Principles of Management o Nguyn Trung, BBus 3.

Management Homework 2

Question 1 The Broken windows theory was first introduced by social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in March 1982. The Broken windows theory posits that something as simple as a building with a broken window signals abandonment, a lax attitude toward property and therefore an absence of respect for the law (Adams, 2006). Rudy Giuliani, mayor of New York City from 1994-2001, put the theory in to action. People believe that his policies and leadership reduced the crime rate, but I need more information to make a right judgment. I need to know: how safe do people truly feel. Safety is not just about coming home late at night, lights on the street are on, police cars are patrolling all over, its safe; or let the children come around in the neighborhood at night without fear for kidnapping, safety is more than that. Its about how people truly feel when they go to bed every nights, without fear for being broken suddenly at midnight; how they enjoy living in their neighborhood; and, its about how they prepare themselves and how many steps they take to protect themselves and their families from crime (have a gun, for example). In my opinion,

falling in crime is a wonderful happening, but what is worth reducing crime rate if people themselves do not feel safe? The most important thing I need to know is how much safe do people really feel after the Broken Windows policies were brought into action, how they think the policies may positively affect their lives, and these information could be gathered by questionnaire. During Rudys mayor 8-year-term-of-office, New York Citys violent crime fell 56 percent, robbery fell 67 percent, and murder down nearly two-thirds (Adams, 2006). But this is only the tip of the iceberg, the underground crime is more difficult to know. Not violent people, nor criminals, but disreputable or obstreperous or unpredictable people: panhandlers, drunks, addicts, rowdy teenagers, prostitutes, loiterers, etc. In my opinion, these people might be a potential source of crime. Without the intervention of law and policies, these activities would escalate; all become part of the regular activities, people who live in the area start to feel vulnerable and begin to withdraw, they become less willing to intervene to maintain public order. An official report about the number of the disorderly people around the city is a needful tool to make a right judgment for me; it can show how much effort Mr. Guiliani was trying to keep these activities under control. I can easily base on this report to properly evaluate the effects of Broken Windows policies to preserve the public order.

Question 2: The word nepotism in business refers to the hiring of relatives of owner of the business regardless of merit (Prokosch, 2001). Organizations avoid nepotism because it seems unfair.

There are many debates that whether nepotism is a good thing or a bad thing, but unfortunately there is no simple answer. Nepotism is a common phenomenon in Vietnam. For an example, The Asia Commercial Bank (ACB) is following the style of nepotistic bank: Mr. Tran Hung Huy, son of the founder Mr. Tran Mong Hung, is the president; moreover, Mr. Hungs wife is also a member of the board of directors. There were many criticisms against nepotism in ACB, however, ACB still does business well despite of criticisms. There are many positive effects that nepotism may bring to organizations. Nepotism in familys company is likely to consider as a good thing. Hiring employees relatives allow firms to lower recruiting costs, candidates list can shorten, no need to spend much time and money. Nepotism helps to increase the level of loyalty and trust. In my opinion, nepotism is a type of defense of manager or leader. Having relatives as subordinates might help the leader increase their confidence and trust, there would be someone who will stand on the side of the leader in every debates, and there would be no threaten of being stabbed in their back. Moreover, working with a family member also gives you the opportunity to see your relative in a new light and to appreciate talents you may not have known he possessed.

On the other hand, nepotism also brings along negative effects. Nepotism provides opportunities for favouritism in hiring, promoting, salary and bonus, which may create jealousness among employees. Interpersonal issues at home may cause the difficulty in working together. Even more, difference in personal characteristics, inappropriate behaviors or discipline may arise some awkward moments such as shouting or thundering, which is quite difficult to deal with each other. Moreover, sometimes its hard to keep secret in a family, family members will be likely to share confidential information of the organization with other family member,

which they might not otherwise do. This can result in suspicion, mistrust or even resentment of employees. Moreover, one of the most challenging components of nepotism is how to deal with spouses in work place. Many companies discourage spouses from working in the same company, as they believe it increases the hazard for work place tension and inefficiencies, or even put the family relationship under stress. In conclusion, nepotism is not a big problem at all, it may bring many positive effects as well as negative effects to organizations; basically, it depends on how people deal with nepotism at workplace to work together.

Question 3: Human organ trade is the trade involving human inner organs for transplantation, and it is illegal in every countries. However, there were many people in the world who couldnt decline the profit of human organ trade might bring to their lives. On one hand, being an organ entrepreneur is unethical. Firstly, trading human inner organs is forbidden in almost countries in the world, entrepreneur may be imprisoned. Secondly, many organ entrepreneurs know how make more profits, they may push the price up to get more profit. For example, kidney is the most wanted organ, the price for a kidney transplant is estimated to cost between $70,000 and $100,000, which is really high that not all patients can afford to buy it. Organs usually flow from poor to rich countries (Human Organ Trafficking). Almost all donors are poor people who mainly come from India, Pakistan and Iraq (Shimazono, 2007), and India was a commonly known as organ-exporting country. These organ donors are often illiterate and jobless, and therefore they see no way in which they can provide for their
4

families. But the fact is that, the sellers do not usually receive the financial compensation they were promised by organ entrepreneurs. In Pakistan, 93% of sellers indicated that they had agreed to sell their kidneys for financial reasons, but after donation, 85% of these sellers reported that they were either still in debt or unable to get their objective (Human Organ Trafficking). And I believe this is extremely unfair with the donors, because they deserve for what they had sacrificed. As a result, these sales generally fail to lift the donors out of poverty, and can also have negative results due to lack of follow-up care and money, which may lead to sickness and in some case, even death. On the other hand, what the human organ entrepreneur is doing is right. In the US, there are more than 120,000 people are waiting for organ transplants, and average 18 people die each day from the lack of available organ for transplants (Shimazono, 2007). The gap between supply and demand for organ transplants is continually increasing day by day. This lack of legally available organs has given a way to black market organ trafficking. Patients and their families are willing to venture outside to look for the organs they need. It is estimated that 5-10% of kidney transplants performed annually around the world are resulted of human organ trafficking, or black market. And this is what an organ entrepreneur does, they help to match donors supplies and patients needs. In other words, theyre the intermediate, these organ entrepreneurs indirectly save lives, bring the hopefulness to many people who are suffering diseases and give patients more chances to enjoy the life. Moreover, if human organs are not used for transplantation, it can provide material for medical research. The scientists perform experiences on these organs, and bodies, in order to find cures and treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes. This can help to save more people in the future. Question 4:
5

Nowadays, crimes are more audacious, venturesome, and especially, they know how to use technology to offend against law. Theyre now more cold-blooded, they can kill people who dare stop them on the scene of crime, and we all remember the extremely serious case of Le Van Luyen in August, 2011. If I were a business man, I would develop Bodyguard Service, which may help companies or organizations reduce the risks of being stolen or robbed. I want to supply for companies and organization qualified guardians with experience working in many situations. My employees can be well-trained bodyguards with qualifications, or they can be ex-policemen with experiences fighting crimes, and they are selected only after complete police verification. My business offers a number of services to their clients including firearm training, alarm services, special event security and guard dog training. Clients can be companies, organization, or even some popular people. If they want my service, they should place an order before. My company will collect necessary information to offer clients suitable security guards, such as: clients business type (jewellers, bank, supermarket, etc), require virtues of my guardians from clients, crime rate in each area in HCM city, cost for startup plan, training cost for employees, check out the competition, etc. The most important information is to know about competitors in area, figure out their strengths and weaknesses, and try to improve my service in order to pass them in the market. I will use statistics of crime to estimate the probability a company or an organization being robbed, we will analyze those figures and provide clients advice about how to use my security guards in the most efficient way. Starting this business from the beginning is not easy, clients may not know about us yet. Some experience bodyguards already have relationships with clients, they can help us to get some first clients; we will launch a marketing plan, which mainly focus on internet and social network to introduce service to potential client. The service price depends on the level of security client desires. Once
6

client signs a full-year contract with my company, 25 percent of the contracts money will be used to pay salary to the guardians. Otherwise, daily security guard will get $20 per day, client pay salary to them directly.

Bibliography
Adams, J. (2006). The "Broken Window" Theory. Supply House Times , 26-27. Burg, H.-P. (2010, June). Risk Management: Procedures, Methods and Experiences. pp. 79-95. Human Organ Trafficking. United Nations Association of Greater Boston. James Q. Wilson, G. L. (1982). The police and neighborhood safety: Broken Windows. Prokosch, R. (2001). Nepotism: Is hiring your nephew good for your company? What are the hidden costs and benefits? What policies should public company follow? Shimazono, Y. (2007). Public Health Review: The state of the international organ trade: a provisional picture based on intergration of available information.