CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

LP TRNH PLC
S n v hc trnh: 02. Trnh : Sinh vin nm th 3. Phn b thi gian:
- 29 tit l thuyt + bi tp. - 1 tit thi gia hc phn.

iu kin tin quyt:

- hc cc mn hc K thut s, Trang b in - in t.

Mc tiu:

M t c cu trc PLC, ng dng PLC trong cng nghip Thit k c mt h thng iu khin t ng n gin s dng PLC. Vit c chng trnh cho PLC S7300 iu khin cc h thng t ng. C kh nng t nghin cu s dng cc loi PLC khc.

Ni Dung:
Tng quan v PLC v Logic k thut s. Kiu d liu v cu trc vng nh. Thit b phn cng trong h thng PLC. Cc cu lnh lp trnh STEP 7 c bn. Cc chng trnh ng dng.

Nhim v sinh vin:

Lm y cc bi tp trn lp v bi tp v nh, tham gia y cc bui kim tra hc trnh.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

LP TRNH GII ???

1. Lm bi tp !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2. S dng tr gip trn phn mm (HELP) 3. Tm kim ti liu v thng tin trn Website.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V PLC

1.1.Khi nim v PLC. PLC (Programable Logic Controler) l mt thit b iu khin s dng mt b nh c th lp trnh, b nh ny s lu gi cc cu trc lnh (logic, thi gian, b 'm, cc hm ton hc...) thc hin cc chc nng iu khin.

PLC

1.2.C s pht trin. H iu khin c in.

Cc phn t u vo
Nt n Cng tc Cng tc hnh trnh Cm bin quang in

B iu khin
R le Cng tc t R le thi gian B m

Phn t chp hnh

ng c Cng tc t Van thu lc, kh n n B hin th

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

H iu khin s dng PLC.

Cc phn t u vo
Nt n Cng tc Cng tc hnh trnh Cm bin quang in .

B iu khin

Phn t chp hnh

ng c Cng tc t Van thu lc, kh n n B hin th

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

So snh gia h iu khin c in v PLC:

c im so snh
Phn t iu khin Phm vi iu khin Thay i, thm bt Thi gian lp t Bo tr, bo dng tin cy Hiu qu kinh t

Bng iu khin c in
Mc ch c bit Nh v trung bnh Kh Vi tun, vi thng Kh Ph thuc vo nh ch to u im cho sn xut nh

PLC
Mc ch chung Trung bnh v ln D Vi ngy D Cao u im cho sn xut nh, trung bnh v ln.

1.3.Cu trc PLC.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

1.4.c im PLC: - Cu trc n gin vi thit k c kch thc nh gn. - Chu ng c mi trng cng nghip. - Lp trnh n gin, thc hin c nhiu chc nng iu khin. - Ngn ng lp trnh ng. Mt s loi PLC ph bin:C nhiu hng sn xut PLC. Chng ta chn 4 hng tiu biu gm: Mitsubishi, Omron, Siemens, Telemecanique.

PLC S7 ca SIEMENS

ZEN ca OMRON
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Gii thiu s lc v dng sn phm ca Siemens: 1. Logo: Dng sn phm s cp, c s dng cho nhng ng dng nh, c tc dng thay th cho nhng ng dng s dng nhiu rle trung gian,timer.,nhm gim khng gian lp t t in. - Do logo ch l nhng Logic Modul do vy ch c s dng cho vic thay th nhng mch s n gin vi s lng I/O nh 24In,16Out. - u im ca Logo l d dng s dng, d dng lp trnh v thay i d liu .C th lp trnh trc tip trn Logo bng cch s dng Logo c mn hnh. Gi thnh tng i hp l. - ng dng : Ch yu trong h thng chiu sng cng cng, h thng chiu sng trong to nh, s dng trong cc my x g, v mt s my n gin 2. S7_200: Dng sn phm trung cp, c s dng trong nhng ng dng trung bnh vi s lng I/O va phi (khong 128 ), i vi dng sn phm S7_200 ny c tch hp y nhng hm ton cho tt c nhng ng dng cn thit cho mi h thng t ng, ngn ng cng nh giao din lp trnh d hiu, thn thin, gip cho mi ngi u c th d dng tip cn. Tuy nhin, thng thng S7-200 vn c s dng cho nhng ng dng ring l, cn trng hp mun m rng mng th vn nn s dng S7_300. - ng dng : Trong cc nghnh , B tng, Gm s, Ximng, st thp..C th s dng cho h thng SCADA nh ( kt ni S7_200 vi my tnh thng qua PC Access, c th truy cp v qun l d liu : Trm trn B Tng.) 3. S7_300,400: Dng sn phm cao cp, c dng cho nhng ng dng ln vi nhng yu cu I/O nhiu v thi gian p ng nhanh, yu cu kt ni mng,v c kh nng m rng cho sau ny. - Ngn ng lp trnh a dng cho php ngi s dng c quyn chn la. c im ni bt ca S7_300 l ngn ng lp trnh cung cp nhng hm ton a dng cho nhng yu cu chuyn bit nh : Hm SCALE.. Hoc ta c th s dng ngn ng chuyn bit xy dng hm ring cho ng dng m ta cn. - Ngoi ra S7-300 cn xy dng phn cng theo cu trc Modul, ngha l i vi S7-300 s c nhng Modul tch hp cho nhng ng dng c bit nh Modul PID, Modul c xung tc cao.

ng dng PLC trong cng nghip. T cc u im nu trn, hin nay PLC c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau trong cng nghip nh: - H thng nng vn chuyn.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC - Dy chuyn ng gi. - Cc robot lp gip sn phm . - iu khin bm. - Dy chuyn x l ho hc. - Cng ngh sn xut giy . - Dy chuyn sn xut thu tinh. - Sn xut xi mng. .

Dy truyn sn xut t ng.

T in ca cu thang my

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Chng II: KIU D LIU V CU TRC VNG NH PLC

2.1.Cc h m. PLC ging nh mt my tnh, n lu tr v x l tn hiu hai dng ON vOFF (1 hoc 0), gi l cc bit nh phn. Cc tn hiu ny c th c s dng l cc tn hiu c lp, c th dng biu din mt gi tr s H thp phn L h m c s 10; Cc con s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Trng s: 1, 10, 100, 1000 Bit c trng s cao nht (MSB) H nh phn L h m c s 2 Cc con s: 0,1 Trng s: 1, 2, 4, 8 Bit c trng s thp nht (LSB)

Chuyn i t h nh phn sang h thp phn: chuyn i mt s t h nh phn sang h thp phn ta thc hin theo ba bc sau: - Tm tt c bit c gi tr 1 t phi qua tri (t bit c trng s thp nht n bit c trng s cao nht) - Vit cc gi tr thp phn tng ng cho cc ct c cc bit mang gi tr 1 Cng tt c cc gi tr thp phn ny
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

V d:

Bit, Byte, Word, Double Word: Mi con s trong h nh phn biu din bng 1 bit, tm bit c gi l 1 byte, hai byte l mt word v 4 byte l mt double word. Logic 0 v logic 1: Cc thit b lp trnh iu khin ch c th x l c tn hiu dng NG hoc M, ON hoc OFF (tn ti hoc khng tn ti). H nh phn l h bao gm hai con s: 0 v 1. 0 ch ra rng khng c tn hiu, tng ng vi trng thi M ca tip im, 1 ngha l c tn hiu, tng ng vi trng thi ng ca tip im . V d:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC S BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal): L mt s thp phn c biu din bng bn bit nh phn, nh vy s nh phn s c chia thnh nhm bn bit, mi nhm n y biu din mt con s thp phn tng ng . S thp phn S BCD

H thng hin th s H Hexa: - L h m c s 16; - Cc con s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F - Trng s: 1, 16, 256, 4096 (trong : A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15) - Chuyn i gia h thp phn v h hexa:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

2.2. Cc loi tn hiu vo/ra: 2.2.1. u vo s: Cn c gi l u vo tn hiu ri rc, l cc u vo ca PLC ch nhn cc tn hiu hai dng C hoc KHNG c cc tn hiu ny c th ly t nt n, cng tc, cm bin hnh trnh, cm bin tim cn 2.2.2. u ra s: Cn c gi l u ra tn hiu ri rc, l cc u ra ca PLC ch c hai trng thi ng hoc m cc u ra ny thng c ni vi cc cun dy Rle, Cng tc t, n, VanCc phn t ny s c iu khin bt tt bi PLC. 2.2.3. u vo tng t: L cc u vo ca PLC nhn cc tn hiu bin thin lin tc, in hnh l t 0-20mA, 4-20mA, 0-10V. 2.2.4. u ra tng t: L cc u ra ca PLC c tn hiu bin thin lin tc, c th l in p(0-10V) hoc dng in (0-20mA). 2.3. Cc kiu d liu Chng trnh trong PLC c th s dng cc kiu d liu sau: 1. BOOL: Kch thc l 1 bit v c gi tr l 0 hoc 1 ( NG hoc SAI, C hoc KHNG C). Lu tr cc thong tin c 2 gi tr ( Tn hiu s). 2. BYTE: Kch thc l 8 bit, thng c dung biu din mt s nguyn dng trong khong t 0 n 255 hoc 1 k t ca m ASCII. V d B#16#14: L mt s nguyn 14 vit theo h m Hexa c di 1 byte. 3. WORD: Kch thc 2 byte, biu din s nguyn dng t 0 n 65535(= 2exp(16) 1). 4. DOUBLEWORD: Kch thc 4 byte c gi tr l: 0 n 4.294.967.296.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 5. INT: Cng c kch thc l 2 byte, dung biu din mt s nguyn t 32768 n 32767. 6. DINT: Gm 4 bytes, dung biu din s nguyn t - 2147483648 n 2147483647. 7. REAL: Gm 4 bytes, dung biu din mt s thc du phy ng c gi tr l 3,402823E+383,402823E+38. V d 1.2345e + 13 8. S5T ( hay S5Time): Kiu d liu khong thi gian, c tnh theo gi/pht/giy. V d S5T#2h3m0s5ms. y l 2gi 3 pht v 5 mili giy. 2.4. Cu trc vng nh v cc phng php truy nhp vng nh: 2.4.1. Cu trc b nh PLC: B nh PLC c chia thnh 3 vng chnh: -Vng nh chng trnh: Vng nh ny cha chng trnh ng dng (OB, FB, FC..) do ngi lp trnh to ra. Chng trnh c vit v c a vo vng nh ny bng cc thit b lp trnh (PC, PC, Panel lp trnh). -Vng nh thng tin cu hnh: Cc thng tin v cu hnh h thng PLC c lu tr ti vng nh ny, cc thng tin ny c thit lp mt ln duy nht khi khi ng h thng gip CPU qun l v x l thng tin. -Vng nh d liu: y l vng nh cha cc thng tin iu khin hoc kt qu ca chng trnh CPU thc hin chng trnh iu khin. Vng nh ny li c chia thnh nhiu vng nh vi cc chc nng khc nhau thun tin cho vic lu tr v s dng.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 2.4.2. Cc phng php truy nhp b nh: Truy nhp theo bit: Quy cch: Tn vng nh, a ch byte, a ch bit( ngn cch gia a ch byte v a ch bit l du .)

Truy nhp theo byte: Quy cch: Tn vng nh, kiu truy nhp, a ch byte u tin.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 2.4.3. Cu trc v phng php truy nhp vng nh lu tr d liu: Vng nh cc u vo I: -Ti thi im u tin mi vng qut PLC ly tn hiu t cc u vo v ghi cc gi tr tng ng vo vng nh u vo. -Truy nhp: Kiu: Bit I[a ch byte].[a ch bit] I0.1 Byte, word, Double word I[kch thc][a ch byte u tin] IB4,IW1,ID2 Vng nh cc u ra Q: -Trong qu trnh thc hin mt vng qut (bao gm c chng trnh iu khin), PLC s ghi cc gi tr tng ng ca cc vng nh ny, cui vng qut PLC s gi cc gi tr ny n cc u ra tng ng. -Truy nhp: Kiu: Bit Q[a ch byte].[a ch bit] Q0.0

Byte, word, Double word Q[kch thc][a ch byte u tin] QB2,QW1,QD4 Vng nh M: -Cc nh thuc vng nh (M) dng lu tr trng thi ca qu trnh hot ng hoc cc thng tin iu khin khc. -Truy nhp:Kiu: Bit M[a ch byte].[a ch bit] M10.1 Byte,word,Double word M[kch thc][a ch byte u tin] MB20,MW8,MD6 Vng nh thi gian T: -Mi b thi gian c hai gi tr c lu tr trong vng nh T: Gi tr m thi gian hin ti (16 bit), v gi tr bit timer (1 bit). - Truy nhp: - V d: T [s th t b timer]

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Vng nh b m C: -Mi b m c hai gi tr c lu tr trong vng nh C: Gi tr m hin ti CV ( kiu BDC, 12 bit), v gi tr bit counter (1 bit). -Truy nhp: C [s th t b counter]

-V d:

Vng nh ngoi vi PI, PQ: -PLC s dng vng nh ngoi vi lu tr cc thng tin t cc module ngoi vi. C hai loi vng nh ngoi vi l vng nh cc u vo ngoi vi PI v vng nh cc u ra ngoi vi PQ PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc modul tng t. Cc gi tr tng t ti cng vo ca modul tng t s c c v chuyn t ng theo nhng a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PI theo tng byte (PIB), tng t (PIW) hoc theo t kp (PID). PQ: min a ch cng ra cho cc modul tng t. Cc ga tr theo nhng a ch ny c modul tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng t. Chng trnh

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC ng dng c th truy cp min nh PQ theo tng byte (PQB), tng t (PQW) hay tng t kp (PQD) -Truy nhp: Kiu: Byte, Word, Double word: PI[kch thc][a ch byte u tin] PIB20, PIW8, PID6 PQ[kch thc][a ch byte u tin] PQB20, PQW8, PQD6 2.5. Cu trc chng trnh. Chng trnh trong PLC c th c vit bao gm cc khi (block) gi l cc OB, FB, FC -OB: L chng trnh chnh, lun c gi khi CPU hot ng chy h iu hnh. -FB: L mt chng trnh con c vng cha d liu ring (DB), chng trnh con ny thc hin mt cng vic no v c gi t chng trnh chnh. -FC: L chng trnh con khng c vng nh cha d liu ring, bi vy cc thng tin s b mt khi kt thc chng trnh con ny, FC c gi t chng trnh chnh hoc cc FB.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Chng trnh con thng c vit thc hin cc cng vic lp i lp li. Cc chng trnh con v chng trnh chnh s to ra mt chng trnh c cu trc. 2.6. Nguyn l lm vic ca PLC CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra chng trnh c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin th t tng lnh trong chng trnh, s ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti cc thit b lin kt thc thi. V ton b cc hot ng thc thi u ph thuc vo chng trnh iu khin c gi trong b nh. PLC thc cht chy bng m my vi h thng s nh phn, do tc qut vng chng trnh c th t n vi phn ngn giy, cc Software ng lp trnh PLC tch hp c phn bin dch. Cc dng lnh khi lp trnh chng ta a t chng trnh vo th trnh bin dch s chuyn i sang m my v ghi tng bit 0 hay bit 1 ln ng vo v tr c a ch c quy c trc trong PLC ln PC c thc thi xy ra ngc li v trnh bin dch lm xong nhim v ca mnh trc khi tr chng trnh ln Monitor.. H thng Bus l tuyn dng truyn tn hiu, h thng gm nhiu ng tn hiu song song: + Address Bus: Bus a ch dng truyn a ch n cc Modul khc nhau. + Data Bus: Bus dng truyn d liu. + Control Bus: Bus iu khin dng truyn cc tn hiu nh th v iu khin ng b cc hot ng trong PLC. Trong PLC cc s liu c trao i gia b vi x l v cc modul vo ra thng qua Data Bus. Address Bus v Data Bus gm 8 ng, cng thi im cho php truyn 8 bit ca 1 byte mt cch ng thi hay song song. Nu mt modul u vo nhn c a ch ca n trn Address Bus, n s chuyn tt c trng thi u vo ca n vo Data Bus. Nu mt a ch byte ca 8 u ra xut hin trn Address Bus, modul u ra tng ng s nhn
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC c d liu t Data bus. Control Bus s chuyn cc tn hiu iu khin vo theo di chu trnh hot ng ca PLC. Cc a ch v s liu c chuyn ln cc Bus tng ng trong mt thi gian hn ch. H thng Bus s lm nhim v trao i thng tin gia CPU, b nh v I/O. Bn cch , CPU c cung cp mt xung Clock c tn s t 18 MHZ. Xung ny quyt nh tc hot ng ca PLC v cung cp cc yu t v nh thi, ng h ca h thng. Vng qut ca chng trnh: PLC thc hin cc cng vic (bao gm c chng trnh iu khin) theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l mt vng qut (scancycle). Mi vng qut c bt u bng vic chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1. Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on x l cc yu cu truyn thng (nu c) v kim tra trng thi ca CPU. Mi vng qut c th m t nh sau:

Ch : B m I v Q khng lin quan ti cc cng vo/ra tng t nn cc lnh truy nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cng vt l ch khng thng qua b m.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Thi gian cn thit cho PLC thc hin c mt vng qut c gi l thi gian vng qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c thc hin lu, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tu thuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu truyn thng. Trong vng qut . Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn hiu iu khin n i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu khin trong PLC. Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh cng cao. Nu s dng cc khi chng trnh c bit c ch ngt, v d khi OB40, OB80,... Chng trnh ca cc khi s c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt cng chng loi. Cc khi chng trnh ny c th thc hin ti mi vng qut ch khng phi b g p l phi trong giai on thc hin chng trnh. Chng hn mt tn hiu bo ngt xut hin khi PLC ang giai on truyn thng v kim tra ni b, PLC s tm dng cng vic truyn thng, kim tra, thc hin ngt nh vy, thi gian vng qut s cng ln khi cng c nhiu tn hiu ngt xut hin trong vng qut. Do nng cao tnh thi gian thc cho chng trnh iu khin, tuyt i khng nn vit chng trnh x l ngt qu di hoc qu lm dng vic s dng ch ngt trong chng trnh iu khin. Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b nh m ca cng trong vng nh tham s. Vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong giai on 1 v 3 do h iu hnh CPU qun l. mt s modul CPU, khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay lp tc h thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin vi cng vo/ra.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Chng 3: CC THIT B PHN CNG

3.1. Cc loi module trong h thng iu khin PLC. H PLC S7-300 c rt nhiu loi Modul, cc Modul ny c th s dng hay khng tu theo mc ch, yu cu cng ngh. Khi s dng cc Modul ny s c ghp ni thnh mt dy tun theo th t trn cc rack. Mi rack cha 8 module max (tr CPU v ngun). Mi CPU lm vic vi 4 rack max.

Cc loi Modul: PS, CPU, IM, DI, DO, DI/DO, AI, AO, AI/AO, CP, FM Modul CPU: L modul c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b thi gian, b m, cng truyn thng (chun tryn RS485) v c th cn c mt vi cng vo ra s (Digital). Cc cng vo ra c trn modul CPU c gi l cng vo ra onboard. Trong PLC S7-300 c nhiu loi modul CPU khc nhau. Ni chung chng c t tn theo b vi x l c trong n nh: CPU312, modul CPU 314, Modul CPU 315,... Nhng modul cng s dng mt loi b vi x l, nhng khc nhau v cng vo/ra onboard cng nh cc khi lm vic c bit c tch hp sn trong th vin ca h iu hnh phc v vic s dng cc cng vo/ra onboard ny s c phn bit vi nhau trong tn gi bng cch thm cm ch ci IFM (Intergated Function Module) v d CPU 312IM, modul CPU 314 IFM.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Ngoi ra c cc loi modul CPU vi hai cng truyn thng, trong cng truyn thng th hai c chc nng chnh l vic phc v ni mng phn tn. Tt nhin c ci sn trong h iu hnh cc loi Modul CPU c phn bit vi cc CPU khc bng thm cm t DP trong tn gi. V d Modul CPU 315-DP. Modul m rng: cc modul m rng c chia lm 5 loi chnh: 1/ PS(Power supply): modul ngun nui. C 3 loi 2A ,5A v 10A. 2/ SM: Modul m rng cng rn hiu vo ra , bao gm: a) DI(Digital input): Modul m rng cng vo s. S cc cng vo ca modul ny c th l 8, 16, 32 tu thuc vo tng loi modul. b) DO(Digital output) Modul m rng cng ra s. S cc cng ra ca modul ny c th l 8, 16, 32 tu thuc vo tng loi modul. c) DI/DO: (Digital input/ Digital output): modul m rng cc cng vo/ra s s cc cng vo/ra c th l 8 vo/8 ra hoc 16 vo/16 ra tu thuc vo tng loi modul. d) AI(Analog Input): Modul m rng cc cng vo tng t. V bn cht chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i tng t-s (AD), tc l mi tn hiu tng t c chuyn thnh mt tn hiu s (nguyn ) c di 12 bt, s cc cng vo c th l 2, 4 hoc 8 tu thuc vo tng loi Modul. e) AO(Analog ouput): Modul m rng cc cng ra tn hiu tng t. Chng chnh l cc b chuyn i s - tng t (DA). S cc cng ra tng t c th l 2 hoc 4 tu thuc tng loi modul. f) AI/AO (Analog input/Analog output): Modul m rng cc cng vo ra tng t. S cc cng c th l 4 vo/2 ra hoc 4 vo/4 ra tu thuc vo tng loi modul. 3/ IM (Interface module): Modul ghp ni. y l loi modul chuyn dng c nhim v ni tng nhm cc modul m rng li vi nhau thnh mt khi v c qun l chung bi mt modul CPU. Thng thng cc modul m rng c g lin vi nhau trn mt thanh gi l Rack. Trn mi mt Rack ch c th g c nhiu nht 8 modul m rng (khng k modul CPU, Modul ngun nui). Mt modul CPU S7-300 c th lm vic trc tip c vi nhiu nht 4 Racks v cc Racks ny phi c ni vi nhau bng modul IM.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4/ FM (Function modul): modul c chc nng iu khin ring , v d Modul chc nng iu khin ng c bc , modul iu khin ng c Servo, modul PID, modul iu khin vng kn. 5/ CP (communication modul): Modul phc v truyn thng trong mng gia cc PLC vi nhau hoc gia PLC vi my tnh. 3.2. Thit lp cu hnh cng. - Thit lp cu hnh cng nhm mc ch khai bo cho CPU bit cc module c s dng trong h thng. - Thit lp cu hnh cng phi c thc hin khi bt u vit chng trnh ln u tin.

3.3. Xc nh a ch cc module v trao i d liu. Sau khi thit lp cu hnh cng cc module s c cp pht cc vng nh trao i d liu vi CPU.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

- Cc ch lm vic. + RUN_P: chy chng trnh, c ghi c t my lp trnh. + RUN: chy chng trnh, khng c ghi. + STOP: dng chng trnh. + MRES: reset h thng - n bo trng thi. + SF:lihthng + BATF: li ht pin hoc khng c pin. + DC5V: bo ngun + FRCE: bo li chc nng 1 trong cc I/O + RUN: nhp nhy khi khi ng v sng khi hot ng. + STOP: sng khi dng, chp khi yu cu reset, chp nhanh khi ang reset.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Chng 4 . NGN NG LP TRNH

4.1. Quy trnh thit k h thng iu khin t ng vi PLC.
4.1.1. Xc nh quy trnh iu khin. iu u tin cn bit l i tng iu khin ca h thng, mc ch chnh ca PLC l phi iu khin c cc thit b ngoi vi. Cc chuyn ng ca i tng iu khin c kim tra thng xuyn bi cc thit b vo, cc thit b ny gi tn hiu vo PLC v tip PLC s a tn hiu iu khin n cc thit b iu khin chuyn ng ca i tng. 4.1.2. Xc nh tn hiu vo ra. Bc th 2 l phi xc nh v tr kt ni gia cc thit b vo ra vi PLC. Thit b vo c th l tip im, cm bin.Thit b ra c th l rle in t, mt, nMi v tr kt ni c nh s tng t ng vi PLC s dng 4.1.3. Son tho chng trnh. Chng trnh iu khin c son tho di dng lu hnh thang. 4.1.4. Np chng trnh vo b nh. Cp ngun cho PLC, ci t cu hnh khi giao tip i/O nu cn. Sau np chng trnh son tho trn mn hnh vo b nh ca PLC. Sau khi hon tt nn kin tra li bng chc nng chun on v nu c th th chy chng trnh m phng ca h thng. 4.1.5. Chy chng trnh. Trc khi khi ng h thng cn phi chc chn dy ni t PLC n cc thit b ngoi vi l ng. Trong qu trnh chy kin tra c th cn thit thc hin cc bc chnh h thng nhm m bo an ton khi a vo hot ng thc.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Xc nh cc yu cu ca h thng

Kt ni cc thit b I/O vo PLC

V lu iu khin

Kim tra dy ni

Lit k cc thit b I/O tng ng vi cc u I/O ca PLC

Chy th chng trnh

Son tho chng trnh

Kim tra

Np chng trnh vo PLC

NO

Chy tt ?

YES

Sa cha chng trnh

Np vo EPROM

Chy m phng v tm li

To ti liu chng trnh

NO

YES

Chy tt ?

Chm dt

Qui trnh thit k mt h thng iu khin t ng

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.2. Cc ngn ng lp trnh. 4.2.1. Ngn ng lp trnh LAD: Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD (Ladder Logic) Vi loi ngn ng ny rt thch hp vi ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic. Chng trnh c vit di dng lin kt gia cc cng tc: vd:

4.2.2. Ngn ng lp trnh FBD: Ngn ng hnh khi, k hiu l FBD (Function Block Diagram). Loi ngn ng ny thch hp cho nhng ngi quen s dng v thit k mch iu khin s. Chng trnh c vit di dng lin kt ca cc hm logic k thut s: Vd:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.2.3. Ngn ng lp trnh STL Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement List). y l ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung l: "tn lnh" + "ton hng". Mt s lnh c bit th c th ch c tn lnh m khng cn ton hng. V d:

4.2.4. Mt s quy c trong ngn ng LAD: Tip im: Chng trnh trong PLC s dng cc bit ging nh cc tip im, c hai loi tip im l thng m (NO) v thng ng (NC). -Tip im thng m s ng khi bit a ch ca tip im ny c gi tr bng 1 v m khi bit a ch ca tip im c gi tr bng 0. -Tip im thng ng s m khi bit a ch ca tip im ny c gi tr bng 1 v ng trong trng hp ngc li. - Cun dy: Ging nh cun dy r le, n s c kch hot khi tt c tip im pha trc ng, khi bit a ch ca phn t ny c gi tr bng 1. Ta cng c th s dng cc tip im ca bit a ch ny ti cc v tr khc trong chng trnh. - Khi: Khi trong chng trnh PLC c nhiu chc nng khc nhau, mt khi s thc hin chc nng ny khi c tn hiu u vo ca khi, chc nng ca khi c th l b thi gian, b m, hm ton hc
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.3. Nhm cu lnh LOGIC. 4.3.1. Hm AND: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L FBD LAD STL

- Tn hiu ra Q4.0 s bng 1 khi ng thi tn hiu I0.0=1 v I0.1=1. - D liu vo v ra : Vo: I0.0, I0.1: BOOL Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL - V d: Mt ng c ko bng ti hot ng khi n v gi ng thi hai nt n S1 v S2: Chng trnh:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.3.2.Hm OR: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D,L. FBD LAD STL

- Tn hiu ra s bng 1 khi t nht c mt tn hiu vo bng 1. - D liu vo v ra: Vo : I0.0, I0.1: BOOL Ra : Q4.0: BOOL - V d: Mt bng n c bt sng khi bt mt trong hai cng tc S1 hoc S2

4.3.3.Hm NOT: FBD LAD STL

- Tn hiu ra s l nghich o ca tn hiu vo. - D liu vo v ra: Vo : I0.0 : BOOL Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.3.4.Hm XOR: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D,L. FBD LAD STL

- Tn hiu ra Q4.0 = 1 khi I0.0 khc I0.2 - D liu vo v ra: Vo: I0.0, I0.1 : BOOL Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL - V d: iu khin bng n cu thang hai tng bng hai cng tc S1 v S2. Nu mt trong hai cng tc c bt th n sang

4.3.5.Lnh xo RESET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L. FBD LAD STL

- Tn hiu ra Q4.0 = 0 (Q4.0 s c xo ) khi I0.0 =1 . - D liu vo v ra:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Vo: I0.0 : BOOL Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL 4.3.6.Lnh SET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L. FBD LAD STL

- Tn hiu ra Q4.0 = 1 (Q4.0 s c thit lp ) khi I0.0 =1. - D liu vo v ra: Vo I0.0 : BOOL Ra Q4.0 : BOOL 4.3.7. Cu lnh ly sn dng. FBD LAD STL A I 0.7 FP M 0.0 = Q 0.4

- Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu u vo bit I0.7 th u ra Q0.4 ln mc 1. 4.3.8. Cu lnh ly sn m. STL A I 0.7 FN M 0.0 = Q 0.4 - Ti thi im sn xung ca tn hiu u vo bit I0.7 th u ra Q0.4 ln mc 1. 4.3.9 Cu lnh RS: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L. FBD LAD STL FBD LAD

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC - Khi I0.0 = 1 v I0.1 = 0 Merker M0.0 b Reset v u ra Q4.0 l "0". Nu I0.0 = 0 v I0.1 = 1 th Set cho M0.0 v u ra Q4.0 l "1". - Khi c hai u vo Set v Reset cng ng thi =1 th M0.0 v Q4.0 c gi tr l "1". - D liu vo v ra: Vo I0.0, I0.1 : BOOL Ra Q4.0 : BOOL 4.3.10. Cu lnh SR: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L FBD LAD STL

- Khi I0.0 = 1 v I0.1 = 0 th Set cho Merker M0.0 v u ra Q4.0 l "1". - Nu I0.0 = 0 v I0.0 = 1 th M0.0 b Reset v u ra Q4.0 l "0". - Khi c hai u vo Set v Reset cng ng thi =1 th M0.0 v Q4.0 c gi tr l "0". - D liu vo v ra: Vo I0.0, I0.1 : BOOL Ra Q4.0 : BOOL Ch : Trong k thut s trng thi ca trig RS s b cm khi R=1 v S=1. Nn y c hai loi b nh RS v SR l loi Trig u tin S hay u tin R. V d: iu khin m my ng c khng ng b 3 pha. n nt S1 m my, tt bng nt n S2:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

4.4. B thi gian 4.4.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca b Timer. B thi gian Timer l b to thi gian tr T mong mun gia tn hiu logic u vo X(t) v u ra Y(t)

S7-300 c 5 kiu thi gian Timer khc nhau. Tt c 5 loi Timer ny cng bt u to thi gian tr tn hiu k t thi im c sn ln ca tn hiu kch u vo, tc l khi c tn hiu u vo U(t) chuyn trng thi t logic "0" ln logic"1", c gi l thi im Timer c kch. Thi gian tr T mong mun c khai bo vi Timer bng gi tr 16 bits bao gm hai thnh phn: - phn gii vi n v l mS. Timer ca S7 c 4 loi phn gii khc nhau l 10ms, 100ms, 1s v 10s. - Mt s nguyn BCD trong khong t 0 n 999 c gi l PV (Preset Value- gi tr t trc).
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Nh vy thi gian tr T mong mun s c tnh nh sau: T = phn gii x PV. Ty theo ngn ng lp trnh m c th khai bo thi gian tr theo hai cch sau: Cch 1: S5t#...h...m...s: Cch khai bo ny dng c cho cc loi ngn ng lp trnh Step 7 Cch 2: L W#16#1350, cch khai bo ny ch dng c cho ngn ng STL xc nh c phn gii trong cch khai bo th nht ta c th tnh nh sau: p dng cng thc tnh: T = phn gii x PV; trong PV l s nguyn ln nht c th nm trong khong 0-999. Nh vy, nu khai bo s5t#5s th c th tnh nh sau: 5s=10mS x 500, vy phn gii l 10mS. Vi cch khai bo ny ta khng th thay i c phn gii v phn mm Step7 t gn cho n phn gii. Vi cch khai bo th 2 ta c th la chn phn gii ty . V d mun khai bo khong thi gian tr l 5s ta c th khai bo nh sau: W#16#1050 hoc W#16#2005. Trong , ch s 1 hoc 2 l phn gii c quy nh theo bng sau: 0 1 2 3 10ms 100ms 1s 10s

Cn ba ch s ng sau l gi tr t. Nh vy, trong v d trn vi cng mt gi tr thi gian tr 5s ta c th t c phn gii l 100ms hoc 1s. Ngay ti thi im kch Timer, gi tr PV c chuyn vo thanh ghi 16 bits ca Timer T-Word ( gi l thanh ghi CV- Curren value- gi tr tc thi). Timer s ghi nh khong thi gian tri qua k t khi kch bng cch gim dn mt cch tng ng ni dung thanh ghi CV. Nu ni dung thanh ghi CV tr v bng 0 th
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Timer t c thi gian mong mun T v iu ny c bo ra ngoi bng cch thay i trng thi tn hiu u ra Y(t). Vic thng bo ra ngoi bng cch i trng thi tn hiu du ra Y(t) nh th no cn ph thuc vo loi Timer c s dng. Bn cnh sn ln ca tn hiu u vo U(t), Timer cn c th kch bng sn ln ca tn hiu kch ch ng c tn l tn hiu ENABLE nu nh ti thi im c sn ln ca tn hiu ENABLE, tn hiu u vo U(t) c gic l "1". Tng loi Timer c nh s t 0 n 255 (tu thuc vo tng loi CPU). Mt Timer c t tn l Tx, trong x l s hiu ca Timer ( 0<=x<=255). K hiu Tx cng ng thi l tn hiu hnh thc ca thanh ghi CV (T -Word) v u ra T-bits ca Timer . Tuy chng c cng a ch hnh thc, nhng TWord v T -bits vn c phn bit vi nhau nh kiu lnh s dng ton hng Tx. Khi dng lm vic vi t Tx c hiu l T-Word cn khi lm vic vi im thi Tx c hiu l T-bit. xa tc thi trng thi ca T-word v T-bit ngi ta s dng mt tn hiu reset Timer. Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu ny gi tr T-Word v T-bit ng thi c gi tr bng 0 tc l thanh ghi tc thi CV c t v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng c trng thi Logic l "0". Trong thi gian tn hiu Reset c gi tr logic l "1" Timer s khng lm vic. 4.4.2. Khai bo s dng: Cc tn hiu iu khin cho mt b Timer phi c khai bo bao gm cc bc sau: - Khai bo tn hiu ENABLE nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch. - Khai bo tn hiu u vo U(t). - Khai bo thi gian tr mong mun TV. - Khai bo loi Timer c s dng (SP, SE, SD, SS, SF). - Khai bo tn hiu xo Timer nu mun s dng ch Reset ch ng.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Trong cc bc trn th bc 1 v 5 c th b qua. - Dng d liu vo / ra ca b Timer: S : BOOL TW: S5TIME R : BOOL BI : WORD BCD : WORD Q : BOOL

1. B thi gian SP (S_PULSE) (khng nh ) - Khai bo FBD LAD STL

- Nguyn l lm vic: Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET thi gian s c tnh ng thi gi tr Logic u ra l "1". Khi thi gian t kt thc gi tr u ra cng tr v 0.

Gin thi gian ca b to tr kiu SP.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr l "0". - Trng hp khng s dng cc tn hiu u vo SET(S), RESET ( R), BI v BCD ta s dng khi Timer SP sau:

Tn hiu u vo I0.0 chnh l tn hiu kch.S5T#2s l thi gian t 2s Tn hiu ra ca b thi gian tc ng ti u ra Q4.0

V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha i ni Y/, hot ng theo nguyn tc sau: n nt Start kha K1 c in cp in cho h thng, ng thi K2 cng c in ng c hot ng ch Y, sau thi gian 5s kha K3 c in ng c hot ng ch . n nt Stop h thng dng. 2. B thi gian SE.( S_PEXT c nh tn hiu SET) - Khai bo FBD LAD STL

- Nguyn l lm vic:
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET cui cng b thi gian c thit lp v thi gian s c tnh ng thi gi tr Logic u ra l "1". Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s tr v 0.

Gin thi gian khi SE Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng c gi tr l "0". V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin bng n hot ng nh sau: n nt S n sng sau thi gian 10s bng n t tt. 3. B thi gian SD.(S_ODT khng nh tn hiu SET) - Khai bo FBD LAD STL

- Nguyn l lm vic: - Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp v thi gian s c tnh. Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s c gi tr l "1". Khi tn
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC hiu u vo kch S l "0" u ra cng lp tc tr v "0" ngha l tn hiu u ra s khng c duy tr khi tn hiu kch c gi tr l "0".

Gin thi gian SD. - Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v "0" v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr l "0" - Trng hp khng s dng cc tn hiu u vo SET(S), RESET ( R), BI vBCD ta s dng khi Timer SD sau:

Tn hiu u vo I0.0 l tn hiu kch. S5T#2s l thi gian t 2s Tn hiu ra ca b thi gian tc ng ti u ra Q4.0 V d: n cng tc Start sau 5s xi lanh i ra, tt cng tc xi lanh i vo

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

4. B thi gian SS:( S_ODTS c nh) - Khai bo FBD LAD STL

- Nguyn l lm vic: Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp v thi gian s c tnh. Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s c gi tr 1 gi tr ny vn duy tr ngay c khi tn hiu u vo kch S c gi tr l 0. Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr l "0".

Gin thi gian hm SS.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC - Trng hp khng s dng cc tn hiu u vo SET(S), RESET (R), BI v BCD ta s dng khi Timer SS sau: Tn hiu u vo I0.0 l tn hiu kch. S5T#2s l thi gian t 2s Tn hiu ra ca b thi gian tc ng ti u ra Q4.0

- V d: Mt bng n D c bt theo yu cu sau: n nt S1 sau 5s bng n sng, tt n bng nt n S2

5. B thi gian SF(S_OFFDT) - Khai bo FBD LAD STL

- Nguyn l lm vic: - Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp. Tn hiu u ra c gi tr l 1. Nhng thi gian s c tnh thi im sn xung cui cng ca tn hiu u vao SET(S). Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s tr v 0.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Gin thi gian hm SF - Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr l "0". - Trng hp khng s dng cc tn hiu u vo SET(S), RESET ( R), BI v BCD ta s dng khi Timer SF sau: Tn hiu I0.0 l tn hiu kch Thi gian t S5T#2s l 2s Hm thi gian s tc ng ti u ra Q4.0

- V d: Mt ng c c iu khin hot ng theo nguyn tc sau: Bt cng tc S1 ng c hot ng, ng c dng li sau 5s khi tt cng tc S 1 hoc dng li ngay khi n nt S2.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

4.5. Nhm cu lnh so snh v di chuyn d liu. 4.5.1. Nhm hm so snh s nguyn 16 bit: - Khai bo: FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng so snh bng nhau C cc dng so snh hai s nguyn 16 bits nh sau : - Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: == - Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <> - Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: > - Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: < - Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: >= - Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <= - Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MW0 = MW2.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.5.2. Nhm hm so snh hai s nguyn 32 bits: - Khai bo FBD LAD STL

Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MD0 = MD4. - Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: == - Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <> - Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: > - Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: < - Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: >= - Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <= 4.5.3. Nhm hm so snh cc s thc 32 bits. - Khai bo: FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng so snh hai s thc.Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MD0 < MD4 . Cc dng so snh hai s thc 32 bits nh sau : - Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: == - Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: <> - Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s thc 32 bits: >
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC - Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s thc 32 bits: < - Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: >= - Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s thc 32bits: <= 4.5.4. Cu lnh di chuyn d liu. FBD LAD STL

- Nguyn l hot ng: Khi c tn hu kch I0.0 khi Copy c thit lp , tn hiu u ra ENO l Q4.0 =1. ng thi s liu u vo IN l MW0 c Copy sang u ra OUT l MW2. Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 0 tn hiu u ra Q4.0 = 0. Trong trng hp mun thay i s liu trong b nh (tc l thay i gi tr trong MW2) ta c th khng cn s dng tn hiu kch I0.0. 4.6. Cu lnh b m 4.6.1.Nguyn l lm vic: Counter thc hin chc nng m ti cc sn ln ca cc xung u vo. S7 300 c ti a l 256 b m ph thuc vo tng loi CPU, k hiu bi Cx. Trong x l s nguyn trong khong t 0 n 255. Trong S7-300 c 3 loi b m thng s dng nht l : B m tin li (CUD), b m tin (CU)v b m li (CD). Mt b m tng qut c th c m t nh sau: CU : BOOL l tn hiu m tin CD : BOOL l tn hiu m li S : BOOL l tn hiu t PV : WORD l gi tr t trc S khi b m Counter R : BOOL l tn hiu xo CV : WORD L gi tr m h m 16 CV_BCD: WORD l gi tr m h m BCD
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Q : BOOL L tn hiu ra . Qu trnh lm vic ca b m c m t nh sau: S sn xung m c, c ghi vo thanh ghi 2 Byte ca b m, gi l thanh ghi C-Word. Ni dung ca thanh ghi C-Word c gi l gi tr m tc thi ca b m v k hiu bng CV v CV_BCD. B m bo trng thi ca C-Word ra ngoi C-bit qua chn Q ca n. Nu CV <> 0 , C-bit c gi tr "1". Ngc li khi CV = 0, C- bit nhn gi tr 0. CV lun l gi tr khng m. B m s khng m li khi CV = 0. i vi Counter, gi tr t trc PV ch c chuyn vo C-Word ti thi im xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu t ti chn S. B m s c xo tc thi bng tn hiu xo R (Reset). Khi b m c xa c C-Word v C- bit u nhn gi tr 0. 4.6.2.Khai bo s dng Vic khai bo s dng mt Counter bao gm cc bc sau: - Khai bo tn hiu Enable nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch m (S): dng d liu BOOL - Khai bo tn hiu u vo m tin CU : dng d liu BOOL - Khai bo tn hiu u vo m li CD : dng d liu BOOL - Khai bo gi tr t trc PV: dng d liu WORD - Khai bo tn hiu xo: dng d liu BOOL - Khai bo tn hiu ra CV nu mun ly gi tr m tc thi h 16. dng d liu WORD - Khai bo tn hiu ra CV-BCD nu mun ly gi tr m tc thi h BCD dng d liu WORD - Khai bo u ra Q nu mun ly tn hiu tc ng ca b m. dng d liu BOOL Trong cn ch cc tn hiu sau bt buc phi khai bo: Tn ca b m cn s dng, tn hiu kch m CU hoc CD.

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 1.B m tin : CU FBD Error! Objects cannot be created from editing field codes. LAD Error! Objects cannot be created from editing field codes. STL Error! Objects cannot be created from editing field codes.

S khi b m tin. -Nguyn l hot ng: Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t "0" ln "1" b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u ra Q4.0 =1 . B m s thc hin m tin ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CU khi tn hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln "1" Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R (I0.3) B m s ch m n gi tr <= 999. 2.B m li: CD FBD LAD STL Error! Objects Error! Objects cannot be Error! Objects cannot be cannot be created from editing field created from editing field created from codes. codes. editing field codes. S khi b m li. -Nguyn l hot ng: Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t "0" ln "1" b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u ra Q4.0 =1 . B m s thc hin m li ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CD khi tn hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln"1" Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R (I0.3).
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC B m s ch m n gi tr >= 0. 3. B m tin li CUD. -S khi : FBD LAD STL

S khi b m tin li. -Nguyn l hot ng: Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t 0 ln 1b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u ra Q4.0 =1 . B m s thc hin m tin ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CU khi tn hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln "1" B m s m li ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn I0.1 khi tn hiu chuyn t "0" ln "1" Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R ( I0.3) 4.7.Cc cu lnh chuyn i kiu d liu. Trong ngn ng lp trnh ca S7-300 c mt s kiu d liu khc nhau nh: - S nguyn 16 bits (Interger) - S nguyn 32 bits (DI) - S nguyn dng BCD. - S thc REAL - v mt s dng d liu khc .
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Khi lm vic vi nhiu dng d liu khc nhau cho ta vn cn phi chuyn i chng. V d khi c tn hiu t cng vo tng t ta nhn c s liu dng nguyn 16 bits mang gi tr tn hiu tng t ch khng phi bn thn gi tr , bi vy x l tp th cn thit phi chuyn i s nguyn thnh ng gi tr thc, du phy ng ca tn hiu tng t cng. Ta c mt s hm chuyn i cc dng d liu nh sau: 4.7.1.Hm chuyn s BCD thnh s s nguyn 16 bits: FBD LAD STL

Chuyn i s BCD sang dng s nguyn 16 bits. D liu vo v ra:

EN: BOOL OUT: INT IN: WORD ENO: BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm thc hin chc nng chuyn s BCD (MW10) sang s nguyn ri ct vo MW12. Khi tin hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng chuyn i. 4.7.2. Hm chuyn i s nguyn 16 bits sang dng BCD. FBD LAD STL

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Chuyn i s nguyn sang s BCD. D liu vo v ra:

EN: BOOL IN: INT OUT: BCD ENO: BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm thc hin chc nng chuyn s nguyn 16 bits (MW10) sang s BCD ri ct vo MW12. Khi tin hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng chuyn i. 4.7.3. Hm chuyn i s nguyn 16 bits sang s nguyn 32 bits: FBD LAD STL

Chuyn i s nguyn 16 bits sang s nhuyn 32 bits. D liu vo v ra:

EN: BOOL OUT: DINT IN: INT ENO: BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm thc hin chc nng chuyn s nguyn 16 bits (MW10) sang s nguyn 32 bits ri ct vo MW12.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng chuyn i. 4.7.4.Chuyn i s BCD sang s nguyn 32 bits: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm thc hin chc nng chuyn s BCD (MW10) sang s nguyn 32 bits ri ct vo MW12. Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng chuyn i.

FBD

LAD

STL

Chuyn s BCD sang s nguyn 32 bits -Kiu d liu vo/ra:

EN: BOOL OUT: DINT IN: DWORD ENO: BOOL.

4.8.Cc hm ton hc: 4.8.1. Nhm hm lm vic vi s nguyn 16 bits:

1/ Cng hai s nguyn 16 bits: FBD LAD STL

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Khi thc hin chc nng cng hai s nguyn 16 bits. D liu vo v ra: EN: BOOL IN1: INT IN2: INT OUT: INT ENO: BOOL Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s nguyn 16 bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. 2/ Tr hai s nguyn 16 bits: FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng tr hai s nguyn 16 bits D liu vo v ra:
EN : IN2: BOOL INT IN1: INT OUT: INT ENO: BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s nguyn 16 bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 3/ Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bits: FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s 16 bits. D liu vo v ra:
EN: IN2: BOOL INT IN1: INT OUT: IN ENO: BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s nguyn 16 bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. 4/ Chia hai s nguyn 16 bits: FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng chia hai s nguyn 16 bits Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s nguyn 16 bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 4.3.2.Nhm hm lm vic vi s nguyn 32 bits: 1/ Cng hai s nguyn 32 bits: D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL IN1: DINT ENO: BOOL IN2: DINT OUT: DINT

FBD

LAD

STL

Khi thc hin chc nng cng hai s nguyn 32 bits Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s nguyn 32 bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. 2/ Tr hai s nguyn 32 bits: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s nguyn 32 bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.

FBD

LAD

STL

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Khi thc hin chc nng tr hai s nguyn 32 bits D liu vo v ra:
EN: IN2: BOOL DIN IN1: DINT ENO: BOOL OUT: DINT

3/ Nhn hai s nguyn 32 bits: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s nguyn 32 bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s nguyn 32 bit D liu vo v ra:
EN: IN2: BOOL DINT IN1: DINT OUT: DINT ENO: BOOL

4/ Chia hai s nguyn 32 bits : Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s nguyn 32 bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL IN1: DINT

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

IN2: DINT OUT: DINT ENO: BOOL

FBD

LAD

STL

Khi thc hin chc nng chia hai s nguyn 32 bits 4.3.3.Nhm hm lm vic vi s thc: 1/ Cng hai s thc: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s thc MD0 + MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng cng hai s thc D liu vo v ra:
EN: IN2: BOOL REAL IN1: REAL OUT: REAL ENO: BOOL

2/ Hm tr hai s thc: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s thc MD0 - MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. FBD LAD STL
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Khi thc hin chc nng tr hai s thc. D liu vo v ra:

EN: IN2: BOOL REAL IN1: REAL OUT: REAL ENO: BOOL

3/ Nhn hai s thc: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s thc MD0 . MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10. FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s thc. Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. D liu vo v ra:
EN: IN2: BOOL REAL IN1: REAL OUT: REAL ENO: BOOL

4/ Chia hai s thc: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s thc MD0 : MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s thc D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL IN2: REAL ENO: BOOL IN1: REAL OUT: REAL

5/ Hm ly gi tr tuyt i : ABS FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng ly gi tr thuyt i. D liu vo v ra:

EN: BOOL OUT: REAL IN: REAL ENO: BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng ly ga tr tuyt i ca MD8 ri ct vo MD12 Khi tn hiu vao I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. V d: MD8= -6,234 x 10-3 thi sau khi thc hin chc nng ABS gi tr MD12 = 6,234 x 10-3.
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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC 6/ Hm SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN: Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng tinh SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN ca MD0 ri ct vo MD10. Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng. FBD LAD STL

Khi thc hin chc nng tnh hm Sin. D liu vo v ra:

EN: BOOL OUT: REAL IN: REAL ENO: BOOL

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC BI TP NG DNG

Bi 1: Lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iu khin bng ngn ng Lad.

iu khin 3 bng ti M1, M2 v M3 hot ng theo yu cu sau:

+ Khi nhn nt n S1 bng ti M3 hot ng, M2 v M1 ln lt hot ng sau 5s. + Khi nhn nt n S2 bng ti M1 dng, M2 v M3 ln lt dng sau 5s. + Khi nhn nt n D h thng dng khn cp. Bi 2: S dng mt xy lanh kh nn y phi ra khi ng cha phi, n nt S1, xy lanh i ra y phi ra, n nt S2, xy lanh i v. Hy hon thnh s in, s kh nn v lp trnh cho PLC thc hin yu cu iu khin trn (s dng S7-300 Siemens, xy lanh tc ng kp v van 5/2 hai cun dy). Yu cu: Thit k cc s mch. Lp bng symbol Vit chng trnh iu khin.
out S1 in S2

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Bi 3: Cho mch iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 khi ng i ni Y/ ( ng c chy ch Y trong thi gian 5s). Yu cu: - Thit k s mch ng lc, mch iu khin, lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iukhin bng ngn ng Lad. Bi 4: S dng mt xy lanh kh nn y phi ra khi cha. Khi n nt S1, xy lanh i ra, xy lanh t ng li li khi c phi tc ng vo cng tc hnh trnh S2 v xy lanh cui hnh trnh pht hin bi cm bin t tim cn B3. Xy lanh c iu khin bi van in t 5/2 hai cun dy. Hy v s kh nn, s in v vit chng trnh cho PLC S7-300 thc hin thc hin yu cu iu khin trn. Yu cu: Thit k cc s mch. Lp bng symbol Vit chng trnh iu khin.
out S1

Bi 5: C ba bng ti vn chuyn nhin liu, trn cc bng ti u c nt n BT v TT. Ch khi ng (BT) c cc bng ti theo chiu t BT3 n BT1 v dng (TT) theo chiu ngc li. Yu cu: Thit k cc s mch in. Lp bng symbol Vit chng trnh iu khin.

Bi 6: Cho mch iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha khi ng qua 2 cp in tr ph (cc in tr ln lt c ngt vi thi gian tr 5s). Yu cu:

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 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

- Thit k s mch in, lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iu khin bng ngn ng Lad, s dng cu lnh thi gian. Bi 7: ng c khng ng b c su u dy ra cho php i ni ni Y/ . Lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iu khin ng c nh sau: n nt MY ng c khi ng theo s ni Y, n nt khi ng M ng theo s ni . Tuy nhin ch cho php khi ng n nt dng D ng c dng li. Bi 8: Thit k mch lc, mch iu khin, lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha, o chiu trc tip. Bi 9: Mt Gara t c th cha c 100 xe, khi mt t vo, s lng xe s tng ln 1, mt t ra, s lng xe gim i 1, ca vo c 3 n bo: Xanh ( c th cho xe vo), ( 100 xe), Vng ( Gara khng c xe). Hy lp trnh cho S7300 thc hin nhim v trn. ng c khi sau khi khi ng ni Y.

Bi 10: Lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iu khin 5 ng c hot ng nh sau: Cc ng c ln lt hot ng tng ng vi s ln tc ng nt n S1. Cc ng c ln lt dng tng ng vi s ln tc ng nt n S2. Tt c cc ng c u dng khi nt n D c tc ng. B mn C in T - Khoa C kh i hc SPKT Hng Yn 63

 CNG BI GING LP TRNH PLC

Bi 11: V cc s in, lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iu khin. iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha o chiu trc tip. Bi 12: Mt bng ti vn chuyn sn phm hot ng nh sau: Khi ng bng nt n START, dng bng nt n STOP hay khi vn chuyn c 1000 sn phm. Yu cu: Lp bng Symbols, vit chng trnh iukhin bng ngn ng Lad.

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