Thc hnh m n n gin

Li gii thiu
Hy lm mt vit b nh, bnh thng vi u c phi thng; hn l lm mt
vic phi thng vi u c tm thng v nh b.
Trong x hi hin nay, c bit trong cc lnh vc vn ha, ngh thut, loi ngi
th hai chim s lng khng nh v ngy cng nhiu hn. Khi vo cc nh sch, tm
n khu vc sch v m nhc, chng ta d tm thy cc tuyn tp nhc nhng li kh
tm thy nhng ti liu dy hc v m nhc nghim tc. Nu c chng, thng ch l
nhng tuyn tp hn n, nhng ti liu dy nhc theo kiu m n lin nhng li
c in rt p v by bn trn lan. Chnh v vy, sau khi nhn c v c xong bn
tho cun sch m n Dnh Cho Gio Vin Mm Non ca tc gi Nguyn
Hng Thnh cng Ban bin tp (mt nhc s c nhiu nm kinh nghim khng
nhng trong lnh vc sng tc, phi kh m cn trong vic o to, hun luyn m
nhc cho gii tr) chng ti cm thy bt ng v thn phc tc gi dnh tm
huyt v s nghin cu ng k vit v mt ti tng chng n gin. Vi ni
dung ca ti liu ny, tc gi khng nhng gip cho vic dy m n c h
thng ha, phng php ha m cn nhm em li cho ngi hc m n s hiu bit
rng nhng cn bn v nhc c. l mt n lc ln gp phn khng nh vo vic to
nn nhng ngh s m n tng lai ch khng phi l nhng ngi th chi
n. Ngoi ra, vic chuyn mn ha cc gio vin mm non ht sc l cn thit v
cn c xem xt mt cch nghim tc nh tc gi Hng Thnh lm. V c nh
vy mi em li cho nn gio dc m nhc nhng vin gch nn tng chc chn.
Chng ti trn trng gii thiu n Qu c gi, cc nh chuyn mn v gio dc
m nhc cun sch b ch ny v hy vng s em li nhiu kt qu thc t, gi tr.
Tp. HCM, ngy 21 thng 06 nm 2009.
Th.S Nguyn Bch
(Ging vin Nhc vin Tp. HCM
Hi vin Hi Nhc S Vit Nam
Hi Vin Hi m Nhc Tp. HCM)

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Li m u
Trong qu trnh ging dy nhiu nm b mn organ (electric keyboard) v c
bit cc lp tp hun s dng n, chng ti nhn thy a s cc gio vin thun ty
ch s dng nhc c ny nh l mt nhc c c tu (n iu ch s dng tay tri bm
hp m, tay phi n giai iu) trong lc nhu cu s dng cy n ny vo thc t rt
phong ph v a dng:
- S dng m ca khc (tay tri n hp m ,tay phi to cu hoa m). y l
cng vic rt cn thit cho sinh hat ca ht ca la tui mm non, nng cao
c tnh thm m trong hc tp cng nh trong phong tro vn ngh ca
trng, lp hc
- S dng n vi nhng chc nng cng ngh mi (Tone with wave, phm sng,
SD card, kt ni USB ). Cc phng tin gip ch cho s t rn luyn, hc
c tu, hc ht, hc m n
V vy ban bin tp chng ti bc u bin son cun sch m n n gin
dnh cho Gio vin mm non. Chng ti c gng s dng nhng thut ng d hiu,
bnh dn v ph hp vi nhu cu m nhc cho mm non, trong qu trnh thc hin
chng ti lun mong mun s gp chn thnh v b ch ca qu ng nghip, ca
qu thy c mm non.
Ban bin tp

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Hiu th no l m n cho mt ca khc?1

+ Chng ta c th v m n nh mt chic o khoc 2, trang tr cho ca khc, thp
tng 3 cho ca khc, lm ni bt cho ca khc .
+ Khi thc hin m n coi nh chng ta lm mt cng vic ca ngi ha m 4
(t hp m), ngi phi kh 5 (s dng nhc c hp l ), ngi sng tc 6 (lm
cu do u, cu ni).
+ Phn bit vi c tu mt ca khc : tay phi ta thc hin bm hp m 7, v vi
n m t ng ca n organ, ta xem nh l c mt ban nhc 8 y , phn
tay tri ta n giai iu c xem nh l li ht ca 1 ca s hay c tu ca mt
nhc c ring l.
+ Nhng khi ht mt ca khc mm non ta s dng phn m tay tri v tay phi ta
to nhng cu ni, to b,ph ha tit tu, chc chn l khng th n giai iu
theo li ht v s n iu v d gp s c nu ta n sai nt m khi ht th
ng (lc y rt kh nghe, i khi lm cho ngi truyn t mt bnh tnh).
+ V tt nhin vi s c gng ca chng ta s lm phn m n tr thnh mt b
phn khng th thiu c, tng phn ngh thut cho ca khc.

V nhng bc chun b cho phn m n :

+ Hc thuc lng cc th bm ca hp m th nn (v cc th o cng tt). S
khng kh v vi phm vi n gin cun tp ny ch s dng t hai n ba
du ha.
+ Thng xuyn n tp cc kin thc nhc l c bn, nng cao 9.
+ Nn trau di v luyn tp k thut ngn10, chy gam11 chng ta thc hin phn
ni cu lu lat hn.
+ Luyn tp nhiu, nghe nhiu v hnh dung nhng m sc phong ph ca cc loi
nhc c.
+ S dng nhc c hp l, r tin, c chc nng ph hp vi mc ch m n,
(n phm sng, b nh, th SD card gip luyn tp tin ch v mau chng hn)12.

Chng ti s s dng t CA KHC trong tp ny thay cho cc t : tiu phm, bi ht,

Thut ng m n ca ting c (Bekleidung: mc o ).
3
Thut ng m n ca ting , Anh, Php (Accompagnement: i theo, thp tng).
4
Arranger, Hamonic.
5
Instrumentation.
6
Composer
7
Chc nng FINGERED, khi s dng phn ny th n organ s t ng m theo nhp iu mnh chn.
8
Ty theo iu (RHYTHM) m ta c nhng ban nhc nh ( Jazz small band), cc nhm estrade: pop,
rock, bigband
9
Chng ta c th kt hp va thc hnh va din gii l thuyt, c li cho s tin b sau ny.
10
K thut lun ngn, vn ngn (finger action), tch ri, ny ngn (staccato), ni ngn, lin ngn
(legato), sc thi (dynamics and weight )
11
Scale, ri hp m (arpeggio).
12
Hin trn th trng c cc loi n ph hp nh: LK 55VN, LK200s, WK-500, CTK-5000
2

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Thc hnh m n n gin

t hp m cho mt ca khc.
1. Xc nh b kha:
Thng thng cc ca khc ph thng u c son iu thc trng - th 13,
nn u tin chng ta cn xc nh b kha c nhng du ha no? V iu xc nh
vi ha b trong tp ny nh sau:
+ B kha khng du: Ca khc ging C ( trng ) hoc Am (la th ).
+ B kha mt du thng (fa #): Ca khc ging G (sol trng) hoc Em (mi th).
+ B kha 2 du thng (fa#,#): D (r trng) hoc Bm (si th).
+ B kha 3 du thng (fa#, #, sol#): A (la trng) hoc F#m (fa thng th ).
+ B kha 1 du ging (si b): F (fa trng ) hoc Dm (r th)
+ B kha 2 du ging (si b, mi b): Bb (si ging trng ) hoc Gm (sol th)
Cc cp trng - th 14 c xc nh cn gi l hp m song song 15.
Nh vy vi b kha ta c th bit 2 hp m ch l 1 trng hoc 1 th.

C hoc Am

G hoc Em

D hoc Bm

A hoc F#m

F hoc Dm

Bb hoc Gm

13

m nhc ch iu (Homophone), phn bit khc vi m nhc phn iu( Heterophone) v phc
iu (Polyphone).
14
Cc bn nn tm hiu su hn v hiu bit y cc ha b trong cc sch Nhc l c bn. (Th t
cc ha b: Du thng - Fa, , sol, r, la, mi, si. Du ging - Si, mi, la, r, sol, , fa.)
15
Related key: ging song song , thang m tng ng.

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2. Xc nh nt cui ca ca khc: (hoc nt cui mi on nhc)

+ Khi ta bit ging trng, th ca 1 ca khc ri ta ch cn xc nh nt cui ca ca
khc (hoc nt cui ca 1 on nhc) ta s bit ch m ca ca khc ny .
+ i khi vn c nhng trng hp nt cui khng nm trong b hp m song song
(trng hp mang thang m dn ca, cc thang m c trng ca cc dn tc khc nhau).
+ Vi trng hp ny th ta nn xc nh mt s nt u nhp tm ch m ca bi.

3. Hp m ba chnh v nn tng I-IV-V

+ Chng ta nghin cu s dng hp m ch C hoc Am cho n gin (sau chng
ta c th suy ra t cng thc ny).
+ Vi ch m l trng (C ) chng ta c th t cc bc sau 16:
C Dm Em F G Am Bdim
I - II - III - IV V VI - VII
+ Nn tng hp m ba chnh ( I-IV-V ) l: C F G vi cc hp m ny ta c th
p dng cn bn t hp m cho mt ca khc th trng.
+ Vn l chng ta thc hin theo cch :
-

Quan st nt nhc mi u nhp v nt nhc ny phi c trong hp m .

Hoc trong nhp c nhiu nt cha trong hp m (trong trng hp cc
nt hoa m u nhp)
- V hp m s c t u nhp.17
Xem v th lng nghe vi v d :

16

y chng ta chp nhn cc bc theo iu thc trng t nhin, cc bn c th xem li l thuyt

Qung v ha m. Hoc Gio vin s din gii ti lp hc.
17
S dng cho cc lai nhp n ( 2/4; 3/4; 3/8), ngai tr ta s dng nhp kp (4/4; 6/8..) th c th
t hp m phch mnh th 2 trong nhp. Cng c mt s san gi quc t gi nhp 4/4 l nhp n

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Bi tp t hp m: (gii hn bc I,IV,V )18

18

Chng ta nn dng hp m V7 thay v bc V th s nghe y n hn, hay hn, c kch tnh v

hng gii quyt . V y chng ta s dng hn ch kt ni t bc V v IV, ta ch dng tm thi
lm quen vi cc m chnh .

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Chng ta cng nn son v thc hnh nhiu b kha khc nhau:

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Nghin cu cc bi son sau v tp t hp m n gin bc I-IV-V( hoc V7).

+ Tr li vi nn tng I-IV-V th Th, hp m song song vi C l Am ta thy :

Am Bdim - C - Dm Em F G .
I - II - III - IV - V - VI - VII
+ Thng thng cc ca khc ph thng , ni n iu thc th ngha l th ha m,
nt sol bc nm tng na cung. Ta cng p dng nn tng iu thc th
Am - Dm - E (hoc E7) .19
19

Cc ca khc mm non ging th thng c t bi, nn chng ta c th tham kho thm ti liu .

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4. S dng Hp m ba ph :
+ Sau khi chng ta thc hnh thnh tho cc hp m ba chnh, ta c th s dng hp
m ba ph, gi l ph nhng cc hp m ny b sung lm phong ph kt
nilm cho ca khc thm cun ht, hp dn hn.
+ Nhn li cc bc ca ging C 20 ngai F, G th cc hp m cn li l hp m ba
ph. (Am, Dm, Em, Bdim)
+ Tng t vi ging Am21 ngoi Dm, E hp m ba ph s l C, F, G, Bdim.
+ Ring hp m Bdim l mt hp m nghch nn t c dng, nn ta ch ch trng
cc hp m kia.
+ Nh vy khi kt ni hp m ta c gng son cho chun cc hp m ba chnh, sau
mi vn dng cc hp m ba ph.
+ C nhiu gii php s dng gii kt 22 nhng cc bn nn ch trng kt bc V7 v I.
Bi tp son hp m : - Vn dng cc hp m ba chnh v ph:

20

Thut ng trong nhc vin thng dng l ging C-dur (ting c ), hoc Do Major (ting Anh).
Ging a-moll (ting c). La minor (ting Anh ).
22
Cadenza: Cng thc kt thc mt an nhc hoc mt cu nhc gm giai kt chnh qui (perfect
cadence), giai kt na (half- cadence) tm hiu thm cc sch ha m. Hoc Gio vin din gii
trong lp.
21

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Xem th mt s ca khc c son hp m, chng ta c th thm, bt, hoc

thay hp m khc trong nn tng hc, min l nghe hay, ng m gip ta t
tin hn, v cho ta thy nhiu cch thc, nhiu vn phong ph hn.

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C mt s ca khc (mang m hng Dn ca, cht liu dn ca) do t trng ca

thang m tng vng, min, nn khi t hp m ,chng ta s dng nhng hp m
vay mn 23, hoc nhng hp m phc tp hn (hp m by, chn ,mi
mtcc hp m nghch..).
V y l mt s ca khc tham kho thm:

23

Th d nh hp m Trng Th Lin hp: ngoi Am Dm E7 (I IV V7 ) v C F G ( h.m

ba ph) ca ging a-moll, th cc hp m lin hp l A D E v F#m Bm C#m.

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Ph ha nn nhc bng tay phi.

+ y l cng vic lm y thm, ph ha cho phn m t ng ca tay tri.
+ Cng vic ny cn luyn tp tinh t hiu qu hn,ph hp vi cng thc m
ca n, trnh phn tc dng hoc lm ri thm.
+ Ty theo tnh cht, pht m di ngn ca nhc c m chng ta c nhng th
php lm nn khc nhau.
+ Cc nhm pht m c m ngn lu nh: Strings, Organ, Choirth thng dng
nhng hnh thc rp du, c ngha l cc hp m ny c ct ln cng mt lc.
+ Cc nhm pht m c m ngn, khng ngn lu nh: Piano, Marimba
th thng dng nhng hnh thc tri du, c ngha l cc hp m ny c ct ln
th t t du ny n du kia, t di ln trn v ngc li.
+ Cc nhm pht m c m va c th ngn lu, va c th ngn nh: violin, trumpet,
guitar ty theo k thut s dng m dng nhng ha thanh rp du hoc tri du.

1. Luyn tp cc hp m rp du:
+ Chng ta c gng thc tp v ch cc hp m phi c mc ni lin bc
(cng vic ny i hi chng ta phi quen vi cc th o ca hp m).
+ Sau y l vi v d da trn hp m trng v mu lin kt (cc bn nn tp
nhng bi ny):

+ Khi thc hin cc bi m hp m rp du, chng ta c th linh hat b bt nt trong

hp m no , lc y ta v tnh to ra nhng ha thanh, hoc cc b ph nghe th v hn.
+ lm quen vi nhng mc ni lin bc, v nhng hp m o, chng ta hy
thc tp nhng bi tp 24 vi tay phi sau:
1/ G - C - D7 G.
2/ G Bm Em C Am D7 G.
3/ Am Dm G C F Dm E7 Am.
4/ F Dm Bb C7 F.
5/ Dm F C Dm.
6/ D A Bm F#m G D G A .
24

Cc hp m c mc ni trong bi tp ny thng l nhng mu thng dng chng ta san cu

do hoc gian tu sau ny, nn cc bn cn luyn tp nhiu cng tt.

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Cc bi tp sau buc chng ta nn thc tp va n hp m tay phi va ha

m rp du tay tri, c th ht theo hoc nh ngi khc ht cho phn thc tp
linh hat v hng th hn.

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2/ Luyn tp cc ha thanh tri du :

+ Ty theo cc lai nhp, tnh cht ca nhp m ta c nhiu cch tri du khc nhau.
+ Cc cch tri du trong cng mt loi nhp th cng v vn kiu mu.
+ Nhng trong m n chng ta nn c s ng nht trong thay i kiu tri
du,(thay i kiu m khi an nhc thay i, hoc nhc thay i) trnh tnh trng ri
trong lc m.
+ Sau y l vi v d, vi mu tri du cc nhp 3/4 , 2/4, 6/8 (th hin C )

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+ By gi chng ta c th p dng cc bi tp m bng cch tri du v phi hp:

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+ Ngoi ra chng ta cng p dng cc mu m tit tu, tng ng vi phn m

t ng v ph hp vi iu nhc , ch phi dng m sc ng vi tng trng hp.

+ Cc loi hnh tit tu trn tng ng vi s ch nhp v cc iu nhc ph thng nh:

2/4 : disco, country, march, polka, technov cc iu nhp 4/4.
3/4 : waltz, vien waltz.
4/4 : pop, rumba, disco, rock, swing... v cc iu nhp 2/4.
6/8 : slow, slowrock,
+ Hoc da vo nhm tc :
-

Tit tu nhanh: Disco, Rock, Techno, Cha cha cha, Samba

Tit tu va: pop, swing medium, rumba, Reggae
Tit tu chm Slow, Slowwaltz, 16 beatballade
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Thc hnh m n n gin

Thc hnh ni cu
+ Trong mt ca khc chng ta nhn thy cui mt on nhc, mt cu nhc
thng c nhng du ngn di, hoc du ngh, lc chng ta s thc hin mt chui
cc du nhc gi l ni cu.
+ Mc ch ca on nhc ni cu to thm phn hoa m, lm y, lp kn khong
trng ca du nhc ko di. ng thi ni lin cu vi cu nhc sau.
+ Ni cu cng gip ngi ht nh lng d dng s nhp phi ngn (hoc ngh)
mt cch t nhin. V hng dn ngi ht bt u vo cu nhc sau thoi mi, chnh xc.
+ Nhng cu ni ny i khi tr thnh b phn ngh thut khng th thiu trong
ca khc .
+ C nhiu cch ni cu, thng thng chng ta dng cc cch sau :

Dng cc du nhc chuyn hnh lin bc:

+ Trch on Ngy u tin i hc.

Chng ta cn lu nt nhc u nhp nn nm trong cc nt cha trong hp

m 25, v d nh hp m G u nhp th nt ni cu c th bt u l nt
sol,hoc si, hoc r.

V nt cui cu cng nm trong hp m ca cu k tip. Chng ta cng linh hot

s dng cc hnh nt thay i lm phong ph cho cu ni:

25

y l cch thc tp lm quen cch ni cu, vn c rt nhiu trng hp khng theo nguyn tc
ny l nhng trng hp dng cc th php hoa m ( nt vo trc, nt ngai hp m, nt nhn)

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+ Trch on Tri t ny ca chng mnh:

Thc hin vic tri du ni cu:

-

Trch on:

+ Chng ta cng kt hp nhiu cch cho phong ph, nhng phi m bo tnh ng
nht, khng lm ri tinh thn ca ca khc.

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Din li cu nhc 26, phng din 27, lm cu ni :

- Trch on Em yu trng em :

Hoc :

+ Chng ta c gng luyn tp v la chn nhiu cu khc nhau, to thi quen v

phn x tt cho cc bi tp sau ny.
+ Xt v phng din sng tc, chng ta c gng dng nhiu cch, nhiu bnh din
khc nhau nhng phi c tnh ng nht v nhc, nhp iu v dng ca.
+ V quan trng khng km l chng ta phi s l ng nhc c
m vc nhc c 30 ni cu.
26

28

, m sc

Ni cu theo kiu ny th hin c s ng nht ca ca khc, n gin nhng hiu qu.

Th hin s i p gia ging ca v mu sc nhc c.
27
Variation: pht trin nhiu cch t mt nhc .

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Thc tp cc bi tp ni cu:

28

Instrument
Timbre (music and phonetics), thut ng trn n: Tone hoc Voice.
30
Register . Chng ti s s lc ngn gn cc lai nhc c v tnh nng cc trang sau.
29

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+ y l mt s bi mu minh ha cho phn thc hnh ni cu, m hp m rp

du, tri du, m tit tu
+ Chng ta trn iu, sau luyn tp theo dng 2 (tay tri bm hp m, tay phi
n theo tit tu v ni cu theo bi son).31

31

Chng ta lun ch la chn nhc c ph hp vi vic rp du hoc tri du

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S lc tnh nng nhc c thng dng: 32

* H dy - ko v ( strings - archi): Gm c cc lai nh : Violin, Viola, Cello, Contrabass.
+ VIOLIN: - m vc cao nghe ro rc, ai on, sc bn..33
- m vc gia nghe m du, du dng, ngt ngo...
- m vc thp nghe th thm, trm bun..
- Thch hp cho vic c tu.

+ VIOLA: - m thanh nghe bun, c phn mc mc, trm ngm

- nhng nt cao nghe rt chn chng
+ CELLO ( hoc violoncell) :
- m thanh nghe lng su, m m
- nhng nt gia nghe quyn r v ngt ngo
+ CONTRABASS : - Th mnh ca n ny l
ting trm, nghe y n. Thch hp cho cng vic
lm nn ( i b trm ).

32
33

Chng ti c gng dng thut ng m t cm gic, cn ty thuc vo cm nhn ca tng ngi .

Chng ti tm chia 3 khu vc c tnh cch tng i trn n organ-keybroard.

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+ Thut ng STRINGS trn n organ l gm nhiu n dy ct ln cng lc(v d

nh s kt hp ca nhiu violin, cello, viola ),do nhiu k thut s dng n m ta c
nhng ting nh : PIZZICATO (bt dy), TREMOLO (rung dy).
+ SYNTH 34 STRINGS : l nhc c c to ra bi cng ngh in t cho ra
nhng m thanh tng hp m phng dn dy nghe phong ph v a dng.

* H ng ( BRASS ) : - Gm cc lai nh: Trombone, Trumpet, Horn, tuba..

+ TRUMPET : - m vc cao nghe cht cha, i khi nghe vang rn, thi thc
- m vc gia nghe oai hng ( khi thi mnh ), ngt ngo, thu ht
(khi thi nh), t s dng m vc thp (c th s dng din t s
khi hi, phng tng).
+ TROMBONE: - Thng dng m vc gia v thp.
- m vc gia nghe vang di,
huy hong (khi thi mnh),
nghe y n, m m (khi
thi nh).
- m vc thp nghe u ti,
thng thit (khi thi nh),
nghe d tn, da nt (khi
thi mnh).

+ HORN :
- m vc gia nghe y n, trn trnh,
i khi ngt ngo, lng mn
- thc hin nt ngn di nghe mu nhim,
hin ha nt ngn nghe nh ting kn
sn ku gi...
- Thi mnh v nhanh to cm gic lo s,
gin d thi nh li to s bun phin,
no n, than khc..

34

Nhc c tng hp SYNTHESIZER.

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+ TUBA : - Nghe y n m trm,

va khoan thai va m m do tnh cht
pht m chm so vi lai kn khc.

+ BRASS: Ting pht m cng lc ca nhiu lai kn. Ty theo k thut v phi hp
cc lai kn m c nhng ting nh BRASS SECTION, BRASS ENSEMBLE Trn
n organ cn c SYNTH BRASS (brass in t nh m t trn ).

* B g ( Legni Woodwind )35: Gm cc lai FLUTE, OBOE, PICCOLO,

HORN, CLARINET, FAGOTTO 36

+ FLUTE : - y l nhc c so c m vc rng, a dng , s l cc on nhc

nhanh rt tt, luyn ly thch hp vi dn ca .
- m vc cao nghe ro rc , r rng thu sut , trong tro
- m vc gia nghe m i , du dng
- m vc thp nghe mu nhim , tn nghim ..

35

Cn c vo vt liu ch to cc nhc c ny bng g, nhng thc t hin nay cng dng cc cht liu
khc m vn t hiu qu v cht lng m thanh.
36
Cn c gi l BASSOON.

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Thc hnh m n n gin

+ OBOE :

m vc t thp n cao cho mt mu sc m m , l lt thch hp vi

nhng on nhc gi cm , uyn chuyn, tha tht.
i khi din t s thm thit, bng khung

+ PICCOLO : - m vc cao nghe chi tai

- m vc gia nghe rc r, ni bt
(khi thi mnh).
- m vc thp nghe u oi
- Thch hp vi nhng qung nhc
nhanh v l lt.

+ FAGOTTO : Th
mnh ca nhc c
ny m vc thp,
nghe y n, kiu
hng. i lc din t
s bi ai, bun su
+ CLARINET : - m vc cao nghe mnh m nhng th thin, thch hp vi s din
t s cht cha, tht go, hong s
- m vc gia nghe m m, du dng, ngy th, say m
- m vc thp nghe bun phin, bi thm, kinh s (thi mnh),
tn nghim (thi nh).

+ ENGLISH HORN :
- m thanh c c tnh nh oboe,
nhng pht huy nhng m trm
- Din t s nng n , bun chn

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Thc hnh m n n gin

* H GUITAR: T guitar thng thng (cn gi Ty ban cm )37, nhc c ny pht

trin theo cc tro lu m nhc v c s dng phong ph theo tng tnh nng ca n:

+ Ty theo tnh nng, vai tr trong Dn nhc nn h

guitar c s dng a dng .

+ BASS GUITAR: Ci tn cng cho ta thy n ny hot

ng m vc thp, m thanh nghe y n, thng mang
nhim v gi nn , i khi c din mt on ngn nghe
rt th v.

+ Cc loi guitar vi cht liu

khc nhau v thit b ph tr m
thanh khc nhau 38: STEEL
GUITAR (dy kim lai). NYLON GUITAR (dy nha).
JAZZ GUITAR, CLEAN GUITAR, MUTE GUITAR (s
dng b khuch i m thanh39, DISTORTION,
OVERDRIVE, FEEDBACK (s dng vi thit b ngoi).
Cc m vc u nghe phong ph, din t c mi trng
thi tnh cm: Vui, bun, phn khi, ut c, thanh thn,
thc dc, vi v, khoan thai

37

t tn theo xut x ca n Ty ban nha.

EFFECT
39
Amplifier , Power amplifier.
38

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Thc hnh m n n gin

* H SAXOPHONE: Gm cc loi nh: Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone,

+ m thanh Saxophone nghe gn ging ting ngi hn cc loi kn khc.
+ Ting kn ct ln nghe yu iu , quyn r
+ m vc t trng v th mnh din t ph hp vi tn gi ca cc loi kn ny,40

Tenor

Baritone

Soprano

40

Alto

Tn gi Soprano tng ng vi ging cao ( khi s dng organ - keyboard th ch cc m vc ny

th nghe rt p.). Th t ging cao n thp: SOPRANO ALTO TENOR BARITONE.

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Thc hnh m n n gin

* Nhc c n phm v cc nhc c khc:

Grand Piano.

Piano upright.

Melodion.

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Accordeon

Mandoline

* Cc nhc c G ( DRUM PERCUSION ) :

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Hamonica

Harp

Thc hnh m n n gin

Timpani

Xilophone.

* Nhc do u

41

+ Hu ht, khi thc hin m n cho ca khc, chng ta thng bt u bng mt

cu nhc, mt on nhc, gi l on nhc m u, hoc khc nhc do u.
+ Nhc do u c ngha gip ngi ht ly c ging, cung nhc mt cch
d dng, ng thi xc nh c tc nhanh chm, nhp iu ca ca khc.
+ Nhc m u c th l vi nt nhc, c khi l mt ha thanh ct ln, v c khi l
mt on nhc xc tch ngn gn, cho ta thy cng vic lm nn khc do u rt quan
trng, phong ph v c th lm cho an nhc tr thnh yu t ngh thut ca ca
khc, p ng mc ch va gip ngi ht d dng, va l thnh phn ngh thut ca
ca khc.
+ i vi m nhc mm non, khc do u rt quan trng v tnh xc thc v s gn
gi vi cht liu dn ca m cc an nhc do trong n organ khng th c c,
hoc khng ph hp.
+ C nhiu cch thc hin khc nhc do u: da vo phin khc, da vo ip khc,
da vo cc nhm ha thanh mu, da vo cc nhc, da vo ha thanh ca ca khc,
thc hin s tng phn v sau y l vi cch p dng thc hin khc nhc do u:
41

Introduction

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Da vo Phin khc:
- Thc hin ngay cu nhc u tin nhng c bin ci i cht bng du hoa m 42.

42

S vn dng cc nt ni lin mt qung nhc to s m m, trong sng, nh

nhng, thanh thot (nh du vung). V cc nt ln ln, ln xung (nt
thu) cho cm gic duyn dng, o l. Gip cho phn bin ci cu do thm a
dng, phong ph. (nh du trn).

Xem li l thuyt v cc nt nhc hoa m ( ornament).

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Da vo ip khc:
- Cng vic son khc do u cng vn dng cc nt hoa m , v thc hin phng
din, tuy nhin vi cc ca khc dnh cho la tui mm non thng l mt on n
nn ta c th da vo vi cu cui to khc do:

- Hnh thc san nhc do nh trn l mt cch va thay i tit tu, va dng du
ln. (cu nhc bt u t : by chimti trng).
- Hnh thc da vo nh trn l kiu ph bin nht , v sn phm to ra c tnh
ng nht vi ca khc, d vo nhp v ging cho ngi ht.
- Vi cch bin ci cu nhc 43 to tin cho ta ngu hng44 v bay bng sau ny.
Da vo cc mu m (s kt ni cc hp m c sn).
+ Vi cch san ny i hi chng ta ngu hng v yu t phn do hay l k
thut ngn iu luyn kt hp vi t duy ng nht vi ca khc.
+ S kt hp cc mu m ngha l kt ni cc bc trong m ch ca ca khc.
+ V l ngu hng nn c v vn cch bin tu: nhanh, chm, khoan thai, vi v
l do cch bin ha tit tu v s dng m sc nhc c.
+ Sau y l mt s mu m thng dng c minh ha theo Bc (km theo v d
th C v Am ).
1/ I - IV - V7 I . ( C F G7 C ) . ( Am Dm E7 Am ) .
2/ I III IV V7 . ( C - Em F G7 ) . ( Am C Dm E7 ) .
3/ I II IV V7 . ( C Dm F G7 ) .
4/ I VI IV V7. ( C Am F G7 ) . ( Am F Dm G7 ).
5/ I V VI III IV I IV V I . ( C G Am Em F C F G Am).
6/ I IV VII III VI IV V7 . ( Am Dm G C F Dm E7 Am).

43
44

Bin tu :Variation .
Improvised. V to c Khc ty hng : Fantasia.

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Thc hnh m n n gin

+ Cn ch cc hp m mu phi gn vi ha thanh ca ca khc, khi ng tu ta

c th lt qua vi cu nhc ca ca khc gip ngi ht d vo giai iu hn.
+ Sau y l vi an do u cho bi Ngy u tin i hc, ging C vi cc mu m
khc nhau:
1/ mu C- Am F G7 : ta c th do quay li ln 2 vi cu bin tu khc.

2/ Mu C Em F G7 .

3/ Vi ging khc ( b kha 1#, 2# , 1b , 2b. ) ta cng da vo cc bc mu

nh trn ( ch cn dch cung tng hp m , cng vic ny nn lm nhiu
chng ta quen dn v phn x tt khi s l m n ).

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Thc hnh m n n gin

45

4/ c bit cc nt nhc bin tu trong ca khc dn ca , chng ta cn ch n

thang m 46 c trng ca tng vng, min. Khi cu do s gn gi v ng vi
cht liu 47 vi ca khc .

V nhiu cch thc hin khc do u:48

+ C th ch trnh by cng thc m (cho cc iu nhc t trng nh: slow,
boston, tango, bolero.) n gin vi nhc c piano, hoc guitar
+ S dng nhng ha thanh c bit trong ca khc.
+ Hoc trin khai mt nhc c bit no trong ca khc.
+ Trnh by ha m tng phn ( t trng sang th v ngc li ).
+ Ch trnh by nhp iu c bit ca ca khc
- on do u c th thc hin di hay ngn ty vo chng ta, min l ti c
mc ch dn ng cho ngi ht, c th gn gng xc tch, c th di hn
nhng l y cht ngh thut b sung cho ca khc.
- Cc vn trn vn thng xut hin v th hin do nhiu Nhc s ti nng,
nhiu Nhc cng ti nng. Chng ta nn thng xuyn nghe nhc v tm hiu
thm nhng an do ca nhiu th loi ca khc. V t la chn cho mnh
nhng cu nhc ph hp vi tinh thn phc v tr th.

* on gian tu (do gia).

+ Thng th cc an nhc do c th hin sau khi kt thc mt ca khc v
chng ta mun quay li ht ca khc thm ln na.
+ Tinh thn ca on nhc ny thng vn dng cc th php nh son cu do u,
nhng c th bin tu i cht, hoc kt hp nhiu cch trong mt ca khc.
+ V d nh ta c th gian tu phn phin khc khi vo li s ht phn ip khc,
hoc ngc li.
+ C khi phn gian tu ch thc hin trn mt ha thanh duy nht, hoc hai ha
thanh, khi y phn k thut ngn ta cn phi tht s iu luyn, v khc bin tu tht s
bay bng.
45

Folk song.
Scale.
47
Cht liu dn ca Vit Nam (Bc b , nam b, Min trung ..) thng dng thang m Ng cung
(pentatonic).
48
Cc phn ny c tnh cch gi , chng ta c th thc hnh khi lm khc do.
46

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Thc hnh m n n gin

* on kt thc.
+ L mt on nhc ngn c th l nhc li d m ca nhc.
+ Ty theo s tng tng ca chng ta cho cu nhc bng ln trc khi kt
thc, hoc kt nh dn.49 hoc thay i nhp 50 kt chm dn .
Cc bi tp thc hin cu do u:

49
50

Fade out.
Tempo.

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Thay li kt
tng kt thc hin cc phn m n cho mt ca khc chng ta hy thc hnh theo
cc trnh t nh b cc ca tp sch ny, v lun nh rng THC HNH l vn
cn thit nht gip cho ta han thnh nghip v ca mnh . V phn quan trng khng
km l chng ta lun trau di k thut ngn, k nng sng tc, ha m, lng nghe hc
hi cc tc phm kinh in ,mu mc, tm hiu khng ngng th gii bao la ca m
nhc (nht l m nhc dnh cho la tui Mm Nom ).
Ban bin tp chng ti lun mong mun em li mt s g ng gp nh nhoi
trong cng vic gio dc m nhc mm non. V c gng ngy cng han tt tt p
hn trong cng vic ca mnh.

Ban bin tp

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Ti liu tham kho

+ Thut ng m nhc Anh - c - Vit (Nguyn Bch, Nxb m nhc).
+ Ha m (Nguyn Bch, Nxb TR).
+ Phi kh cho dn nhc v ban nhc nh (B.Kianop & X.Vaxkrexemxki,
Nxb Vn Ha).
+ Bn m n (Tin Dng ).
+ Ha m hoa m (Tin Dng).
+ Sch gio khoa phc iu (S.Grigoriev, dch gi PGS-PTS N.Xinh, Nhc vin
H Ni).
+ 200 bi thc hnh Organ v Piano nhc Mm Non (Th S Thn trng Quc,
Ns Trn minh Phng ).

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Thc hnh m n n gin

Mc lc
Li gii thiu ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Li m u ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Hiu th no l m n cho mt ca khc? ...........................................5.
Nhng bc chun b cho phn m n ........................................... 5.
t hp m cho mt ca khc....................Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.
- Xc nh b kha ...................................... 6Error! Bookmark not defined.
- Xc nh nt cui ca ca khc .................................................................... 7.
- Hp m ba chnh ........................................................................................ 7.
- Hp m ba ph ......................................................................................... 11.
Ph ha nn nhc bng tay phi........................................................... 16.
- Luyn tp cc hp m rp du .................................................................. 16.
- Luyn tp cc ha thanh tri du .............................................................. 19.
- Mt s mu m cn bn ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Thc hnh ni cu .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
- Dng cc du chuyn hnh lin bc ......................................................... 24.
- Thc hin tri du ni cu ................................................................... 25.
- Din li cu nhc ..................................................................................... 26.
S lc tnh nng nhc c thng dng: ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
- B dy ...................................................................................................... 31
- B ng .................................................................................................... 32
- B G ........................................................................................................ 33
- H Guitar .................................................................................................. 35
- H Saxophone ........................................................................................... 36
- Nhc c n phm ...................................................................................... 37
- Cc nhc c g .......................................................................................... 38
Nhc do u ...........................................................................................39
- Da vo phin khc ................................................................................... 40
- Da vo ip khc ..................................................................................... 41
- Da vo cc mu m ................................................................................. 41
- V nhiu cch khc .................................................................................... 43
on gian tu (do gia) ............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
on kt thc . ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Thay li kt ................................................................................................... 45.

Ti liu tham kho ....................................................................................... 46.

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