1.

Trong cc cht sau y cht no c kh nng lm nht mu dung dch brom ngay nhit thng:
A. Benzen
B. Toluen
C. Stiren
D. Xilen
2. t chy hon ton hn hp gm2olefin cho(m+4)g H2O v ( m +30) gam CO2 . Gi tr ca m l :
A. 35 g
B. 28 g
C. 21 g
D. 14g
7. Mt bnh kn cha hn hp gm hirocacbon X v H2 c bt Ni , nung nng , thu c mt kh B
duy nht. t chy B cho 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O . Cho bit V hn hp u = 3VB. Cng thc phn t
ca X l :
A. C2H4
B. C2H6
C. C2H2
D. C3H6
9.Hn hp X gm0,1 mol propylen v 0,2 mol H2 qua bt Ni t nng c hn hp Y .t chy
hon ton Y , lng nc thu c l :
A. 27g
B. 18g
C.9g
D. 4,5g
25.t chy hon ton m g hh cha metan, etilen,axetilen, etan,propilen,propin thu c 22g H2O. Ga
tr m l:
A. 40
B. 6.
C. 2.
D. 8.
26.Cracking 560lit C4H10 thu dc1010 lit hh cha C2H6,C2H4,C3H6,C4H8,H2,C4H10 d,CH4..Th tch
C4H10 cn
d l:
A. 55.
B.60.
C.80.
D.110.
27.t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hh gm CH4, C4H10, C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 v 0,23 mol H2O.S
mol ca an kan v an ken c trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,09 v 0,01.
B.0,01 v 0,09.
C. 0,08 v 0,02.
D.0,02 v 0,08
Cu 70: Nung m gam hn hp X gm 3 mui natri ca 3 axit no n chc vi NaOH d thu c
cht rn D v hn hp Y gm 3 ankan. T khi ca Y so vi H2 l 11,5. Cho D tc dng vi H2SO4
d thu c 17,92 lt CO2 (ktc).
a. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,0.
B. 84,8.
C. 42,4.
D. 71,2.
Axit no n chc => k = 0 Gc hidrocabon ; m = 1 S chc
=> CnH2n +2 - 1 COOH Xc nh theo cch 1 Hay CnH2n +1 COOH
=> Mui : CnH2n +1 COONa SGK 11 nc 252 Tnh cht ha hc nh axit
PT : CnH2n +1 COONa +NaOH => CnH2n +2 (hhY) + Na2CO3 (D) (1)
P iu ch ankan SGK 11nc 146
Ta c Na2CO3 + H2SO4 => Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
nNa2CO3 = nCO2 = 0,8 mol Th vo PT 1 => nNa2CO3 = nhhY = nNaOH = 0,8 mol
BT khi lng => m + mNaOH = mhh Y + mNa2CO3
m + 0,8.40 = 0,8.11,5.2 + 0,8.106 V t l khi Y so vi H2 = 11,5 => m = 71,2 g => D
Cu 69: t chy mt s mol nh nhau cua 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO2 nh nhau v
t l s mol nc v CO2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 : 1 : 1,5. Xc nh CT K, L, M
(vit theo th t tng ng):
A. C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H4. B. C3H8 , C3H4 , C2H4.
C. C3H4 , C3H6 , C3H8.D. C2H2 , C2H4 ,
C2H6
Ta thy t cng 1 s mol to ra cng 1 lng CO2 => K, L , M cng s C.
K => nH2O / nCO2 = 1/2 => chn nH2O = 1 => nCO2 = 2 nCO2 > nH2O Ankin CnH2n-2

ADCT : => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 2 / (2 -1) = 2 => C2H2

TH2 : nH2O / nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = nCO2 => anken => C2H4 v K,L,M cng s C
TH3 : nH2O / nCO2 =3/2 => chn nH2O = 3 => nCO2 = 2 nH2O > nCO2 Ankan CnH2n+2
ADCT => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 / (3-2) =2 => C2H6 Hoc thy cng s C => n=2
=>D
Cu 61: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4 v C3H6, thu c
11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 12,6 gam H2O. Tng th tch ca C2H4 v C3H6 (ktc) trong hn hp A l:
A. 5,60.
B. 3,36.
C. 4,48.
D. 2,24.
Hn hp A gm ankan CH4;C2H6;C3H8 v anken C2H4 v C3H6
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp ankan V nH2O = nCO2 trng hp anken t chy => tr cho nhau
trit tiu => cn li nH2O nCO2 = n ankan => nhn hp ankan = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol
n hn hp anken = nhn hp A nhn hp Ankan = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => V = 2,24 lt

Cu 62: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm CH4, C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 thu c x mol CO2 v 18x gam
H2O. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 trong A l:
A. 30%.
B. 40%.
C. 50%.
D. 60%.
Thu c x mol CO2 v 18x g H2O => nCO2 = nH2O = x mol => ging trng hp k = 1
Hn hp A cha ankan l CH4 k=0 v ankin :C2H2 ; C3H4 ; C4H6 k=2
thnh k =1 => nCH4 = nC2H2 + nC3H4 + nC4H6 => %CH4 = 50% Mt na
Cu 56: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn ph m chy vo nc v i trong
c 20 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri un nng phn nc lc li c 10 gam kt ta n a. V y X
khng th l:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2
Xem bi 97 chuyn 1 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 + 2nCaCO3 nung = 0,2 + 2.0,1 = 0,4
=> x = nCO2 / nX = 2 S C trong X => A , B , D u th a mn => C sai Kh ng th 1C
Cu 50: iu kin tiu chu n c 1 hn hp kh gm 2 hirocacbon no A v B, t khi hi ca hn hp
i vi H2 l 12.
a. Khi lng CO2 v hi H2O sinh ra khi t chy 15,68 lt hn hp ( ktc).
b. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C2H6.
B. CH4 v C3H8.
C. CH4 v C4H10.
D. C A, B v C.
Ta c 1 < n = 11/7 => Chc chn hn hp s c CH4 => A , B , C th a mn ng b la khng
k tip nha
Cu 78: Mt hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H6, CH4. t chy hon ton 11t hn hp X thu c 12,6 gam
H2O. Nu cho 11,2 lt hn hp X (ktc) qua dung dch brom d thy c 100 gam brom phn ng. Thnh
phn % th tch ca X ln lt l
A. 50%; 25% ; 25%.
B. 25% ; 25; 50%.
C.16% ; 32; 52%.
D. 33,33%; 33,33; 33,33%.
Cu 63: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d)
th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng
vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c
trong X l

A. 40%.
B. 20%.
C. 25%.
D. 50%.
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2
=> 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6
(I)
P vi Br2 d => nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 = nBr2 y + 2z = 0,3mol (II)
Vi 13,44 lt (ktc) => n hn hp = nCH4 + C2H4 + nC2H2 = 0,6
n C2H2 = nKet tua AgCCAg = 0,15 mol
=> nC2H2 / n hn hp = z / (x + y + z) = 1 /4 x + y 3z = 0 (III) Phi chia tm ra t l v 13,44
lt khng phi ca 8,6 g
Gii h I , II , III => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 => %VCH4 = nCH4 / n hn hp = x .100%/ (x + y + z) = 0,2 /
0,4 = 50%
Cu 73: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn ph m
bng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn
5%. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l:
A. C2H4.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C5H10.
Anken => CT : CnH2n => nCO2 = 0,1.n mol
CO2 p vi NaOH sau p thy d NaOH => CO2 ht ; NaOH d ( bi)
P : CO2 + 2NaOH => Na2CO3 + H2O => nNaOH p = 2nCO2 = 0,2n => mNaOH p = 8n (g)
m NaOH d = mNaOH ban u - mNaOH p = 100.21,62/100% - 8n = 21,62 8n
Ta c m dd sau p => mH2O + mCO2 + mddNaOH = 1,8 n + 4,4n + 100 (V cho ton b sn ph m
vo)
C% NaOH sau p = mNaOH d / mdd sau p
5% = (21,62-8n).100%/(4,4n + 1,8n +100) n = 2 => C2H4 (Chc chn n = 2 v 21,62 8n >0
=> n < 2,7
n = 2 (Hoc c th th p n => A
Dng ny c CT : C% = (mNaOH ban u 8 n ) / (6,2 n + mddNaOH)
Cu 3: Cho mt hn hp kh X gm hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d vo bnh kn ri t chy , sau lm
lnh hn hp kh thu c , thy th tch gim 33.3% so vi th tch hn hp thu c.Nu dn hn hp
kh tip tc qua dung dch KOH th tch gim 75% s cn li. CTPT ca A l:
A. C3H6
B. C3H4
C.C2H6
D.C4H4
Cu 7: Hn hp Z gm 0.15 mol CH4; 0.09 mol C2H2 v 0.2 mol H2. Nung nng hn hp Z vi Ni xc
tc thu hn hp Y. Cho Y qua dd nc brom d thu c hh kh A c t khi so vi hiddro l 8. tng
khi lng bnh brom l 0.82 g . S gam C2H6 trong A l:
A. 2.7g
B. 1.8 g
C. 180 g
D.27.2 g
Bi 2: Hn hp X gm H2,mt anken A , mt ankin B.Cho hn hp X qua mt lng d dd
AgNO3 trong dung dch amoniac thu c 1.61 g kt ta . Hn hp Y thot ra ngoi c th tch bng
90% th tch hh X. Nung X vi xc tc thch hp s hiro ha xy ra hon ton th thu c hh Z ch
gm 2 cht kh , c th tch bng 70% th tch ca X . T khi hi ca Z so vi hiro l 9.
a) Tnh th tch hn hp X ( KTC) v xc nh CTCTph hp ca A v B.
b) Vit cc pt chuyn ha qua li gi a A v B ( ng vi CTCT tm c).
Cu 18: X l mt hircacbon mch h cha khng qu 3 lin kt bi trong phn t. Hn hp Y gm X v lng
H2 gp i lng cn thit hir ha hon ton X. Cho hn hp Y qua Ni nung nng, sau phn ng thu c
Z c t khi so vi hir l 31/3. t m gam Z cn va 13,44lit O2 (ktc). Hp th hon ton sn phm chy

vo
400ml
dd
Ca(OH)2
0,5M
A 33,49g B 35,46g C 37,43g D 39,4g

KOH

0.25M

thu

khi

lng

kt

ta