1

o| Hoc o Nng - Iruong o| hoc 8och Khoo

Khoo |n - Nhom Chuyn mn |n Cng Ngh|p
G|oo trnh MAY IN 1
8|n soon: 8u| In Lo|


Phn III MAY IN KHNG NG B



Chuong 12

AI C0ONG V MAY IN KHONG ONG 8O


12.1. KHAI NIM CHbNG
May in khng ng b la may in xoay chiu, lam vic theo nguyn ly
cam ng in t, co tc cua rotor n khac vi tc t trng quay trong may
n
1
. May in khng ng b co th lam vic hai ch : ng c va may phat.
May phat in khng ng b t dung v co c tnh lam vic khng tt, nn
trong chng ny ta chu yu la xet ng c khng ng b. ng c khng ng
b c s dung nhiu trong san xut va trong sinh hoat v ch tao n gian, gia
thanh re, tin cy cao, vn hanh n gian, hiu sut cao va gn nh khng bao
tr. Gn y do ky thut in t phat trin, nn ng c khng ng b a ap ng
c yu cu iu chnh tc v vy ng c cang s dung rng rai hn. Day
cng sut cua no rt rng t vai watt n hang ngan kilowatt. Hu ht la ng c
ba pha, co mt s ng c cng sut nho la mt pha.
12.2. Cb IAO MAY IN KHONG ONG 8O
Cu tao cua may in khng ng b c trnh bay trn hnh 7.1, gm hai b
phn chu yu la stator va rotor, ngoai ra con co vo may, np may va truc may.
Truc lam bng thep, trn o gn rotor, bi va pha cui truc co gn mt quat gio
lam mat may doc truc.

2
12.2.1. Stotor [phn tnh}
Stator gm hai b phn chnh la loi thep va dy qun, ngoai ra con co vo may
va np may.


















Hnh 13.1 Ccu Icc cuc ccng cc cien khcng ccng Lc
1. Lci Ihep :IcIc:2. Dcy ucn :IcIc: 7. Ncp mcy: : 4. C Li: 5. Iruc mcy: .Hcp ccu
cuc: 7. Lci Ihep rcIc: 8. Ihcn mcy: . CucI gic |cm mcI: 10. Hcp ucI
1
7
2
8
3
4
9
5
6
10






1. Lo| thep
Loi thep stator co dang hnh tru (hnh 13.2b), lam bng cac la thep ky thut
in, c dp ranh bn trong (hnh 13.2a) ri ghep lai vi nhau tao thanh cac ranh
theo hng truc. Loi thep c ep vao trong vo may.
2. Dy qun stotor
Dy qun stator thng c lam bng dy ng co boc cach in va t trong cac
ranh cua loi thep (xem lai chng 9). Dong in xoay chiu ba pha chay trong dy
qun ba pha stator se tao nn t trng quay (xem lai chng 12).

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3. Vo moy
Vo may gm co thn va np, thng lam bng gang (hnh 13.1).


Hnh 13.2 KeI ccu :IcIcr mcy cien khcng ccng Lc
c) La thep stator: L) Loi thep stator
i
A
i
A
(b)
(a)









12.2.2. kotor [phn quoy}
Rotor la phn quay gm loi thep, dy qun va truc may.

Hnh 13.3 Ccu Icc rcIcr ccng cc khcng ccng Lc.
c) Dcy ucn rcIcr |cng :cc c) Lci Ihep rcIcr c) Ky hieu ccng cc Iren :c cc
C
(d)
(a) (b)





1. Lo| thep
Loi thep rotor gm cac la thep ky thut in c ly t phn bn trong cua loi
thep stator ghep lai, mt ngoai dp ranh (hnh 13.2a) t dy qun, gia co
dp l lp truc.
2. Iruc
Truc cua may in khng ng b lam bng thep, trn o gn loi thep rto.

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3. Dy qun rotor
Dy qun rotor cua may in khng ng b co hai kiu : rotor ngn mach con
goi la rotor lng soc va rotor dy qun.
Rotor lng soc (hnh 13.3a) gm cac thanh ng hoc thanh nhm t trong
ranh va b ngn mach bi hai vanh ngn mach hai u. Vi ng c nho, dy
qun rotor c uc nguyn khi gm thanh dn, vanh ngn mach, canh tan nhit
va canh quat lam mat (hnh 3.3b). Cac ng c cng sut trn 100kW thanh dn
lam bng ng c t vao cac ranh rotor va gn cht vao vanh ngn mach.
Rotor dy qun (hnh 13.4) cung qun ging nh dy qun ba pha stator va co
cung s cc t nh dy qun stator. Dy qun kiu ny lun lun u sao (Y) va
co ba u ra u vao ba vanh trt, gn vao truc quay cua rotor va cach in vi
truc. Ba chi than c nh va lun ty trn vanh trt ny dn in vao mt bin
tr cung ni sao nm ngoai ng c khi ng hoc iu chnh tc .
















Dcy ucn :IcIc Dcy ucn rcIc Lci Ihep :IcIc Hcp Gic Vcnh IrucI
Lc mc
en ngucn
cung ccp
Hnh 13.4 Ccu Icc mcy cien khcng ccng Lc rcIc ccy ucn

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12.3. NGbYN LY LAM VIC MAY IN KHONG ONG 8O
Khi co dong in ba pha chay trong dy qun stato th trong khe h khng
kh xut hin t trng quay vi tc n
1
= 60f
1
/p (f
1
la tn s li in; p la s
i cc t cua may; n
1
la tc t trng quay bc mt) T trng ny quet qua
dy qun nhiu pha t ngn mach t trn loi st rto, lam cam ng trong dy qun
rto cac s E
2
. Do rto kn mach nn trong dy qun rto co dong in I
2
chay
qua. T thng do dong in ny sinh ra hp vi t thng cua stato tao thanh t
thng tng khe h. Dong in trong dy qun rto tac dung vi t thng khe h
sinh ra mmen. Tac dung o co quan h mt thit vi tc quay n cua rto.
Trong nhng pham vi tc khac nhau th ch lam vic cua may cung khac
nhau. Sau y ta se nghin cu tac dung cua chung trong ba pham vi tc .
H s trt s cua may :

1
1
1
1
n
n n
s

=
Nh vy khi n = n
1
th s = 0, con n = 0 th s = 1; khi n > n
1
, s < 0 va khi rto
quay ngc chiu t trng quay n < 0 th s > 1.
1. koto quoy cung ch|u tu truong quoy nhung co tc d n < n
1
[0 < s < 1}










Ga thit v chiu quay n
1
cua t trng khe h va cua rto n nh hnh 13.
5a. Theo qui tc ban tay phai, xac nh c chiu s E
2
va I
2
; theo qui tc ban
tay trai, xac nh c lc F va mmen M. Ta thy F cung chiu quay cua rto,
Hnh 13.5 Cuc Irinh Icc mcmenI cuc mcy cien khcng ccng Lc
B
N
F
t
n
1

B
F
t
S
n

(a)

B
N
F
t
n
1

B
F
t
S
n

(c)

B
N
F
t
n
1

B
F
t
S
n

(b)


6
ngha la in nng a ti stato, thng qua t trng a bin i thanh c nng trn
truc lam quay rto theo chiu t trng quay n
1
, nh vy may lam vic ch
ng c in.
2. koto quoy cung ch|u tu truong quoy nhung co tc d n > n
1
[s < 0}
Dung ng c s cp quay rto cua may in khng ng b vt tc
ng b n > n
1
. Luc o chiu cua t trng quay quet qua dy qun rto se ngc
lai, s va dong in trong dy qun rto cung i chiu nn chiu cua mmen M
cung ngc chiu cua n
1
, ngha la ngc chiu cua rto, nn o la mmen ham
(hnh 13.5b). Nh vy may a bin c nng tac dung ln truc ng c in, do
ng c s cp keo thanh in nng cung cp cho li in, ngha la may in lam
vic ch may phat in.
3. koto quoy nguoc ch|u tu truong quoy tuc tc d n < 0 [s > 1}
V nguyn nhn nao o ma rto cua may in quay ngc chiu t trng quay
(hnh 13. 5c), luc ny chiu s, dong in va mmen ging nh ch ng c
in. V mmen sinh ra ngc chiu quay vi rto nn co tac dung ham rto lai.
Trong trng hp ny, may va ly in nng li in vao, va ly c nng t
ng c s cp. Ch lam vic nh vy goi la ch ham in t.
12.4. FHN LOAI MAY IN KHONG ONG 8O
1. Fhn theo kt cu vo moy.
+ Kiu kn
+ Kiu bao v
+ kiu h
2. Fhn theo s pho.
Ta co may in khng ng b
+ Mt pha
+ Hai pha
+ Ba pha
3. Fhn theo k|u dy qun rto.
+ May in khng ng b rto lng soc.
+ May in khng ng b rto dy qun.

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12.5. CAC AI L0ONG |NH M0C MAY IN KHONG ONG 8O
Cung nh tt ca cac loai may in khac, may in khng ng b co cac tr s
nh mc c trng cho iu kin ky thut cua may. Cac tr s ny do nha may
thit k, ch tao qui nh va c ghi trn nhan may. V may in khng ng b
chu yu dung lam ng c in nn trn nhan may ghi cac tr s nh mc cua
ng c nh sau :
1. Cng sut d|nh muc F
dm
[kW,W}
2. |n op d|nh muc b
dm
[V}.
3. Dong d|n d|nh muc I
dm
[A}.
4. Ic d quoy d|nh muc n
dm
[vongJphut}.
5. H|u sut d|nh muc
dm
%.
. H s cng sut d|nh muc cos
dm
.
i vi ng c in khng ng b, cng sut nh mc la cng sut trn u
truc ng c. Con ng c ba pha, in ap va dong in ghi trn nhan may la in
ap va dong in dy tng ng vi cach u hnh sao (Y) hay u hnh tam giac
().
T cac tr s nh mc ghi trn nhan, ta co th tnh c:
Cng sut nh mc ma ng c tiu thu t li in :

m m m
m
m
m 1
cos I U . 3
P
P =

=
Mmen quay nh mc u truc :

m
m
m
m
m
n
) kW ( P
9550
) W ( P
M =

= N.m
vi 60 / n 2
m m
= (rad/s) la tc goc cua rto.