LI NI U

B Vi x l l ht nhn ca h VXL,n thc hin cc php tnh logic hoc s hc iu khin ton b hot ng ca h: - c cc lnh t nh,gii m lnh v thc hin lnh - Trao i s liu vi b nh v cc thit b vo ra - C th c iu khin t 1 s tn hiu bn ngoi thc hin 1 s chc nng c bit nh thm nhp b nh,ngt v treo Mt h VXL bao gm 2 phn: - Phn cng - Phn mm *) Phn cng l ton b cc kt cu vt l cu thnh nn h nh ROM, RAM, P *) Phn mm:Phn logic bao gm h iu hnh va chng trnh ng dng(do ngi s dng vit)chng trnh c lu tr trong b nh bng m nh phn ca my tnh.Mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng my l 1 chui cc byte nh phn biu din cc lnh m my tnh thc hin c.Hp ng thay th cc m nh phn ca ngn ng my bng cc m gi nh gip ta d nh hn v d lp trnh hn. BTL bao gm: CHNG 1: Gii thiu h vi iu khin 8051 1.1. Cu trc phn cng. 1.2. S chn v chc nng tng chn. CHNG 2: ng dng o khong thi gian gia 2 xung ( f < 1000 Hz ) 2.1. Mch to xung s dng time 555 2.2. Gii thiu v LCD. 2.3. Lu thut ton 2.4. Mch o v chng trnh hp ng.

Vi BTL em nhn c c g sai st rt mong c s ch bo ca Thy BTL ca em c thnh cng, em xin chn thnh cm n !

CHNG 1: GII THIU H VI IU KHIN 8051

1.1. Cu trc phn cng. c im v chc nng hot ng ca cc IC h MSC-51 hon ton tng t nh nhau. y gii thiu IC8951 l mt h IC vi iu khin do hng Intel ca M sn xut. Chng c cc c im chung nh sau: Cc c im ca 8951 c tm tt nh sau : 8 KB EPROM bn trong. 128 Byte RAM ni. 4 Port xut /nhp I/O 8 bit. Giao tip ni tip. 64 KB vng nh m ngoi 64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi. X l Boolean (hot ng trn bit n). 210 v tr nh c th nh v bit. 4 s cho hot ng nhn hoc chia. S khi ca 8951:

1.2. S chn v chc nng tng chn. 1.2.1 S chn 8951:

S chn IC 89C51 1.2.2. Chc nng cc chn ca 8951: - 8951 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp. Trong c 24 chn c tc dng kp (c ngha 1 chn c 2 chc nng), mi ng c th hot ng nh ng xut nhp hoc nh ng iu khin hoc l thnh phn ca cc bus d liu v bus a ch. a. Cc Port: Port 0 : - Port 0 l port c 2 chc nng cc chn 32 39 ca 8951.

Trong cc thit k c nh khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng IO. i vi cc thit k c ln c b nh m rng, n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu. Port 1: - Port 1 l port IO trn cc chn 1-8. Cc chn c k hiu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, c th dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi nu cn. Port 1khng c chc nng khc, v vy chng ch c dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi. Port 2 : - Port 2 l 1 port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 21 - 28 c dng nh cc ng xut nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit b dng b nh m rng. Port 3: - Port 3 l port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 10 - 17. Cc chn ca port ny c nhiu chc nng, cc cng dng chuyn i c lin h vi cc c tnh c bit ca 8951 nh bng sau:

b. Cc ng tn hiu iu khin : Ng tn hiu PSEN (Program store enable): - PSEN l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m rng thng c ni n chn 0E\ (output enable) ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m lnh. - PSEN mc thp trong thi gian Microcontroller 8951 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca chng trnh c c t Eprom qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong 8951 gii m lnh. Khi 8951 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni PSEN s mc logic 1. Ng tn hiu iu khin ALE (Address Latch Enable ) : - Khi 8951 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v bus d liu do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn th 30 dng lm tn hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht. - Tn hiu ra chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a ch thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng. Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn chip v c th c dng lm tn hiu clock cho cc phn khc ca h thng. Chn ALE c dng lm ng vo xung lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8951. Ng tn hiu EA\(External Access): - Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1, 8951thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni trong khong a ch thp 8 Kbyte. Nu mc 0, 8951 s thi hnh chng trnh t b nh m rng. Chn EA\ c ly lm chn cp ngun 21V khi lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8951. Ng tn hiu RST (Reset) :

-Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset ca 8951. Khi ng vo tn hiu ny a ln cao t nht l 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp khi ng h thng. Khi cp in mch t ng Reset. Cc ng vo b dao ng X1, X2: - B dao ng c tch hp bn trong 8951, khi s dng 8951 ngi thit k ch cn kt ni thm thch anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s .Tn s thch anh thng s dng cho 8951 l 12Mhz. Chn 40 (Vcc) c ni ln ngun 5V.

CHNG 2: NG DNG O KHONG THI GIAN GIA 2 XUNG ( F < 1000 HZ )

2.1. Mch to xung dng Time 555:

2.2. Gii thiu v LCD. 2.2.1. Hot ng ca LCD: Trong nhng nm gn y LCD ang ngy cng c s dng rng ri thay th dn cho cc n LED (cc n LED 7 on hay nhiu on). l v cc nguyn nhn sau: Cc LCD c gi thnh h. Kh nng hin th cc s, cc k t v ho tt hn nhiu so vi cc n LED (v cc n LED ch hin th c cc s v mt s k t).

 Nh kt hp mt b iu khin lm ti vo LCD lm gii phng cho CPU cng vic lm ti LCD. Trong khi n LED phi c lm ti bng CPU (hoc bng cch no ) duy tr vic hin th d liu. D dng lp trnh cho cc k t v ho. 2.2.2 M t cc chn ca LCD: LCD c ni trong mc ny c 14 chn, chc nng ca cc chn c cho trong bng. V tr ca cc chn c m t trn hnh v cho nhiu LCD khc nhau. 1. Chn VCC, VSS v VEE: Cc chn VCC,VSS v VEE: Cp dng ngun - 5v v t tng ng th VEE c dng iu khin tng phn ca LCD. 2. Chn chn thanh ghi RS (Register Select).C hai thanh ghi rt quan trng bn trong LCD, chn RS c dng chn cc thanh ghi ny nh sau: Nu RS = 0 th thanh ghi m lnh c chn cho php ngi dng gi mt lnh chng hn nh xo mn hnh, a con tr v u dng v.v Nu RS = 1 th thanh ghi d liu c chn cho php ngi dng gi d liu cn hin th trn LCD. 3. Chn c/ghi (R/W).u vo c/ ghi cho php ngi dng ghi thng tin ln LCD khi R/W= 0 hoc c thng tin t n khi R/W = 1. 4. Chn cho php E (Enable).Chn cho php E c s dng bi LCD cht thng tin hin hu trn chn d liu ca n. Khi d liu c cp n chn d liu th mt xung mc cao xung thp phi c p n chn ny LCD cht d liu trn cc chn d liu. Xung ny phi rng ti thiu l 450ns. 5. Chn D0 - D7.y l 8 chn d liu 8 bt, c dng gi thng tin ln LCD hoc c ni dung ca cc thanh ghi trong LCD. hin th cc ch ci v cc con s, chng ta gi cc m ASCII ca cc ch ci t A n Z, a n f v

cc con s t 0 - 9 n cc chn ny khi bt RS = 1.Cng c cc m lnh m c th c gi n LCD xo mn hnh hoc a con tr v u dng hoc nhp nhy con tr. Chng ta cng s dng RS = 0 kim tra bt c bn xem LCD c sn sng nhn thng tin. C bn l D7 v c th cc khi R/W = 1 v RS= 0 nh sau: Nu R/W = 1, RS = 0 khi D7 = 1 (c bn 1) th LCD bn bi cc cng vic bn trong v s khng nhn bt k thng tin mi no. Khi D7 = 0 th LCD sn sng nhn thng tin mi. Lu chng ta nn kim tra c bn trc khi ghi bt k d liu no ln LCD. 2.2.3 Gi cc lnh v d liu n LCD vi mt tr: *Cc m lnh LCD: M (Hex) 1 2 4 6 5 7 8 A C E F 10 14 18 1C 80 C0 38 Lnh n thanh ghi ca LCD Xo mn hnh hin th Tr v u dng Gi con tr (dch con tr sang tri) Tng con tr (dch con tr sang phi) Dch hin th sang phi Dch hin th sang tri Tt con tr, tt hin th Tt hin th, bt con tr Bt hin th, tt con tr Bt hin th, nhp nhy con tr Tt con tr, nhp nhy con tr Dch v tr con tr sang tri Dch v tr con tr sang phi Dch ton b hin th sang tri Dch ton b hin th sang phi p con tr V u dng th nht p con tr V u dng th hai Hai dng v ma trn 5 7

gi mt lnh bt k n LCD ta phi a chn RS v 0. i vi d liu th bt RS = 1 sau gi mt sn xung cao xung thp n chn E cho php cht d liu trong LCD. iu ny c ch ra trong on m chng trnh di y .

2.2.4. Gi m lnh hoc d liu n LCD c kim tra c bn. on chng trnh trn y ch ra cch gi cc lnh n LCD m khng c kim tra c bn (Busy Flag). Lu rng chng ta phi t mt tr ln trong qu tnh xut d liu hoc lnh ra LCD. Tuy nhin, mt cch tt hn nhiu l hin th c bn trc khi xut mt lnh hoc d liu ti LCD. Di y l mt chng trnh nh vy. Lu rng trong chng trnh c bn D7 ca thanh ghi lnh. c thanh ghi lnh ta phi t RS = 0, R/W = 1 v xung cao - xung - thp cho bt E cp thanh ghi lnh cho chng ta. Sau khi c thanh ghi lnh, nu bt D7 (c bn) mc cao th LCD bn v khng c thng tin (lnh) no c xut n n ch khi no D7 = 0 mi c th gi d liu hoc lnh n LCD. Lu trong phng pht ny khng s dng tr thi gian no v ta ang kim tra c bn trc khi xut lnh hoc d liu ln LCD. 2.3. Lu thut ton:

2.4. Mch o v chng trnh hp ng.

#INCLUDE <SFR51.INC> ORG 0H LJMP MAIN ORG 03H MOV TMOD, #01 MOV TL0, #0H MOV TH0, #0H SETB TR0 JNB P3.2, $ CLR TR0 CLR TF0 MOV R0, TL0 MOV R1, TH0 MOV R2, #10H MOV R3, #27H LCALL DIV16 MOV A, R0

ORL A, #30H LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE MOV A, R2 MOV R0, A MOV A, R3 MOV R1, A MOV R2, #0E8H MOV R3, #3H LCALL DIV16 MOV A, R0 ORL A, #30H LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE MOV A, R2 MOV R0, A MOV A, R3 MOV R1, A MOV R2, #64H MOV R3, #0H LCALL DIV16 MOV A, R0 ORL A, #30H LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE

MOV A, R2 MOV R0, A MOV A, R3 MOV R1, A MOV R2, #0AH MOV R3, #0H LCALL DIV16 MOV A, R0 ORL A, #30H LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE MOV A, R2 ORL A, #30H LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE MOV A, #'u' LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE MOV A, #'S' LCALL HIENTHI LCALL TRE SJMP $ MAIN: MOV IE, #10000001B SETB TCON.0 MOV A,#38H LCALL XLENH LCALL TRE MOV A,#0EH LCALL XLENH ;BAI HIEN THI VA NHAP NHAY CON TRO ;LCD 5X7 , 2 dong

LCALL TRE SJMP $ XLEN H: MOV P2, A CLR P0.5 CLR P0.6 SETB P0.7 CLR P0.7 RET HIENTHI: MOV P2, A SETB P0.5 CLR P0.6 SETB P0.7 CLR P0.7 RET TRE: MOV TMOD, #20H MOV TH1, #0DEH SETB TR1 LAP: JNB TF1,LAP CLR TR1 CLR TF1 RET ;====================================================== ;CHE DO 2, TIMER 1

DIV16: RET ANL MOV ORL JNZ PSW, #0E7H A, R3 A, R2 DIV_OK

SETB C DIV_OK: PUSH DPL PUSH DPH PUSH B ACALL CR0R1 ACALL CR2R3 ACALL UDIV16 ACALL MR0R1 CLR C POP B POP POP RET CR0R1: MOV JB CLR RET C0A: SETB 21H MOV A, R0 A, R1 ACC.7, C0A 21H DPH DPL

CPL ADD MOV MOV CPL

A A, #1 R0, A A, R1 A

ADDC A, #0 MOV RET CR2R3 MOV JB CLR RET C1A: SETB 22H MOV CPL ADD MOV MOV CPL A, #0 MOV RET UDIV16: MOV MOV MOV R7, #0 R6, #0 B, #16 R3, A A, R2 A A, #1 R2, A A, R3 A ADDC A, R3 ACC.7, C1A 22H R1, A

DIV_LOOP:

CLR MOV RLC MOV MOV RLC MOV MOV RLC MOV MOV RLC MOV MOV CLR SUBB MOV MOV SUBB MOV CPL JNC MOV MOV DIV_1: MOV RLC MOV MOV RLC MOV DJNZ MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV RET

C A, R0 A R0, A A, R1 A R1, A A, R6 A R6, A A, R7 A R7, A A, R6 C A, R2 DPL, A A, R7 A, R3 DPH, A C DIV_1 R7, DPH R6, DPL A, R4 A R4, A A, R5 A R5, A B, A, R5 DIV_LOOP R1, A A, R4 R0, A A, R7 R3, A A, R6 R2, A

MR0R1: JB 21H, MR0R1B JB 22H, MR0R1A RET MR0R1: JNB RET MR0R1A: MOV A, R0 CPL A ADD A, #1 MOV R0, A MOV A, R1 CPL A ADDC A, #0 MOV R1, A RET END 22H, MR0R1A

KT LUN Ti y vic thit k hon thnh .Do kh nng bn thn cn hn hp , thi gian c hn nn bi tp thit k khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Mong Thy v cc bn gp cc bi tp ln ln sau em ngy cng hon chnh .

Ti liu tham kho:

1. K thut Vi x l --- Tc gi: Vn Th Minh 2. Cu trc v lp trnh h vi iu khin 8051 --- Tc gi: Nguyn Tng Cng _ Phan Quc Thng 3. Trang Web : WWW.8052.COM