: Tng iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
12
Bo co tin (2)
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Thnh ph Nng
th
Nng thn
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
Tnh B Ra - Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Dn s (Nghn)
Hnh 2-11
Dn s ti khu vc nghin cu (2009)
Tc tng trng dn s bnh qun khu vc nghin cu c t mc cao nht l 7,5%/nm

tnh Bnh Dng v thp nht l 0,4%/nm tnh Tha Thin Hu trong giai on 2000
2009.Trong tm (8) thnh ph/tnh khu vc nghin cu, su (6) thnh ph/tnh c tc
tng trng dn s cao hn trung bnh c nc l 1.2%/nm.
Dn s th tng vi tc l 4.0%/nm (2000 2007) v 1,7%/nm (2008 2009) ti
thnh ph H Ni v 3,5% thnh ph H Ch Minh. Thnh ph Hi Phng, tnh Bnh Dng
v tnh B Ra Vng Tu c tc tng trng dn s th cao hn mc trung bnh ca c
nc l 3.5%.
Dn s nng thn c xu hng gim thnh ph Hi Phng min Bc, tnh Tha Thin Hu
v thnh ph Nng min Trung ca Vit Nam. Trong khi , dn s nng thn vn tip
tc tng tnh ng Nai, Bnh Dng, B Ra Vng Tu v thnh ph H Ch Minh nm
khu vc pha Nam.
Bng 2-8
Tng trng dn s ti khu vc th im (2000-2009)
Thnh ph/tnh
Thnh ph H Ni (2000-2007)
Thnh ph H Ni (2008-2009)
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Thnh ph Nng
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
thi
4,0%
1,7%
4,0%
2,5%
3,5%
3,1%
7,4%
3,9%
3,5%
Nng thn
-0,5%
1,4%
-1,1%
-0,6%
-2,0%
1,7%
7,6%
0,5%
3,4%
Tng
2,2%
1,2%
0,9%
0,4%
2,6%
2,2%
7,5%
2,1%
3,5%
2.2.5
Kinh t
Do khu vc nghin cu qu trnh th ho pht trin v tp trung nhiu hot ng kinh t,
phn ln GDP y n t Cng Nghip, Xy Dng v Dch V.
13
Bo co tin (2)
Thnh ph H Ch Minh c GDP cao nht vi 228.795 t VND tnh theo gi c nh, trong
nng nghip, lm nghip v thu sn chim 1%, cng nghip v xy dng chim 46%, v dch
v chim 52%. Tnh B Ra Vng Tu c GDP ln th hai vi 119.116 t VND, nh qu trnh
cng nghip ho tp trung nhanh chng taijddaay. Cng nghip v xy dng chim 89% tng
GDP ca tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Thnh ph H Ni c GDP l 117.525 t VND, trong
nng nghip, lm nghip v thu sn chim 9%, cng nghip v xy dng chim 38%, dch v
chim 53%.
Bng 2-9
GDP theo gi c nh phn theo hot ng kinh t ti khu vc nghin cu (2007)
Nng nghip, lm
Cng nghip v Xy
Dch v
Tng
nghip v thu sn
dng
Thnh ph/Tnh
T
T
T
T
%
%
%
%
VND
VND
VND
VND
11.047
9%
44.424
38%
62.053
53%
117.525 100%
Thnh ph H Ni
3.407
11%
11.742
38%
16.117
51%
31.265 100%
Thnh ph Hi Phng
2.043
20%
3.717
36%
4.501
44%
10.261 100%
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
616
4%
7.207
47%
7.461
49%
15.284 100%
Thnh ph Nng
5.175
12%
24.714
58%
12.943
30%
42.832 100%
Tnh ng Nai
1.442
6%
14.572
65%
6.619
29%
22.633 100%
Tnh Bnh Dng
2.692
2%
106.196
89%
10.279
9%
119.166 100%
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu
3.057
1%
106.052
47%
119.686
52%
228.795 100%
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Ngun:
S liu thng k kinh t - x hi ca 63 tnh v thnh ph nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Ch thch: GDP ca thnh ph H Ni l s liu tnh n 2008 vo thi im m rng thnh ph.
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Nng lm ng nghip
Cng nghip v Xy dng
Dch v
Thnh ph Nng
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
Tnh B Ra - Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
GDP (T VND)
Ngun:
S liu thng k kinh t - x hi ca 63 tnh v thnh ph nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
Ch thch: GDP ca thnh ph H Ni l s liu tnh n 2008 vo thi im m rng thnh ph.
Hnh 2-12
GDP theo gi c nh phn loi theo hot ng kinh t

khu vc nghin cu (2007)
Ti khu vc nghin cu, tng trng thc t bnh qun ca GDP tnh theo gi c nh nm
1994 cho giai on 2000 2007 vt mc 10%/nm, ngoi tr B Ra Vng Tu tng
trng 5,7%. Tnh Bnh Dng c tc tng trng 15,3%/nm, tip l tnh ng Nai
(13,4%) v thnh ph Nng (12,1%), Tnh B Ra Vng Tu c GDP bnh qun u
ngi cao nht l 123 triu vo nm 2007. Thnh ph H Ch Minh t mc 33 triu vo nm
2007. GDP bnh qun u ngi ca H Ni l 33 triu vo nm 2007 v sau gim xung
18 triu vo nm 2008 do vic m rng ra cc huyn ngoi thnh. GDP bnh qun u ngi
cc tnh v thnh ph khc mc t 9 n 18 triu VND.
14
Bo co tin (2)
Thnh ph H Ni
33
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
Thnh ph Nng
17
9
18
Tnh ng Nai
18
Tnh Bnh Dng
17
Tnh B Ra - Vng Tu
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
123
34
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
GDP bnh qun u ngi (triu VND)
S liu thng k kinh t - x hi ca 63 tnh v thnh ph nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit
Nam
Ch thch: Tc tng trng GDP ca thnh ph H Ni l s liu cho giai on 2000 2007 trc khi m rng
thnh ph.
Tc tng trng GDP bnh qun u ngi ca thnh ph H Ni l s liu cho giai on 2000 2007
trc khi m rng thnh ph.
Ngun
Hnh 2-13
2.2.6
T l tng trng GDP thc t (2000-2007) v GDP bnh qun u ngi (2007)
khu vc nghin cu
Cc th
C bn (4) thnh ph trc thuc trung ng, c th l H Ni (loi c bit), thnh ph Hi
Phng (loi I) v thnh ph H Ch Minh (loi c bit), bao gm c cc th v tinh ch
yu c xp loi V.
Thnh ph Hu (tnh Tha Thin Hu) c xp loi I. Thnh ph Bin Ho (tnh ng Nai)
v thnh ph Vng Tu (tnh B Ra Vng Tu) c xp loi II. Th x Sn Tay (thnh ph
H Ni), th x Th Du Mt (tnh Bnh Dng) v th x B Ra (tnh B Ra Vng Tu)
c xp loi III. Ngoi ra, c nm (5) th loi IV, bao gm hai (2) th x thuc tnh v ba
(3) th trn.
15
Bo co tin (2)
Bng 2-10
Thnh ph/Tnh
th 1)
Loi
1)
Cc th khu vc nghin cu
Dn s (2009) 2)
Nng
th
thn
Tng
2.644.536 3.807.373 6.451.909
2.644.536 3.807.373 6.451.909
(66.517)
(59.232) (125.749)
846.191
990.982 1.837.173
Ch thch
Thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph H Ni
c bit
Thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng
(Th x Sn Ty)
(III)
Th x, thuc thnh ph H Ni
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Thnh ph Hi
Phng
I
846.191
990.982 1.837.173 Thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng
Tnh Tha Thin Hu
391.112
696.308 1.087.420
Thnh ph Hu
I
302.983
32.592
335.575 Thnh ph thuc tnh
Th x Hng Thu
IV
13.497
82.625
96.122 Th x thuc tnh
Th x T H
IV
Th trn/Huyn Hng Tr
74.632
581.091
655.723
Khc
Thnh ph Nng
770.911
116.524
887.435
Thnh ph
Nng
I
770.911
116.524
887.435 Thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng
Tnh ng Nai
824.823 1.661.331 2.486.154
Thnh ph Bin
Ho
II
652.646
48.548
Th x Long Khnh
IV
50.615
80.089
Khc
121.562 1.532.694 1.654.256
Tnh Bnh Dng
443.245 1.038.305 1.481.550
Th x Th Du
Mt
III
187.379
35.466
Th trn Li Thiu
IV
Th trn/Huyn Thun An
Th trn D An
IV
255.866 1.002.839 1.258.705 Th trn/Huyn D An
Khc
Tnh B Ra Vng Tu
496.885
499.797
996.682
Thnh ph Vng
Tu
II
282.415
13.822
Th x B Ra
III
66.341
28.384
Khc
148.129
457.591
605.720
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
5.968.384 1.194.480 7.162.864
Thnh ph H Ch
Minh
c bit 5.968.384 1.194.480 7.162.864 Thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng
Ngun: 1) Loi th cn c theo trang web ca B Xy dng.
2) S liu v dn s cn c theo Tng iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nam nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng
k Vit Nam
16
Bo co tin (2)
CHNG 3
TNG QUAN NGNH CP NC TH
3.1
Tng quan
3.1.1
Hin trng trn ton quc

Theo thng tin gn y c B Xy dng (MOC) cng b, hin trng cp nc th da
trn s liu nm 2009 nh sau:
1)
Hu ht tt c cc th thuc tnh (63 tnh) v ang c nhng d n u t phc hi,

nng cp, m rng h thng cp nc. Nhu cu s dng nc cc th v cc khu
cng nghip ln nhn chung c p ng.
2)
Cc ngun nc mt chim 70% trong tng s cc ngun nc v nc ngm chim

30%.
3)
68 cng ty cp nc (WSCs) ang cung cp nc sch cho cc th. Hin nay c hn

420 h thng cp nc v tng cng sut thit k ca h thng cp nc ny t 5,9 triu
m3/ngy. Cc c s sn xut nc c tp trung nng cp nhng vic ci thin h thng
phn phi, v d nh phc hi cc mng li c v m rng mng li mi vn cha
c quan tm ng mc. Do , cng sut vn hnh ca h thng cp nc ch mc
4,5 triu m3/ngy chim 77% cng sut thit k.
4)
T l phc v bnh qun l 73% v thay i t 75% n 90% cc thnh ph ln, c th:
H Ni l 88,5% v thnh ph H Ch Minh l 87%.
5)
T l tht thot nc c gim ng k xung mc bnh qun l 30% vo nm 2009, so

vi 40% nm 2000, tuy nhin cn cao so vi cc nc khc. Lng nc tiu th bnh
qun l 90 lt/ngi/ngy, 110 n 130 lt/ngi/ngy nhng trung tm ln v 70 80
lt/ngi/ngy nhng th trn/th x nh.
Trong khi , theo ti liu ca ADB, mc phc v cp nc th ang c ci thin

cc thnh ph ln nhng vn cn phi tip tc ci thin cc thnh ph trung bnh v nh.
3.1.2
(1)
1)
Tnh n nm 2008, t l phc v l khong 70% cc th c bit v loi I, 45% n

55% cc th loi II v III, 30% n 35% cc th loi IV, v 10% n 15% cc
th loi V. Theo nghin cu tiu chun do Hip hi cp thot nc Vit Nam
(VWSA) thc hin, 60% cng ty cp thot nc m bo cung cp nc 24 gi trong
ngy nhng hu ht nhng cng ty cn li ch vn hnh 14 n 20 gi mt ngy, v mt
s thnh ph ch c th vn hnh 8 n 10 gi mt ngy.
2)
cc th, dn s c th tip cn vi cc ngun nc c cht lng chnh thc l

98%. Trong , dn s th c th tip cn vi ngun nc ny ngay ti nh ch c 59%.
Phn 39% cn li tip cn cc ngun nc c cht lng nh cc im cp nc cng
cng hoc cc ging nc m bo. Ch c mt phn ba trong s 754 th x/th trn c
ng ng cp nc.
Cc ngun nc
Nc mt
1)
Min Bc
h thng sng Hng sng Thi Bnh, cc con sng c mc nc thay i theo ma v
c nng cao cc cht tri ni. Trc y, cc im ly nc thng c nhng kh
khn do cc cht ng cn v s xut hin ca l vo ma ma. T nhng nm 1990, cc
gii php cho hin trng ny c tin hnh vi ngun ti chnh ODA nhm phc hi
v nng cp cc c s cp nc t nhng nm 1990.
17
Bo co tin (2)
Cc im ly nc ti cc h thy li hoc knh thng thiu nc vo ma kh do vic

khai thc nc cha c qun l hp l. Mc d c quy nh u tin cho mc ch cp
nc th, vic s dng nc cho thy li cng lm gim lu lng nc sn c ti cc
im ly nc t nhin.
Da vo nhu cu khai thc nc mt ti thnh ph H Ni, h thng cp nc u tin
da trn cc ngun nc mt ca sng c hon thnh vi cng sut thit k l
300.000 m3/ngy v c vn hnh mt phn t sau nm 2009.
2)
Min Trung
Cc con sng c c im l c s thay i ln v lu lng theo ma. Do s gim bt
ca lu lng nc sng vo ma kh, vn xm nhp mn din ra mt s khu vc.
Sng Hng l ngun nc chnh cung cp nc cho thnh ph Hu. Con sng ny
chu tc ng ca vic xm nhp mn vo ma kh. gii quyt vn ny, vo nm
2005, p Tho Long c c xy dng vng h lu ca im ly nc nhm ngn
chn vic xm nhp mn. Vic xm nhp mn cng din ra ti sng Ty Loan, ngun
nc chnh ca thnh ph Nng.
3)
Min Nam
Lu vc sng ng Nai bao ph khu vc ng dn nht c nc, bao gm thnh ph H
Ch Minh v cc tnh ln cn nh tnh Bnh Dng, ng Nai v B Ra Vng Tu.
Sng ng Nai v nhnh chnh ca sng Si Gn c s dng lm ngun nc mt
cung cp cho cc th v cc khu cng nghip tp trung pha Nam ca lu vc. Do
qu trnh th ha i km vi s pht trin cng nghip ti lu vc sng, vng h lu
ca cc con sng ang i mt vi nguy c nhim nc.
Thnh ph H Ch Minh c cp nc ly t cc ngun nc mt ca sng Si Gn v
sng ng Nai. Cng sut sn xut nc da trn cc ngun nc mt ni trn l
1.350.000 m3/ngy phc v vic cp nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. Do qu trnh
th ha i km vi s pht trin cng nghip ti cc vng ln cn, cc im ly nc trn
sng Si Gn ang c nguy c nhim nc. Ti im ly nc mt ti sng Si Gn vi
cng sut 300.000 m3/ngy, nhim nc mc nghim trng. Thnh ph H Ch
Minh ang xem xt di chuyn im ly nc mt sng Si Gn ti im u thng lu
ti h Du Ting tnh Ty Ninh.
Tnh ng Nai ang khai thc nc mt t sng ng Nai v cc nhnh ca n v/hoc
cc h. Cng sut sn xut nc da trn cc ngun nc mt ni trn phc v cho
nhu cu cp nc l 240.000 m3/ngy.
(2)
Nc ngm
Phn ln cc thnh ph s dng nc ngm u c cng sut sn xut nh (t 5000 n
15.000 m3/ngy) ti mc trung bnh (t 20.000 n 40.000 m3/ngy) phc v mc ch c
nc. Trong khi , thnh ph H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh ang khai thc mt lng
ln nc ngm.
Thnh ph H Ni c cp nc ch yu t nc ngm vi mc sn xut trung bnh l
600.000 m3/ngy. Phn ln nc c sn xut trung tm thnh ph ti cc qun ni thnh
v huyn ngoi thnh pha Ty Nam ca sng Hng. C th thy lng khai thc cho php
l 700.000 m3/ngy cc khu vc tng ng cho ti nm 2010. Tuy nhin, pht hin mt
s nguy c i vi ngun nc ngm nh mc nc ngm gim ti cc ging sn xut, gim
sn xut nc ngm v t ln st.
thnh ph H Ch Minh, lng nc ngm c th khai thc lu di c c tnh l 500.000
n 800.000 m3/ngy. Vic khai thc nc ngm (vo nm 2005) c tnh l khong 600.000
m3/ngy phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Ngun nc ngm ang phi i mt vi
nguy c xm nhp mn, mc nc ngm h thp v s nhim bn. Do , vic cp nc th
da trn ngun nc ngm vn cn hn ch ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. H thng cp nc
ti ging Hc Mn c phc hi vi cng sut thit k l 72.000 m3/ngy.
18
Bo co tin (2)
3.1.3
Cc nh my x l nc
Thnh ph H Ni c cp nc ch yu t nc ngm vi mc sn xut trung bnh l
600.000m3/ngy vi 14 nh my x l nc (WTP) chnh (cng sut thit k t 30.000 n
80.000 m3/ngy) v mt s cc nh my x l nc nh khu vc H Ni c cng nh qun
H ng v thnh ph Sn Ty sau khi sp nhp vo H Ni nm 2008. Nhng nh my x l
nc ny c vn hnh di s qun l ca Cng ty nc sch H Ni (HAWACO). Do
nc u vo c ly t cc ging su nn c cha st (Fe) v Mangan (Mn2+), tt c cc nh
my x l nc cn phi c quy trnh lc Fe v Mn2+. Ti nh my x l nc ti Nam Du
(cng sut30.000 m3/ngy) bt u t nm 2001 c quy trnh lc sinh hc loi b cht
(NH4+) bn cnh quy trnh loi b Fe v Mn2+ .
Nh my x l nc u tin da trn cc ngun nc mt ca sng c xy dng ti H
Ni vi cng sut thit k 300.000 m3/ngy v c vn hnh mt phn t nm 2009. Nh
my x l nc ny v cc cng trnh cp nc khc c xy dng bi cng ty u t t
nhn (Tng cng ty xut nhp khu v xy dng Vit Nam: VINACONEX) v ang c vn
hnh bi mt cng ty cp nc mi c thnh lp ca VINACONEX.
thnh ph H Ch Minh, hai (2) WTP ln ang c vn hnh di s qun l ca Tng
cng ty cp nc Si Gn (SAWACO). Nh my x l nc Th c bt u hot ng t
nhng nm 1966 v l nh my x l nc u tin ly nc trc tip t sng ng Nai ti
Ha An cung cp cho thnh ph. Nh s ci to v nng cao nm 2002, nh my nc Th
c c cng sut sn xut thit k l 750.000 m3/ngy. Nh my nc Tn Hip ly nc t
nhin t sng Si Gn ti Ha Ph v c cng sut sn xut thit k l 300.000 m3/ngy.
Gn y, cc WTPs mi c u t ti thnh ph H Ch Minh bi cc nh u t t nhn.
Thm mt nh my x l nc na Th c c hon thnh v bt u vn hnh t
nm 2009 di s qun l ca Cng ty c phn B.O.O nc c thnh lp bi cc nh u t.
Cng sut sn xut thit k ca WTP ny l 300.000 m3/ngy h tr nc cung cp cho
cng ty SAWACO. Mt nh my khc l nh my x l nc Knh ng do C ty c phn
cp nc Knh ng u t. Nh my ny c cng sut sn xut thit k l 200,000 m3/ngy
ang trong qu trnh xy dng v s ly nc u vo thgn qua knh t h Du Tin tnh
Ty Ninh. Nc sch sn xut ti nh my ny s phc v cho vng Ty Bc ca thnh ph
H Ch Minh v h tr cp nc cho SAWACO.
Cc h thng cp nc cc thnh ph ln khc bao gm cc nh my x l nc vi cc
cng sut thit k thay i t 100.000 m3/ngy hoc t hn, ty thuc vo nhu cu s dng
nc.
3.1.4
Mng li phn phi nc

Hu ht cc mng li phn phi nc cc thnh ph Vit Nam c xy dng t trc
nhng nm 1970 v vn khng c ci to tnh n thi im 10 nm trc. Trc nhng
nm 1990, s xung cp ca cc mng li phn phi nc tr nn nghim trng v lng
nc cung cp, lc v cht lng khng p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng. Nc sn xut
ti WTP b tht thot ln do s r r vt l trong qu trnh phn phi nc.
T nhng nm 1990 n nay, trong cc d n ci to v m rng vi ngun vn ODA, vic
thit k, xy dng v cung cp thit b cho cc mng li phn phi nc c thc hin
trn c s tiu chun hin i. Nh vo nhng thnh qu trong nhng nm , cc h thng
phn phi nc c nhng ci thin ng k mt s cc thnh ph chnh.
thnh ph Hi Phng, h thng cung cp nc ang xung cp nghim trng vi t l tht
thot nc vt mc 70% tng lng nc sn xut trc nm 1993 v khng th cung cp
nc p ng c ngi tiu dng. Tnh hnh ni trn c ci thin vi s h tr ca
ngun vn ODA ca Phn Lan v Ngn hng Th gii, thng qua vic tng cng qun l
19
Bo co tin (2)
mng li phn phi nc vi nhiu hot ng pht trin nng lc cho cc cng ty cp nc
(WSC) k t nm 1993. Theo thng tin gn y cng b bi Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin
cp nc Hi Phng, cng ty gim c t l nc khng c li nhun (NRW) xung 20%
vo nm 2008 nh ci thin cht lng dch v vi qun l theo phong cch doanh nghip
c xy dng.
Mt s WSC cng gim c t l NRW xung mc chp nhn c. Theo kho st ca
JICA (2009), Cng ty TNHH nh nc mt thnh vin xy dng v cp nc Hu t t l
nc khng c li nhun l 15%, v Cng ty c phn cp nc B Ra Vng Tu t t l
di 15%.
Trong khi , nh gp ca B Xy dng, nhu cu ci thin v/hoc m rng mng li phn
phi nc tr thnh mt vn u tin trong ngnh cp nc Vit Nam. Trong giai on
u pht trin cc h thng cp nc, cc khon u t ch yu tp trung vo cc cng trnh
thng lu nh im ly nc t nhin, ng ng vn chuyn, WTP, ng ng dn, v cc
ng ng phn phi chnh. Do , c s chnh lch v thi gian trong qu trnh pht trin
h thng cp nc gia cc cng trnh thng lu v vic phc hi/m rng mng li phn
phi v mng li dch v.
T t l lng nc tht thot l khong 30% tnh trung bnh c nc, rt nhiu nh my cp
nc th vn c t l nc tht thot ln. Ngay c nhng thnh ph ln, theo bo co t
l nc tht thot vn mc 30% ti thnh ph H Ni v 40% thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Ngoi ra, theo bo co, nh my x l nc do VINACONEX vn hnh mi ch hot ng vi
1/3 cng sut thit k (300.000 m3/ngy) do s chm tr trong vic m rng mng li phn
phi nc.
3.1.5
Ci cch trong ngnh

T nhng nm 1990, nhiu trch nhim v cng trnh cng cng bao gm cp thot nc
c phi tp trung ha Vit Nam. Cc UBND tnh (PPC) l c quan c trch nhim gim st
vic thc hin d n cng nh vn hnh v duy tr cc cng trnh cp thot nc a phng
mnh. Di s qun l ca cc PPC, vic vn hnh v bo tr cc cng trnh cng cng c
thc hin bi cc doanh nghip nh nc (SOEs), bao gm cc cng ty cp nc v thot
nc v cc cng ty khc lin quan n cc c s h tng th
Chnh ph thc y c phn ha, c nh ngha l qu trnh chuyn i s hu m
hnh sn xut t mt ch th sang nhiu ch th. Vic c phn ha cc doanh nghip nh nc
do chnh l s a dng ha quyn s hu bao gm c s hu t nhn. mt s loi doanh
nghip nh nc nht nh, chnh ph vn duy tr t l s hu ton phn hoc li nhun kim
sot (trn 50% vn). Trong khi , cng c cc SOEs cha c c phn ha do c tm
quan trng chin lc.
Quyt nh 38/2007/QD-TTg, ngy 20 thng 3 nm 2007 v tiu ch phn loi v danh sch
cc doanh nghip 100% vn nh nc, nu r cc SOEs v cp thot nc cc th
c phn loi thnh nhng cng ty cn c phn ha v nh nc nm gi hn 50% vn.
Thc hin quyt nh , qu trnh c phn ha cc cng ty cp nc (WSCs) phc v cc
th loi III hoc cao hn hon thnh vo 30 thng 6 nm 2010.
i vi qu trnh c phn ha cc WSCs nh trn, ADB ch ra rng qu trnh phn cp
ang c trin khai v chnh quyn a phng v cc c quan trc thuc vn cha c
chun b sn sng tip nhn cc trch nhim c giao do hin nay cn tn ti mt s vn
nh sau.
1)
C phn ha vn cha em li hiu qu, v cc cng ty cp nc cha trin khai cc hot

ng chnh v thiu sng kin m rng cc h thng phn phi ti cc khu vc bin.
2)
Quyt nh v tng ph li khng thuc v WSCs m do cc PPCs, nhng i tng c rt

t ng lc tng ph.
20
Bo co tin (2)
C th thy rng vic cha xc nh r quyn s hu i vi cc ti sn v x l, vn chuyn,

phn phi nc ang vn n tnh trng vn hnh v bo tr km hiu qu, gy ra s xung
cp dn v cht lng.
3.2
Cc khung chnh sch hin hnh
3.2.1
Khung php l
Ngh nh 117/2007/ND-CP ngy 11 thng 7 nm 2007 v sn xut, cung cp v s dng nc
sch iu chnh cc hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut, cung cp v tiu dng nc sch vi
cc h thng cp nc tp trung ti cc th, vng nng thn, cc khu cng nghip, cc khu
ch xut, cc khu cng ngh cao v cc vng kinh t (di y c gi tt l cc khu cng
nghip). Ngh nh ny cng quy nh cc quyn v ngha v ca cc t chc, c nhn v cc
h gia nh tham gia vo cc hot ng lin quan n sn xut, cung cp v tiu th nc sch
Vit Nam.
3.2.2
nh hng pht trin trong thp nin va qua

Trong thp nin va qua, s pht trin h thng cp nc th Vit Nam c quy
hoch v thc hin theo Quyt nh 63/1998/QD-TTg, ngy 18 thng 3 nm 1998, ph duyt
nh hng cp nc th v cc khu cng nghip n nm 2020.
Quyt nh xc nh cc tiu ch cn thc hin trong qu trnh pht trin cc h thng cp
nc th v trong qu trnh xy dng cc d n u t ph hp nhm pht trin dchv cp
nc mt cch n nh v bn vng, bao gm cc mc tiu ch yu sau.
1)
n nm 2020, 100% dn s th c cp nc sch vi tiu chun t 120 n 150

lt/ngy/ngi n nm s dng nc sch thng qua vic khai thc, s dng hp l v
bo v ti nguyn nc
2)
Ci to c cu t chc ca ngnh nc v i mi chnh sch ti chnh v xy dng

ngun vn cho cng tc cp nc th
3)
Hin i ho cng ngh thit b v o to nhn lc
4) Khuyn khch cc thnh phn kinh t u t vo ngnh cp nc th

Quyt nh ny nu r rng cc cng ty cp nc (WSCs) cn xy dng nng lc ti chnh
chi tr cho ph hot ng v bo dng cng nh u t hn na ci thin v m rng
cc c s cp nc
3.2.3
(1)
Cc nh hng pht trin gn y

Quan im ch o
Nm 2009, chnh ph cp nht cc nh hng pht trin cp nc th. Quyt nh
1929/2009/QD-TTg ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2009 m t cc nh hng pht trin cp nc ti
cc th v cc cng nghip ti Vit Nam n nm 2025 v tm nhn n 2050.
Quan im ch o ca Quyt nh ny l:
1)
Hot ng cp nc l loi hnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh chu s kim sot ca nh
nc nhm m bo quyn v li ch hp php ca cc n v cp nc v khc hng s
dng nc, trong c xt n vic h tr cp nc cho ngi ngho, cc khu vc c
bit kh khn.
2)
Pht trin hot ng cp nc bn vng trn c s khai th ti u mi ngun lc, p ng

nhu cu s dng nc sch; cung cp nc n nh, bo m cht lng, dch v tt v
kinh t.
21
Bo co tin (2)
3)
Khai thc, sn xut v cung cp nc sch khng ph thuc vo a gii hnh chnh. u
tin khai thc cc ngun nc cp nc cho mc ch sinh hot ca cng ng.
4)
Khuyn khch s dng nc sch hp l, tit kim, an ton v p dng cng ngh ti s
dng nc cho cc mc ch khc.
5)
ng dng cc tin b khoa hc v cng ngh tng bc hin i ho ngnh cp nc,

tin dn ti trnh qun l v vn hnh ca cc nc tin tin trn th gii.
6)
X hi ho ngnh cp nc, huy ng mi thnh phn kinh t bao gm cc t chc, c

nhn tham gia u t pht trin cp nc v nng t trng cc thnh phn t nhn tham
gia vo hot ng cp nc.
Tm nhn n nm 2050 l p ng y cc nhu cu cp nc ti cc th v khu cng

nghip (bao gm khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, khu kinh t) trn c s
cp nc n nh, cht lng bo m, dch v tt v kinh t.
(2)
Cc mc tiu pht trin n nm 2025

Pht trin ngnh cp nc nhm t ti 100% t l bao ph dch v vi tiu chun cp nc
bnh qun l 120 lt/ngi/ngy, t l tht thot tht thu nc gim xung 15%, v dch v cp
nc n nh 24 gi/ngy ti tt c cc th ti Vit Nam vo nm 2025.
Bng 3-1
Cc mc tiu pht trin cp nc th
Ch tiu
T l bao ph dch v
(%)
Tiu chun cp nc
(lt/ngi/ngy)
T l tht thot tht thu
(%)
n nh dch v
(Gi)
Ngun:
(3)
Loi th
Loi III hoc cao hn
Loi IV
Loi V
Loi III hoc cao hn
Loi IV
Loi V
Loi III hoc cao hn
Loi IV
Loi V
Loi III hoc cao hn
Loi IV
Loi V
Nm
2015
90
Nm
2025
100
70
120
120
100
18
15
25
24
24
--
Quyt nh 1930/2009/QD-TTg ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2009, ph duyt cc nh hng pht trin cp

nc th v cc khu cng nghip ti Vit Nam n nm 2025 v tm nhn n 2050
Cc nguyn tc thc hin

t c cc mc tiu pht trin n nm 2025, Quyt nh ny quy nh nhng nguyn
tc thc hin i vi tm (8) vn .
1)
Ngun nc
2)
u t, pht trin v qun l cc h thng cp nc
3)
C ch v chnh sch cho lnh vc cp nc
4)
Nghin cu v pht trin cng ngh, vt t v thit b lnh vc cp nc
5)
o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc
6)
Qun l lnh vc cp nc
7)
Gio dc v truyn thng
8)
Hp tc quc t
22
Bo co tin (2)
3.2.4
Cc k hoch cp nc an ton (WSP)

T chc y t th gii (WHO) v p dng cc k hoch cp nc an ton (WSP) trn c
nc .
T h tr ca WHO, B Xy dng ban hnh Quyt nh16/2008/QD-BXD ngy 31 thng
12 nm 2008 ban hnh quy ch m bo an ton cp nc. Quyt nh ny l khung php l
xy dng, thc hin v gim st cc WSP nhm m bo s an ton trong sn xut, cp v
tiu th nc. Quyt nh ny p dng i vi cc t chc c nhn trong v ngoi nc c cc
hot ng lin quan n sn xut, cung cp v tiu th nc sch trn lnh th Vit Nam.
Theo Quyt nh ny, mi WSC vi t cch l mt n v cp nc cn chun b l trnh bao
gm 10 bc thit lp WSP.
1)
Thnh lp i ng cn b thc hin WSP
2)
Bin son ti liu m t h thng cp nc t ngun nc ti khch hng s dng nc,

tiu chun cht lng nc v dch v
3)
Thit lp s quy trnh cng ngh h thng cp nc
4)
Xc nh, nh gi v sp xp th t u tin cc ri ro c th xy ra vi h thng cp

nc
5)
Xc nh cc k hoch qun l v phng nga ri ro
6)
Quy nh cc chun mc kim tra v nh gi vic thc hin k hoch kim sot
phng nga
7)
Kim tra v nh gi vic thc hin k hoch qun l phng nga, xy dng tiu ch nh
gi vic thc hin k hoch cp nc an ton
8)
Xy dng v trin khai cc chng trnh ph tr
9)
Thit lp quy trnh ng ph trong qun l ca WSC
10) Lp h thng ti liu thng tin lin lc
3.2.5
Chng trnh quc gia chng tht thot v tht thu nc sch (UFW/NRW)
Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh 2147/2010/Q-TTg ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2010, ph
duyt chng trnh quc gia chng tht thot v tht thu nc sch n nm 2025.
Quyt nh ny nhm thc thi Quyt nh 1929/2009/QD-TTg (20 thng 11 nm 2009) vi cc
mc tiu v gim thiu tht thot v tht thu nc sch (xung 18% vo nm 2020).
1)
Cc hot ng nng cao nhn thc cng ng
2)
Xy dng nng lc cho cc chnh quyn a phng
3)
Xy dng nng lc cho cc WSCs
4)
Xy dng v ci thin khung chnh sch v chng tht thot/tht thu nc sch
5)
nh gi v gim st cng tc chng tht thot/tht thu nc sch do cc l do k thut
Quyt nh ny cng cp n cc nguyn tc ti chnh thc hin chng trnh gim tht
thot/tht thu nc v b tr cc ngun vn khc nhau. Nhn chung, ngn sch nh nc, vin
tr khng hon li hoc cu phn khng hon li trong cc khon vay hn hp, v ngun vn
t c ca cc WSCs s c phn b cho cc hot ng nng cao nhn thc v xy dng nng
lc. ODA v cc khon vay thng mi, tn dng v cc ngun khc t cc ngnh kinh t khc
s c phn b cho c s h tng mng li phn phi nc.
Mt ban ch o (CSC) ca chng trnh quc gia UFW/NRW s c Th tng Chnh ph
thnh lp, trong B trng B Xy dng l trng ban v c cc i din t cc B lin
23
Bo co tin (2)
quan. Ban Ch o s c trch nhim (a) ch o xy dng k hoch hng nm v cc k hoch

5 nm thc hin chng trnh, (b) ch o thc hin chng trnh, (c) ch o v phi hp gii
quyt cc vn ngnh lin quan n chng trnh, (d) n c, kim tra v gim st vic
thc hin chng trnh ti cc a phng.
B Xy dng (MOC) s t chc ton b chng trnh. B K hoch v u t (MPI) v B
Ti chnh (MOF) s gii quyt cc vn ti chnh nh phn b ngn sch v c ch ti chnh
mt cch hiu qu cho chng trnh. Hip hi cp thot nc Vit Nam (VWSA) s hp tc
chia s cc kinh nghim ca cc WSCs, nh gi hot ng ca WSC v xut WSC t
c thnh tch tt nht.
U ban nhn dn tnh s (a) xy dng cc quy nh v hng dn da trn khung chnh sch
UFW/NRW, (b) xy dng cc k hoch hng nm v nm nm bao gm yu cu v kinh ph,
(c) thc hin cc hot ng ca chng trnh ti a phng, v (d) bo co cc hot ng cho
B Xy dng.
3.2.6
Gi nc
Gi nc th do UBND quy nh sau khi WSC trnh xut gi v thng sau khi
UBND nhn c s nht tr ca Hi ng nhn dn.
Nhn chung, gi nc thay i theo tng mc ch nh s dng sinh hot, cc n v hnh
chnh s nghip, cc hot ng kinh doanh, sn xut v dch v. Gi nc u c da trn
khi lng s dng v nhiu WSCs p dng mc gi lu tin (tng gi theo nh mc).
Thng 11 nm 2004, B Ti chnh v B Xy dng ban hnh Thng t lin tch
104/2004/TTLT-BTC-BXD, quy nh khung gi tiu th nc chung cho c nc, bao gm c
vng nng thn, d trn nguyn tc tnh cc yu t chi ph v li nhun hp l. Sau , gi
nc c tng hoc iu chnh v gip ci thin tnh hnh ti chnh ca cc WSCs.
H thng gi nc mi nht c da theo thng t 100/2009/TT-BTC ngy 20 thng 5 nm
2009, ban hnh khung gi tiu th nc sinh hot (bao gm VAT) do B Ti chnh ban hnh.
Bng 3-2
Khung gi nc
Gi ti thiu
(VND/m3)
3.000
2.000
1.000
Loi
th c bit v th loi I
th loi II, III, IV v V
Nng thn
Gi ti a
(VND/m3)
12.000
10.000
8.000
Ngun: Thng t 100/2009/TT-BTC ngy 20 thng 5 nm 2009 ban hnh khung gi tiu th nc sinh hot
do B Ti chnh ban hnh
H thng gi nc hin nay cn c theo Thng t nhng khc nhau ty theo tng tnh/thnh
ph. Gi nc c xem xt hng nm. V d, thnh ph H Ch Minh ln k hoch tng gi
nc ln 5% n 15% (tu thuc vo loi khch hng) trong vng ba (3) nm ti.
Bng 3-3
Gi nc hin nay (VND/m3, bao gm VAT)

Thnh ph Hi
Phng
8.558
Tnh TT Hu
3.623
4.988 - 8.085
Thnh ph
Nng
3.700 - 5.400
6.100 - 12.200
Tnh ng Nai
Tnh Bnh Dng
3.780 - 9.450
6.090 - 12.600
4.000 - 8.000
6.500 - 8.000
Tnh B Ra
Vng Tu
4.200 - 5.775
5.775 - 8.400
Thnh ph H Ch
Minh
4.200 - 10.500
7.035 - 12.400
Thnh ph H Ni
Sinh hot
Khc
Sinh hot
Khc
3.652 - 8.583
5.204 - 10.957
Ngun: Da trn s liu c sn trn trang web ca tng SWC
24
Bo co tin (2)
3.2.7
Cc t chc c lin quan

Ngh nh 117/2007/ND-CP xc nh trch nhim qun l nh nc v cp nc nh sau.
1)
Chnh ph s thc hin qun l nh nc thng nht i vi cc hot ng cp nc trn

lnh th Vit Nam; ban hnh v ch o thc hin cc chin lc v nh hng pht trin
cp nc cp quc gia.
2)
B Xy dng thc hin chc nng qun qun l nh nc v hot ng cp nc ti cc

th v khu cng nghip trn phm vi ton quc:
3)
Nghin cu, xy dng cc c ch, chnh sch v cp nc th v khu cng nghip

trnh Chnh ph hoc Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh hoc ban hnh theo thm
quyn;
Xy dng, trnh Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh v t chc thc hin cc chng
trnh, k hoch pht trin cp nc th v khu cng nghip cp quc gia;
Ban hnh cc quy chun, tiu chun, nh mc kinh t - k thut v cp nc th

v khu cng nghip;
Hng dn, ch o v kim tra hot ng cp nc th v khu cng nghip trn

phm vi ton quc.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (MARD) thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc
v hot ng cp nc ti cc khu vc nng thn:
Nghin cu, xy dng cc c ch, chnh sch v cp nc nng thn trnh Chnh ph
hoc Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh hoc ban hnh theo thm quyn;
trnh cp nc nng thn cp quc gia;
Ban hnh cc quy chun, tiu chun, nh mc kinh t - k thut v cp nc nng

thn;
Hng dn, ch o v kim tra hot ng cp nc nng thn trn phm vi ton
quc.
4)
B Y t (MOH) thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v sc kho cng ng, ban hnh
quy chun nc sch s dng cho mc ch sinh hot, t chc kim tra v gim st vic
thc hin quy chun nc sch trn phm vi ton quc. .
5)
B K hoch v u t (MPI):
6)
Nghin cu, xy dng c ch chnh sch nhm khuyn khch, huy ng cc ngun
vn u t trong nc v nc ngoi u t cho cc cng trnh cp nc;
Lm u mi vn ng ngun vn h tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA) cho u t

pht trin cp nc theo th t u tin c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt.
B Ti chnh(MOF):
Thng nht qun l v ti chnh i vi ngun vn h tr pht trin chnh

thc(ODA) cho u t pht trin cp nc;
Phi hp vi B Xy dng, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn hng dn

nguyn tc, phng php xc nh gi tiu th nc sch, ban hnh khung gi nc
sch v t chc kim tra, gim st vic thc hin trn phm vi ton quc
7)
Cc B, c quan ngang B trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim

phi hp vi B Xy dng, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn thc hin qun l
nh nc v hot ng cp nc.
8)
y ban nhn dn cp tnh trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim
trong vic thc hin qun l nh nc v hot ng cp nc trn a bn do mnh qun
25
Bo co tin (2)
l; quy nh chc nng, nhim v, phn cp qun l v hot ng cp nc cho cc c

quan chuyn mn v y ban nhn dn cc cp do mnh qun l. S Xy dng cc tnh v
S Giao thng cng chnh cc thnh ph trc thuc trung ng l c quan chuyn mn
tham mu, gip y ban nhn dn cp tnh thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v cp
nc th v khu cng nghip; S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn l c quan
chuyn mn tham mu, gip y ban nhn dn cp tnh thc hin chc nng qun l nh
nc v cp nc nng thn trn a bn.
9)
y ban nhn dn cc cp c trch nhim t chc v pht trin cc dch v cp nc cho

cc nhu cu khc nhau theo a bn qun l, ph hp vi s pht trin cng ng v tham
gia vo quy hoch chung ca vng v cp nc; khi c nhu cu v cp nc, y ban nhn
dn cc cp phi p dng cc bin php thch hp la chn hoc thnh lp mi n v
cp nc, h tr, to iu kin v t chc gim st vic thc hin Tho thun thc hin
dch v cp nc ca n v cp nc trn a bn do mnh qun l, bo m cc dch v
cp nc y , c sn s dng, p ng nhu cu s dng nc ca cng ng.
3.3
ODA
3.3.1
Ngn hng Th gii

Cc d n gn y do Ngn hng Th gii ti tr c lit k di y:
1)
D n cp nc Vit Nam (1997-2006)

D n nhm (a) ci thin cht lng ca dch v cp nc ti thnh ph H Ni, thnh
ph Hi Phng, tnh Qung Ninh v thnh ph Nng thong qua vic ci to cc c s
hin c nhm p ng nhu cu ca khong 2,5 triu ngi n nm 2000; (b) m bo s
bn vng ca cc khon u t thng qua pht trin nng lc th ch ca cc cng ty cp
nc (WSCs), to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh thng mi ho v nng cao k nng
ca nhn vin thng qua tp hun; v (c) h tr chun b chng trnh u t trong tng
lai nhm p ng nhu cu sau nm 2000. D n c thc hin bao gm cc hp phn
sau.
2)
Hp phn 1:
nh gi v nng cp cc c s cp nc
Hp phn 2:
Cc bin php qun l m bo s bn vng
Hp phn 3:
Cc hot ng h tr bao gm xy dng qun l, o to v nhiu

nghin cu a dng
Hp phn 4:
n b, ti nh c cho nhng ngi chu nh hng bi d n
D n pht trin cp nc th Vit Nam (2004-n nay)

Mc tiu ca d n l nhm ci thin dch v cp nc v v sinh ti cc h gia nh ti
cc th trn v cc th ln mt cch tit kim v thn thin vi mi trng thng qua
tng cng sc kho v tim nng kinh t ca cc h dn.
Hp phn 1:
L trnh cnh tranh u t vo cc thit b cp nc mi ti cc th

trn (15 th trn trong giai on 1 v 120 th trn trong giai on 2)
ni cc cng ty cp nc sn sng k hp ng thu ph vn
chuyn dch v thng qua cc quy trnh cnh tranh, v u t vo v
sinh h gia inh, bao gm chng trnh o to v sinh
Hp phn 2:
L trnh thc hin u t ci thin v m rng cc dch v ci

thin cc cng ty cp nc (Hi Phng ti giai on 1, thnh ph H
Ch Minh, tnh H Tnh v tnh Bnh Thun trong giai on 2)
Hp phn 3:
Xy dng c s cp nc c lp v ti chnh v c s cung cp

dch v v sinh
26
Bo co tin (2)
3.3.2
Hp phn 4:
u t xy dng nng lc cho ngnh cp nc v v sinh
Hp phn 5:
Qun l vic thc hin d n
ADB
S tham gia ca ADB trong ngnh nc v v sinh ca Vit Nam bt u t u nhng nm
1990. Ban u, ADB tham gia h tr v th ch v quy hoch ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh, sau
l khon vay u tin nhm phc hi cc h thng cp nc v v sinh ca thnh ph. Kt
qu ca khon vay cp ba th x thuc tnh to c s ci thin c s h tng hn 30 th
x cp tnh. Ph hp vi chnh sch ca chnh ph khuyn khch tng trng kinh t cc
vng cch xa cc thnh ph ln, hai khon vay tip theo h tr pht trin tng hp c s h
tng mi trng v dch v th x quy m trung bnh cc tnh min trung.
Cc khon vay v sau ang trong qu trnh chun b nhm h tr vic m rng cc h thng
cp nc thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng, Nng v tnh TT Hu.
Bng 3-4
D n v ngnh nc do ADB ti tr
D n
Phc hi h thng cp nc v v sinh ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
Nghin cu chnh sch gi nc quc gia
Tng cng nng lc th ch cho cng ty cp nc H Ch Minh
Quy hoch tng th cp nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
Xy dng nng lc qun l v quy hoch v sinh v cp nc
Cp nc v v sinh ti cc th x thuc tnh
Cp nc v v sinh ti cc th x thuc tnh (phn 2)
D n cp nc Hi Phng
D n cp nc thnh ph H Ch Minh
D n cp nc Hu
D n cp nc ti thnh ph Nng
D n pht trin cc th x va v nh min trung
D n pht trin kinh t - x hi ton din thnh ph Thanh Ha
Chng trnh u t ngnh nc Vit Nam, MFF
Chng trnh u t ngnh cp nc Vit Nam PFR 1
D n h tr ngnh nc Vit Nam PFR2
D n h tr ngnh nc Vit Nam PFR3
Loi
Khon vay
T/A
T/A
T/A
T/A
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A
T/A
T/A
T/A
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
MFF 1)
Khan vay
Khan vay
MFF1)
Giai on
1994-2004
1994-1996
1994-1998
1994-1996
1995-1999
1993-2004
1994-2007
1999-2010
200820082008200820042007 xut
xut
xut
xut
Ngun: Ti liu cng b trn trang web ca ADB

Ch thch: 1) C s ti chnh chia lm nhiu t
Vo thng 2 nm 2011, ADB cng b rng Ban gim c ca ADB ph duyt h tr ti

chnh 1 t ci thin vic tip cn ngun nc sch cho ba (3) triu gia nh ti Vit Nam,
bao gm mt na triu h ngho ln u tin c ng ng nc ti nh.
Vin tr ny l mt phn chng trnh u t tr gi gn 2,8 t vi s tham gia ca ADB,
Chnh ph Vit Nam, cc i tc pht trin v cc i tc ti chnh ca cng ty nc. Chng
trnh s gip cc cng ty nc ci thin v m rng vic cp nc sch mt s cc thnh ph
ln Vit Nam thng qua lp t cc ng ng mi v sa cha mng li hin ti. Bn
cnh ci thin c s h tng, chng trnh s tng cng cng tc qun l vn hnh v kh
nng sinh li thng mi ca cc cng ty nc.
27
Bo co tin (2)
ADB ang cung cp 138 triu USD cho d n u tin ca chng trnh thnh ph H Ch
Minh, ni c rt nhiu h ngho vn cha ng ng nc dn v nh, v ang phi tr s
tin nhiu gp i gi nc chnh thc. D n ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, s c thc hin
bi Cng ty Cp nc Si Gn (SAWACO), s ci thin p lc v t l bao ph ti hn 1 na
triu c dn thnh ph v cung cp nc cho hn 20.000 h gia nh. D n d kin s lm
tng kh nng cp nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh ln ti khong 64 triu m3/nm trong thp
nin ti.
3.3.3
Phn Lan
Phn Lan bt u hp tc vi Vit Nam trong ngnh nc vo nm 1985 vi Chng trnh
h tr cp nc ti H Ni (1985-2001). Sau l s tham gia vo Chng trnh cp nc v
v sinh ti thnh ph Hi Phng (1990-2004). S hp tc bao gm cc khon u t vo c s
h tng v h tr k thut cho ngnh vi mc tiu tng cng nng lc cho cc c quan nh
nc c lin quan v ci thin cc chnh sch ngnh ca chnh ph.
Vo nm 2004, Phn Lan m rng hp tc ti cc th x cp tnh quy m nh vi Chng
trnh cp nc v v sinh ti cc th x nh (WSPST) ti Vit Nam. Giai on 1 ca chng
trnh thc hin ti bn (4) tnh, c th l Bc Kn, Hi Phng, Hng Yn v Thi Bnh v ko
di n thng 8 nm 2009.
Giai on 2 ca d n bt u vo thng 9 nm 2009 v s kt thc vo thng 6 nm 2013.
Chng trnh c ba kt qu chnh: i) xy dng cc h thng nc sch v v sinh cho cc th
x nh, ii) tng cng cng tc qun l ti chnh, vn hnh v bo dng ti cc cng ty nc
s hu cc h thng nhm m bo s bn vng ca vic pht trin cung cp v v sinh nc
cc a phng v iii) vn hnh Qu quay vng nc (NRWF) thit lp mt h thng
quc gia ti tr cho cc khan u t tng t trong tng lai.
Ngoi ra, chng trnh cng tip tc cng vic t giai on 1 ca chng trnh hon thin xy
dng cc h thng cp nc v v sinh v h tr vic khi ng Phng th nghim nc ca
B Xy Dng.
Cc hot ng trong 41 d n ti 26 th x ti 8 tnh (4 ng bng sng Hng v 4 ti cc
tnh min ni pha Bc), bao gm;
1)
Mt (1) chng trnh v sinh v cp nc mi ti mt trong bn (4) tnh (Bc Kn, Hi

Phng, Hng Yn v Thi Bnh)
2)
Hai (2) chng trnh v sinh v cp nc cho 2 th x nh ca tng tnh thuc bn (4)
tnh min ni (H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi v Thi Nguyn)
Chng trnh WSPST c B Xy dng thc hin bi B XD v c h tr bi tp on t

vn ca cc cng ty Phn Lan.
3.3.4
Nht Bn
Vo nhng nm 1990, ODA ca Nht Bn cho ngnh cp nc dng ti tr cho cc h
thng cp nc ti cc th x nh vi t cch l cc tiu d n thuc cc chng trnh quc gia
v phc hi v ci thin iu kin sng ti cc th x nh v cc huyn. Ngoi ra, hai (2) d n
c hon thnh vi ngun ti chnh khng hon li, c th l Huyn Gia Lm thuc thnh
ph H Ni (32.100 m3/ngy, 1993-1995) v ti tnh Hi Dng (10.200 m3/ngy, 1998-2001).
D n pht trin cc h thng cp nc ti tnh ng Nai v tnh B Ra Vng Tu c ti
tr bi vn vay v bt u vo nm 1998 (100.000 m3/ngy ti tnh ng Nai v 50.000
m3/ngy ti tnh B Ra Vng Tu). Ti thnh ph H Ni, Nh my x l nc Thng Long
(50.000 m3/ngy) c hon thnh vo nm 2005 vi mt lot cc hot ng ci thin thng
qua d n pht trin c h tng Bc Thng Long Vn Tr thc hin bi ngun vn vay.
28
Bo co tin (2)
K t cui nhng nm 1990, ODA ca Nht Bn cho ngnh cp nc Vit Nam c thc
hin ch yu di dng chng trnh h tr k thut nng cao nng lc chuyn mn v
qun l ti WSCs.
1)
D n trung tm o to ngnh nc (2000-2003)

D n nhm mc ch nng cao nng lc qun l v cng ngh i vi cc cng trnh
ngnh nc ti Trng Cao ng Xy dng 2 ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. S h tr k
thut c dnh cho Trng Cao ng Xy dng s 2 vi mc ch xy dng cc kho
o to v (a) k hoch phn phi nc, (b) qun l doanh nghip v (c) gim t l nc
tht thot tht thu v t chc thc hin cc kho o to cho cc WSCs min Nam Vit
Nam.
2)
D n tng cng Qun l doanh nghip ca cc WSCs(2003-2005)

D n c thc hin di dng Chng trnh Hp tc JICA (JPP) v Chnh quyn thnh
ph Yokohama c cc i din ca Cc Thu li thnh ph Yokohama ti. Hp tc k
thut c thc hin ti Cng ty TNHH nh nc mt thnh vin xy dng v cp nc
Hu (HUEWACO) v Tng cng ty cp nc Si Gn (SAWACO). T sau nm 2009,
Cc thu li Yokohama, HUEWACO, SAWACO v Trng cao ng Xy dng s 2
cng nhau k bin bn ghi nh nhm tip tc chng trnh chuyn giao v hp tc k
thut.
3)
D n Pht trin ngun nhn lc cho ngnh nc min Trung(2007-2009)

Tip ni sau JPP ti thnh ph Hu, d n ny c thc hin nhm pht trin nng lc
cho HUEWACO trong cng tc qun l (a) cht lng nc, (b) mng li phn phi
nc, (c) pht trin ngun nhn lc v cc vn nhn s, v (d) dch v khch hng. T
kt qu ca d n, HUEWACO thc hin c K hoch cp nc an ton (WSP) v
l cng ty u tin ti Vit Nam cng b v an ton nc my dng cho ung trc tip
(Tuyn b v cp nc an ton).
4)
D n pht trin nng lc cho cc n v cp nc min Trung (2010-2013)

D n ny nhm xay dng h thng pht trin nng lc thc t, hng ti cc WSP, v p
dng ti 18 WSCs hot ng ti min Trung. Cc hot ng ch yu ca d n bao gm;
Pht trin nng lc ca Trung tm o to ngnh nc mi c thnh lp min

Trung
Nhn rng kinh nghim thnh cng ca HUEWACO ti cc cng ty cp nc khc

ti min Trung
T chc mng li iu phi gia MOC, PPC, VWSA, WSCs, Trung tm o to

ngnh nc ca khu vc min trung, cc hc vin o to khc, hng ti vic t
mc tiu ca d n
29
Bo co tin (2)
CHNG 4
TNG QUAN NGNH THOT NC
4.1
Tng quan
4.1.1
Hin trng trn ton quc

Vit Nam, cc h thng thot nc hin c ti cc th loi IV hoc cao hn l h thng
tng hp thot c nc ma v nc thi, bao gm cc knh l thin, h v ng cng
bao gm cc hp ngm, cc ng ng b tng, rnh thot nc c np b tng.
Trc y, cc h thng thot nc c xy dng trong cc giai on khc nhau v khng
thng nht v khng theo quy hoch th. Nhiu ng cng xung cp v khng
nng lc p ng cc iu kin th ho v cn c thay th, ci to hoc nng cp. cc
th loi V hoc cc th trn nh, khng c h thng tng hp.
Bo co ca D n nh gi ngnh nc (ADB, 2009) cp n con s c tnh ca B
Xy dng (MOC) v Hip hi cp thot nc Vit Nam (VWSA) v t l bao ph dch v
thot nc. T l bao ph dch v thot nc thp hn nhiu so dch v cp nc. T l bao
ph trung bnh khong 40 50%, v thay i t 70% ti cc th ln xung 1 2 % cc
th loi V.
4.1.2
Nc ma
Cc th ln Vit Nam c hnh thnh trn cc di t ph sa chu tc ng bi mc nc
theo ma hoc thu triu cc con sng v/hoc bin ln cn do vic thot nc ma t
nhin c nhiu kh khn. Do , s ngp ng th c xem l mt vn thng xuyn
cc th ny, khi m nhng cn ma to c th gy ngp ng ngay lp tc.
S ngp ng din ra thng xuyn ti nhng vng t thp nh thnh ph H Ni v H Ch
Minh, ni tng b ngp ng bi trn ma ln vo thng 11 nm 2008. Nhiu th khc
nh thnh ph Nng v Cn Th, trc y cha tng b ngp ng, hin nay li tr thnh
cc th ch yu b ngp ng. Hin tng ny xy ra do nhiu nguyn nhn, nh ma ln, l
t cc con sng, thu triu ln cao v c bit do thay i kh hu.
Vo ma ma, khong 30% cc th chu nh hng bi hin tng ngp ng do ma ln
gy ra. Thi gian ngp ng thng ko di t 1 n 12 gi. Mc d cc h thng thot nc
ma cc khu vc chu nh hng ngp ng c no vt nh k, nhng khu vc ny vn
b ngp ng ch sau mt vi nm v nhiu khu vc khc b e do bi hin tng ny v cc
nguyn nhn sau.
1)
Cc knh v cng thot nc b cc to nh chn, do hin tng xy dng tri php v

thiu quy hoch.
2)
Rt nhiu sng v/hoc h b lp i xy nh v ng x, do lm gim bt kh

nng gi nc ma.
3)
Do mt dn c v ng x ng c, nn t l nc ma chy trn tng do s thiu

ht din tch t c c v/hoc cy xanh.
4)
Vic vt rc khng c kim sot dn n tc nghn dng chy ca h thng thot nc

ma.
Trong s 63 th (bao gm 5 thnh ph trc thuc trung ng v 58 thnh ph thuc tnh),

32 th c cc d n v sinh v thot nc th vi h tr ca ngun vn ODA. Cc d
n quy m ln c thc hin ti thnh ph H Ni v H Ch Minh, tip l thnh ph Hi
Phng, Nng, Hu (tnh TT Hu) v th x Th Du Mt (tnh Bnh Dng).
30
Bo co tin (2)
4.1.3
Nc thi
Ch c mt s th c h thng thot nc thi tng hp bao gm mng li cng v nh
my x l nc thi. Nhiu th khng c nh my x l nc thi, do nc thi ch
c x l s b bng b pht v sau x thng vo cc ng cng thot nc cng cng
hoc trc tip vo mi trng.
Hin nay, 6 trong s 68 th loi III hoc cao hn nh thnh ph H Ni, H Ch Minh, H
Long, Nng, Lt v Bun Ma Thut, c cc h thng x l nc thi.
S pht trin ca cc h thng cp nc th ang lm tng lng nc s dng bnh qun
ti cc th. Do lng nc s dng tng, nc thi cng tng theo v dn n nhim mi
trng. ADB cp n s liu 2008 ca B Xy Dng cho thy lng nc thi th
c x l di 10% (250.000 m3/ngy, trong tng s 3.000.000 m3/ngy), mc d s cn
thit ca vic x l nc thi c xc nh l u tin ca chnh ph. S xung cp mi
trng nghim trng v cc quan ngi v vn sc kho din ra do nhim nc bi nc
thi sinh hot khng c x l v vic x nc thi cng nghip v bnh vin khng c
qun l cht ch.
Bng 4-1
Cc nh my x l nc thi c vn hnh Vit Nam

Nh my x l nc
thi
Trc Bch
Kim Lin
Bc Thng Long
Bi Chy
Hn Gai
Hi Chu
Thanh Kh
Sn Tr
Ng Hnh Sn
Lt
Bun Ma Thut
Bnh Hng Ho
Bnh Hng
Tnh/thnh ph
Thnh ph H Ni
Tnh Qung Ninh/thnh ph H Long
Thnh ph Nng
Tnh Lm ng/thnh ph Lt
Tnh ak Lk/ thnh ph Bun Ma Thut
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Cng sut
(m3/ngy)
2.300
3.700
38.000
3.500
7.000
89.200
7.400
7.000
30.000
141.000
Ngun: 1) Hin trng mi trng, Nhu cu hp tc v u t ti Vit Nam, Ts.ng Vn Li, Tng cc
bo v mi trng Vit Nam
2) D n nghin cu ci thin mi trng nc ti thnh ph Nng, Nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam, Cng ty t vn Nihon Suido Consultants.
3) D n v sinh ba thnh ph, Bo co hon thnh v tng k, Ngn hng Th gii, thng 6 nm
2009
Tng trng cng nghip l tr ct ca s pht trin kinh t, vi cc khu cng nghip (IZs)
tng ln mt cch nhanh chng. Tuy nhin, vic lp t cc cng trnh x l nc thi vn
cha c thc hin mt cch hp ls. 70% nc thi t khong 220 IZs c thng ra cc
con sng khi cha qua x l v 60% ca IZs khng c cc h thng x l nc thi tp trung
(Bo co mi trng quc gia nm 2009). Mt s khu cng nghip c lp t nhng li khng
vn hnh y .
Theo iu tra nm 2006 ca Vin sc kho ngh nghip v v sinh mi trng, 634 bnh vin
trong tng s 1042 bnh vin c kho st ( bao gm c bnh vin trung ng, tnh v bnh
vin t nhn) khng c h thng x l nc thi v 217 bnh vin cn nng cp h thng.
4.1.4
V sinh
Theo co bo ca Ngn hng Th gii (Qun l v sinh ti cc th ti Vit Nam, nn tng
v vn , D tho, thng 1 nm 2010), t l c tip cn v sinh an ton ca dn s th l
31
Bo co tin (2)
91% vo nm 2008. Phn ln hnh thc v sinh an ton l b t hoi. 80% dn s th s

dng b t hoi cho mc ch v sinh an ton.
Trong khi , vic s dng b t hoi khng ng ngha l khng cn x l cc cht thi sinh
hot ti cc h gia nh nh theo bo co ca D n nh gi ngnh nc (ADB, 2009). Nhiu
h gia nh c b t hoi nhng khng kt ni vi cc ng ng cng cng do thiu mng
li ng ng ti cc ng hm. Do , nc thi vn chy trc tip vo cc rnh thot nc
xung quanh hoc thm vo t. Mt s h gia nh c nc thi v sinh trc tip ra cng
cng cng m khng qua x l s b. Cc b t hoi c s dng vi cng sut thp do
bn vn cha c loi b mt cch hp l. Nc thi sau c ra cc cng cng cng
km theo bn v lng cn, gy ra s lng cn ti cc cng cng cng v gy ra mi kh chu
trong ma kh.
Bo co ca Ngn hng Th gii cng a ra nhng bng chng cho thy vic loi b bn t
cc b t hot khng c thc hin thng xuyn ngay c nhng thnh ph ln Vit Nam
c th nh sau
1)
Thnh ph Hi Phng
Dch v thot nc thnh ph Hi Phng do Cng ty Thot nc (SADCO) thc hin.
Mt d n ca ngn hng Th gii mua mt i xe ht cho SADCO cung cp dch
v cho tt c cc h gia nh c ng thot nc thng vi h thng thot nc tng hp.
Dch v ht b pht c thc hin trn c s min ph, da vo s ph thu c t tin
nwocs (theo tho thun vi Ngn hng Th gii). Mc ph gn y tng t 10% n
15% ca ho n nc, v cung cp khong 90% ngn sch hng nm ca SADCO. Tuy
nhin, hu ht ngn sch c sn c s dng vn hnh v duy tr h thng bm thot
nc trong ma ma trong kh cc xe ht rc vn bi xe ca cng ty SADCO.
2)
Thnh ph H Ni
Dch v thot nc H Ni do Cng ty Thot nc H Ni thc hin. Cc nh qun l
cp cao ca HSDC lo ngi rng hu ht cc h gia nh khng ht b t hoi thng
xuyn, v cho rng tnh hnh ny s mt vn trong tng lai gn.
3)
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Lnh o cp cao ca Tng cng ty Thot nc th (UDC) l gii rng cc xe ht b
pht kh c th tm c mt khch hng mi ngy. Do cc h gia nh khng mun ht
b pht ca gia nh mnh, UDIC v ang xy dng cc b chn thu gom nc thi
v vn chuyn n cc nh my x l nc thi.
Nhng l do chnh khin vic bn trong cc b t hoi khng c no vt thng xuyn l

go (a) cc b t hoi khng c thit k phc v mc ch ny. Cc b t hoi c xy
di t. iu ny cho thy ngi ch s hu khng nh thc hin vic ht b thng xuyn
(b) cc xe ht thng khng c sn v/hoc cn c s dng cho cc mc ch khc.
4.1.5
Ci cch trong ngnh

Vic phn quyn c thc hin trong ngnh thot nc nh trnh by trong tiu mc 3.1.5
tuy nhin tnh hnh cng khc so vi ngnh cp nc.
Theo bo co ca D n nh gi ngnh nc (ADB), c 76 cng ty cung cp cc dch v
thot nc th, bao gm 49 cng ty cc thnh ph thuc trung ng hoc tnh, 23 cc
th loi IV thuc tnh, v 4 cc qun/huyn thuc tnh hoc thnh ph. Trong s , ch c
4 cng ty H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng v B Ra Vng Tu chuyn mn ho
dch v thot nc.
32
Bo co tin (2)
cc thnh ph cn li. c 32 cng ty cp nc ng thi cng cung cp dch v thot nc.

Cc cng ty h tng th khc cung cp dch v thot nc cng vi cc dch v h tng
khc nh thu gom cht thi rn, qun l ng x, cng vin, n v tang l.
Kinh ph vn hnh v duy tr cc h thng thot nc hon ton da vo tr cp ca tnh hoc
thnh ph trn c s ph nc thi. Mc d c cc quy nh trong Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP,
cc cng ty thot nc c rt t nng lc ti chnh tin hnh vn hnh v bo dng v ph
nc thi ch bng 10% ph nc sch do UBND quy nh.
4.2
Cc khung chnh sch hin hnh
4.2.1
Khung php l
Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP ngy 28 thng 5 nm 2007 v thot nc th v khu cng
nghip quy nh cc hot ng thot nc ti cc th v khu cng nghip, khu kinh t, khu
ch xut, khu cng ngh cao. Ngh nh ny quy nh nhng quyn li v trch nhim ca cc
t chc v c nhn v h gia nh trong nc; t chc, c nhn nc ngoi c hot ng lin
quan n thot nc trn lnh th Vit Nam. i vi cc khu dn c tp trung nng thn c
iu kin xy dng h thng thot nc tp trung th khuyn khch p dng Ngh nh ny.
4.2.2
Cc nh hng pht trin trong thp k qua

Trong thp nin va qua, s pht trin ca ngnh thot nc Vit Nam c lp k hoch
v thc hin theo Quyt nh 35/1999/QD-TTg, ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999, ph duyt d dnh
hng pht trin thot nc th n nm 2020.
Quyt nh ny a ra nhng nh hng pht trin thot nc th, phc v cho qu trnh
cng nghip ho v hin i ho v bo v mi trng, trn c s , lp k hoch u t ph
hp pht trin h thng thot nc cc th mt cch n nh v bn vng trong tng giai
on, bao gm cc mc tiu c bn sau.
1)
Mc tiu trc mt n nm 2005

Ci thin tnh hnh hin nay ti cc th v chun b tt cho s pht trin ca h thng
thot nc th:
u tin xo b tnh trng ngp ng thng xuyn trong ma ma cc th chnh

nh Th H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc th loi I v II khc. Ti cc
th loi III n V, ci thin mt bc tnh hnh thot nc ma. M rng phm vi
phc v ca cc h thng thot nc t 30-40% hin nay ln 50-60%. Th H
Ni t 80% t l phc v.
Ci to h thng thot nc thi u tin Th H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh v

cc thnh ph ln, cc trung tm du lch nh Hi Phng, Nng, H Long, Hu.
Nc thi cng nghip v bnh vin cn c x l cc b trc khi x vo h thng
cng chung ca thnh ph.
Xo b x thng trong cc thi trc nm 2005 (i vi Th H Ni, xo b

trc nm 2001). C nh v sinh cng cng ti nhng ni c nhiu khch vng lai
nh ch, bn tu, bn xe. Gi gn, chng xung cp h thng thot nc hin c ti
cc th. Xy dng h thng thot v x l nc thi t tiu chun v sinh mi
trng ti cc khu vc cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu th mi.
Xy dng m hnh doanh nghip cng ch cho cc cng ty thot nc th thng

qua vic tng bc khc phc c ch bao cp; ban hnh chnh sch thu ph thot
nc cc cng ty thot nc c ngun thu trang tri chi ph qun l, vn hnh.
Chun b tin cho s pht trin lu di v bn vng, bao gm(a) Kin ton t chc,
(b) pht trin ngun nhn lc, (c) tng cng h thng php lut v s dng nc,
33
Bo co tin (2)
(e) o to v tuyn truyn nng cao dn tr v thot nc th, v (e) sn xut thit
b, ph tng v vt t trong nc
2)
Mc tiu lu di n nm 2020
Gii quyt c bn yu cu v thot nc nhm bo v v nng cp mi trng th,
phc v tt i sng nhn dn, thc y pht trin kinh t mt cch nhanh chng, bn
vng:
Xo b tnh trng ngp ng thng xuyn trong ma ma ti cc th. Tng th

c h thng thot nc thi vi cng ngh x l ph hp bo m v sinh mi
trng. M rng phm vi phc v cc h thng thot nc th t 50-60% ln 8090%; i vi Th H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc th loi II, cc th
nm trong vng trng im pht trin kinh t, pht trin du lch, cc khu cng nghip,
khu ch xut, t 90-100%.
Thit lp c ch ti chnh bo m s pht trin bn vng cho cc h thng thot

nc th..
Gii thiu v ng dng cng ngh mi thng qua hin i ho h thng thot nc
th t trnh quc t hoc tng ng cc nc trong khu vc.
p dng cc tiu chun, quy phm tin tin, a lnh vc thot nc th Vit Nam
hi nhp vi cc nc trong khu vc v th gii.
t c cc mc tiu , Ngh nh nu ra cc nguyn tc thc hin nh sau.

1)
2)
3)
Xy dng t chc
H thng php l v t chc qun l thot nc c kin ton ti B Xy dng

(MOC) cp trung ng v UBND tnh cp a phng i vi cc cng ty thot
nc tng a phng .
Gio dc v truyn thng cng ng c thc hin nhm nng cao nhn thc v
thot nc th cng nh v sinh mi trng.
Sp xp ti chnh
Ngoi ngn sch nh nc, cn huy ng cc ngun vn khc t cc ngnh kinh t

trong nc v cc khon vay/vin tr t cc nh ti tr quc t pht trin thot
nc th.
Ban hnh chnh sch thu ph thot nc bo m cho cc cng ty thot nc tng
bc trang tri c cc chi ph qun l v vn hnh.
Ban hnh cc chnh sch khuyn khch cc t chc, c nhn trong v ngoi nc u
t xy dng cng trnh thot nc
Nh nc quy nh mc u t bo v mi trng c lin quan n thot nc th

i vi cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v.
Pht trin cng ngh
Lp quy hoch chuyn ngnh thot nc ph hp vi quy hoch chung. i vi cc

khu th mi, phi tin hnh u t ng b cc cng trnh lin quan n thot
nc. Quy nh v qun l cht ch v ct xy dng ca tng khu vc trnh ng
ngp cc b trong th.
La chn v p dng cc gii php thot nc v cc loi cng ngh khc nhau, ph
hp vi tng vng v tng th. i vi phn ln cc th, p dng cng ngh
n gin: tiu thot nc ma t nhin, lm sch t nhin nc thi.
p dng cng ngh tin tin, hin i i vi cc thnh ph ln nh Th H Ni,

thnh ph H Ch Minh, cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu du lch. T sn xut
34
Bo co tin (2)
c khong 70% vt t, thit b, ph tng thay th trong h thng thot nc nh

trong giai on 2010-2015.
4)
4.2.3
(1)
Pht trin ngun nhn lc
o to cn b c chuyn mn nghip v qun l, vn hnh tt h thng thot

nc v s dng c hiu qu ngun vn v k thut hin i c a vo Vit
Nam thng qua cc d n. Phn u n nm 2005 cung cp y cn b qua
o to cho tt c cc cp t Trung ng n a phng v c s.
Xy dng chng trnh o to ng b t cn b lnh o, qun l, khoa hc k

thut, kinh t, k hoch, ti chnh n cng nhn vn hnh, bo dng.
To iu kin thun li cho cn b, cng nhn trong nc lm vic trc tip vi

chuyn gia nc ngoi hc hi nng cao trnh . C chnh sch khuyn khch
ng vin s tham gia ng gp ca cc chuyn gia ngi Vit Nam ang sng
nc ngoi
Cc nh hng pht trin gn y

Quan im ch o
Nm 2009, Chnh Ph cp nht cc nh hng pht trin mi v thot nc th. Quyt
nh1930/2009/QD-TTg ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2009 a ra cc nh hng pht trin thot
nc (thot nc ma v thot nc thi th) cc th Vit Nam v cc khu cng nghip
n nm 2025 v tm nhn n 2050.
Cc quan im ch o ca Quyt nh l;
1)
Thot nc l ngnh dch v cng ch; Nh nc khuyn khch cc t chc, c nhn

thuc cc thnh phn kinh t trong v ngoi nc tham gia u t, kinh doanh trong lnh
vc thot nc theo ng quy nh php lut ca Vit Nam v u t, xy dng v vn
hnh, s dng h thng thot nc.
2)
H thng thot nc phi c xy dng ng b bo m thot nc ma v nc thi

t thu gom, chuyn ti n x l cho tng lu vc; u tin u t xy dng h thng
thot nc ng b ti cc th ln (loi c bit, loi I, loi II), cc th l trung tm
du lch hoc c nh hng nhiu n mi trng.
3)
Xy dng h thng thot nc chung kt hp vi cc cng trnh tch nc thi i vi

cc th c bn c h thng cng thot; h thng thot nc ring i vi cc khu
cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu ch xut, khu kinh t (sau y gi l khu cng
nghip) v cc th mi, khu th mi, th nh cha c h thng thot nc; s
dng hiu qu cc h ao hin c iu ha nc ma v gim nhim ngun nc.
4)
Cc nh my cng nghip ring l, cc c s dch v c ngun nc thi c hi phi x

l cc b trc khi x vo h thng cng chung ca th hoc khu cng nghip.
5)
Cc cng trnh u mi c phn cng giai on u t la chn quy m, cng sut

ph hp, ring h thng cng thot khi xy dng mi hoc ci to phi p ng vi kh
nng chuyn ti nc ma v nc thi theo d bo quy hoch thot nc di hn.
6)
Cng ngh x l nc thi c la chn ph hp vi iu kin t nhin, quy m, c

im th v iu kin kinh t. u tin s dng cng ngh, thit b c nghin cu v
sn xut trong nc.
7)
X hi ho, huy ng cc ngun lc trong nc, quc t cho u t xy dng v qun l

vn hnh h thng thot nc.
8)
Thc hin chnh sch ngi gy nhim phi tr tin x l nhim, tin ti ngun thu
ph thot nc m bo cho cng tc qun l, vn hnh v b p mt phn chi ph u
t.
35
Bo co tin (2)
Tm nhn n nm 2050 c xc nh nh sau:

Cc th ln t loi IV tr ln c xy dng hon thin h thng thot nc bao gm thot
nc ma, thu gom v x l nc thi. Cc th nh (loi V), cc lng ngh, nc thi c
thu gom v x l ti cc trm x l tp trung hoc phn tn. Cc th c gii quyt trit
tnh trng ngp ng cc b v ton b nc thi c x l t chun trc khi x ra mi
trng.
(2)
Cc mc tiu pht trin n nm 2025

nh hng cho pht trin lnh vc thot nc th v khu cng nghip phc v s nghip
cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc v bo v mi trng; trn c s lp k hoch, cc
chng trnh hnh ng c th pht trin lnh vc thot nc th v khu cng nghip
mt cch n nh v bn vng trong tng giai on.
1)
n nm 2015
u tin gii quyt thot nc ma:
Xa b tnh trng ngp ng thng xuyn trong ma ma cc th loi II tr ln.
M rng phm vi phc v ca cc h thng thot nc ln 70 - 80%
Ton b h thng thot nc c qun l vn hnh, duy tu bo dng thng

xuyn v theo nh k.
Xy dng v nng cp h thng thot nc thi:
Xy dng cc tuyn cng thu gom v trm x l nc thi sinh hot cho cc th t
loi III tr ln thu gom v x l t 40 - 50% lng nc thi sinh hot th t
quy chun quy nh.
Ton b nc thi bnh vin v nc thi cc c s cng nghip c x l t quy

chun quy nh trc khi x vo cng chung ca th hoc x ra mi trng.
Ton b cc khu cng nghip i vo hot ng c h thng thot nc thi ring v

nc thi c x l t quy chun quy nh.
Xy dng, lp t h thng nh v sinh cng cng p ng nhu cu ca nhn dn v

khch du lch ti cc th loi IV tr ln
2)
n nm 2020
Thot nc ma:
Xa b tnh trng ngp ng ti cc th t loi IV tr ln
M rng phm vi phc v ca cc h thng thot nc t trn 80%.
Thot nc thi:
3)
Cc th loi III tr ln c h thng thu gom v trm x l nc thi sinh hot tp

trung; nng t l nc thi sinh hot c thu gom v x l t quy chun quy nh
ln 60%.
Ti cc th loi IV, loi V v cc lng ngh 40% nc thi c x l t quy

chun quy nh..
Cc cng trnh thu nc b mt, cc tuyn cng, mng i qua khu dn c tp trung
khng c gy nhim mi trng.
n nm 2025
Thot nc ma:
Xa b hon ton tnh trng ngp ng thng xuyn ti cc th.
36
Bo co tin (2)
M rng phm vi phc v cc h thng thot nc th ln 90 - 95%; i vi cc

th t loi IV tr ln t 100%..
Thot nc thi:
(3)
Cc th t loi IV tr ln c h thng thu gom v trm x l nc thi sinh hot

tp trung; t l nc thi sinh hot c thu gom v x l t 70 - 80%, nc thi
sau x l t quy chun quy nh.
Ti cc th loi V v cc lng ngh, 50% nc thi c x l t quy chun quy

nh.
Cc lng ngh c trm x l tp trung hoc phn tn, hot ng thng xuyn, cht
lng nc thi x ra mi trng t quy chun quy.
Ti s dng t 20 - 30% nc thi cho nhu cu nc ti cy, ra ng v cc nhu

cu khc ti cc th, khu cng nghip
Cc nguyn tc thc hin

thc hin cc mc tiu pht trin n nm 2025, Quyt nh a ra cc nguyn tc thc
hin i vi chnh (9) vn .
4.2.4
1)
Hon thin h thng vn bn php lut v cp thot nc
2)
Quy hoch v k hoch pht trin h thng thot nc
3)
u t, pht trin h thng thot nc
4)
C ch, chnh sch cho lnh vc thot nc
5)
Pht trin cng ngh, vt t thit b lnh vc thot nc
6)
Pht trin ngun nhn lc
7)
T chc qun l lnh vc thot nc
8)
Gio dc v truyn thng:
9)
Hp tc quc t:
Ph nc thi
Trong thp nin va qua, h thng ph nc thi c xy dng theo nhu cu ti chnh ca
dch v thot nc.Cc h thng ph nc thi ang p dng c phn loi nh sau:
1)
Ph thot nc
B Xy dng v Ban Vt gi Chnh Ph ban hnh thng t ngy 6 thng 9 nm 1999
cho php cc th p dng mc ph tng ng vi 10% gi nc sch (khng bao
gm thu gi tr gia tng) i vi nc thi. Cc h gia nh v/hoc cc i tng khc
x nc thi vo h thng thot nc th s phi tr ph thot nc thi ny.
Cc cng ty cp nc (WSCs) thu ph nc thi. Sau khi tr i 5% chi ph cn thit
thu gom ph nc thi cho cc WSCs, khon ph cn li s c np cho ngn sch tnh
hoc thnh ph.
Gn y, Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP, ngy 28 thng 5 nm 2007 v thot nc th v
khu cng nghip a ra nhng quy nh mi cng c h thng ph nc thi, v
c b sung bng thng t 09/2009/TT-BXD, ngy 21 thng 5 nm 2009, quy nh chi
tit mt s iu ca Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP.
2)
Ph Bo v mi trng
Ngoi ra, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 67/2003/ND-CP, ngy 13 thng 6 nm 2003 v
ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi. Khon ph ny tng ng vi 10% gi nc
37
Bo co tin (2)
sch (khng bao gm thu gi tr gia tng). Cc h gia nh v/hoc cc i tng khc
x nc thi trc tip ra mi trng s phi tr ph nc thi ny.
Sau khi tr i chi ph cn thit cho cc c quan trc tip nh gi v thu gom ph nc,
50% s ph cn li c cho vo ngn hng trung ng dnh cho Qu Bo v Mi trng.
Cn li 50% dng cho cc c quan a phng dng vo cc hot ng bo v mi
trng, bao gm c dch v thot nc th.
Theo bo co, mt tnh hoc thnh ph ang c s hiu nhm gia hai loi ph nc thi
tnh theo Thot nc ti cc h gia nh x nc thi ra h thng thot nc th, hay
thot nc c lp ca cc h gia nh x nc thi trc tip ra mi trng. Mt s c quan
thuc tnh/thnh ph hiu khng ng rng ph thot nc c thay bng ph bo v mi
trng. Vn ti chnh ca dch v thot nc ang b nh tr v s hiu lm ni trn.
Ph nc thi p dng i vi thot nc ti cc h gia nh c nh ngha l ph bo v
mi trng trong Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP. Tuy nhin s phc tp vn cn tn ti ti h
thng ph nc thi, v cn phi bao gm nhiu i tng x nc thi, v d i tng c
phc v v khng c phc v bi dch v cp nc. Thot nc ti cc h gia nh hay
thot nc c lp ti cc h gia nh, v cc loi nc thi (sinh hot hoc loi khc).
Cc phng php gii quyt ph nc thi v mt nh ngha v quy trnh thu cng phc tp
khng km so vi h thng ph nc thi. iu ny dn n vic cn c thi gian xy dng
kin thc chung v quy trnh ph duyt phng php x l ph nc thi ca cc c quan hu
quan.
Bng 4-2
Nc thi sinh hot
c phc v
bi h thng cp
nc
Cp nc
Khng c
phc v bi h
thng cp nc
Cc loi nc thi khc
c phc v
bi h thng cp
nc
Cp nc
Khng c
phc v bi h
thng cp nc
H thng ph nc thi
Thot nc
Cc h gia nh x nc thi ra h
Cc h gia nh x nc thi ra mi
thng thot nc
trng
Ngh nh.88/2007/ND-CP
Ngh nh 67/2003/ND-CP
Khi lng nc thi bng 100%
Ph thot nc c xc nh bng
lng nc sch s dng.
phn trm (khng vt qu 10%) ph
nc sch tiu th.
Ph thot nc c xc nh theo
cng thc sn c.
Ph nc thi do n v cp nc thu
Khi lng nc thi bng
4m3/ngi/thng
Ph thot nc c xc nh theo
cng thc sn c.
Ph thot nc c xc nh da
trn lng nc sch s dng, lng
nc tiu th bnh qun u ngi v
n gi tng a phng.
Thot nc
Cc h gia nh x nc thi ra h
Cc h gia nh x nc thi ra mi
thng thot nc
trng
Khi lng nc thi b tnh ph bng Ph thot nc c xc nh theo t
80% lng nc sch s dng.
l (VND/kg) i vi cc cht nhim
tm thy trong nc thi.
Ph nc thi c xc nh theo
cng thc sn c, cn c theo nng
Ngi tr tin phi tr ph trc tip
COD.
cho Kho bc tnh/nh nc.
Ph thot nc do n v cp nc
thu.
Khi lng nc thi b tnh ph phi
c o.
Ph nc thi c xc nh theo
38
Ph thot nc c xc nh theo t
l (VND/kg) i vi cc cht nhim
tm thy trong nc thi.
Bo co tin (2)
cng thc sn c, cn c theo nng

COD.
Ph thot nc do n v cp nc
thu.
Ngi tr tin phi tr ph trc tip

cho Kho bc tnh/nh nc.
Ngun: Gii thch Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP v Ngh nh 67/2003/ND-CP ca Nhm nghin cu JICA
4.2.5
Cc t chc c lin quan

Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP xc nh trch nhim qun l nh nc i vi hot ng thot
nc
1)
Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v hot ng thot nc trn lnh th Vit Nam ;
ban hnh v ch o thc hin cc chin lc, nh hng pht trin thot nc cp
quc gia.
2)
B Xy dng: chu trch nhim thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v thot nc ti
th v cc khu cng nghip trn phm vi ton quc:
Nghin cu, xy dng cc c ch, chnh sch v thot nc trnh Chnh ph hoc
Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh hoc ban hnh theo thm quyn;
trnh, k hoch pht trin thot nc cp quc gia;
Ban hnh cc quy chun, tiu chun, nh mc kinh t - k thut v thot nc;
Hng dn, ch o v kim tra hot ng thot nc trn phm vi ton quc.
2)
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng chu trch nhim thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v
bo v mi trng v kim sot nhim trong hot ng thot nc.
3)
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn chu trch nhim thc hin chc nng qun l
nh nc v khai thc v bo v cng trnh thy li; cp, thu hi giy php x nc thi
vo cng trnh thy li.
4)
B K hoch v u t (MPI):
5)
7)
Bo m cn i nhu cu vn u t t ngun vn ngn sch nh nc theo cc

chng trnh, k hoch pht trin thot nc c Th tng Chnh ph ph
duyt;
Nghin cu, xy dng c ch chnh sch nhm khuyn khch, huy ng cc ngun
vn u tu trong nc v nc ngoi u t cho cc cng trnh thot nc;
Lm u mi vn ng ngun vn ODA cho u t pht trin thot nc theo th t

u tin c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt.
B Ti chnh (MOF):
Phi hp vi B K hoch v u t trong vic bo m cn i vn u t t

ngun vn ngn sch nh nc v nghin cu, xy dng c ch, chnh sch ti chnh
nhm khuyn khch, huy ng cc ngun vn u t trong v ngoi nc cho u t
pht trin thot nc;
Thng nht qun l v ti chnh i vi ngun vn h tr pht trin chnh thc

(ODA) cho u t pht trin thot nc;
Phi hp vi B Xy dng hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thu v s dng ph
thot nc trn phm vi ton quc.
Cc B, c quan ngang B trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim

phi hp vi B Xy dng thc hin qun l nh nc v thot nc th v khu
cng nghip.
39
Bo co tin (2)
8)
y ban nhn dn cp tnh trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim
trong vic thc hin qun l nh nc v hot ng thot nc trn a bn do mnh qun
l; quy nh chc nng, nhim v, phn cp qun l v hot ng thot nc cho cc co
quan chuyn mn v y ban nhn dn cc cp do mnh qun l. S Xy dng cc tnh v
S Giao thng cng chnh cc thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng l c quan chuyn mn
tham mu, gip y ban nhn dn cp tnh thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v thot
nc trn a bn..
9)
y ban nhn dn cc th c trch nhim t chc lp quy hoch, u t xy dng h

thng thot nc v t chc thc hin cc dch v thot nc trn a bn qun l ph
hp vi s pht trin ca cng ng v tham gia vo quy hoch chung ca vng v thot
nc, la chn n v qun l, vn hnh, k kt hp ng v t chc gim st thc hin..
4.3
ODA
4.3.1
Ngn hng th gii

Cc d n gn y do Ngn hng th gii ti tr c trnh by di y:
1)
D n v sinh ti ba thnh ph (2000-2008)

Cc mc tiu pht trin ca d n gm: (a) tng cng sc kho cng ng; v (b) tng
pht trin kinh t bng cch hn ch l lt, nng cp th v phtt rin cc cng ty thot
nc v v sinh hiu qu v ti chnh (SADCOs) Nng, Hi Phng v tnh Qung
Ninh (thnh ph H Long v Cm Ph).
D n c nm (5) hp phn vi cc tiu d n ti thnh ph Nng, Hi Phng v tnh
Qung Ninh (thnh ph H Long v Cm Ph) nh sau.
2)
Hp phn 1: Thot nc - khu vc thg xuyn c l, phc hi h thng c v xy

dng h thng mi.
Hp phn 2: Thot nc thi v x l thi Hp phn ci thin mi trng th v

gim nhim thng qua can thip v x l dng thi.
Hp phn 3: Qun l cht thi rn ( Nng v Qung Ninh) D n ci thin thu

gom v x l an ton cht thi rn thng qua u t vo cc xe ti, cc thit b khc,
cc trung tm dch v mi tng v cc bi chn lp v sinh. Hi Phng, cht thi
rn c ci thin nh h tr ca Ngn hng Hp tc Quc t Nht Bn. Cc ngun
vn cho hp phn ny t hn nh gia do gi thu thp hn d kin v quyt nh ca
qu tn dng DANIDA chi tr cho cc cng trnh ln Qung Ninh.
Pht trin nng lc th ch v qun l xy dng Hp phn ny ci thin cng tc

qun l v hiu qu ca cc SADACOs v URENCOs. H tr k thut v o to
gip cho cc thnh ph thnh lp c cc cng ty dch v hot ng hiu qu v
chuyn mn v ti chnh. D n cng h tr k thut cho cc thnh ph qun l
xy dng. FINNIDA, DANIDA v AUSAID ln lt cung cp vin tr cho Hi
Phng, Qung Ninh v Nng.
Hp phn 5: Qu quay vng cho Cc cng trnh v sinh gia nh- Cc Qu quay
vng mi thnh ph h tr cho cc h gia nh thu nhp thp xy dng hoc ci
thin cc b t hoi, xy dng nh v sinh v kt ni vi h thng thot nc thi.
Hp phn ny c xy dng v thc hin vi s tham gia ca nhiu bn v bao
gm chng trnh o to v sinh v mi trng ph bin cho cng ng v mi
lin kt gia sc kho, iu kin mi trng v v sinh. Cc h gia nh iu kin
c nhn cc khon vay ln ti 2.000.000 VND nng cp v sinh. Cc qu quay
vng vn ang tip tc hot ng di s qun l ca Chnh Ph.
D n v sinh mi trng thnh ph H Ch Minh (2001-ang din ra)
40
Bo co tin (2)
Khu vc ca d n bao gm lu vc sng Nhiu Lc Th Ngh (33km2) tng ng vi

mt phn th ca thnh ph H Ch Minh. D n c phn loi thnh nc thi (Hp
phn 1) v thot nc (Hp phn 2) v bao gm cc cng tc sau.
3)
Cng chn: tng chiu di 8,4 km
Trm bm nc thi vi cng trnh x l s b: 64.000 m3/ngy
Ci thin cc ng cng hn hp: m rng v thay th ng ng chnh v cc

ng ng th cp (tng chiu di 65km), phc hi cc ng ng th cp (tng
chiu di 30 km), v xy dng cc ng ng cng cp ba (tng chiu di 270 km)
No vt knh: tng chiu di 18km
Mua cc thit b lm sch ng cng
H tr k thut xy dng nng lc
D n nng cp th Vit Nam (2005- ang din ra)

Mc tiu ca d n l gim ngho cc th bng cch ci thin iu kin sng v mi
trng cc th ngho s dng phng php lp k hoch, v tc ng quy trnh
lp k hoch u tin ngho i v bao ph rng khp.
D n c tin hnh bn (4) thnh ph ln nh thnh ph H Ch Minh v Cn Th
min Nam v Hi Phng v Nam nh min Bc, bao gm by (7) hp phn sau.
4)
Hp phn 1: Ci thin c s h tng v dch v
Hp phn 2: C s h tng b sung v th cp
Hp phn 3: Ti nh c cc h gia nh
Hp phn 4: Qun l t v nh
Hp phn 5: Chng trnh cho vay nng cp nh
Hp phn 6: Xy dng nng lc
Hp phn 7: Xy dng Chng trnh nng cp th quc gia
D n v sinh mi trng cc thnh ph ven bin (2000 ang din ra)

Mc tiu ca d n l ci thin v sinh mi trng cc thnh ph trong d n mt cch
bn vng v nh tng cng cht lng cuc sng cho ngi dn thnh ph.
D n ang c thc hin ti ba (3) thnh ph min trung Vit Nam. Thnh ph Nha
Trang l thnh ph gn pha Nam nht v l th ph ca tnh Khnh Ho. Thnh ph Quy
Nhn nm pha Nam min Trung Vit Nam v l th ph ca tnh Bnh nh. Thnh
ph ng Hi gn vi pha Bc nht v l th ca tnh Qung Bnh.
D n bao gm su (6) hp phn sau.
Hp phn 1: Kim sot l, thot nc v thu gom nc thi
Hp phn 2: Nh my x l nc thi
Hp phn 3: Qun l cht thi rn
Hp phn 4: Ti nh c
Hp phn 5: Qu quay vng cho chng trnh v sinh trng hc v cc h gia nh
Hp phn 6: Xy dng nng lc v thc hin d n
41
Bo co tin (2)
4.3.2
ADB
S tham gia ca ADB trong ngnh nc v v sinh ca Vit Nam bt u t u nhng nm
1990. Ban u, ADB tham gia h tr v th ch v quy hoch ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh, sau
l khon vay u tin nhm phc hi cc h thng cp nc v v sinh ca thnh ph. Kt
qu ca khon vay cp ba th x thuc tnh to c s ci thin c s h tng hn 30 th
x cp tnh. Ph hp vi chnh sch ca chnh ph khuyn khch tng trng kinh t cc
vng cch xa cc thnh ph ln, hai khon vay tip theo h tr pht trin tng hp c s h
tng mi trng v dch v th x quy m trung bnh cc tnh min trung.
Bng 4-3
Cc d n v ngnh thot nc do ADB ti tr
D n
Phc hi h thng cp nc v v sinh ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
Cp nc v v sinh ti cc th x thuc tnh
D n ci to mi trng thnh ph H Ch Minh
D n pht trin cc th x va v nh min trung
D n pht trin kinh t - x hi ton din thnh ph Thanh Ha
Loi
Khan vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
T/A, Khan
vay
Giai on
1994-2004
1993-2004
1994-2007
1997-2008
1999-2010
20042007-
Ngun: Ti liu cng b trn trang web ca ADB
Ti Hi tho c tn Qun l nc thi v v sinh mi trng ti Vit Nam Hng ti mt

mi trng kinh doanh bn vng vo ngy 8 thng 3 nm 2011 thnh ph H Ni, ADB
cng b chng trnh hp tc trong nhng nm tip theo.
ADB ng vi Chnh Ph rng cn quan tm nhiu hn na n ci thin mi trng th.
Do , c mt dng tn dng tng t cho nc thi th c k hoch s dng vo nm
2013.Co hi quan trng ang n l: pht trin nn mng cho vic qun l hiu qu nc thi
th, bt u t s pht trin di lu ca cc th ln, va v nh.
chun b cho chng trnh di hn v quy m ln sp din ra ca ADB, Chng trnh H
tr k thut xy dng nng lc (CDTA) ko di trong vng 2 s c thc hin. Tip theo
chng trnh CDTA s c Chun b cho d n TA (PPTA) trong giai on 2012 2013, v kt
qu l mt dng tn dng cho giai on 2012 2022 vi tng s tin l 1 2 t USD, c th
kt hp vi bo lanh nhm khuyn khch cc ngnh t nhn tham gia vo ngnh ny.
Trung tm ca Chng trnh CDTA sp ti s l hng chc Chin lc v sinh thnh ph.
Mi mt chin dch trong s bao gm nh gi nhanh v cc iu kin vn, cng ngh,
k nng, nhn thc quan trng i vi vic thc hin d n qun l nc thi thnh cng.
Tip , CDTA s nh gi nhu cu gio dc o to nh l mt bc tip theo thit lp
mt c cu qun l bn vng thng qua o to cn b p ng yu cu ca ngnh, bt k h
thuc chnh ph v cc n v cng ch hay trong ngnh xy dng v t vn. Cui cng,
xuyn sut chng trnh CDTA cc quy nh php l hin hnh iu chnh ngnh nc s
c nh gi. iu ny s em n nhiu xut sa i hoc cp nht nhng im mu
cht ca cc chnh sch, php lut v quy nh.
ADB k vng rng CDTA s xc nh c mt lot cc vn nhm h tr B Xy dng
chnh sa cc chin lc v quy nh. Mt s vn c th bao gm c lit k di y:
1)
Nhn thc ngi dn. Vn ny gip nng cao tm quan trng ca vic nng cao hiu
bit ca ngi s dng v s cn thit qun l nc thi.
42
Bo co tin (2)
4.3.3
2)
Quy hoch xy dng. To ra s linh hot hn trong quy hoch xy dng v quy hoch
pht trin ngnh, cho php hnh thc quy hoch, thit k v thc hin c s h tng v
dch v theo tng giai on, ph hp v mt ti chnh v mt cch tin b.
3)
H thng thu gom nc thi. Xc nh cc chin lc cho h thng thu gom chung v
ring cho nc thi v nc ma; h thng tp trung v phi tp. p dng cc quyt nh
v cch x l b t hoi chia giai on hoc kt hp; h thng bo tr, dch v ra bn v
dch v x l cui i vi bn.
4)
Cc cng ngh x l nc thi. y mnh vic p dng tiu chun nc thi thc t. Tip
cn x l phi tp trung. Pht trin cng ngh x l tinh vi hn theo thi gian. Tc ng
i vi s dng nng lng v pht sinh bn i vi cc la chn x l. Xem xt ti s
dng cht thi cho mc ch phi tiu dng c th.
5)
Ti tr ti chnh. Tc ng ca vic chia giai on ti tr. Phn bit gia cp vn u

t kinh ph, vi vin tr nh nc, v chi ph hot ng, s c chi tr bng thu nhp t
ph v l ph. Xc nhn tnh cn thit phi ci cch qun l nh l mt iu kin tin
quyt thu ht cc ngun vn t nhn.
Phn Lan
Phn Lan bt u vi Chng trnh Cp nc v V sinh ti Hi Phng t sau nm 1990.
S hp tc bao gm vic u t vo c s h tng ngnh v h tr k thut nhm mc ch
tng cng nng lc ca cc c quan chnh ph v tc ng n chnh sch ca chnh ph
trong ngnh.
Trong khun kh d n V sinh ba thnh ph do Ngn hng Th gii ti tr, tiu d n ti
thnh ph Hi Phng c Ngn hng Th gii gi l Hp phn 1 B.
thc hin tiu d n tai Hi Phng, Chnh ph Phn Lan (GOF) cung cp vin tr k
thut chun b cho cc nghin cu k thut, thit k chi tit, v cc hot ng mua thit b
trn c s tho thun gia GOF v UBND Hi Phng tip tc h t cho Chng trnh V
sinh v thot nc ti Hi Phng (giai on VI) t nm 2001 - 2004.
T nm 2004 n nay, Phn Lan m rng hp tc trong ngnh ti cc th trn nh thuc
tnh trong Chng trnh V sinh v Cp nc cho cc th trn nh Vit Nam nh trnh by
trong tiu mc 3.4.3 trn.
4.3.4
Nht Bn
Nht Bn v ang h tr ti chnh cho vic pht trin c s h tng ca ngnh thot nc
ti thnh ph H Ni v H Ch Minh k t u nhng nm 1990 v m rng n cc thnh
ph Hi Phng, Hu, Bnh Dng, Vnh Phc t nhng nm 2000.
Bng 4-4
Cc d n do Nht Bn h tr ti chnh trong ngnh thot nc
D n
D n v thot nc v h thng x l nc thi th ti thnh
ph H Ni
D n thot nc ci to mi trng ti H Ni, giai on 1
D n thot nc ci to mi trng ti H Ni, giai on 2
D n pht trin c s h tng thnh ph H Ni (Bc Thng
Long Vn Tr)
D n u t ci thin kh hu tnh Vnh Phc
Nghin cu quy hoch ci thin v sinh thnh ph Hi Phng
D n ci thin mi trng thnh ph Hi Phng, Hp phn thot
nc
D n ci to mi trng thnh ph Hu
43
Loi
T/A (M/P, F/S)
Giai on
1993-1995
Vn vay
Vn vay
Vn vay
1995-2005
20061997-
Vn vay
T/A (M/P, F/S)
Vn vay
20072000-2001
2005-
Vn vay
2008Bo co tin (2)
D n ci to mi trng nc tnh Bnh Dng

Nghin cu h thng thot nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
D n ci thin mi trng nc thnh ph H Ch Minh
D n ci thin mi trng nc thnh ph H Ch Minh (phn
2)
Vn vay
T/A (M/P, F/S)
T/A (D/D), Vn
vay
Vn vay
20071998-1999
20002006-
Ngun: Trang web ca JICA
Ngoi pht trin c s h tng, ODA ca Nht Bn dnh cho ngnh thot nc Vit Nam cn
c thc hin di hnh thc cc chng trnh hp tc k thut tng cng nng lc qun
l v chuyn mn cho cc cng ty thot nc thnh ph H Ni v H Ch Minh, ni vn
hnh cc h thng thot nc vi cc nh my x l nc thi .
Chng trnh hp tc k thut d kin nhng thnh qu pht trin nng lc thnh thnh ph
H Ni v H Ch Minh s c nhn rng n cc thnh ph khc c c s h tng thot
nc pht trin.
1)
D n mi trng nc ton din ti thnh ph H Ni (2007-2010)

D n ny c thc hin di hnh thc Chng trnh cng tc JICA (JPP) vi chnh
quyn qun Chiba c nhng chuyn gia ca Cc thu li Chiba n. Vic h tr k
thut c thc hin ti Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Thot nc H Ni nhm thc
hin cc hot ng sau:
2)
T chc c quan qun l vn hnh cc h thng thot nc ton din vi WWTPs,

bao gm qun l doanh nghip v pht trin nhn lc
Pht trin nng lc chuyn mn cho HSDC vn hnh v bo dng (O&M)

WWTPs
Hnh thnh nhn thc ca ngi dn v s cn thit ca h thng thot nc cng

nh ph thot nc ci thin mi trng nc
D n pht trin nng lc qun l thot nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh2009-2010)

Nh my x l nc thi Bnh Hng c cng sut 141,000 m3/ngy, hin nay l nh my
ln nht ti Vit Nam (v d kin s m rng cng sut ln ti 512,000 m3/ngy vo nm
2020), c xy dng v vn hnh vo nm 2009. C th nhn thy rng pht trin
nng lc qun l h thng thot nc c WWTPs cn phi c y mnh ti thnh ph
H Ch Minh. D n nhm tng cng nng lc O&M ca Trung tm iu hnh ca
Chng trnh kim sot l lt th (SCFC), chu trch nhim qun l WWTPs, ti thnh
ph H Ch Minh. H tr k thut c thc hin bi cc chuyn gia n t V thu li
thuc B t i, c s h tng, giao thng v du lch Nht Bn (MLIT) v bao gm cc
ni dung sau.
Bng 4-5
Ni dung
Pht trin nng lc
cho c quan qun
l vn hnh v bo
dng ( O&M )
Pht trin nng lc

cho c quan gim
st vn hnh v bo
dng ( O&M )
Ti WWTP
H tr k thut i vi SCFC (thnh ph H Ch Minh)

Hot ng h tr
Thnh lp n v chu trch nhim v O&M trong SCFC
B nhim cc cn b SCFC ti WWTP
Chun b kinh ph v k hoch qun l ti chnh
Chun b kim k ti sn
Chun b k hoch thay th thit b
C th ho cc ti liu thu ph cho cng tc O&M do Cng ty thot nc th

thc hin ti WWTP
Chun b ti liu v video gii thiu WWTP cho khch thm quan
Gim st O&M bi cc nhn vin SCFC ti WWTP
Chun b v p dng ti liu hng dn O&M
Xy dng nng lc: gim st O&M i vi thit b in v c kh
Pht trin nng lc: phn tch cht lng nc v bn
Pht trin nng lc: xc nh vn
C th ho cc iu kin ca ti liu thu ph i vi cng tc O&M do UDC

thc hin ti WWTP
44
Bo co tin (2)
Chun b v p dng cc mu bo co thng nht np bi UDC
Ci thin cc phng php O&M i vi cc thit b WWTP
Chun b kim k thit b ti WWTP cho cng tc qun l O&M
Gii thiu cc hot ng tit kim nng lng
xut i vi phn hi v thit k ca WWTP da trn kinh nghim O&M

Ngun: Bo co ca D n pht trin nng lc qun l thot nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
JICA/MLIT, 2010
3)
Tng cng vn hnh v bo dng ti cc cng trnh thot nc ti thnh ph H Ni

(2010)
Cc cng trnh thot nc thuc s qun l ca HSDC vn ch gm cc WWTPs nh
Kim Lin (cng sut 3.700 m3/ngy), Trc Bch (2.500 m3/ngy) v Bc Thng Long
(42.000 m3/ngy), p ng t hn 10% tng nhu cu dch v thot nc th ti thnh
ph H Ni. Hin ti, WWTP Yn S c cng sut l 200.000 m3/ngy gn hon thin,
tip l Cng vin Thng Nht (H By Mu: 13.300 m3/ngy), Yn X (270.000
m3/ngy) v Ph (84.000 m3/ngy) trong 5 10 nm tip theo. Theo ghi nhn, vic
pht trin nng lc cho HSDC qun l O&M i vi h thng thot nc vi WWTPs
cn phi c y mnh.
Nghin cu v hp tc k thut ni trn nhm cung cp nhng xut v t vn cho
HSDC nhm tng cng nng lc qun l O&M, c th nh sau.
nh gi hot ng O&M ta HSDC v lp k hoch vn hnh cc nh my x l

nc thi (Kim Lin, Trc Bch v Bc Thng Long) v trm bm nc ma Yn S
xut HSDC ci thin v tng cng cng tc qun l dch v cp nc bao gm

(a) m rng mng li thot nc Bc Thng Long. (b) gii thiu h thng iu
khin tp trung v gim st t xa i vi h thng thot nc, v (c) cc vn k
thut trong cng tc O&M i vi h thng thot nc
xut HSDC t chc chng trnh chuyn giao cng ngh vi cc thnh ph khc
c c s h tng pht trin
Trnh by cho HSDC v cc m hnh ca d n thot nc vi s cng tc t nhn

nh nc (PPP) v chun b l trnh p dng PPP vo d n thot nc trong
tng li ti thnh ph H Ni thng qua s t vn ca HSDC
45
Bo co tin (2)
Ti liu tham kho

1.
Nin gim thng k Vit Nam nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam
2.
S liu thng k kinh t - x hi ca 63 tnh v thnh ph, nm 2009, Vn phng Tng cc

Thng k Vit Nam
3.
Tng iu tra dn s v nh Vit Nm nm 2009: Kt qu ton b, Vn phng Tng cc Thng

k Vit Nam
4.
Danh sch cp nht cc th tnh n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2010, trang web ca B Xy dng,
http://www.moc.gov.vn/site/moc/cms?cmd=4&portionId=47&articleId=42446&portalSiteId=6&l
anguage=vi_VN
5.
C s h tng k thut cc khu th ca Vit Nam, cc Thch thc v chng trnh pht trin,
Ph GS.TS. Nguyn Hng Tin., Quyn Cc trng Cc H tng k thut, B Xy dng Vit
Nam
http://www.icex.es/partenariadovietnam/Sectorial/Infraestructuras%20tecnicas%20en%20zonas%
20urbanas%20de%20Vietnam.pdf
6.
Hi tho quc t v Xy dng v Mi trng, Trnh by: TS.Nguyn Hng Tin, Cc trng, Cc
H tng k thut, B Xy dng, Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam, thng 2 nm 2010, Tokyo
7.
D n nh gi ngnh nc, Bo co tng kt, ADB, 2009
8.
D n nh gi ngnh nc, tiu ngnh: cp nc v v sinh, ADB, 2007
9.
Bo co cng tc ng Nam , thng 6 nm 2010, Vit Nam, nh gi nc v v sinh, Chin

lc v L trnh, ADB, 2010
10. Chng trnh u t ngnh nc (RRP VIE 41456), nh gi ngnh (Tm tt): Cp nc
http://www.adb.org/Documents/RRPs/VIE/41456/41456-01-vie-ssa.pdf
11. Qun l ti nguyn nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/981/attach/06_chapter3-3hochiminh.pdf
12. Hip hi thy li New England, Hi tho v trin lm ma xun, D n BOO v cp nc Th
c, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Vit Nam
http://www.newwa.org/PDF/AprConf09Sess18-130.pdf
13. Khi cng xy dng Nh my X l nc Knh ng vi cng sut 200,000 m3/day, 24/04/ 2008
http://www.wacocorp.com/en/News/Tin-Cap-1-1-En/Work-Starts-On-Kenh-Dong-Water-Treatme
nt-Plant/
14. Hnh thnh Din n Khu vc, Daejeon Hn Quc, Thng 2 nm 2009, V qun l ti chnh cng,
Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin cp nc Hi Phng, Vit Nam, Thc s V Mnh Ha Ph
Gim c
http://www.adb.org/Water/WOP/PDFS/Financial-Management-HAWASU.pdf
15. D n pht trin ngun ngn lc cho ngnh nc min Trung, Bo co nh gi giai on cui,
JICA, 2009
16. D n pht trin ngun ngn lc cho ngnh nc min Trung, Bo co nh gi giai on cui,
Nghin cu b sung, JICA, 2009
17. Quyt nh 38/2007/QD-TTg, ngy 20 thng 3 nm 2007 v tiu ch phn loi v danh sch cc
doanh nghip 100% vn nh nc
18. Ngh nh 17/2007/ND-CP ngy 11 thng 7 nm 2007 v sn xut, cung cp v tiu th nc sch
46
Bo co tin (2)
19. Quyt nh 63/1998/QD-TTg, ngy 18 thng 3 nm 1998, ph duyt nh hng pht trin cp
nc th v cc khu cng nghip n nm 2020
20. Quyt nh 1929/2009/QD-TTg ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt
nh hng cp nc th v khu cng nghip Vit Nam n nm 2025 v tm nhn n nm
2050
21. Quyt nh16/2008/QD-BXD ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2008 v ban hnh Quy ch m bo an ton
cp nc
22. Quyt nh 2147/2010/QD-TTg, ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2010 ph duyt Chng trnh quc gia
chng tht thot, tht thu nc sch n nm 2025
23. Thng t 100/2009/TT-BTC ngy 20 thng 5 nm 2009, ban hnh khung gi tiu th nc sch
24. D n cp nc Vit Nam, Bo co hon thnh, Ngn hng th gii, 2006
25. D n pht trin cp nc th, Ti liu thm nh d n, Ngn hng th gii, 2004
26. Vit Nam: D n ci thin mi trng H Ch Minh, Bo co Tng kt, ADB 2008
27. Vit Nam: Cp nc v v sinh ti cc th trn, ADB 2005
28. Nc CHXH CN Vit Nam: D n cp nc v v sinh ti cc th x thuc tnh (phn 2), Bo co
tng kt, ADB, 2006
29. Nc CHXH CN Vit Nam: D n cp nc v v sinh ti cc th x thuc tnh, Bo co tng kt
(phn 3), Bo co v xut, ADB, 2001
30. Ngy 22 thng 2 nm 2011, Chng trnh u t tr gi 2,6 t USD a nc my n hng triu
gia nh Vit Nam, Manila, Philippines, ADB Website,
http://www.adb.org/Media/Articles/2011/13480-vietnam-water-projects/
31. Nc v x l nc thi, Trang web ca ai s qun Phn Lan ti H Ni
http://www.finland.org.vn/public/default.aspx?nodeid=39697&contentlan=2&culture=en-US
32. Trang web ca JICA
http://www.jica.go.jp/
33. D n pht trin nng lc cho cc n v cp nc th min Trung, Bo co kho st chi tit,
JICA, 2010
34. D n nh gi ngnh nc, Bo co tng kt (ADB, 2009)
35. Mt s vn x l nc thi v thot nc th, Ts.Nguyn Hng Tin, Trng V h tng,
B Xy Dng Vit Nam (trnh by ti Hi tho Vit Nam Nht Bn v h thng thot nc
th, 13 thng 12 nm 2010)
36. C s h tng k thut cc khu th ti Vit Nam, Thch thc v cc chng trnh pht trin,
TS.Nguyn Hng Tin, Quyn Cc trng, Cc H tng k thut, B Xy dng, Vit Nam
http://www.icex.es/partenariadovietnam/Sectorial/Infraestructuras%20tecnicas%20en%20zo
nas%20urbanas%20de%20Vietnam.pdf
37. Hin trng bo v mi trng th ti Vit Nam, Nguyn Minh c v inh Chnh Li, chuyn
vin B XD- Vit Nam
http://www.keco.or.kr/cms/upload/board/B0346/2010_101723_3250_489.ppt
38. Hin trng mi trng, gii php, nhu cu hp tc v u t ti
Tng cc Bo v Mi trng Vit Nam
Vit Nam, Ts.ng Vn Li,
http://www.bisd.or.kr/seminarPage/pds_data/20080721_03.pdf
39. D n nghin cu ci thin mi trng ti thnh ph Nng, nc CHXHCN Vit Nam, thng
3 nm 2010, NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.
47
Bo co tin (2)
40. D n v sinh ba thnh ph, Bo co hon thnh v kt qu, Ngn hng th gii, thng 6 nm
2009
41. Ngnh nc Vit Nam cn c s quan tm, Samantha Coomber
http://www.shpmedia.com/images/AW_JulyAugust_Country%20Focus%20Vietnam.pdf
42. Ngh nh 88/2007/ND-CP,2007, v thot nc th v khu cng nghip
43. Quyt nh 35/1999/QD-TTg, ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999, ph duyt nh hng pht trin thot
nc th n nm 2020
44. Quyt nh 1930/2009/QD-TTg ngy 20 thng 11 nm 2009 ph duyt nh hng pht trin
thot nc th v cc khu cng nghip ti Vit Nam n nm 2025 v tm nhn n 2050
45. Thng t 09/2009/TT-BXD, ngy 31 thng 5 nm 2009, quy nh chi tit mt s iu ca Ngh
nh 88/2007/ND-CP, ngy 28 thng 3 nm 2007 v thot nc th v khu cng nghip
46. Ngh nh 67/2003/ND-CP, ngy 13 thng 6 nm 2003 v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc
thi
47. Ngh nh 04/2007/N-CP, ngy 8 thng 1 nm 2007, sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh
67/2003/ND-CP, ngy 14 thng 6 nm 2003 v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi
48. Qun l v sinh cc khu th ti
2010, Ngn hng th gii
Vit Nam, Bo co c s v vn , d tho thng 1 nm
49. D n v sinh mi trng thnh ph H Ch Minh, Ti liu thm nh d n, Ngn hng th gii,
2001
50. D n v sinh mi trng cc thnh ph ven bin, Ti liu thm nh, Ngn hng th gii, 2006
51. Qun l nc thi v v sinh th ti Vit Nam Hng ti mt mi trng kinh doanh bn
vng, ADB Nhim v ca ngi dn Vit Nam, 8 thng 3 nm 2011, Phng nn hi tho
52. Trang web ca JICA
http://www.jica.go.jp/
53. D n pht trin nng lc qun l thot nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, Bo co Tng kt, JICA,
2010
54. Bo co v D n pht trin nng lc qun l thot nc ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, JICA/MLIT,
2010
48
Bo co tin (2)

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C QUAN HP TC QUC T NHT BN (JICA)

NC CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Nghin cu Qun l Mi trng th

NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

4.2.4 Ph nc thi .................................................................................................................... 37

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Cc n v hnh chnh Vit Nam (2009)

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

C cu hnh chnh ti Vit Nam (2009)

C cu s dng t Vit Nam (2009)

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Ngn hng pht trin Chu

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Nghin cu ngnh cp thot nc

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Xc nh nhng vn ch yu trong ngnh cp thot nc

Xc nh phng hng pht trin ca ngnh cp thot nc th

Nghin cu phng hng h tr t ngun ODA cho ngnh cp thot nc th v

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Cc n v hnh chnh Vit Nam (2009)

Chnh quyn trung ng

C cu hnh chnh ti Vit Nam (2009)

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

t rng l t c s dng sn xut rng hoc thc nghim, bao gm rng sn

t chuyn dng l t c s dng cc mc ch khc, khng phi t dnh cho nng

t l t s dng xy dng nh v cc cng trnh phc v cho i sng cho c

t sn xut nng nghip

Din tch (km2)

t sn xut nng nghip

t sn xut nng nghip

C cu s dng t Vit Nam (2009)

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Dn s th v nng thn Vit Nam vo nm Vietnam (2009)

Dn s th v nng thn ti Vit Nam (2009)

Tng s dn ca c nc tng nhanh t 77,6 triu ngi vo nm 2000 ln n 85,8 triu

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

Phn trm trong tng s dn

Tng trng dn s v tc th ha ti Vit Nam (2000-2009)

GDP theo gi c nh tng nhanh chng t 441.646 t VND vo nm 2000 ln 1.658.389 t

Nghin cu qun l mi trng th ti Vit Nam

Tp. 03: Bo co nghin cu v cp thot nc

GDP (109 VND)

Phn trm trong tng GDP

T l tng trng GDP thc t theo gi c nh nm 1994 tng trng u k t nm 2001

Tc tng trng (%)

6.79 6.89 7.08

8.44 8.23 8.46

Trang web ca Vn phng Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam

Tc tng trng GDP thc t ca Vit Nam (2000-2010)