o an tot nghiep Anh

GVHD: Quyen Huy

CHNG TNH TON CONG SUAT VA TON THAT IEN NANG TRONG MAY BIEN AP
5. T!"# $%&'$ (!)#* +,&'$ $-!#* .&/0 123'# &/4 Ton that cong suat trong may bien ap bao gom ton that khong tai(ton that sat) va ton that co tai(ton that ong) Ton that cong suat tac !u"ng va phan khang trong may bien ap #$"c t%nh theo cac cong th#c sau&
() , = () + + () * ( 'pt 'm )(./0)

(1

= (1

+ (1 * (

'pt 'm

)-

(./-)

23 ay& () + 4() * 5a ton that cong suat tac !u"ng khong tai va ngan ma"ch cua may bien ap4 cho trong 5y 56ch cua may4 k78 (1 + 4(1 * 5a ton that cong suat phan khang khong tai va ngan ma"ch cua may bien ap4 k9:r8 'pt4'm 5a phu" tai toan phan(th#$ng 5ay ba;ng phu" tai t%nh toan 'pt) va !ung 5#$"ng 6nh m#c cua may bien ap4 k9:
<ac ton that
(1
=

va (1

#$"c t%nh theo cong th#c sau& i> ' !m (1 = = 4 k9:r; (./?) 0==
*

@* > ' !m 4 k9:r8 (./A) 0== 23 ay& i> 5a gia tr6 t#$ng oi cua !ong ieBn khong tai4cho trong 5y 56ch may8 @ * > 5agia tr6 t#$ng oi cua ieBn ap ngan ma"ch cho trong 5y 56ch may Trong tr#$ng h$"p t%nh toan s$ boB ta co the !ung cong th#c gan ung sau ay& () , = (=4= =4=-.) !m ' (./.) (1 , = (=40=. =40-.) !m ' (./C) (1 = <ac cong th#c tren #$"c !ung cho may bien ap co
'!m 0===k9:4 i> = . D4@ * > = .4.

5.5. T!"# $%&'$ 6237# #&8#* $-!#* .&/0 123'# &/49 Ton that ieBn naEng trong may bien ap #$"c Fac 6nh theo cong th#c sau&
(: 'pt = () = t + () * ' . !m
2

(./D)

Tram Bien Ap

o an tot nghiep GVHD: Quyen Huy Anh 23 ay& () =4() * 5a ton that cong suat tac !u"ng khong tai va ngan ma"ch cua may bien ap4cho trong 5y 56ch may4k78 'pt4'!m 5a phu" tai toan phan(th#$ng 5ay ba;ng phu" tai t%nh toan( 'tt ) va !ung 5#$"ng 6nh m#c cua may bien ap k9:4 / t 5a th$i gian vaBn hanh th#"c te cua may bien ap4h ,Gnh th#$ng may bien ap #$"c ong ieBn suot moBt naEm nen 5ay tHIDC=h8 / 5a th$i gian ton that cong suat 5$n nhat4h& #$"c cho b$i bang ./I Trong tr#$ng h$"p co n may bien ap giong nhau 5am vieBc song song trong moBt tra"m thG ton that ieBn naEng cua may bien ap trong tra"m o 5a&
(: 0 = n(( =t + () n 'pt * . '!m
-

(./J)

,ang . / I Th$i gian ton that cong suat 5$n nhat4 TmaF4h -=== -.== ?=== ?.== A=== A.== .=== ..== C=== C.== D=== D.== I=== IDC= 0 I== 0=== 0?== 0C== -=== -.== -J== ?.== A-== .=== .D== CC== DJ== IDC= 4h <os tb =4I / / -=== -0.= -D.= ??== ?C.= A0.= AC== .?== .J== C=.= DA== IDC=

=4C / / -D== ?=== ?A== ?D.= A0.= AC== .=== ..== C0== CD== DA== IDC=

5.:.237# #&8#* $23), $%,; $-!#* .!7$ #&8. KieBn naEng tieu thu" trong moBt naEm cua may bien ap #$"c t%nh theo cong th#c sau&
: = )tt TmaF4 k7h

(./0=)

23 ay& / Ptt 5a phu" tai t%nh toan4k78 / TmaF 5a th$i gian s# !u"ng cong suat 5$n nhat4h Th$i gian TmaF phu" thuoBc vao so ca 5am vieBc trong moBt ngay em va aLc tr#ng cua Mua trGnh san Fuat Nia tr6 TmaF cua moBt so F% nghieBp ien hGnh #$"c cho b$i bang ./00 Tram Bien Ap

o an tot nghiep Anh ,ang ./00 Th$i gian TmaF cua moBt so F% nghieBp PeB so O% nghieBp O% nghieBp hoa chat O% nghiep 5o"c !au <he ta"o may c$R naLng <he ta"o may cong cu" <$ kh% s#a ch#Ra '#Ra ch#Ra oto <he ta"o o ieBn *hu cau Q nc =4?. =4?. =4-=4-? =4-=4-= =4?0
cos tb

GVHD: Quyen Huy

=4D =4I =4C=4C. =4C? =4DC =4CA

TmaF4h C-== D0== ?DD= A?A. A0A= A?D= A-I=

Trong tr#$ng h$"p khong co 5ieBu ch%nh Fac ta co the 5ay gan ung nh# sau& TmaF = -.== ?===h Sam vieBc 0 ca TmaF = A.== .===h Sam vieBc - ca TmaF = C.== D===h Sam vieBc ? ca 5.<. V&7# %&=#% $-&;. 123'# &/4 Qhi thiet ke tra"m bien ap va cac thiet b6 phan phoi trong tra"m4ngoai vieBc thoRa maRn cac yeu cau ve kinh te kyR thuaBt4con can chu y en van e thuaBn tieBn 4an toan trong vaBn hanh va 5ien tu"c cung cap ieBn Ke am bao tra"m vaBn hanh an toan va tin caBy can phai tuan thu moBt so nguyen tac chung sau & .T,&)# $%,> (%&?$ (%3@ $-A#% $B; $%&! $&/(9 Koi v$i tra"m bien ap can tuan thu cac thao tac& &. C%2 1&D$ 6&E, (,#* (&'4 6237# / Kong cac !ao cach 5y cua #$ng !ay vao tra"m (ph%a cao ap) Kong thiet b6 chong set Kong !ao cach 5y phan oa"n thanh cai cao ap va ha" ap / Kong may cat cao ap cua #$ng !ay vao tra"m / Kong may cat cao ap cua may bien ap / Kong may cat ph%a ha" ap / Tuy theo yeu cau cua phu" tai ong cac may cat cung cap cho t#ng tai 1. C%2 #*B=#* (,#* (&'4 6237#. / <at cac may cat cua cac #$ng !ay phu" tai / <at cac may cat ph%a ha" ap cua may bien ap *oi chung trGnh t#" thao tac ng#$"c 5a"i t# !#$i 5en Ke am bao an toan4tranh nham 5aTn gay s#" co nguy hiem4moTi 5an ong cat phai co phieu thao tac ghi roR trGnh t#" ong cat t#ng phan t# thiet b6 ieBn 5.C23F. $-& Tram Bien Ap

o an tot nghiep GVHD: Quyen Huy Anh )hai co che oB kieTm tra th#$ng Fuyen va kiem tra 6nh ky Th#$ng Fuyen kiem tra phu" tai cua may bien ap8 oi v$i may bien ap va cac may cat !au phai co che oB kiem nghieBm 6nh ky chat cach ieBn Th#"c hieBn ay u che oB kiem tra seR s$m phat hieBn nh#Rng cho h# hong va k6p th$i s#Ra ch#Ra4ngaEn chaLn s#" co co the Fay ra(aLc bieBt 5a cac thiet b6 ong cat vabao veB)B :.V&7# %&=#% G2#% $3' .&/4 123'# &/4

9aBn hanh kinh te may bien ap 5a ph#$ng th#c vaBn hanh the nao e a"t #$"c ton that cong suat trong may bien ap 5a %t nhat Uo o chi ph% vaBn hanh va ton that ieBn naEng 5a %t nhat 9an e aLt ra chV co y nghWa khi tra"m co t# hai may bien ap tr$ 5en
Tra"m co hai may bien ap <an Fet nen cho hai may vaBn hanh theo Muy 5uaBt the nao e a"t hieBu Mua kinh te nhat ,iet ra;ng ton that cong suat tac !u"ng trong may bien ap(ke ca thanh phan !o cong suat phan khang gay ra) #$"c t%nh nh# sau&
()
X ,

= ()

23 ay&

' + () * ' 8 !m
X

() X= = () = + kkt(1 0
()
X *

= () * + kkt(1

/ k kt 5a #$ng 5#$"ng kinh te cua cong suat phan khang T# bieu th#c (./0) ta thay ra;ng ton that cong suat trong may bien ap gom hai thanh phan& / Thanh phan khong co Muan heB v$i phu" tai a = () X= / Thanh phan ty 5eB v$i phu" tai b = 9aBy&

() X* ' '-!m

K#$ng cong bieu !ieTn Muan heB () X , = Y ( ') 5a moBt #$ng parabo5 (hGnh ./0-) T# hGnh ./0-4K#$ng net #t 5a #$ng vaBn hanh v$i ton that cong suat %t nhat *h# vaBy& 1 / Qhi ' '1 nen cho moBt mGnh may bien ap 0 5am vieBc / Qhi '0 Z ' Z '- nen cho moBt mGnh may bien 2 ap - 3 5am vieBc / Qhi ' '2 nen cho hai may vaBn hanh song song

()

X ,

= a + b'-

Tram Bien Ap
S S1 S2
kva

o an tot nghiep Anh

GVHD: Quyen Huy

PGnh ./0- K#$ng cong () X , = Y ( ') cua may bien ap 0 va -& 0 #$ng cong ton that cong suat cua may bien ap 08- #$ng cong ton that cong suat cua may bien ap -8 ? #$ng cong ton that cong suat cua may bien ap 0 va- vaBn hanh song song *eu tra"m co n may bien ap co tham so giong nhau thG bieu th#c sau cho phep t%nh tr6 so phu" tai bat au t# o nen chuyen t# vieBc vaBn hanh moBt may sang vaBn hanh n may e co 5$"i ve maLt kinh te

' = '!m n( n 0)

() ()

X X

<an chu y 5a trong th#"c te phu" tai co the 5uon 5uon bien oi (hGnh./0?)

PGnh ./0? Ko th6 phu" tai ha;ng ngay& 0 tr#$c khi ieu chVnh phu" tai - sau khi ieu chVnh phu" tai *eu muon vaBn hanh may bien ap kinh te theo nh#Rng trGnh bay $ tren thG trong th$i gian& T# = en t0& <ho may bien ap 0 vaBn hanh8 T# t0 en t-& <ho may bien ap - vaBn hanh8 Tram Bien Ap

o an tot nghiep GVHD: Quyen Huy Anh T# t- en t?&<ho hai may bien ap vaBn hanh song song Trong th#"c te e vaBn hanh kinh te tra"m bien ap ng#$i ta sap Fep 56ch 5am vieBc cua cac may4ieu chVnh 5a"i e co o th6 phu" tai t#$ng oi ba;ng pha[ng 'au khi ieu chVnh o th6 phu" tai nh# vaBy chung ta m$i caEn c# vao tr6 so phu" tai e cho cac may bien ap vaBn hanh phu h$"p v$i ieu kieBn kinh te(Tranh vieBc ong cat th#$ng Fuyen may bien ap vG ieu nay anh h#$ng t$i tuoi tho" cua thiet b6) 9% !u" $ hGnh ./0? sau khi ieu chVnh phu" tai ph#$ng th#c vaBn hanh co the nh# sau& T# t. en t0& <ho may bien ap 0 vaBn hanh8 T# t0 en t? vatA en t.& <ho hai may bien ap vaBn hanh8 T# t? en tA& <ho hai may vaBn hanh song song8

Tram Bien Ap

o an tot nghiep GVHD: Quyen Huy Anh 5.5. N%, (&E, H&7# %&=#% +!#* +!#* (&/( .&/0 123'# &/4 *hu cau vaBn hanh song song hai hoaLc nhieu h$n cac may bien ap Fay ra khi& / Tai phat trien4v#$"t Mua kha naEng cua moBt may bien ap hieBn co8 / Thieu khong gian (oB cao) cho moBt may bien ap 5$n8 / TaEng c#$ng oB tin caBy (kha naEng h# cung 5uc hai may bien ap rat nho)8 / '#" tuan theo k%ch c$ chuan cua may bien ap trong toan ma"ng ieBn Co ng !uat to"ng #$VA% Qhi hai hoaLc nhieu may bien ap cung cong suat 6nh m#c (k9:) noi song song4thG ba;ng tong cong suat 6nh m#c cua t#ng may v$i ieu kieBn can thiet 5a cac may bien ap nay co cung ieBn ap ngan ma"ch va cung ty so bien ap <ac may bien ap co cong suat 6nh m#c khac nhau seR chia tai th#"c te(nh#ng ieu nay khong hoan toan ch%nh Fac)ty 5eB v$i cong suat 6nh m#c cua chung Kieu kieBn vaBn hanh song song bay gi$ 5a ty so bien ap giong nhau va tong tr$ ngan ma"ch phan traEm 5a ong nhat hoaLc gan giong nhau Trong tr#$ng h$"p nay4 cong suat 6nh m#c #$"c t%nh 90% tong hai tr6 so cong suat 6nh m#c *g#$i ta khuyen cao ra;ng khi cac may bien ap co ty so cac cong suat 6nh m#c 5$n h$n -&04khong nen vaBn hanh song song th#$ng Fuyen Ca& 'ieu $ien &an thiet 'e" (an ha)nh !ong !ong Tat ca cac phan t# vaBn hanh song song phai #$"c cap nguon t# moBt 5#$i chung Uong khong can ba;ng(khong the tranh #$"c) cha"y Muan gi#Ra cac ph%a th# cap cua cac may bien ap song song 5a rat be va co the bo Mua #$"c khi& \ cap noi t# th# cap may bien ap t$i iem noi chung cua ma"ch song song phai cung 5oa"i va co chieu !ai gan ba;ng nhau8 \ to au !ay (sao4tam giac4sao kieu ]ig]ag) trong cac may bien ap phai co cung s#" bien oi pha gi#Ra cuoBn !ay s$ va th#8 / ieBn ap ngan ma"ch phan traEm phai ba;ng nhau hoaLc khac nhau %t h$n 0=>8 / s#" khac nhau ve tr6 so ieBn ap gi#Ra cac pha t#$ng #ng khong #$"c v#$"t Mua =4A>^

C&/( G23", 6&E, I&)0 $%!)#* $%BJ=#*

*h# aR mo ta trong mu"c A A _cac kieu au !ay`4moi Muan heB gi#Ra cac cuoBn !ay s$4th# va cuoBn th# ba phu" thuoBc vao& 5oa"i au !ay(sao4tam giac4sao kieu ]ig]ag)8 cach noi cac cuoBn !ay pha 9% !u" khi noi kieu sao seR cho ra ieBn ap ng#$"c 0I=o v$i cac ieBn ap ta"o ra neu au sao $ chieu ng#$"c 5a"i T#$ng t#" nh# vaBy4oB 5eBch goc pha 0I=o seR Fay ra trong hai tr#$ng h$"p khi noi cac cuoBn !ay vao ieBn ap !ay cho kieu noi !ay tam giac4trong khi o kieu ]ig]ag co the th#"c hieBn theo A cach phoi h$"p v$i nhau8 Tram Bien Ap

o an tot nghiep GVHD: Quyen Huy Anh goc 5eBch pha cua ap th# cap so v$i ph%a s$ cap nh# aR noi tren 5uon ba;ng moBt boBi so cua ?=o 4phu" thuoBc vao cach noi !ay va cach noi c#"c t%nh cua cac cuoBn !ay pha <ach noi thong !u"ng nhat oi v$i may bien ap phan phoi 5a Uyn/00

Tram Bien Ap