TIENG ANH - NHOUNG DIEU CAN BAN Baia: TU L DANH TU (NOUN) TY Dank fain duge 1.1 Hin thite 66 it: a/an +N a" ditng trude N 36 ft bit ddu bing mot phy am. book, a pen, ... = an” ding trvac N s6 ft bat dau bang mot nguyén am. Ex: an apple, an orange, an egg, an island, 1.2 Hinh thitc s6 nhibu: 1.2.1 Hgp quy thc: N s/es Ex: books, pens, boxes 1.22 Bat quy the: $6 it ~> $6 nhidu ‘aman—men ‘a woman—>women ‘a datum — data “a foot—> feet “a tooth —>teeth “a mouse—> mice *a phenomenon—> phenomena “a child children *abacterium—>bacteria ta goose —>geese ‘a curriculum—>curricula ‘a person» people “a criterion criteria *a louse—lice 1.2.3 Danh ti ludn c6 hinh thife va mang nghia sé nhidu: clothes, scissors, spectaclés, shorts, pants, jeans, trousers, pyjamas, binoculars, belongings, 1.24 Dank ti 56 it va s6'nhibu c6 hinh thet giding nhau: sheep, deer, aircfaftcraft, fish, ... 1.25 Danh ti a 86 nhibu: police, cattle, people, ..(xei, 1.26 Dank news, mathem 2) Danh tir khong’ dé, im due teye tip (rn ‘sugar, butter, salt, bread, luggage, healthknowledge, equi ~ Khong diing véi a/an/one/two... = C6 thé di vdi tix chi don vi dinh lugng + of: @ bottle of milk, two litters of water, a loaf of bread, three sheets of paper,four pieces of chalk, a bar of chocolate, a gallon of petrol, ... 3) Dank tit vita dém duge vita khong dém duige: Mot sO danh tit trong truting hop nay la dém duige hung trong truting hyp khéc lai khng dém duge, én dutge—> Khong dém duge *a glass (mot ci li) glass (thuiy tinh) “two papers (2 td bio) paper (gidy) “three coffees (ba téch ci phé) —> coffee (ca phe) shwo sugars (2 muéng duong) —>sugar (dung) TINH TU (ADJECTIVE) f) Vi tr cia tinh ti: 6.1 Truée dank tt: Ex: She is a beautiful girl. 62 Sau dank tit: a) Chi sit do luting, tuéi tac: Nq Ex: This table is two meters long, He's twenty years old, b) Tinh tir c6 tip dau nga “a”: asleep (dang ng), ablaze (bing chéy), afloat (néi), alight (biing séng), awake (thitc), alive (con sOng), alike (gi6ng nhaw), ... Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor. ©) Tinh ter bé ngat cho tiie tit Ex: We should keep our room clean. 63 Sau Linking verbs: be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, tum, appear Ex: It becomes hot today. 64 Sau dai tt bit dinh: something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything, everyone/body, nothing, no one, nobody Ex: Do you have anything impor 65 Sau trang tt: Ex: Your story is very 3) Trat ty cila cée LY kién nice, g pt6 tell me? ‘hinoi chén Vietnamese, English, French 4) Tinh tit dang nhue dank tu: (xem them Bai 3, 11,5) THE + ADJ --> NOUN the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the strong, the weak, the hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled, 3 ENCE ge ate aged ‘The rich should help the poor. 5 Ptantt dang nhie tinh tit Tinh ttn edng bing -ING —>-ED “amazing > amazed Yamusing amused “boring —>bored *confusing confused “depressing depressed ‘deserving > deserved ‘exciting excited “frightening —> frightened “disappointing —> disappointed “tiring tired “distinguishing distinguished “pleasing — pleased “encouraging—> encouraged “relaxing —> relaxed “interesting —interested “satisfying —> satistied “shocking — shocked “surprising surprised 1.1 inh: thie hign-tai-phn-tte-CING): Di&n-ta-nhinr thifc cia ngudi noi v8 ngudi/viee gi dé. Ex; That film is interesting. (BQ phim 46 hay.) (Nguoi xem nhan thay bd phim hay.) ° He is boring. He always talks about the same things.(Hin ta chén that, Hn Iudn ban vé nhiing tht gidng mhau.) (Ngudi nghe nhan thay hén ta chén.) 1.2 Hin thife qué Khuf phan ttt (ed): Din ta cd gide ‘cia ngudi n6i do ngubi/viee gi dé dem lai. T am.confused about the question. (T6i bi béi r6i ve cfu hai.) (Cu hdi lam t6i B63 16.) I}, TRANG TU (ADVERB) Phan loai trang ti 1.1 Trang tit chi thé céch: = Cho ta biét mot hanh dong duige the hign nhut thé nao é trd Idi cho cau hdi HOW? = Céch thanh lap: ADJ + LY (mot efch ...) “angrily gin gid "anxiously lo lng *brightly tui sing “badly dé, t@ “carefully cfin than ‘colorfully sic 63 “easily d8 dang * fluently tr6i chay “happily hanh phiic “heavily nang né “loudly Ami, inh di *nervously héi hop “peacefully hod binh *quickly nhanh nhen “quietly yén tinh ‘rapidly nhanh chong “safely an toin ‘sensibly hyp ly “slowly chm chap “stupidly ngu ng6c "warmly &m 4p + LUU ¥: - fast (nhanh), early (66m), late (tr8), hard (cham chi) vita la tinh t vita 18 trang ti. ‘Tinh ti Jack is a very fast He hasn't been to the cinema latel (Gan day anh ta khong di xem phith. “hard (chim chi) - hardly (hdu nhut khong) Tve worked very hard. (TOI lam vige rit cha She's hardly got any money left, (Co dy hu nhu khong con tién.) + MQt sO tinh tiy tin cing -ly: lovely (d8 thuong), lively (sng dong), ugly (xu x), silly (ngé ngiin). Nhang tit nay Khong phai la trang ti nén ta ding “in a..way/manner” thay cho trang tt. Ex She spoke to me in a friendly way /manner. (Cé ta n6i chuyén véi t6i mot céch than thin.) 1.2 Trang tit chi thdi gian: Cho biét sy vige xdy ra hic nao 8 trd Ii cho ciu hdi WHEN: now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already,immediately, just, soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, 2 months later/after, ... Ex: I'm leaving for Hanoi tomorrow. 1.3 Trang tit chi noi chéin:Cho biet sy vite xdy ra d-dau é tra Ii cho cdu hdi WHERE:here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere,in Paris, at the supermarket, ... Ex: Tom is standing there. 14 Trang tix chi sy thug xuyén: Cho biét hanh dong xy ra thudng xuyén nhu thé nao d8 trd loi cho cu hdi HOW, OFTEN: often, never, rarely, daily, always, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, seldom, once/twice a week, every day, weekly, monthly, ... Ex: [often get up at 5 in the morning. 15 Trang tit chi mife 46: Cho biét hinh dong, tinh chét cla sif vide din ra dén mite nao: very, t00,.80, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely, really, pretty, fairly, entirely, hardly,” scarcely, somewhat, enough,.. Exc I come here quite often. 2) Vi trf iia trang tit: 2.1 Diu ctu: Ex: Where are you going? 2.2 Gita cau: 22:1 Trude dong tix thuding: Bx: Our tea Sn>Milc 40>Thé cich>Thudng xuyén>Thdi gian falked to the church very slowly twice last Sunday. Cini y: Trat ty trén c6 thé thay 46i tuy vao muc dich ‘imanh cla nguti n6i/vist. 4) Chite nang ed bin cia trang tt: BS nghla cho Vi dy IN] Bone By Abby decoy bebatltaty-} 2) Tinh tit She is very lovely. 3) Trang ti hdc: He studied extremely hard. 4) CA cu: Fortunately, he wasn’t injured in that accident. + Phin in dam, gach du6i b6 nghta cho phan in nghiéng. GIGI Tif (PREPOSION) 1) Phan loai gigi ta: 1.1 Gi6i tit chi noi chon: IN, ON, AT a) IN (trong): duge ding - Chi mgt ngui hoje vat 8 trong mot noi ndo 46. in a box/room/sky /water/‘park/bag/book/river/pool/ kitchen /cinema /restaurant /lesson/newspaper /world/ picture/pocket/searow/ queue garden/ line building/. Ex: My mother is cooking in the kitchen. = Vi phuong tign xe hoi, taxi hoc duding phé. in a car/taxi, in/on the street Exc Peter arrived at the party in a taxi ‘They live in Hung Vuong Street.= V6i danh tit khong c6 mao hr dé dién t& mot ngudi dang 6 tai dé. in bed / in hospital / in prison Ex: Tom hasn't got up yet. He's still in bed, ___ - Trude c&c dt nude, thanh phé, phuiong hudng. in France /China /Paris /the east /west /south /north Ex: Ho Chi Minh City is in the south of Vietnam. ~ Bé tao thanh cum tit chi noi chdn. in the front/back of (a car/room/theater ...), in the middle of (the room ... [Exc I was in the back of the car when the accident happened. ‘There’s a computer in the middle of the room. b) ON (tren): duige dang = Chi vj te bén trén va tigp xtic véi b8 mat cla mot vat {gi 46. on the door/ floor / wall / ceiling / river / beach / coast /on a page, on/in the street, .. Ex: I sat on the beach. ‘The picture you're looking for is on page 7. - Voi phutong tign di lai cong cong hoge cf nhan on a bus/train/ship /plane/bycicle/motorbike /horse Ex: There were too many people on the bus. ‘Mary passed me on her bycicle. ~ Dé tao thinh cum ti chi noi chén. on the right /left, on horseback, on the way to (school .)/on the back/front of (the envelope/paper ...)/on top of (the war on/at the c woe din ti mat hoe sf nha; at the party / meeting / desk ... at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street Be: Someone is standing at the door. She lives at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street. - Bé tgo thanh cum tit chi noi chdn, at home / school / college / university / work at the top/bottom of (the page ...) at the end of (the street ...) at the front/back of (the line ...) at/on the comer of the street Ex: Peter's house is at the end of the street. The garden is at the back of the building. 1.2 Gidi ta chi thai gian: IN, ON, AT a) IN: duige ding - Bé chi budi trong ngay néi chung, thang, nam, ma, thap nign, thé ky,thien nién ky. in the moming / afternoon / evening, in February, in 1999, in (the) spring / summer / autumn / winter in the 1990s, in the 21st century, in the 3rd millennium = Trong mot si cum tit 48 chi mot khoang thoi gian trong tung lai. in a few minutes, in an hour, in a day/week/month Ex: Daisy has gone away. She'll be back in a week. (Daisy da di khdi. Co Ay s& tr’ v8 trong mét tun.) - Trong cum tit in the end véi nghia cuéi cing (finally, at last), in time véi nghia kip hic. Ex: Peter got very angry. In the end, he walked out of, the room. (Peter rat gin. Cui cing, né ra khdi phdng,) Will you be home in time for dinner? Ban sé vé nha kip gid an t6i2) * Chai y: on time (ding gid) b) ON: duige dang - Dé chi thit trong tun, ngay trong thang. on Monday, on 5th March, on this/that day Ex: I was bor on 27th June, 1983. = Bé chi budi trong ngay cu thé hose mot ngay cu thé; on Friday morning / New Year's Day’/ my birthday Ex: See you on Friday mor ©) AT: duge dang - BS chi thei gian, sF'sunset / dawn / noon / twilight rreakfast /lunch /dinner /supper. clock every morning. dip 18 hoi, mot thai khdc nao 46. fend, at Christmas / Easter/ at present! foment / the same time / this (that) time . Brown is busy at the moment. Dé tao thanh cdc cum gidi tit Jat the end/beginning of, at the age of, at first/last Ex: He came to live in London at the age of 25. * LUU ¥: khong ding IN, ON, AT trudc all/everylthis next/last month/year, tomorrow, yesterday, today. Ex: He has worked hard all morning, (iq all morning) Thope to see you next Friday. ( az * Céc gidi tit chi thdi gian Khéc: EBON IRON = BETWEEN ... AND) Ex: Every morning he mae tennis from 6 to 7. (Every morning he plays tennis between 6 and 7.) SINCE (tit khi - m&c thoi gian) Ex: I've been waiting for her since Spm. FOR (khodng) Ex: He has lived in Paris for three months. DURING (trong sudt) Ex: You have to be quiet during the performance. UNTIL/TILL (cho téi khi) Ex: She'll be here until Thursday. BY (vo khodng - true hod dén mot tdi ditim ndo 46) Ex: You must be home by 9. BEFORE (trutéc hic) / AFTER (sau khi) Ex: Come and see me before / after lunch. 2) Gigi te theo sau tinh tt: 1.1 Adj + TO “acceptable: ¢6 thé chp nhan accustomed: quen‘agreeable: cé thé déng y “applicable! c6 thé ting dung “appropriate: thich hop “contrary: tréi v6i “dedicated: hign dang “essential: cin thiét “friendly (to/with): thin thign “generous: hio phéng “harmful: ¢6 hai “important: quan trong "kind: ti t& “known: duige biét dén “lucky: may min “Tikely: 06 kd ning/c6 thé thich hop “loyal=true: trung thanh *married: két hon ‘open: md ‘pleasant: vui_ ‘pleasing: lam vui long ‘polite: ich sit ‘preferable: thich hon *related: lien quan *rude: thé 15 ‘similar: giéng “strange: xa la ‘subject: d& bi, Kho trnh 1.2 Adj + OF ‘afraid: sg ‘aware: ¥ thife “boastful: khoe khoang “capable: 6 kha ning ‘certain: chéc chén careful(of/with/about): cn than ‘careless: bat efn “confident tin “desirous: Khao khét “fond: thich “full: ddy “forgetful: quén “glad: vui ming “innocent: vO thi ‘jealous: ghen ti ‘proud: ty hao ‘worthy: xing ding ‘*sure(offabout): chac chén “tolerant: khoan dung “thoughtful: chu dio, an cin (>< sthoughtless ) 13 Adj+FOR anxious(forlabout; lo au appropriate: thich hop available: cé thé ding duige difficult: khé ‘eager: hio hifc, him famous: néi tigng grateful (for sth); necessary: cin lay Jam thuong hai thich hgp useful: ¢6 Igi 14 Adj+AT amazed(at/by): ngge nhitn angry gin gid annoyed(at/by): bye minh thong minh excellent: xudt sfc good (at sth) hopeless: vo vong present: cé mit quick nhanh skilful: 66 nang khiéu 15 Adj + WITH acquainted: quen annoyed: gin bored/fed up: chén covered: bao phil crowded: dong disappointed: that vong pleased: hai long popular: néi ting satisfied: thoi man 16 Adj +N honest: luong thin interested: thich thit Proficient (at/in): thanh thgo rich: gidu successful: thanh cong weak: 1.7 Adj + FROM absent: ving different: khéc distinct: khac bigt free: duigc min safe: an todn separate: ritng Ié 1.8 Adj + ABOUT confused: b6i r6i curious: td md, hiéu ky enthusiastic: nhigt nh excited: huing thi sad: buén happy: vui vé serious: ding din, nghiém tic worried: dn chén, Io ldng 2.) Gigi ti theo sau dong tit —— “accuse ... of: bude ti “apologise to ... for: xin I8i “apologize for: xin 18i vé *apply for: nop don xin vite "arrive in/at: dén (noi) *ask ... for: hai... cho “believe in: tin tung vio belong to: thudc ve “blame ... for: d6 13i *borrow ... from: mugn “care about: quan tam vé “concentrate on: tp trung “care for: chim s6c/thich/yéu chu “charge ... with: phat *come across: tinh cd gip ‘complain to ... about: than phién “congratulate ... on: chiie mitng “consist of: bao gdm “crash into: va cham vao “deal with: gidi quyét “decide on: quygbdinh ve “depend on: thuge vio “die of: ch “divide into: chia (ra) ‘about: mo ve “escape from: thot khdi *exfilain ... to: gidi thich “feel like: cim thay nhupffhappen to: xdy dén “hope for: hi vong about/fromvof: nghe ve 8 “invite ... to: mai ‘40 “leave ... for: ri... dé dén “live on: sng nh¥ vio 86¢ “look around: nhin quanh “look back on: nhin vé qué kh on: khinh r8 “look for: tim : dibu tra “look forward to: mong doi : phan 46i “participate in: tham gia vao | #99 for: tra titn cho ‘point / aim at: chi .. vio Prepare for: chufin bj *prefer ... to: thich ... hon. ‘provide...with: cung cp “regard ... as: coi ... nh ‘rely ... on: dyavao ‘remind ... of: nhde nhd “result from: do béi “result in: gay ra, Peeacinto th > gE; L_ fsearch fo in ‘send for cho mai (ai) dén “shout at: la, hét “speakitalk to: néi voi *spend...on: chi tigu ... cho “succeed in: thanh cOng vé 7 ‘suffer from: dau, chju dung “take after: ging “think about / of: nght v8 “throw ... at: ném ... vao *translate...from...into: djch...tt..sang wait for: cho “write to: viét thu cho ‘warn ... about: cinh béo ... v8 * LUU ¥: Dong tit 2 che di vei GO go after: dudi theo, theo sau *go along: tin trién “go ahead: tin hanh, thing titn "go away: di khéi *go back: tré ve *go bys(thdi gian) toi qua “go down: (gid cd) gidm (>< go up ) *go off: chay, nd “go on:xay ra, dién ra, tifp tuc "go out: tXt, bi dap tat “go over: xem xét, kiém.tra kj “go with: hgp véi 4) V+ N + Gidi tir i “catch sight of: thoing thay “give way to: nhugng b6 “give place to: dinh chd cho “lose sight of: mét huit"keep pace with: theo kip “lose track of: quén mat “lose touch with: mét lign lac véi make allowance for: chiéu of dé make fun of: choc gheo, ché nhao ‘make a fuss overfabout: Iam Ign xon. ‘make room for. nhuing chd cho make use of: sit dung, tan dung “pay attention to: chi ¥ dn *put a stop to: chim dt ‘put an end to: chém dist *set fire fo: lam chéy, dot ‘take account of: tinh dén ‘take advantage of: Igi dung, tan dung take care of: chim sc “take notice of: Inu y, 48 stake note of: ghi chi, ghi nhan 1) Céch than tap: - Cau khang dinh S + V(6/es); S + am/is/are = Cau phi dinh $+ do/does+ not+V; Stam/is/are+ not = Cau héi Do/Does + $ + V2; Am/Is/Are + S? 2) CAch ding chinh: Simple Present ditng 4€ din ta: 2.1 MOt théi quen, mot hanh dong duige lap di l&p | cau thuting 06 cée trang ti sometimes, seldom, rarely, 23 Mot hanh dong tro chuong trinhké hoach. Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45. Ie Present Continuous: 1) Céich than 1ap: - Cau khdng dinh $+ am/is/are + V-ing = Cau phi dinh $+ am/is/are + not + V-ing - Cau hoi Am/Is/Are + § + V-ing? 2) Cich ding chinh: Present Continuous ding dé din ta: 2.1 Mét hanh dong dang din ra 4 hign tai(trong Ide néi); sau clu ménh Ignh, dé nghi. Trong chu thudng cb che trang tit: now, right now, at the moment, at present, ... Exc What are you doing at the moment? -V'm writing a letter. Be quiet! My mother is sleeping. 2.2 Mot hanh dong 48 duge lén ké hoach thye hign trong tung lai gin. Ex: What are you doing tonight? = Lam going to the cinema with my father. 2.3 Mot hanh dong nhat thdi khong kéo dai lau, thuding diing véi today, this week, this month, these days, Ex: What is your daughter doing these days? - She is studying English at the foreign language center. 3) Nhatng dong ti khong diing & Present Continuous: 3.1-Dong tit chi-giée quan: hear, see, smell, taste 3.2 Dong ti chi nh cim, cm xtic: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish 3.3 Dong ti chi trang thai, sy lin he, 5 hau: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to, reed, ... 34 Dong tit chi sinh hoat tri tug: agree, understand, remember, know, .. IIE Present Perfect: 1) Céch than lap: - Cau khdng dinh - Cau phi dink = Cau hoi 2) Céich ding chink: S + have/has+ V3/ed S + have/has + not + V3/ed Have/Has + S + V3/ed? ‘Nam has lived in HCM city since 1998, dong vita mdi xdy ra, just finished my homework. g cfu trie HF the first/second... time + § + have/has + V3/ed + the ss nhst +N +S + have/has + V3/ed Ex: This isthe first time have been to Paris, She is the most honest person I have ever met. 3) Che trang tit thudng diing v6i thi Present Perfect: just (vita méi), recently/lately (gin day), yet (chu), already (r6i), ever (da ting), never (chua bao gid), since (tit Khi ), for (khoang), a. now/up to “fi; Goyatapl PRE preséahlclhd dfn IV- Present Perfect Continuous: 1) Céch than lap: = Cau khdng dinh: $ + have/has + been + V-ing = Cau phui dinh: § + have/has + not + been + V-ing =Cauhéi Have/Has +S + been + V-ing? 2) Céch ding chinh: resent Perfect Continuous ding a€ din ti: + Hanh dong bat dau trong qué khit va kéo dai LIEN TYC dén hign tai va con tigp dién én twong lai, thuding ding véi How long, since va for. Ex: How long have you been waiting for her? - Thave been waiting for her for an hour. * Present Perfect: hanh dong hoan tét * Present Perfect Continuous: hanh dong con tiép tue Ve Simple Past: 1) Céch thanh lap: = Cau khing dinh $+ V2/ed; $+ was/were = Cu phui dinh $+ did + not + V; $+ was/were + noti -Cauhdi Did +5 + V2;- Was/Were +8? 2) Cach ding chinh: Simple Past ding 4é din ta hanh dong da xdy ra va hodn tat trong qué khif véi thoi gian auge xe dink ¥6. * Céc trang ti thitng di kém: ago, yesterday, last ‘week/month/year, in the past, in 1990... Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969. Vie Past Continuous: 1) Céch thanh lap: = Cau khing dink S + was/were + V-ing - Cau phi dinh $+ was/were + not + V-ing -CAuhéi — Was/Were + S + V-ing? 2) Cich ding chink: Past Continuous ding dé difn th: 2.1 M@t hinh dong xdy ra (va kéo dai) vio mot thoi iém hose mot Khodng thai gian trong qué kh. She was studying her lesson at 7 last night. Ex: What were you doing from 3pm to 6pm yesterday? = I was practising English at that time. 2.2 MOt anh dong dang xay ra (V-ing) & qué khut tht ¢6 mot hanh dong khéc xen vao (V2/ed). Ex: He was sleeping when I came. While she was cooking dinner, the phone rang. 23 Hai hinh dong din ra song song cing hic trong qué kh. Ex: While I was d ork, my younger brother was playi VII- Past Perfect: 1) Céch thanh lap: S+ = Cau khiing dinh -Cau phi dinh $+ had+ rot =Cauhéi Had + S + V3/ed? 2) Cich dung chinh: Past Perfect dang 2.1 Mgt hanh dong xdy ra va hoan tat tude igm hove mot hanh dong khée trong qué khit, (hanh dong true ding HAD + V3/ed, hinh dong sau dang V2/ed). fe had had dinner before 8 o'clock last night. Lucie had leamt English before she came to England. 2.2 Mot hanh dong da xdy ra nhung chwa hoin thanh, tinh dén mot thdi diém nao dé trong qué khit. Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for 10 years.(T6i lic t0i roi ngOi trudng Ay, ti da day duge 10 nim.) 3) Past Perfect thuting ding v6i cic tit sau day: * After, before, when, as, once Ex: When I got to the station, the train had already left. * No sooner... than (vita méi ... thi) * Hardly/Scarely ... when (vita méi ... th). Ex: He had no sooner returned from abroad than he fell ill. > No sooner had he returned from abroad than he fell ill (Anh dy vita méi ted v8 tit nude ngodi thi am ra bénh.) ditn “It was not until (mai cho t6i ... méi ...) Not until ... that ... (mai cho tdi ... méi Ex:_ It was not until I had met her that I understood _ the problem.—> Not until I had met her did I understand the problem. (Mai t6i khi t6i gp c6 ta, ti méi higu duge vin dé.) VIIL- Past Perfect Continuous 1) Céch thanh lap: ~ Cau khdng dinh $+ had + been + V-ing ~ Cau phi dinh $+ had + not + been + V-ing -Cauhdi Had +S + been + not + Ving? 2) Cfich dang chinh: Past Perfect Continuous ding 4é nhan manh tinh LIEN TYC cia hinh d6ng cho dén khi mot hanh dong khéc xdy ra trong qué Khu.” Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting fpr'3 hours. IX- Simple Future: 1) Céch thanh lap: + Cau khing dink ~ Cau phi dinh I+ not + V =Cauhdi Will S+Vr 2) Céch ding chiff Future ding d€ din ta: 2.1 MOt ha ‘xdy ra trong tufong lai, c omorrow. duia ra vao hic néi. ill lend you the money. titn dodn, dy béo trong tong lai. People will travel to Mars one day 'MOt 6 trang tit chi thoi gian thudng gip: , tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, some day, in the future, ... + LUU Y¥: Cach dang cia be going to + V: ) Behave ave some mney Tm gong buy anew computer. (Toi 44 dé danh duge mot ft ti8n. Toi dinh mua mot may vi tinh méi.) + Din t& mot dy dodn c6 can ett Ex: Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. (Hay shin nhatng dam may 46 kia. Trai sp mua.) X- Future Continuous: 1) Céch thanh lap: ~ Cau khing dinh $+ will/shall + be + Ving ~CAu phi dinh $+ will/shall + not + be + V-ing -CAuhéi — Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing? 2) C&ch ding chinh: Future Continuous diing 4é din ta mot hanh dong s& dang dign rao mét thoi diém hay. ‘mot Khodng thai gian trong tuong lai. Ex: This time next week I will be playing tennis. ‘Weill be working hard all day tomorrow.XI- Future Perfect: 1)Céch than lap: - Cau khing dinh —S + will/shall + have + V3/ed = Cau phi dinh $+ will/shall + not + have + V3/ed -Cauhdi Will/Shall + $ + have + V3/ed? 2) Céch ding chinh: Future Perfect ding 48 din ti 2.1 Mot hanh dong sé hoan tat trude mot thai diém trong tong lai. Ex: It’s now 7pm. I will have finished teaching this class by 8.30 pm. ( Bay gid la 7 gid ti. Toi sé day xong Iép nay hic 8 gio 30.) 2.2 Mot hanh dong sé hoan tat true mot hanh dong hac trong tuiong lai. Ex: By the time you come back, I will have written this letter.(Vao Ic anh ted lai, t0i sB viet xong Id thu nay.) * Thi nay thudng duge bat ddu bling By + time ( By then, By the time, By the end of this week/month/year). XII- Future Perfect Continuous: 1) Céch than lap: = Cau khang dinh S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing = Cau phi inh S + will/shall+notthaverbeen+V-ing -Cauhdi ” Will/Shall +S + have + been + V-ing? 2) Céch ding chinh: Future Perfect Continuous ding 4é nhgin manh TUC cia hanh dong so voi mot thoi diém nad inh dong khéc trong tung lai. “yfillghave been working in th ic of Ex: By net | office forte ye a e When Geotge fi tA e e studying a Ox } L4 Bai 3: GERUND & INFINITY 1 GERUND Ex: She enjoys listening to music. = V + V-ing (Gerund) Mot s6'tit/dong tir sau day cAn c6 V-ing theo sau: * avoid (trénh), advise (khuyén), be/get used to (quen véi), allow/permit (cho phép), enjoy (thich, thuéng thiic, consider (xem xét), deny (tit chéi), finish (hoan thanh), give up (tit bé, ddu hang), like (thich), dislike (khong. tich), keep (vin cn), miss (b6 10), practise (thy hank) postpone (ttl hodn),quit (rdi b3), recommend (48 nghi, Khuyén bio), spend (ti@u xai, tréi qua), suggest (48 nghi), can’t help (khong thé khong), .. * it’s no use/good (khong Igi ich gi), would you mind (ban c6 phién) * worth (dang, dang duige), busy (bn ron) IF INFINITIVE WITH “TO” Twant to learn English well. -V+TOV Mot s6 dong tt sau day can c6 to V theo sau: NG agree (ding y), afford (c6 di kha ning/diéu kign), choose (chon Iva), decide (quyét dinh), demand (40i hai, yeu chu), expect (mong cha, kj vong), fail-(thét bai, ‘héng), refuse (ti ch6i), hope (hy vong), like (mudn), Tearn (hoc), manage (xoay 58), plan (dif dinh), pretend (gid b9), prepare (chusin bi), promise (hifa), seek (tim Kim), threaten (de doa), train (dao tao, hun Iuyén), ‘want (mud), wish (a0 wéc), would like (muén), ... Ill INFINITIVE WITH “TO” OR GERUND 1) MOt s6 dong ttt 06 V-ing hoe TO V theo sau khong am thay Ai nghta: begin/start (bat dau), continue (tiép tuc), hate (ghét), can’t bear (khong chju duige), intend (dv¢ dinh), love (yeu thuiomg), prefer (thich...hon), hesitate (do dy), 2) Mot s6 dong tit 6 Vin 070 V theo saa am thay déi nghta: fed + to V: cn (nghia chil dong) Be cei ae (Ho edn lam vige cham chi hon.) ~ need + V-ing: cin duige (nghia bi dong) xc This room needs cleaning. (Can phong nay edn duige lau chai.) = remember/forget + to V: nhé/quén lam didu gi (chuia xay ra) |S RRP oe te igtcthen you get to the post office. ( Nhé goi ld thu khi ban dén butu dign.) + rememberiforget + V-ing: nhd/quén da lam diéu gi (4a xay ra) Ex I will never forget seeing you last year. (Toi sé Khong bao gid quén da gép ban vao nim ngosi.) = regret + to V: tie phai lam dibu gi (ap xay ra) Ex I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. (Toi lay 1am tiée béo cho anh hay anh 4a thi héng.) = egret + V-ing: tie da lam di8u gi (da xdy ra) er vase ey (Co fy tike da di nghi & New York) *LUU Y: Cu tric S+V+O+TOV eer aS aS ‘They let me visit my parents.Bai 4: PASSIVE VOICE J- Cie bude di citu chit dong sang cfu bj dng: 1) Xée dinh S, V, O trong cau chi dong (V c6 thé la don hoi kép. Néu la V kép thi V cud ciing-V chinh uige Adi thanh V3/ed.) 2) Xéc dinh thi cia dong tit 3) Dem O trong cau chi dong lam S trong cit bi dong, dem $ trong cau chil dong lam O trong cu bj dong, 4) Lay V chinh trong cau chi dong d6i thanh V3/ed ri them BE thich hgptruée V3/ed 5) Dit BY trudc O trong cau bi dong Ex (A) Thecat ate the mouse. > (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat. * Cu tric cg bin cla cau bj dong la BE + V3/ed. Sau khi Jam, cin kiém tra lai 6 thiéu 1 trong 2 yéu t6 dé khong. ee Dong ti trong clu chit dong va bi dbng: Tenses Examples Simple present Lan cleans the floor every morning. — The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning. Simple past Nam broke the glasses. —> The glasses were broken by Nam. Present continuous The pupil isn’t doing some exercises. > Some exercises are Present perfect Past perfect Tom had > The key had been Simple future Mr. Brown Modal verbs a) The students must do this test in ela ~ This test must be done in class by the students. 'b) We ought to overcome these difficulties. — These difficulties ought to be overcome. Tle Mt 56 diém clin hau ys 1) Cau hoi chi dong va bi dong: (A) Did your father make this c2r? > (P) Was this c2r made by your father? (A) Who repaired your bicycle? ~> (P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by? (By whom was your bicycle repaired?) (A) What plays did Shakespeare write? ~ (P) What plays were written by Shakespeare? 2) Laige bé tuic tt trong cau bi dong: Néu_chii_ti trong_c&u_chi-dOng KHONG chi-16-1a: gui hay vat cu thé, 16 ring (people, someone, every one, no one, any one, I, we, you, they, she, he, it) thi Khi d6i sang cau bj dong (by people /someone / every one / no one / any one me / us / you / them / her / hhim / it) 6 thé duige bé di. (A) People built that bridge in 1998. > @) That bridge was built in 1998. 3) Dong tit 6 2 tic tit 3.1 Dong tit cdn gidi tit TO: give, lend, send, show, ... (A) An'll give me this book (=An‘ll give this book to me.) > (P1) I will be given this book by John. — (P2) This book will be given to me by John. 3.2 Déng tit cin gidi tir FOR: buy, make, get, ... (A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.) > (PI) She was bought a rose. > (P2) A rose was bought for her. 4) Mot s6 dang bj dong khic: 4.1 C&u tric They/People say/think/beli = (A) People say that Henry eats — (PI) Itis said that Henry eats (P2) Henry is said to ea dang 6 it: iéa ch tit thude c&e truémg hop sau thi dong tit chia J dang 36 8. HEED ean een oe NMG Genie 24H = Milk is my favorite drink. 2) Danh ti tan cing bing “s” mang nghia s6 it: news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics physics, phonetics, aerobics, athletics, measles gymnastics, mumps, rickets, diabetes, the Philippines, the United States, .. - The news is interesting. 3) Dai tiy bit dinh: every/any/no/some +body/one/thing = Someone is kbocking at the door. 4) Menh dé bét ddu bing that/what/where/when... hofc ‘cum tt bét dau bing TO V/V-ing: - That you get high marks does not surprise me. = To master English is not easy. ~ Growing flowers was her hobby when she was young: 5) Titchi th gian, Khodng cich, tin bac, do hing, thé Uh: = Bight hours of sleep a day is enough. - Five kilometers is not a long distance. = Twenty dollars is too much to pay for that stuff.6) Ti dinh lugng + N mang nghia 56 tt - Each of the children has a toy. = One of my friends-is coming Ut Nhing trading hop dng ti chia dang s6 nihiéu: Néu chi tt thuge céc truting hgp sau thi dong ti chia dang s6 hi 1) Dank tit dém duige s6 nhibu: ~ Engineers are key figures in our life. 2) Céc danh tit Khée nhau két hyp bing AND: ~ Scientists and engineers are very important. 3) Tix dink lugng + N mang nghia 66 nhiéu: = Most of the students here work very hard. = Some books I read last week are written by To Hoai 4) Danh tit ludn & dang s6 nhibu: people, police, cattle, poultry, military, goods, clothes, scissors, glasses = The police have arrested the robbers. - Sun glasses are used to protect your eyes from the sunlight. * Chil y: A pair of scissors is helpful in this case, 5) The + Adj chi danh tit s6 nhiguthe rich/poor, the young/old/elderly, the homeless, the handicapped, the blind/deaf/mute, the English/Chinese. - The poor have many problems. ke Nhiiug trading hip cfs ae y: 1) Khi cfc chi 4 duige n6i voi nhau bdi as well as, with, along wit gp voi chi fi, th ~ The studenits, 39 - The teacher, & 2) Khi cfc chil ti Gy neither..nor, hoc not only.,/but/al hop v6i chi tir gan nha, - Neither she nor her friends hat 3) A number of +N sf nhiéu ~ dong tit 6 ‘The number of + N s6 nhiéu — dong tit 56 - A number of applicants have been interviewed. - The number of days in a week is seven. 4) Chii tir 1a danh ttt t8p hyp: family, class, crowd, group, club, association, company, team, ... 4. Xem nh MOT DON VI - dng tit 6 st: - My family has three members. 4.2 BE cap dén TUNG CA NHAN - dong ti s6 nhiéu: - My family were watching TV at 7 yesterday. Bai 6: DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH I- Dong tit tudng thudt & thi hién tai hoc tuomg lai: Néu dong tie tung thuat 6 thi hign tai hode tucng Iai, ta chi d6i ngéi nhut sau 1) Déi ngot thf nhét phd hyp véi chi tH trong ménh 8 chink 2) Béi ngoi thit hai ph hep véi tic tH trong ménh 48 chink 3)-Ng6i thet ba khong d6i Ex: He says to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow. —-> He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father the next day. * Chi y: say to —> tell Ii Dong tit tung thudt & thi qué Kit: Néu dng tit tu@ng thudt 6 thi qué Kh, ta déi ba yeu 16 1A ngOi, thi cda dong ti va trang ti chi théi gian va noi ch6in. 1) Ngoi: (nhu tren) 2) Thi cila dong ti VI->V2/ed —V2/ed—>had + V3/ed can—could will-9would _shall“should may— might must—>had 3) Trang tit chi thai giar chon: “today — that day ight —> that night ‘now—> then Pago > before syesterday ry before ( the previous day) “these ->those here — there said to me, “I met him yesterday.” told me that she had met him the day before. 1) Cau khang inh va phil dink: Dong ti tuong thuat thuding la said/told. Exl: He said, “I have seen her today.” He said (that) he had seen her that day. x2: He said to me, “The prize was not given to you.” > He told me (that) the prize hadn’t been given to me. fic Shieh Past fest [-] 2) Cau héi: Dong tit tutng thuat thudng a asked! wondered/ wanted to know (hdi/ttt hdi/mu6n biét). 2.1. Yes/No questions: Ex: She asked me, “Do you like him?” > She asked me if I liked him. 2.2. WH- questions: Exl: He said, “What is her name?” —> He asked what her name was. * Chil y trat tut olla S va V: Cau héi true tigp > Cau hei gin tiép = Yes/No- questions: “V + $2” if/whether +S + V - WH- questions: “WH- + V + $2” WH + + V * said to —> asked 3) Cau ménh lenh:bong ti wong thuft thing 18 total asked/ ordered (b4o/yéu chu/ra len). 3.1. Khang dinh: Ex: The teacher said, “Go to the board, John.” > The teacher told John to go to the board,3.2. Phi dinh: Ex: Nam said to his friend, “Don't shut the door.” Nam asked his friend not to shut the door. Bai 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES & SENTENCE WISH F- Cu diéw kign (Conditional sentense) 1) Ba loai cau didu kign: 1a Loai I: Din ta didu kign 6 thé xdy rad hign tai ode tung lai. Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home. 1.2 Loai I Din ta didu kign khéng thé xdy ra 6 hign tai hode tuong 1 Exd: I would buy a new bicycle if I had enough money. (Hign tai t0i khong c6 dil tién.) 13 Logi II: Dign ta dibu kin khng thé xdy ra 6 qué khit Exc If Tom had worked harder, he wouldn't have failed his, exam (Sy that la Tom da Khong chim chi va da thi rét) 2) Tom tit cong thi: Loai IF CLAUSE, MAIN CLAUSE 1. S4VIG/es) 8+ willean ... + V 2. $+ V2/ed/WERE, S + would/could ... + V 3. S+had +V3/ed , SAlwquld/could ...+ have + V3/ed 3) Nhang diém cin I 3.1 “If... not” 06 tuy nhien 6 thé thy 3.2 BS IF trong 3 logi cau didu kien vi SHOULD/WERE/HAD): Ex: Ifit should be necessary, I will go. ~ Should it be necessary, I will go. Exc IFT were rich, T would buy a new car. ~ Were I rich, I would buy a new car. Bx: If you had asked him, he would have told you the answer. > Had you asked him, he would have told you the answer. 3.3 MOt 66 tit va cum tit ¢6 thé thay cho IF véi nghia ‘tuong duiong: Provided that/ so(as) long as (mi&n 1a)/ in case (trong trudng hop)/ on condition that (v6i diu kién) Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back. ‘H- Cu ao wie: WISH (1t8¢)/ IE ONLY (gid. ma) 1) Khong cé that 3 hin tai: V2/ed/WERE ~ I wish Peter were here now. (He isn’t here now.) = If only I had more money. 2) Khong c6 that 6 tuong lai: WOULD + V ~ She wishes Tom would be here tomorrow. - If only Tom would be here tomorrow. 3) Khéng c6 tht & qué Khit: HAD +-V3/ed— ~ We wish she had passed her exam last year. ~ Ifonly you hadn't told Peter about our plan. Bai 8: SU DAO NGO Mot s6'tit/ cym tir sau khi dat dau cfu cén déo nga: 1) Nhaing trang tty 6 nghia phi dinh ho§c gin phi dink: never, no longer, nowhere else, rarely, seldom, little, not until ~ He knows litle about what she has done. > Little does he know about what she has done, + She is not only beautiful, but she js~also very intelligent. ~ Not only is she beauti intelligent. 2) Che cum tir bit dau @AT, IN, ON, UNDE! of what was happening. ige bé IF: (xem Bai 5, I, 32) ‘me, please tell them I will be away for > Should anyone ask me, please tell them for a few days. him better, I would give him advice. * The day was so hot that we had to stay indoors. So hot was the day that we had to stay indoors. Greener tr rr a 5) ONLY when/ after/ by/ then/ if ... ~ Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work. - Only by working harder will you pass your final exam. 6) HARDLY/ SCARCELY/ BARELY ... WHEN; NO SOONER ... THAN: + Hardly had I arrived home when I had a new problem. ~ No sooner had she handed in her paper than she realized her carelessmistakes. Bai 9: TU DINH LUQNG I. Tit chd 86 long lon / nko: 1) A lot of, lots of, many, much: (nhiéu) ~A lot of, lots of + danh tir so nhibu/danh tir Khong «dé duge trong cdukhang inh Exc He has a lot of / lots of friends here. We need a lot of / lots of time to learn a foreign language.- Many, much: ding trong cau phii dinh va nghi van. Many + danh tit so nhiéu ‘Much dank tir khong dém duige— - Ex: There aren't many people living here. Does the newspaper have much information? = Many, much sau VERY, SO, TOO, AS: Ex: Very many crimes go unreported. We had so many exercises to do. ‘There is too much salt in the soup. He hasn't got as much patience as I thought. 2) A few, alittle / few, little: (mot vai, mot t / (edt) 18) ~ A few, a little: ding véi nghia xéc dinh ‘A few + danh tiv 56 nhiéu A little + danh tit khong dém duge Ex: We've got a little bacon and a few eggs. - Few, little: ding véi nghia phi dinh Few + danh ttt sf nhigu Little + danh tir khong déim duige Ex: Few people can say that they always tell the truth. ‘There is little sugar in my coffee. 3) A large number of, a great deal of/ a large amount of: (66 Iugng In) = A large numer of + danh tit s6 nhiu Bx: He has a lay of English books. = A number ofeNe ‘The number - A great dé Ex: A dishwe Tit chi sO = Véi dank ti déin dutge 88 Ex: All rabbits love green food. Most pollution can be avoided. Would you like some beer? Have you got any wood? No, I didn’t have any woods. We've no Sundays free. * some ding trong ciu khdng dinh va ciu hdi. any dang trong clu phil dinh va ctu hoi. = Voi cau trie OF + the/these/those/my /her/our... +N (ft/nhidu) Exc Most of my students like English. ‘Some of the food is delicious. = Vi cfu tric OF + dai tr tan nga (us/you/them/it) Exc Some of you have made careless mistakes in your test. * Khong ding effu tric NO OF + ... 2) Every, each, both, either, neither: - Every, each +N dém duige 6 it (ham ¥ tit c& hose ‘mdi mot ngudi/vat trong nhém) Ex: Every/Each room has a number. 1 go for walk every day. (m6i ngay) Each day seems to pass very slowly: (ting ngay) - Each of + the/these/those/my /her/our...+ N 86 nhiéu fCDMenh (ad aeael Heian gieth: Ex: Bach of the students has a personal computer. - Each of + dai tit tan nga (us/you/them) Ex: Each of us has our own desk. = Each diing mot minh hoge di sau dai tir Ex They gave us each a Math book. Each has a Math book. - Both, either, neither + N (di véi 2 ngudi hoje 2 vat) Bx: Both his parents are from Europe. You can read either book. (one of 2 books) Neither car is very economical to run. (2 cars) - Both, either, neither + OF + the/ these/ those/ my/ her/our... + N s6 nhigu Ex: Both of his parents are from Europe. ‘You can read either of the books. Neither of the cars is/are very economical to run. Both, either, neithersOF#dai ti tan.ngi (us/you/them) Ex: Both of us were tired. " She works for a company which/that makes cars. ~The girl whose photo was in the paper lives in our street. = An found a cat whose leg (the leg of which) was broken. - The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean. Tell me the reason why you are so sad. = Do you remember the day when we first met? ing 48 bé nghia cho danh tif ding truéc. Néu bd di ménh dé chinh sé Khong 15 nghta. Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week. — I saw the girl who/that helped us last week. 2) Ménh dé quan hé khong han dink: Ding dé bé ghia cho danh ty diing truéc, 1a phan gidi thich them. ‘Néu bé di ménh dé chink vin 16 nghia. Ménh dé nay thudng duigc tach khdi m@nh dé chinh bing du phy 4" Ta diing menh dé quan he khong han dinh khi: - Truée danh tit quan hé 6: this/ thal/ these/ those/ my/ her/ his... - Ti quan he la ten riéng hoc danh ti riéng. Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old. = My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor. Mr, Johnson is a very nice teacher. We studied! English with him, > Mr. Johnson, who(m) we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.* LUU ¥: khong ding THAT trong ménh dé nay. 3) Gi6i tie dat true ménh d8 tinh tit:(WHOM/WHICH) Ex: The man speaks very fast. I talked to him last night, > The man to whom I talked lastnight speaks very fast DANHTU CHUTU TOc TU sé HOU Ngu’i — who/that_ who(m)/that_ whose vat which/that which/that whose/ of which Noi chén where Lydo why Thdi gin when ‘The house is for sale. I was born in it. > The house in which I was born is for sale. 4) Dai ti quan he THAT: 1.1 Nhitng trudng hgp thudng ding THAT: Sau cum tit quan he vita chi ngudi va vat: Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London. = Sau dai tit bat dinh: Exc I'll tell you something that is very interesting. + Sau cfc tinh tt 0 64 Ex: This is the most by Alll that is mine j You are the only + Trong céfu tric It + Ex It is my friend that (Chinh la ban toi da viét cau nay, 1.2 Nhimng trudng hop khng ding = Trong ménh dé tinh tix khdng han dj = Sau gigi tit 5) OF WHICH / OF WHO! Exc Daisy has three brothers, All of them are teachers. ~-> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers. ‘He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them. > He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I ‘couldn’t answer. 6) Rat gon ménh dé tinh ti thanh cum tinh ti: 1.1 Dang V-ing hoc bé be: Khi dong ti chinh trong ménh dé tinh ti & thé chi dong hoje la be. Ex: Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden. > Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden, ~ Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early. > Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early. ~ The books which are on that shelf are mine. > The books on that shelf are mine. : all, every, very, only: that I have, ECR et PPS AH 1.2 Ding V3/éd: Khi dong tt chinh trong ménh dé tinh ti 6 thé BI BONG. Ex: The books which were written by Nguyen Tuan are~ interesting. ~ The books written by Nguyen Tuan are interesting. ~ Most students who were punished last week are lazy. ~ Most students punished last week are lazy. 1.3 Dang (FOR + 0) TO v: Ex: This is the hotel where we can stay. — This is the hotel (for us) to stay. ‘VII- Ménh dé trang tit: (Adverb clause) 1) Ménh dé trang tix chi noi chén: where (noi, chd) hoge wherever (bit ett noi nao) Ex: He told me where he had seen the money. I will go wherever you go. 2) Menh dé trang tit chi thé céch Ex: We should do aR as if he had seen a ghost. fegit 48 trang ti chi nguyén nhan/ly do: , aise, since, as (bdi vi) sold the car because she needed some money. 0 sinh because va because of: ause +S +V because of + V-ing/N/N phrase Ex: I'm late because I'm sick. Tm late because of my sickness. 7 4) Menh dé trang tit chi mye dich: so that/in order that (48) + $ + (can/could) + V Exc She wants to stay here so that she can perfect her English. 5) Menh d@ trang to chi thei gian: ‘when (Khi), as (Khi/trong Khi), while (trong khi), after (cau khi), before(truéc khi), untiV/til (cho téi khi), since (ti Khi), as soon as(ngay Kkhi), whenever(bSt cif Khi nado), no sooner ... than/ hardly ... when (vita mdi .. thi) Ex: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. We should do a good deed whenever we can. + Dio nga véi no sooner ... than/ hardly ... when * KHONG dang thi twong Tai trong ménh dé trang ti chi thoi gian, HiLell-you-the news-when-Liill-com "Thi cia déng ti trong ménh dé chinh va ménh dé trang tit chi thai gian:Menh d8 chinh —>M@nh trang ttt chi thai gian = Present — Present ; = Past > Past ; = Future > Present 6) Menh a8 trang ti chi ket qua: ~s0 + adjfadv + that ... (qué ... dén ndi Ex: The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it. = such (+ a(n)) + adj + Noun + that ... (qué ... dén n6i .. Ex: It was such a hot day that we stopped playing. He is such interesting books that I want to buy them all. = so + many/much/fewMlittle + Noun + that ... (qué nhidu/it...dén nd...) 'Bxc There are so many people in the room that I feel tired. 7) Ménh d8 trang tit chi sy nhuong bd: ‘though/although/even though (mic da) +S +V Bx: Though he looks ill, he is really strong. *LUUY: in spite of/despite (mac da) + V-ing/N/N phrase Ex: In spite of having little money, they always enloy themselves. (Although they have little money, they always enloy themselves.) in spite of/despite + the fact that (mac da) +S + V Ex: Despite the, t they have little money, they're always happy, - no matter Exc No matfer ) ) ai 11: So SANH TINIE 0 sinh Bing: ne Cau khiing dinh: Exe This watch is not as/so expensive as mine. watch) (Ding hé nay khong dt nhut cia ti.) She doesn’t sing as/so well as her sister. (Co ay hét Khong hay bang chi c6 dy.) * LUU Y: - Khi so sénh danh tir véi nghia giing/bing hay Khong gidng/khong bing, ta c6 thé ding eu tric: (not) + the same + (noun) + as. Ex; He is the same age as I am. (Anh ta bing tuéi ti.) ‘Ann’s salary isn’t the same as Jane's. (Luong cia Ann khong bing lung cia Jane.) = C6 thé ding less + adj/adv + than (kém ... thay cho not as/so + adj/adv + as. Ex: This watch is less expensive than mine. She sings less well than her sister. = Khi néi gp bao nhigu lan, ta ding cfu tric times as + adj/adv + as. Ex: Their house is three times as big as ours. hon) (Nha cila he Idn gap ba Han nha ching ta.) IL So sanh hon: 1) Tinh ti/trang ttt ngin: adj/adv + er + than * Tinh tiy/trang ti ng&n la ti c6 mot van hay 2 van tan cing bang “y”. fast — faster cold — colder _ thick — thicker lucky —> luckier happy —> happier dry —> drier... Bx: John is stronger than his brother. ohn kho8 hon anh cia cu &y.) ‘This athlete runs faster than that one. 2) Tinh tit/trang ti dai: more + adj/adv + than Tinh tit/trang ti dai la ti 06 2 van tro len. modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully, ... Ex This problem is more difficult than we thought. (Van dé nay kh6 hon chiing ta ng He speaks English more fluenth (Anh ta n6i tigng Anh IIT. So sank nit: : the + adyadv test fast > fastest a ngay néng nhat trong nai 0 ay a cO gai dep mbit trong lop.) Yo Ta cb thé ding the least a8 chi mite 49 kém nit. Ex: This story is the least fun of all. (Bay 1a cau chuyén kém vui nhét trong cfc cau chuyén.) Tinh tt/trang tt bat qui the Tinh tit/trang ti > So sinh hon —> So sénh nhst good/well (t6t) —> better — the best bad/badly (xu, d3) —> worse mae ead a) PaRiee ethos jy the/Farthest/furthest little (#t) > less —> the least ‘many/much (nhitu) —> more — the most IV- Céc dang so sinh khic: 1) Cang ngay cing ... inh ti/trang tir ngén: adj/adv + er and adj/adv + er Ex: Nga is younger and younger. (Nga cing ngay cang tré.) He runs faster and faster. (Anh ta chay cang ngay cing nhanh,) + Tinh tt/trang ti dai: more and more + adjadv Ex: My wife is more and more beautiful. (Vg cia t6i cing ngay cing dep.) ‘They work more and more carefully. (Ho lam vige cang ngay cing cén than.) 2) Cang ... ng = The more +S + V, the more +S +V Ex: The more I know him, the more I like him. (Cang biét anh dy, t0i cang thfch anh &y.)~The + 85 hon +S +V, the + SS han +S +V Ex: The older he gets, the weaker he is. (Ong ta cang gia cing yeu) _ The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her parents are. (C6 ta cang dep thi cha me 6 ta cing khé.) ~The more + S + V, the adj ++ER+S+V Ex: The more he works, the richer he is. (Ong ta cang lam cing gid.) ~The adj + ER +S + V, the more +5 +V Ex: The hotter itis, the more tired I feel. (Troi cang néng t6i cang thy met) V- Qui te thém ER vit EST 46} vdi tink ti trang ti nga: 1) Tw tan cing bing “e” hay phy am + “y” Ex: large lager— largest easy easier > easiest 2) Gp d6i phy am: Ex: hot hotter hottest Bai 12: CACH THANH LAP TU Mot tit 6 thé duge thanh lap bing céch them vao tiép du nga hoic tifp ving. I DANH TU: 1) Tidn t6: sup “overdose sit dung “overexpenditure hi ‘overproduction sin “supermarket sidu th) pi “subcontinent tiéu yc dia *sub “surface b8 mit “underachievement dat dudi mite “undercurrent dong nude ngim ‘undergrowth bui rim “underpass duiting chil 2) Hau t6: a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion —> N Dong tit > Danh ti ‘add — addition sy them vao “correct —> correction sy sita chita “conserve —> conservation sy bdo tin ‘combine —> combination sy két hop “decide — decision quyét dinh “discuss discussion thio luin ‘‘inform— information thong tin ‘invite invitation 13i mai “pollute — pollution sy 6 nhiém “permit — permission sy cho phép “preserve—> preservation sf bio quan “prevent — prevention ngin ngtia “produce — production sin xudt ‘“provide— provision sy cung cp “repeat —> repetition sy lap lai “rotate— rotation luén phién b) V+ -ment-ance/-ence/-age/-ery/-ing/-al —> N Dong tit Dank tir : “accept acceptance chp nhjn . “achieve —>achievement thanh tyu "arrange —> arrangement sy sp dit ‘attend —> attendance sy cé mit “arrive — arrival sy dén "build —> building toa nha ‘differ — difference sy khéc nhau “discover —> discovery kim phé “disappoint ~ disappointment thit vong ‘drain — drainage sy théo nude “enrich — enrichment syf lim gidu "employ employment vigc lam ‘exist existence sy tén tai “feel feeling cém xic ‘improve —> improvement. opment sy phat trign ming lam nhiém 49c cycling vigc tai sit dung ‘Tefusal tt! ch6i *rob—> robbery vu cudp teaching day hoc *use —>usage céch ding er/-or/-ar/-ant-ent/-ee/ —> N jAccount—> accountant ké toin Fact actor dién vign nam *apply — applicant ngudi xin vige “assist — assistant ngudi phy té RSaueRa Steeda plo} tram dur} Sf “beg beggar ngudi an xin “build ~» builder thy xay *ealeulate — calculator méy tinh ‘contest contestant ngudi dif thi “cook —>cooker bép nu an *drive—> drivér tai xé “deposit — depositor ngudi gai tién “employ employee ngubi lam cng “edit—> editor bién tap vien “fertilize > fertilizer phan bén “inhabit — inhabitant cu din “instruct —> instructor ngudi huéng din “interview — interviewee ngubi duge phéng vin “own—> owner ngudi chil “pay — payee ngui duige tra tién “serve servant ngutii gidp vide *sing— singer ca st “teach— teacher giéo vign “train trainee ngubi duige dio tao “walk walker ngubi di bpwork —> worker cOng nhan d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess --> N Danh tit = Dank tit ‘act — actress nd dién vién ‘America American nguoi MY *journal— journalist nha béo history — historian mha sit hoe *host—> hostess ba chit nha “library > librarian thi thu’ ‘lion Tioness su tt ci *musie—> musician nhge st “physics —> physicist nha vat ly prince —> princess cong chia “science —> scientist nha khoa hoc “tiger tigeress cop céi “tour—> tourist khaéch du lich *wait> waitress ni hau ban e) N + -ism/-ship --> N Dank tit —>Danh tit “capital — capitalism CN tte bin *hero—> heroism CN anh hing ‘champion—> championship chife v6 dich ‘scholar scholarship hoc téng “ae agen “sportsman —>/sportsmahship tinh thn thé thao 9) Adj + -yhityl ie6thism/-dom —> N careless carelessness ‘certain certainty si chéd chin *clear—> clarity sy #6 rang *cold—> coldness si lanh léo “dark > darkness bing t6i “difficult difficulty khé khin “fluent fluency sy trdi chay “free freedom sy ty do “happy— happiness sf hanh phic ‘“iIl/ sick —> illness/ sickness sy dau yéu *popular—> popularity su phé bién “rich richness suf gidu cé ‘national —> nationality quéc tich “sad—> sadness suf buén ba *possible > possibility sy c6 thé “responsible -> responsibility tréch nhi¢m real — reality su that ‘stupid — stupidity su din don 8) Adj tin cing “ent” —> “ence” Tinh ti — Danh ti “absent absence sy ving mit “intelligent intelligence sy thong minh “confident confidence suf ty tin “patient patience si kitn nhl “diligent > diligence sy siéng nang *silent—> silence su yén ling tindependent—> independence sy doc lap *violent—> violence sit bao Ic Il DONG TH: 1) Tién to: a) dis-/mis-/re-fover-/under-out- + V-—> V “disagree khong dng y “disappear bién mat “dislike khong thich rewrite vigt lai “outnumber nhiéu/dong hon “outlive séng lau hon “outweigh ning hon *outrux chay nhanh hon “outgrow lén/phét trign hon *overstay 8 qué lau “overwork lam vige qué lau, qué site ‘overcook néu qui chin “oyeraét cutng ditu “undercharge tinh gié qué thpytindersell ban ré hon “underdo lam khong “undersign kj 3 duéi thap ‘underlay dat 6 dudi 4 *undercook nfiu chuta chin im *misbehave cx xtt sai iunhim —*misuse sit dung sai (on Lan nga *redo lam lai Adj —> V jable'lam cho.c6 thé (lam g}) “enlarge md rong danger gay nguy hiém “enclose gai kem fact ban hanh (1ugt) enrich lam gidu Hau to: ‘a) Adj/N + -izel-enl-atel-fy —> V ‘Adj/N Dong ti “beauty — beautify lim dep “bright brighten lam rang 10 “industrial — industrialize CN hos legal —>legalize hgp phép hos. Cade PGS RONG af a “less —>lessen gidm bét ‘light lighten lam nhe di *modren— modernize hin dai hos “origin originate bat ngudn "real realize nhan ra “sharp sharpen lam cho sc, nhon “short — shorten lam ngén Iai “tight — tighten sigt chat *wide > widen lam rong ra *weak—> weaken lam yu di “white — whiten lam tréng 7 i- TINH TO: 4) Tint: a) unclin-fimeliesi + Adj “dishonest khong trung thuc ‘unemployed thit nghiep unequal khong binh ding “unhappy khong hanh phtic > Adj unlucky khong may untrue khong diing “unreal kh6ng that“unsatisfactory khong hai long “illogical khong hgp ly “inconvenient bat tien “illegal bét hop phap “incomplete khong day dil_*inexact khdng chinh xéc “indivisible khong thé chia dugc *independent dc lap "immature chifa chin chin timpractical khong thy té “impatient khOng kign nhin “impossible kh6ng thé “irresponsible v6 tréch nhigm “irregular bat qui the ) inter- /super-/under-/over-/sub- + Adj/N —> Adj ‘international quéc t€ “overcrowded qué dong “overanxious qué lo 4u ‘overseas hai ngoai “overconfident qui ty tin “oversized qué cB “overelaborate qué ti mi “overweight qué, thita cin “overnight qué dém “overjoyed qué vui “underpaid tri thp qué “underweight nhe, thiéu can “undercover kinbi mit “underdeveloped kém phat trién “overjealous qué ghen *subnormal duéi binh thuding “subconscious tiém thc “superhuman siéu phim “supernatural siéu nhién ‘supersonic situ am 2) Hau a) N + -ly/like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al-io! > Adj “agricultural néng nghi¢p brotherly thudc v8 anh em ‘careless khong cin thin “childless khong c6 con “childlike nhu con nit. *childish c6 tinh céch tr8 con ightful vui vé “daily hing ngay Ns “dusty 06 bui “foolish dign dai H “harmful c6 hai “helpful hay gitip da! “hourly hing gid “industrial cong nghiep “magical tuy@t vai “natural thién nhign “odourless khéng mdi vi *peaceful hoa bi ‘rainy 06 muta ‘snowy c6 tuyét "sandy 6 ct “speechless khong 13i “successful thanh cOng “selfish ich kj “scientific khoa hoc “statesmanlike nhitmha chiic tréch “treeless khong cé cay “useful c6 ich “worldly thuge vé thé gi6i *yearly hing nim b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible —> Adj “active ning dong ‘agreeable tan thanh “achievable c6 thé dat duge ‘attractive hip din “comprehensible c6 thé hiu “countable c6 thé dém “defensible cé thé bio ve due “effective higu qua “eatable o6 thé an duigc “informative c6 nhibu thong tin “excusable c6 thé tha thit *manageable o6 thé quin ly “satisfactory 6 thé chp nhan “washable cé thé gist duge IV. TRANG TU: Phan Ién: Adj + -ly > Adv Bai 13: CHUYEN BOI CAU Céc dang bign Aéi cau thuting gp 1) Ch dong ~ bj dong: (xem lai Bai 2) — 2) Trye tip — gidn tip: (xem Iai Bai 4) 3) Bio nga: (xem lai Bai 6) 4) Menh 8 trang ti chi ly do, syf nhuyng bo: (xem Iai Bai 8, Il, 3&7) though/although/even though + S + V ~ despitelin spite of + V-ing/N/N phrase * LUU Y: but —> althought Ex: Cars cause pollution but people still want them. ~ Although cars cause pollution, people still want them, 5) So sénh: (xem thém Bai 11, so sénh bing/nhst/hon) Ex: An isn’t as tall as Tom = An isnt so tall as Tomy = Anis less tall than Tom. = An is taller than Tom. 6) Digu kign: (xem lai Bai 5, cit BK loa 6.1 Khong cé that & hign tai Ex: I'm busy. I don’t go to the — IT were not busy, I > Unless I were bus 6.2 Khong c6 that 4 pin because he woke up too late. up too late, he wouldn't have ‘is not happy because his girlfriend is not here. wishes his girlfriend were here. PBKhong cd that & qué khit Bx: Lam sorry I missed your wedding party. => I wish [hadn't missed your wedding party. 7.3 Khong 06 that 6 twong lai: Ex: They will not attend my birthday party next week. rely Sad iy birtudhy py next week, 8) Thué/ahd ai lam viéc gi: (xem them Bai 2, 4.2) St V+ O > S+ have +O + V—> St have + O+ V3/ed 7 S+ get+O+ toV—>S + get +04 V3/ed Ex: The machanic repairs my car every month. — Thave the machanic repair my car every month. > Iget the machanic to repair my car every month, ~Thave/get my car repaired by the mechanic every month. 9) Dé nghi, lai khuyén: ~S + adviselsuggest + V-ing +84 advise +0 +10 V ~S + suggest (that) + S(+ should) + V - How/What about + V-ing? = Would you mind + V-ing? = Why don’t we/you + V2 Bx: Let's go for a ride! ~ What about going for a ride? Please don’t play the music so loudly. > Would you mind not playing the music so loudly? + Let's +VPHY LUC : DONG TU BAT Quy TAC THUONG GAP (IRREGULAR VERBS) — Hign tai —> Qué khut—> QKPT Nghia *am/is/are — was/were —> been thi, la, & “arise arose —> arisen xudt hign “bear bore—> borne sinh ra “beat—>beat—>beaten dénh, dap “become —> became —> become trd nén “begin began—Pbegun bit dau “bend —>bent—>bent ci, gap sbet—>bet—>bet dan cule “bite bit bitten cifn “bleed > bled—> bled chdy maw “blow > blew—> blown théi *break—> broke broken lam 0 “breed —> bred —> bred nudi “bring—> brought > brought mang “build built built xy dung bum — burnt burnt dét chdy “burst —> burst —> burst bimg chdy “buy—> bought—> bought mua catch > caught —> cau hase choose 9 chose ch a fi cut cut— cut aft *dig—> dug— dug dao ‘do did done lam “draw drew—> drawn ve “dream” dreamt—> dreamt ma “drink drank—> drunk using ‘drive—> drove— driven Idi xe teat ate— eaten tt “fall—> fell fallen té xuling “feed—> fed—> fed cho an “feel felt felt cim thdy “fight fought —> fought dénh nhow “find > found—> found tim thy “fit fit fit via of “fly > flew flown bay forecast —> forecast forecast dy bio “forget —> forgot > forgot(ten) qué “forgive forgave — forgiven tha thit freeze —> froze —> frozen déng Tonh set got—> got{ten) dat dive sgive> gave—> given cho "go> went—> gone di “grind > ground > ground nghién scome—> came -scost > cost > cost “creep crept—> crept bi Ke 7, “grow grew—> grown moc “hang— hung— hung treo shave > had had of; ding “hear —> heard heard nghe “hide hid hidden che giffu *hit > hit—> hit dung *hold—> held held cdm, ndm, 18 che “hurt hurt hurt lam daw “keep kept—> kept giit “know knew known biét lay laid laid dat, dé ‘lead led —> led din dt ‘learn — learnt learnt hoe “leave— left left oi Khdi “lend —> lent—> lent cho min “let let let aé cho “lose—> lost lost dénk mt ‘make made made lim tmean—> meant—> meant nghia Id *meet—> met met gép “overcome —> overcame ~ overcé ut qua *pay—> paid paid tnd ti ‘send — sent sent gili di set set set xp dat "shake > shook—> shaken Ide *shoot—> shot shot bin “shut—> shut shut d6ng lai “sing sang—> sung hit “sink sank—> sunk chim, dim ‘sit > sat—> sat ngdi *sleep— slept slept ngil slide slid—> slid trap di “smell > smelt—> smelt ngit “speak spoke—> spoken ni *speed—> sped sped titng te “spell —> spelt—> spelt dah wd ‘spend —> spent—> spent fiéw xai ‘spill > spilt spilt tran ra ‘spread — spread — spreadlantriyén ‘stand stood—> stood ding ‘sting stung stung chich, d6t strike > struck struck dénh “swear—> swore—> swom the ‘sweep swept—> swept quét *swim— swam— swum boi, Idi *swing—> swung—>swung dink ds *take> took—> taken odin, ndm teach taught taught day tear tore torn xf rhch tell told told bio, hé ‘think thought thought suy nghi “throw threw thrown ném “thrust thrust—> thrust di mgnh > wove—> woven dét pt wept Kb yet—> wet—> wet lim ist jin won—> won thing ‘write wrote—> written viét () C6 thé them “ed” 48 thanh lap 2/3. oc10) Nguyén nhan ~ két qua: 50 + adj/adv + that clause such (a/an) + adj + N + that clause too + adj/adv (+ for 0) + to +V not + adj + enough (+ for ©) + to +V Ex: The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it. > It was such cold water that the children couldn't swim in it > The water was too cold for the children to swim in. The water isn’t warm enough for the children to swim i “LU Y: ~ Trong cu tric so/such ... that, ta gid Iai ti “it”. ~ Trong effu tric too,..to va not...enough...to, a bd ti “it”, 11) Myc dich/nguyén nhan: -S+V + tofin order to/so as to + V +S +V+so that/in order that +S + can/could + V -=S+V + because +5 +V Ex: They started early to go to school on time. — They started early so that they could go to school on time. > They started early because they wanted to go to school on time. 12) Lin thd. ~ This is the first time that 13) ¥ ki€n/danh gié mot sy vide ~It + be + adj (for 0) + to V > To VIV-ing + be + adj (for 0) Ex: It is not easy for me to master English. > To master/Mastering English is not easy for me. It’s more dangerous to drive a motorbike than to drive a car. To drive a motorbike is more dangerous than to drive a car. = Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than driving a car. 14) Mat ... (thoi gian) lam vige gi: +S + spend + time + V-ing hole $ + last + time > It+ takes/took + 0 + time + to V xc He spent 15 minutes finishing this exercise. Ittook him 15 minutes to finish this exercise. ‘The flight to Hong Kong lasts about 8 hours. > It takes about 8 hours to fly to Hong Kong. 15) Théi quen hign tai va trong qué khit: ~S + often/usually + V +S + find + it + adj +toV NG S+ be used to + V-ing Ex: They usually drink beer. > They're used-to drinking beer. ——— I don’t find it difficult to get up early. > Tam used to getting up early. 2 $+ used to+ V > S+no longer + V=S+ not... any ‘more/any longer Ex: He used to smoke cigarettes. > He no longer smokes cigarettes. > He doesn’t smoke cigarettes any more / any longer. Luu Y: be used to + V/be used for + V-ing: cong dung mét vat. Ex: What is money used for? + Itis used to buy or sell goods. Its used for buying or selling