CHNG IX CHU NGHA XA HOI HIEN THC VA TRIEN VONG

XVI----------1848----1917-1922----1945------1991 CNXHKT - CNXHKH=> (CNXHHT) I. CHU NGHA XA HOI HIEN THC - CNXHHT ? - Hnh thai cu the trong lch s ? - CNXHHT c xac lap au tien trong ieu kien lch s nao ? - Mo hnh CNXH Xo Viet xay dng trong lch s noi len nhng ac iem nao ?

I. CHU NGHA XA HOI HIEN THC 1. Cach mang xa hoi chu ngha Thang Mi Nga, mo hnh CNXH hien thc au tien 1861 Q Nga 1914 CTQ 25/10/1917 CNXHHT ieu kien lch s:
CNXH.

- CNTB Nga cha phat trien ay u e co the thc hien

- Q Nga tham gia chien tranh the gii lan th nhat. Chien tranh e quoc lam chn muoi tnh the CMVS. V. I. Lenin: Hoa bnh, dan sinh, dan chu la mau so chung cac trao lu cach mang trong nc. CMVS Nga gianh thang li tren c s thc hien s ket hp gia chien tranh nong dan vi phong trao cong nhan tren pham vi the gii va trong nc.

QUA TRNH THC HIEN CMXHCN

10/1917 1921- 1922- 12/ 1925-1928------1937 + Thc hien chnh sach CNCS thi chien. + Thc hien chnh sach kinh te mi: - Thc hien thue nong nghiep. - Khoi phuc va phat trien quan he H-T. - Ke hoach ien kh hoa toan quoc. - Thc hien Chu ngha t ban nha nc. + Cng lnh xay dng CNXH cua CS. - Cai tao nen kinh te quoc dan. - Thc hien cong nghiep hoa XHCN.

---(1941-1945)----------1960 CNXH phat trien 1985

NHA NC XO VIET (Ke hoach hoa xay dng, phat trien nen KTQD) NONG NGHIEP CONG NGHIEP (Nong trang tap the) (Cong nghiep quoc doanh) H------------------ T----------------- H ( TNQD va HTX mua ban ) - The che kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung. - Quan ly: bang he thong ch tieu phap lenh. Moi ngi tuan thu nghiem ngat thong nhat tieu chuan trong cong viec san xuat va phan phoi san pham. - Nguyen tac phan phoi theo lao ong.

2. S ra i cua he thong cac nc xa hoi chu ngha va nhng thanh tu cua no. a) S ra i he thong cac nc XHCN.
1939 1945-------------------->1960 HTXHCNTG ieu kien lch s: - Nhan dan Xo Viet va cac LL tien bo the gii a cu nhan loai khoi tham hoa CN Phat xt. Tnh u viet cua che o XHCN c khang nh. Phong trao giai phong dan toc tren the gii phat trien manh me. - Phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh tai cac nc TBCN sau chien tranh.

PHONG TRAO GIAI PHONG DAN TOC 1870------1900-----1945--------------1961-------> QCN THUOC A PT - Anh 90% C Phi Khong lien ket - Phap 27,5% MLT Dan toc L - Nga 51,5% Chau A The gii III - c Chau Uc - Ao - Y - Hoa Ky - Nhat Ban

S RA I VA PHAT TRIEN HE THONG CAC NC XA HOI CHU NGHA --1917-1921-1922---1945-1949------1959----------------> - Lien Xo HE THONG - Mong Co XHCN the gii - CHDC c 13 Quoc gia - Hunggari 26% DTTG - Rumani 35% DSTG - Tiep Khac - Anbani - Ba Lan - Bungari - Trung Quoc - Viet Nam - Trieu Tien - Cuba

CNTB 1917 CNXH 1945 HTTG 1975 CMKH-CN Trong hoan canh lch s the gii ( CHIEN TRANH LANH )

THE GII TBCN (TG II)

DAN TOC OC LAP (KLK) (TG III)

THE GII XHCN (TG I)

- Tnh u viet CNXH ? - Nhng han che mo hnh CNXH hien thc ?

b) Nhng thanh tu cua chu ngha xa hoi hien thc + Nhng thanh tu ve mat chnh tr, van hoa xa hoi: - Di che o XHCN, ngi lao ong a c giai phong khoi che o ap bc, boc lot tao nen mot ong lc mi ve vat chat, tinh than lam nen nhng thanh tu v ai tren moi lnh vc. - CNXH a ong vai tro la thanh tr cach mang, cho da vng chac cua phong trao giai phong dan toc, mot trao lu cach mang to ln lam bien oi the gii the ky XX.

- He thong XHCN the gii a la lc lng tien phong cua phong trao hoa bnh, ngan nga chien tranh the gii. - CNXH a tac ong tch cc en cuoc au tranh cua nhan dan trong long CNTB cho tien bo xa hoi. Tnh u viet cua CNXHHT co tac ong manh me en s bien oi cua CNTB ng ai, nhat la lnh vc: chnh tr, van hoa, xa hoi.

+ Nhng thanh tu ve kinh te: Trc cach mang XHCN Thang Mi Nga, so vi cac nc phat trien khac, nc Nga lac hau ve kinh te ky thuat t 50 en 100 nam. Hoan thanh ke hoach 5 nam lan th hai 1937, Lien Xo a tr thanh mot trong hai sieu cng cua the gii. en 1980 Lien Xo van gi v tr sieu cng kinh te th hai sau My. 1913 25/10/1917 1985 Thu nhap quoc dan theo au ngi CCCP: 1 66 Ny : 22 100

II. S KHUNG HOANG, SUP O MO HNH CHU NGHA XA HOI XO VIET VA NGUYEN NHAN CUA NO 1. S khung hoang va sup o mo hnh chu ngha xa hoi Xoviet. 1917------1937-----1960-------1985------9/1991 Khung hoang mo hnh CNXH Xo Viet trong ieu kien lch s: - Mo hnh CNXH trong giai oan lch s phat trien kinh te theo chieu rong , a i en gii han. - Lch s nhan loai chuyen sang phat trien kinh te theo chieu sau. CMKH cong nghe, toan cau hoa.

ng trc boi canh quoc te mi vi chu e thi ai, CS Trung Quoc va lanh tu, t tam nhn sau rong quan sat, phan tch the gii, nam chac va nhay ben s chuyen bien cua thi ai, kien tr thc hien cai cach va m ca nam 1979, khien CNXH Trung quoc co sc song doi dao gianh c nhieu thanh tu to ln.

2. Nguyen nhan dan en khung hoang va sup o cua mo hnh chu ngha xa hoi Xoviet Trong s sup o cua Lien Xo va ong Au: Nguyen nhan sau xa la nhng sai lam thuoc ve mo hnh phat trien cua CNXH kieu Xoviet. - Nguyen nhan ben ngoai la s tan cong cua cac the lc CNTB the gii. Nguyen nhan trc tiep va chu yeu nhat la vai tro cua ang Cong san, Nha nc XHCN vi nhng nhiem vu at ra trong bc ngoat mi cua lch s nhan loai cuoi the ky XX.

a) Nguyen nhan sau xa:

+ Sai lam ve phng phap t duy: giao ieu ve ly luan; coi ly luan CNXHKH cua C. Mac Ph. Angghen nh la mot the hoan chnh nhat thanh bat bien. Ph. Angghen: CNXH, khong phai la cai g o nhat thanh bat bien, ma cung nh moi che o xa hoi khac, no can phai c xem xet nh mot xa hoi c thay oi va cai tao thng xuyen. Tuyet oi hoa mo hnh CNXH Xo Viet xay dng au tien, coi o la xa hoi ly tng cac nc tuan theo, khong can c vao nhng ieu kien lch s cu the cua dan toc va thi ai.

V. I. Lenin: Hoc thuyet cua chung toi- PH. Angghen noi ve mnh va ve ngi ban noi tieng cua mnh- khong phai la giao ieu ma la kim ch nam cho hanh ong Quen khong nhn phng dien ay th chung ta se lam cho chu ngha Mac tr thanh phien dien, meo mo, cng ; chung ta se pha huy nhng c s ly luan c ban cua notc la phep bien chng, hoc thuyet ve s phat trien lch s, mot s phat trien toan dien va cha ay mau thuan; chung ta se pha huy s lien he gia chu ngha Mac vi nhng nhiem vu thc tien nhat nh cua thi ai, nhng nhiem vu co the bien oi moi bc ngoat mi cua lch s .

Mo hnh phat trien cua CNXH Xoviet: - Nong voi, chu quan, duy y ch trong viec thc hien che o cong hu ve TLSX vi hai hnh thc: toan dan va tap the. Che o dan chu va nha nc XHCN trong thc tien cham kien toan phat trien; hn the na, nhng y nh cai cach khac vi mo hnh Xoviet c coi la i chech quy ao XHCN. - Tuyet oi hoa kinh te ke hoach, tap trung, coi nhe hoac phu nh sieu hnh cac quy luat cua kinh te hang hoa.
C. Mac: Sau khi PTSXTBCN a b xoa bo, nhng nen san xuat xa hoi van c duy tr, th s quy nh gia tr van co tac ong chi phoi, cang quan trong hn bao gi het, se phai ieu tiet thi gian lao ong va phan phoi lao ong gia nhng nhom san xuat khac nhau.

C. Mac: Trong chu ngha xa hoi quy luat gia tr lao ong van phat huy tac dung tren phng dien: - ieu tiet thi gian lao ong. - Phan phoi lao ong gia cac nhom san xuat khac nhau. Tnh chat lch s cua quy luat kinh te: Ph. Angghen: Chung toi tha nhan rang chung toi rat a thch cai quan iem lch s xuyen suot toan bo cuon sach, cho phep tac gia thay rang cac quy luat kinh te khong phai la chan ly vnh cu ma ch la s bieu at nhng ieu kien cua s ton tai nhng trang thai nhat thi, nhat nh cua xa hoi.

Vi pham, xa ri, tham ch phan boi nhng nguyen tac cua chu ngha xa hoi: - Ri bo muc tieu, con ng i len CNXH, CNCS. - Bac bo s menh lch s cua giai cap cong nhan va CS lanh ao duy nhat oi vi xa hoi. - Bac bo he t tng cua chu ngha Mac-Lenin la he t tng cua giai cap cong nhan. - Bac bo nhat nguyen ve chnh tr XHCN ma thc hien a nguyen ve chnh tr, a ang oi lap. - ang Cong san sai ng loi, thoai hoa ve pham chat, xa ri quan chung va Nha nc quan lieu, tham nhung.

NGUYEN NHAN BEN NGOAI Chu ngha e quoc a can thiep toan dien, va tinh vi, va trang trn, thc hien c dien bien hoa bnh trong noi bo Lien Xo va cac nc ong Au.

bai cua cach mang, gieo rac hoang mang, tuyen truyen lui bc, o la nhng vu kh va nhng thu oan au tranh giai cap cua GCTB hien ai. Neu ngi ta xem xet thc chat cua van e, th co bao gi ngi ta thay trong lch s lai co mot phng thc san xuat mi nao ng vng ngay c ma khong trai qua nhieu that bai trong thi ky lau dai, nhieu sai lam va tai pham khong?
Phuntin: Phu nh nhng thanh tu mo hnh xa hoi trong qua kh la nhng ke khong co lng tam; Muon quay ve mo hnh xa hoi trong qua kh la ngi khong co au oc.

V. I. Lenin: Che nhao nhng kho khan va nhng that

III. TRIEN VONG CUA CHU NGHA XA HOI

XVI CNTB-1848,1871,1917-1991-----> CNXH T BAN LAO ONG Xuat phat t can c nao, ma xac nh trien vong cua CNXH ? - Nguon goc hnh thanh, phat trien CNCS. - Cac yeu to xa hoi chu ngha a xuat hien, ang tr thanh xu the phat trien tat yeu trong long xa hoi t ban hien ai. - Tnh a dang cua cac xu hng phat trien CNXH cua the gii ng ai.

C. Mac: Xuat phat t cho chu ngha cong san hnh thanh t chu ngha t ban, phat trien len, trong qua trnh lch s, t chu ngha t ban, la ket qua cua s tac ong mot lc lng xa hoi do chu ngha t ban sinh ra: Giai cap cong nhan hien ai.

1945 CMKH-KT 1980 CMKH-CONG NGHE (PTKT chieu rong) => ( PTKT theo chieu sau)
> WB-IMF T H -> SX:TNC -> H

T BAN TC >< LAO ONG TC

T+t = H WTO (INTERNET, VT hien ai) < -CMKHCN->TCHKT phat trien manh t 1980. -Tin hoc mang toan cau phat trien t 1989. -To chc thng mai the gii thay GATT 1995.

Trong giai oan hien nay, s tac ong cua cach mang khoa hoc cong nghe va toan cau hoa nen kinh te TBCN; nhng mau thuan cua CNTB khong mat i ma bieu hien di nhng hnh thai mi: - QHSX><LLSX, bieu hien TS><VS tren quy mo toan cau. - CNQ><T->nc giau><nc ngheo. - TB><TB->Vung trung tam><Ngoai vi. - CNTB><CNXH. Giai quyet cac mau thuan tren,- la xu the van ong cua lch s t CNTB len CNXH-CNCS.

Nhng yeu to mi CNXH, hnh thanh va phat trien trong long xa hoi t ban, trc het la trong nen san xuat vat chat cua xa hoi: Cong ty co phan. CTCP a ra i t lau tren con ng phat trien cua CNTB. C. Mac nghien cu a nhn thay o la iem qua o tat nhien e t ban lai chuyen thanh s hu cua nhng ngi san xuat lien hp, thanh s hu xa hoi trc tiep. - S hu xa hoi trc tiep la g, co khac s hu chung khong ?

C. Mac: Khong mot xa hoi nao diet vong trc khi tat ca nhng LLSX ma hnh thai xa hoi o tao a ban ay u cho phat trien, van cha phat trien va nhng QHSX mi, cao hn, cung khong bao gi xuat hien trc khi nhng ieu kien ton tai vat chat cua nhng quan he o cha chn muoi trong long ban than xa hoi cu. Nhng x nghiep co phan TBCN, cung nh nhng cong xng hp tac, eu phai c coi la nhng hnh thai qua o t PTSXTBCN sang phng thc san xuat tap the.

C. Mac xac nh cong ty co phan o la s thu tieu t ban vi t cach la s hu t nhan trong nhng gii han cua ban than phng thc san xuat t ban chu ngha. Xu hng qua o o cung la cach nhn bien chng cua V. I. Lenin khi cho rang: Ngay nay th chu ngha xa hoi

nhn sang chung ta t tat ca nhng khung ca cua chu ngha t ban hien ai, chu ngha xa hoi ang hien ra trc tiep, tren thc tien, trong moi bien phap quan trong, tao thanh mot bc tien tren c s chu ngha t ban hien ai ay.
V. I. Lenin: TT, NXB Tien bo, 1976, t. 34, tr. 258

-XVI------- 1870 ---- 1985- 19912008-2010----> CMKH-KT-----> KH-CN CHE O TN DUNG

SC SXXH l/ - SL: % tri thc, chc nang l/. - He thong may moc

TH TRNG THE GII Toan cau hoa nen KT

C

v S VAT CHAT CUA MOT HNH THAI KINH TE XA HOI MI

 che o tn dung ay nhanh toc o phat trien cua LLSX vat chat va s hnh thanh th trng the gii; ay hai yeu to o phat trien en mot mc o nhat nh vi t cach la c s vat chat cua mot hnh thai san xuat mi, o chnh la nhiem vu lch s cua PTSXTBCN. ong thi tn dung ay nhanh s bung no bang bao lc cua mau thuan o, tc la nhng cuoc khung hoang, va do o, cung lam tang them nhng yeu to lam tan ra phng thc san xuat cu.
541 )

( C. Mac: T ban, tap th ba, p1, NxbST HN 1986, tr 540-

CNTB --->CNXH tng lai cua nhan loai - Lien xo va cac nc ong Au sup o: S sup o cua CNXH ? o la s sup o mo hnh XHCN, giao ieu, chu quan, duy y ch, vi pham quy luat khach quan. - Bien chng khach quan cua s phat trien la cho: trong khi phat trien ay u nhat nhng tiem nang cua mnh, CNTB lai tao ra nhng tien e cho s diet vong tat yeu cua mnh, cho s thay the tat yeu no bang CNXH. - Thanh qua at c cua viec tien hanh cai cach, oi mi, m ca Trung Quoc, Viet Nam. - Xuat hien xu hng XHCN My Latinh.

Ho va ten: Lp: STT: a

1 2

KIEM TRA GIA KY

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8 9

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CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM

1. Xo viet cong nong xac lap nc Nga trong: a) CM nong no nam 1861. b) CM Thang 2 nam 1917. c) CM Thang Mi Nga 25/10/1917. d) 30/12/1922. 2. Mo hnh chu ngha xa hoi Xo Viet xay dng trong ieu kien: a) Chu ngha t ban Nga cha phat trien. b) Noi chien va chien tranh e quoc. c) Chien tranh lanh t cac nc t ban chu ngha. d) Ca ba ieu kien tren.

3. CMXHCN no ra nc Nga trong ieu kien: a) Tnh huong ac biet nc Nga trong chien tranh the gii lan th nhat. b) CNTB Nga a phat trien. c) T ban nha nc Nga a phat trien hoan thien. d) Ca ba ieu kien tren. 4. Cng lnh xay dng CNXH Lien Xo a ra: a) 26/10/1917. b) Thang 3/1921. c) Thang 12/1925. d) Nam 1937.

5. Noi dung quan trong nhat cua chnh sach kinh te mi; V. I. Lenin a ra nam 1921 la: a) Chnh sach thue lng thc. b) Cng lnh xay dng chu ngha xa hoi. c) Ke hoach ien kh hoa toan lien bang. d) Thc hien chu ngha t ban nha nc. 6. Mo hnh chu ngha xa hoi Xo Viet noi len: a) Vai tro cua Nha nc trong thc hien ke hoach hoa nen kinh te quoc dan. b) Cai tao va xay dng hai loai hnh san xuat ln: Nong trang tap the va cong nghiep quoc doanh. c) Thc hien phan phoi theo lao ong. d) Ba noi dung tren.

7. Phong trao giai phong dan toc phat trien manh giai oan: a) 1917-1945. b) 1945-1960. c) 1961- 1975. d) 1975-1991. 8. He thong cac nc xa hoi chu ngha ra i trong ieu kien lch s: a) Tnh u viet cua chu ngha xa hoi hien thc: Lien bang cong hoa xa hoi chu ngha Xo Viet. b) Che o thuoc a cua chu ngha t ban sup o. c) Phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh tai cac nc t ban chu ngha. d) Ba ieu kien lch s tren.

9. CNTB hien ai ke tha t he thong XHCN nhng thanh tu ve: a) Quan ly v mo cua nha nc. b) Cong cuoc oi mi XHCN. c) Cong nghiep hoa, hien ai hoa. d) Ve chnh tr, van hoa, xa hoi. 10. Nguyen nhan trc tiep va chu yeu nhat dan en khung hoang, sup o CNXH Lien Xo: a) Chu ngha e quoc can thiep. b) ang Cong san thoai hoa ve pham chat, Nha nc quan lieu, tham nhung, mat long nhan dan. c) e cao vai tro ke hoach hoa nen KTQD. d) Phu nh sieu hnh quan he kinh te th trng.

11. S tap trung t lieu san xuat va xa hoi hoa lao ong

a at en cai iem ma chung khong con thch hp vi cai vo t ban cua chung na. Ket luan cua C. Mac ve:
a) Tnh the CMXHCN. b) Thi c CMXHCN. c) Nguyen nhan cach mang XHCN. d) Phng phap cach mang XHCN. 12. Thiet lap chnh quyen chuyen chnh dan chu cach mang GCCN va GCND quan iem cua: a) C. Mac va Ph. Angghen. b) V. I. Lenin. c) Ho Ch Minh. d) Cac ang Cong san.

13. ieu kien c ban e rut ngan ngay lao ong; Ph. Angghen luan chng la: a) Nang xuat lao ong thang d cao. b) Nen san xuat do toan bo xa hoi ieu tiet. c) Moi ngi co kha nang lao ong phai lao ong. d) Ca ba ieu kien tren. 14. Chuyen toan bo ruong at ve tay giai cap nong dan, la noi dung cua: a) Cach mang xa hoi chu ngha. b) Cach mang dan chu t san. c) Chuyen chnh vo san. d) Ca ba noi dung tren.

15. Hnh thai ac thu phng thc san xuat t ban chu ngha, C. Mac phat hien la: a) Cong xa nong nghiep. b) Xng th. c) S phan cong lao ong trong cong trng thu cong. d) ai cong nghiep. 16. Cach mang ve t lieu lao ong thc hien au tien tai: a) Hp chung quoc Hoa Ky 1776. b) Nc Phap 1789. c) Nc Anh 1768 1825. d) Nc c 1848.

17. Chu ngha xa hoi khoa hoc, trnh bay co he thong, toan dien lan au tien trong tac pham: a) Tnh canh giai cap cong nhan Anh ( 1845). b) Gia nh than thanh ( 1844 ). c) Tuyen ngon cua ang Cong san ( 1848 ). d) T ban Phe phan khoa kinh te hoc ( 1867 ). 18. Cach mang t lieu lao ong a dien ra trong lch s la: a) Cach mang cong nghiep Anh. b) Cach mang khoa hoc - ky thuat. c) Cach mang khoa hoc cong nghe. d) Ca ba cuoc cach mang tren.

19. Nhng yeu to vat chat CNTB tao lap cho s hnh thanh CNXH, C. Mac luan chng la: a) Nen san xuat vat chat phat trien cao, th trng the gii. b) Giai cap vo san. c) Cach mang vo san. d) Mau thuan li ch hai giai cap c ban. 20. ac trng c ban nhat cua giai cap cong nhan; C. Mac phan tch la: a) Giai cap b ap bc, boc lot. b) Phng thc lao ong trong nen san xuat vat chat cua xa hoi t ban chu ngha. c) Giai cap chiem so lng ln trong dan c. d) Ca ba ac trng tren.