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Chapitre
7
Flexion Compose
p
N
V
C
e
G
C: Centre de pression
e: excentricit = M/N
2
Convention
Effort Axial:
Compression >0
Traction <0
Moment de fle
flexion
ion
Traction dans les fibres inferieures >0
Traction dans les fibres suprieures < 0
Caractre de la section
3 cas possibles:
Section entirement tendue (1)
Section partiellement comprime/tendue (2)
Section
S ti entirement
ti
t comprime
i (3)
+
+
(1)
(2)
(3)
+
+
N<0 : Traction
Sollicitations considrer
ELS
ELUR
N ser = N i
M ser
i
eser =
N ser
M ser = M j
j
N u = i Ni
Mu
i
eu =
Nu
M u = j M j
j
N>0 : Compression
S lli it ti
Sollicitations
considrer
id
Vrifications
V ifi ti
lELS
N ser = N i
M ser
i
eser =
N
M
=
M
ser
ser
j
N>0: Compression
p
Vrifications lEtat Limite Ultime de Rsistance (ELUR)
N u = i Ni
M u = N u (e1 + e 2 )
M
=
N
j
e1
+ ea
ea = max(2cm,
(2
l/250)
N>0: Compression
Et
Etatt Limite
Li it Ulti
Ultime d
de R
Rsistance
i t
(ELUR)
e2: excentricit du deuxime ordre lie la dformation de la
structure
2
lf
e1
3l f
Si max(15, 20 ) => e 2 = 4 (2 + )
h
h
10 h
M perm
M perm + M expl
Si
e
lf
> max(15, 20 1 ) Il faut vrifier la pice lEtat Limite Ultime de Stabilit de
8
h
h
Forme (ELUSF), en plus de lELUR
A1
A1s1
N
eA1
eA2
A2
A2s2
9
N = A1 s1 + A2 s2
N eA2
A1 =
(e A1 + e A 2 ) s1
N e A1
A =
2 ((e A + e A ) s2
1
2
h
h
e A1 = ( d 'e) ; e A 2 = (d + e)
2
2
fe
ELU N = N u ; s1 = s2 = f su =
s
ELS N = N ; = =
ser
s1
s2
s
f t28
A1 + A 2 A min = B
B: section de bton
fe
10
Exemple
p 1
5cm
A1
45
5cm
50cm
Donnes
A2
30
30cm
Exemple1:
p
Solution
eu = Mu/Nu= -0,1196 -0,12m => C entre les armatures et N < 0 =>
section entirement tendue
eser = Mser/Nser= -0,1196 -0,12m=> C entre les armatures et N < 0
=> section entirement tendue
ft28 = 2,1MPa=>
2 1MP >
s = 202MPa
fsu = 348MPa
eA1 = 25
25-5+12
5+12 = 32cm
eA2= 45-25-12=8cm
A1u = (0,46x0,08)/[(0,32+0.08)x348) =0,000264m2=2,64cm2
A2u = (0,46x0,32)/[(0,32+0.08)x348) =0,001057m2 = 10,57cm2
A1ser = (0,322x0,08)/[(0,32+0.08)x202) =0,000319m2=3,19cm2
A2ser = (0,322x0,32)/[(0,32+0.08)x202)
(0 322x0 32)/[(0 32+0 08)x202) =0
=0,001275m
001275m2 = 12,75cm
12 75cm2
Amin = 30x50x2,1/400 = 7,88cm2 => A1ser + A 2ser A min
A1=A1ser=> soit 3HA14 et A2=A2ser => soit 3HA25
12
Exemple
p 2
5cm
55cm
60cm
m
Donnes
Ng = -200kN ; Nq = -200kN
Mg = 20kN.m ; Mq = 20kN.m
fc28
25MPa FeE500
28 = 25MPa,
Fissuration peu prjudiciable
Exemple
p 2: Solution
Amin = 30x60x2,1/500
30x60x2 1/500 = 7
7,56cm
56cm2
Section Partiellement
Comprime/Tendue
ELS:
S
N<0 et C (centre de pression) est lextrieur des
armatures
N>0 et C est lextrieur du noyau central
ELU:
h/3
Noyau central
b/3
Asc
Fb
zb
d-d
eA
A s
A
16
N e A = Fb z b + A' sc (d d' )
N = Fb + A' sc As Fb + A' sc s (A + ) = 0
s
S' = A'
S' sc (d d
d' )
M A = Fb z b + S
S
A
=
+
Fb + S' sc Ss = 0
A' = S'
A
=
S
Exemple 3
6m
Ng = 85kN ; Nq = 75kN
Mg = 90kN.m ; Mq = 80kN.m
22cm
55cm
19
Exemple
p 3: Solution
Calcul lELU
Nu=1,35(85)+1,5(75)=227,25kN
,35(85) ,5( 5)
, 5 >0
0
Mu=1,35Mg +1,5Mq= 241,5kN.m
ea = max(2cm,l/250) = max(2cm, 600/250=2,4cm)=2,4cm
e1 = 241,5/227,25+e
241 5/227 25+ea = 1,087m
1 087m
lf = 0,7l0 = 4,2m
Lf/h = 4,2/0,55=7,64 < max(15,20e1/h)=15 => Calcul en flexion compose en
tenant compte de faon forfaitaire de risque de flambement
= 90/(90+80) = 0,529
e2 = 3x4,22x(2 + 0,529x2)/(104x0,55) = 0,029m
Nu = 227,25kN
227 25kN ; Mu = Nu (1,087
(1 087 + 0
0,029)
029) = 253
253,61kN.m
61kN
MuA = Mu + Nu (d-h/2) = 253,61 + 227,25 (0,5-0,55/2) = 304,74kN.m
fbu = 0,85(25/1,5) = 14,2MPa
ft28 = 0,6 + 0,06fc28 = 2,1MPa
fsu = 500/1,15 = 435MPa
u = 304,74x10-3/(0,22x0,52x14,2) = 0,390 < 0,493 => section partiellement
comprime
Exemple
p 3: Solution
MuA = M1 + M2
M1 = lu b d2 fbu = 0,305
0 305 0
0,22
22 0
0,5
52 14,2
14 2 = 0
0,2382
2382 MN
MN.m
m
M2 = MuA - M1 = 304,74 238,2 = 66,53kNm = 0,06653MN.m
Exemple
p 3: Solution
M2
0,06653
2
2
0
,
00034
m
3
,
4
cm
Su2 =
=
=
=
(d - d ' )s
(0,5
(0
5 - 0,05)
0 05)435
s
S = Su2
= 3,4cm 2
sc
'
u
M1
0 2382
0,2382
Su1 =
=
= 0,00135m 2 = 13,5cm 2
0,5(1 - 0.4x 0,4694)435
d(1 - 0.4 lu )s
=
16
,
9
x
10
=
11
,
7
cm
s
435
22
2
22cm
Exemple 3: Solution
55cm
6HA16
3HA14
23
G1= 35,5T
Exemple
p 4
Q1= 4T
G2= 12,5T
G2
12 5T
Q2= 3T
2
B
Coupe 2-2
1,2m
4,5m
Poteau 1
Coupe 1
1-1
1
A
Poteau 2
40cm
70cm
24
70cm
40cm
Exemple
p 4: Solution
Effort
Perm. Expl.
Perm
Expl Bras de levier
normal
(T)
(T)
(m)
Poteau 1 35,5
4
1,2
Poids
0,84
0
84
Poutre
Poids
2,9
Poteau 2
Poteau 2 12,5
12 5
51,74
Mperm
(T.m)
42,6
Mexpl
(T.m)
4,8
06
0,6
0 504
0,504
43,104
4,8
25
Exemple
p 4: Solution
Calcul lELU
Nu=1,35(51,74)+1,5(7)=80,349T
,35(5 , ) ,5( ) 80,3 9
Mu=1,35Mg +1,5Mq= 65,39T.m
ea = max(2cm,l/250) = max(2cm, 450/250)=2cm
e1 = 65,39/80,349+e
65 39/80 349+ea = 0,834m
0 834m
lf = 0,7l0 = 3,15m
Lf/h = 3,15/0,7=4,54 < max(15,20e1/h)=23,8 => Calcul en flexion compose
en tenant compte de faon forfaitaire de risque de flambement
= 43,105/(43,104+4,8) = 0,9
e2 = 3x3,152x(2 + 0,9x2)/(104x0,7) = 0,016m
Nu = 80,349T
80 349T ; Mu = Nu (0,834
(0 834 + 0
0,016)
016) = 68
68,3T.m
3T
MuA = Mu + Nu (d-h/2) = 68,3 + 80,349 (0,63-0,7/2) = 90,8T.m
fbu = 0,85(25/1,5) = 14,2MPa
ft28 = 0,6 + 0,06fc28 = 2,1MPa
fsu = 400/1,15 = 348MPa
26
Exemple
p 4: Solution
MuA = M1 + M2
M1 = lu b d2 fbu = 0
0,3
30
0,4
40
0,63
632 14,2
14 2 = 0
0,6763MN.m
6763MN m
M2 = MuA - M1 = 90,8 67,63 = 23,17Tm = 0,2317MN.m
Calcul autour du pivot B
27
Exemple
p 4: Solution
M2
0,2317
2
2
0
,
00115
m
11
,
5
cm
Su2 =
=
=
=
(d - d ' )s
(0,63
(0
63 - 0,05)
0 05)348
s
S = Su2
= 11,5cm 2
sc
'
u
M1
0 6763
0,6763
Su1 =
=
= 0,00378m 2 = 37,8cm 2
0,63(1 - 0.4x 0,459)348
d(1 - 0.4 lu )s
=
49
,
3
x
10
=
26
,
2
cm
s
348
28
40cm
Exemple 4: Solution
10HA20
70cm
5HA20
29
ELU:
ELU
N>0 et la hauteur du bton comprim y est >h
M uA
h
h
bu = 2 > BC = 0.8x
0 8 (1 0,4 ) = 0,493
bd f bu
d
d
30
Il est recommand
d d
dadopter
d
un fferraillage
ill
symtrique
i
(A1u=A
A2u) pour rduire
d i
le risque de flambement=> le plus souvent on ramne le calcul autour du
pivot B
31
A1
A1usu(2 )
eA1
Nu
h
eu
fbubh
eA2
A2
A2usu(2 )
32
'
Nu eA2 = A1u su(2) (d d ) + fbubh (eA2 eu )
N u e A 2 f bu bh(e A 2 eu )
A1u =
'
(d
d
) su ( 2 )
A = N u f bu bh A
1u
2u
su ( 2 )
h
h
rectangulaire: e A1 = ( d 'eu ) ; e A 2 = (eu + d )
2
2
33
35cm
4cm
35cm
34
Exemple
p 5: Solution
Calcul lELU
MuA = Mu + Nu (d
(d-h/2)
/ ) = 0,1463
0, 63 + 1,045
,0 5 (0,31-0,35/2)
(0,3 0,35/ ) = 0,
0,2874MN.m
8
fbu = 0,85(25/1,5) = 14,2MPa
ft28 = 0,6 + 0,06fc28 = 2,1MPa
fsu = 400/1,15
400/1 15 = 348MPa
bu = 0,2874/(0,35x0,312x14,2) = 0,602 > 0,493 => section entirement
comprime
=> Rduire la hauteur de bton comprime par ajout dacier
d acier comprim A
A de
faon avoir bu < 0,493
On prend A=2HA25=9,81cm2
MuA/A = A sc (d-d)
(d d) = 9
9,81x10
81 10-44x348x(0,31-0,04)=0,092MN.m
348 (0 31 0 04) 0 092MN ; avec sc =348
348
MPa => Hypothse vrifier
Mub/A = MuA- MuA/A =0,2874 0,092 = 0,1954MN.m
bu = 0,1954/(0,35x0,312x14,2) = 0,409 < 0,493 => Calcul autour du Pivot B
dune section partiellement comprime
= 1,25(1 - 1 2 bu ) = 0,717
0 717 => s = 3,5
3 5 (1 - )/ = 1,38
1 38 < e = 1,74
35
s = E s s = 200000x1,38x10-3 = 276MPa
Exemple
p 5: Solution
d' 4
3 - '
' = = = 0,129 sc = 3,5x10 x
= 2,87 x10 3
d 31
Vrification de lEquilibre:
l Equilibre:
Nu = Asc + fbu 0,8 d b - A sc
1,045 = 9,81x10-4x348 + 14,2x0,8x0,717x0,31x0,35 276xA
=> A = 6,52x10
6 52x10-4m2 = 6,52cm
6 52cm2 =>Soit 2HA25 (ferraillage symtrique)
36