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Bu i 2:

S! D# LI&U
Gio vin: T) Thc Nhu Khoa CNTT tr+,ng /H L)c H0ng

L+4c 50 CSDL /0 g6 n8i th9t (2007)


1. LO$I_G'(M_L, TN_L) : M6i lo)i g6 c m8t m s; duy nh9t 5< phn bi>t v?i nhAng lo)i g6 khc (M_L) v m8t tn gBi (TN_L) duy nh9t. 2. MU_G'(M_M, TN_M) : M6i mu c m8t m s; duy nh9t 5< phn bi>t v?i nhAng mu khc (M_M) v m8t tn gBi (TN_M) duy nh9t. 3. T*+NG-THCH-G'-MU(M_L, M_M) : M6i b8 cCa quan h> lin quan 5Fn m8t lo)i g6 (M-L) v m8t mu t+-ng thch v?i lo)i g6 5 (M_M). 4. ,.-G'(M-,G, TN-,G, M-L, GI-B/) : M6i b8 50 g6 c m8t m s; duy nh9t 5< phn bi>t v?i nhAng b8 50 g6 khc (M-/G), m8t tn gBi (TN-/G) duy nh9t, thu8c m8t lo)i g6 duy nh9t v c m8t gi bn trBn b8 chuGn duy nh9t (GI-BH). Gi trBn b8 5+4c xc 5Jnh th9p h-n 10% tLng 5-n gi cCa tMng thnh phNn c9u thnh nn b8 5 5. THNH-PH0N(M-TP, TN-TP, KCH-TH*1C) : M6i thnh phNn c m8t m thnh phNn duy nh9t (M-TP) 5< phn bi>t v?i nhAng thnh phNn khc, c m8t tn gBi duy nh9t (TN-TP), m8t kch th+?c duy nh9t. 6. TP-LG(M-TP, M-L, ,+N-GI) : M6i thnh phNn (M_TP) trong m8t lo)i g6 (M_L) c m8t 5-n gi bn duy nh9t. 7. C3U_THNH_,G(M_TP, M_,G, S5_L*6NG_CHU7N) : M6i thnh phNn (M_TP) lin quan 5Fn m8t b8 50 g6 (M_/G) c m8t s; l+4ng chuGn c9u t)o nn b8 50 g6 5.
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Cu hOi:
1. Hy pht bi9u, m;t cch hnh th<c (khng m t> A dCng vDn b>n), tFt c> rng bu;c ton vHn cng tIm >nh h=Ang cKa n, (khng cIn pht bi9u nhMng rng bu;c dCng phO thu;c hm suy tP cc kha, dCng phO thu;c tRn tCi do c kha ngoCi hoSc lRng kha v rng bu;c vT miTn trU lin quan WXn ki9u cKa thu;c tnh). 2. Hy viXt cu truy vFn sau bYng ngn ngM SQL chuZn: Tnh gi bn cKa m;t b; WR g[ trang bU cho phng Dn, gRm m;t b; bn Dn chuZn v]i 6 ghX c m s^ BA195 bYng g[ xoan Wo mu vHc-ni nu W_m v 2 k` tK c m s^ K005 v kch th=]c ngang 90, cao 220, su 45 v]i 5 tFm ngDn cho m[i k` (v]i kch th=]c nh= yu cIu s^ tFm ngDn trong b; chuZn l 4). 3. NXu cng ty quyXt WUnh cha bn tFt c> b; WR g[ theo cFu thnh chuZn, th c ph>i chanh sca l=dc WR CSDL khng? Hy cha ra nhMng thu;c tnh khng cn cIn thiXt, nXu c.

Cho l+4c 50 CSDL: Olympic Tin hBc ton qu;c (2005)


N/I_DUNG_THI(#NDT, M_Te_NDT, LO$I) Difn gi>i: M[i n;i dung thi c m;t m s^ (#NDT) W9 phn bi`t v]i nhMng n;i dung thi khc, c m;t m t> (M_Te_NDT), thu;c m;t loCi (LO$I) "c nhn" | "t_p th9" TH_SINH_C_NHN(#TSCN, TN_TSCN, #NDT, #TS,, #G) Difn gi>i: M[i m;t th sinh c nhn c m;t m s^ (#TSCN) W9 phn bi`t v]i nhMng th sinh khc, tn (TN_TSCN), WDng k thi m;t n;i dung thi nXu khng ph>i l thnh vin cKa m;t W;i (#NDT) v W=dc xXp vo m;t gi>i nXu c thgng (#G). NXu th sinh c nhn l thnh vin cKa m;t W;i th c m;t m th sinh W;i (#TS,). TH_SINH_,/I(#TS,, TN_,, TS_TV) Difn gi>i: M[i th sinh W;i c m;t m s^ duy nhFt (#TS,) W9 phn bi`t v]i nhMng W;i khc, m;t tn ghi (TN_,), c m;t t ng s^ thnh vin (TS_TV). ,K_THI_,(#TS,, #NDT, #G) Difn gi>i: M;t WDng k thi lin quan WXn m;t W;i v m;t n;i dung thi duy nhFt (#TS,, #NDT), W=dc xXp vo m;t gi>i nXu c thgng (#G). GIeI(#G, TN_G, TRi_GI, #NDT, LO$I_G) Difn gi>i: M[i gi>i c m;t m s^ duy nhFt (#G) W9 phn bi`t v]i nhMng gi>i khc, m;t tn ghi (TN_G), c m;t trU gi (TRi_GI), l gi>i cKa m;t n;i dung thi (#NDT) v thu;c m;t loCi gi>i (1, 2, 3, khuyXn khch).
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Cu hOi:
1. Hy diPn giQi nghRa cCa m8t b8 thu8c quan h> TH_SINH_C_NHN khi #NDT, #G c trJ Tr;ng. 2. Hy pht bi<u, m8t cch hnh thTc (khng m tQ U d)ng vVn bQn), t9t cQ rng bu8c ton vXn, ngoi rng bu8c d)ng phY thu8c hm suy tM cc kha, trong cc quan h> TH_SINH_C_NHN, TH_SINH_/HI. 3. Hy viFt cu truy v9n sau bZng ngn ngA SQL chuGn: Cho biFt danh sch tn cc thnh vin thu8c 58i 5)t giQi 3, kFt quQ phQi 5+4c nhm theo tn 58i v trong m6i 58i s[p xFp theo thT t\ ABC tn thnh vin. 4. M hnh 5 cho c chTa trng l[p thng tin trong 3 quan h> NHI_DUNG_THI, /K_THI_/, GI]I? NFu c, hy ch_ ra m8t cch cY th< v diPn giQi nghRa.
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Rng bu;c ton vHn (Integrety Constraints)

Kh i ni`m Khi
RBTV l nhMng qui WUnh lin quan WXn dM li`u l=u trM trn cc quan h`. Cc qui WUnh cIn ki9m tra khi thkc hi`n cc thao tc thm, sca hay xa dM li`u. V dO: - ,i9m mn hhc c gi trU tP 0 WXn 10 - Ngy WSt hng khng l]n hBn ngy giao hng.

Khai bo RBTV
M;t RBTV W=dc khai bo thng qua cc WSc tr=Bng sau: N;i dung RBTV: C th< 5+4c pht bi<u bZng ngn ngA t\ nhin hoac ngn ngA hnh thTc nh+ /)i s; quan h>, Php ton quan h>, M giQ (pseudo code) B^i c>nh: L nhAng quan h> c khQ nVng bJ vi ph)m RBTV khi th\c hi>n cc php cbp nhbt B>ng tIm >nh h=Ang: Xc 5Jnh thao tc cbp nhbt no cNn phQi ki<m tra RBTV khi 5+4c th\c hi>n trn quan h> b;i cQnh

TnRB Q1

Thm Xa +

S$a + [thu c tnh]

Cc php ton /)i s; quan h>


Trn t_p hdp
H8i (union) Giao (intersec) TrM (difference)

Rt trch 1 phIn cKa quan h`


ChBn (selection) ChiFu (projection)

KXt hdp cc quan h`


Tch Cartesian (Cartesian product) KFt (join)

Php gn:
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Php ton tbp h4p


Hai l=dc WR quan h` R(A1, A2, , An) v S(B1, B2, , Bn)
R A B 1 2 1 S A B 2 3

Php H;i (union) cKa R v S : Php Giao (intersec) cKa R v S: Php TrP (difference) cKa R v S:

R S = { t / tR tS } R S = { t / tR tS } R S = { t / tR tS }

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Rt trch 1 phNn cCa quan h>


Php Chhn (selection): K hi`u: Cch 1:

(R)

Cch 2: R : P Php ChiXu (projection) K hi`u: Cch 1:


Cch 2:

A1, A2, , Ak(R)

R[A1, A2,, Ak]

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KFt h4p cc quan h>


R A B 1 2 S B C 10 10 20 10 D + + -

Tch Cartesian (Cartesian product)


RS A R.B 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 S.B C 10 10 20 10 10 10 20 10 D + + + + -

Php KXt (Join)


R
A=S.B

R.B 1 2 2

S.B

C 10 10 20

D + + -

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Php gn
,=dc sc dOng W9 nh_n lFy kXt qu> tr> vT cKa m;t php ton
Th+,ng l kFt quQ trung gian trong chu6i cc php ton

K hi`u V dO
B1 B2 S

P (R) A1, A2, , Ak (S)

KQ

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Hm kFt h4p
AVGQuan_h`(bi9u_th<c) MINquan_h`(bi9u_th<c) MAXquan_h`(bi9u_th<c) SUMquan_h`(bi9u_th<c) COUNTquan_h`(bi9u_th<c)

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Php ton quan h`


Cc php ton logic:
PhC 5Jnh() Ko theo () N;i licn ( - Conjunction) N;i r,i ( - Disjunction)

Cc l=dng tP:
V?i mBi ( ) T0n t)i ( )

BiXn b;:
t NHANVIEN s PHONGBAN (s.MaPB = t.PB)

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Phn loCi RBTV


M;t quan h`
Micn gi trJ Lin b8 Lin thu8c tnh

NhiTu quan h`
Tham chiFu Lin b8 - lin quan h> Lin thu8c tnh - lin quan h> Thu8c tnh tLng h4p Chu trnh

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RBTV - Micn gi trJ cCa m8t thu8c tnh


Qui WUnh cc gi trU cho m;t thu;c tnh
V dO: N/I_DUNG_THI(#NDT, M_Te_NDT, LO$I) N i dung: Lo$i n i dung thi l "c nhn" hay "t&p th'" q NHI_DUNG_THI : (q.LOdI ="c nhn" q.LOdI ="tbp th<" ) B;i cQnh: NHI_DUNG_THI TNm Qnh h+Ung: Thm N/I_DUNG_THI + Xa S$a + [LO'I]

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RB Lin thu8c tnh trn m8t quan h>


Qui WUnh gi trU giMa cc thu;c tnh trn cng m;t b; cKa Quan h`
V dO: Th sinh khng l thnh vin W;i ph>i WDng k thi m;t n;i dung, ng=dc lCi nXu th sinh l th sinh W;i th #NDT v #G c gi trU r[ng N8i dung: t TH_SINH_C_NHN: ((t.#TSD=NULL t.#NDT <>NULL) (t.#TSD<>NULL (t.#NDT = NULL t.#G = NULL))) B;i cQnh: TH_SINH_C_NHN TNm Qnh h+Ung: Thm Xa TH_SINH_C_NHN + S$a + [#TSD, #NDT, #G]

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RBTV - Lin b8 trn m8t quan h>


Qui WUnh gi trU giMa cc b; trong m;t quan h`. ,St bi`t l rng bu;c gi trU phn bi`t trn kha cKa quan h`. V du: GI]I(#G, TN_G, TRe_GI, #NDT, LOdI_G)
N;i dung:
- Ngn ngM tk nhin: #NDT, Loai_G c gi trU phn bi`t giMa cc b; trong quan h` GieI - Ngn ngM hnh th<c:

u, t Gi]I: (u <> t (u.#NDT <> t.#NDT u.Loai_G<> t.Loai_G))


B^i c>nh: GieI TIm >nh h=Ang:
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RB Tham chiFu
L RB gi trU tham chiXu cKa kha ngoCi ph>i tRn tCi trn quan h` W=dc tham chiXu. N8i dung:
Ngn ngM tk nhin: #NDT trong quan h> GI]I phQi t0n t)i trong quan h> NHI_DUNG_THI Ngn ngM hnh th<c:

t GI]I s NHI_DUNG_THI : (s.#NDT = t.#NDT) Hay

#NDT

(GI]I) #NDT (NHI_DUNG_THI)

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RBTV lin b; - lin quan h`


L qui WUnh c tnh chFt t ng hdp trn tPng nhm cc b; giMa cc quan h` V dY: TH_SINH_/HI(#TS/, TN_/, TS_TV) TH_SINH_C_NHN(#TSCN, TN_TSCN, #NDT, #TS/, #G)
Ngn ngM tk nhin: S; th sinh cCa m8t 58i trong TH_SINH_C_NHN phQi bZng TS_TV trong TH_SINH_/HI Ngn ngM hnh th<c: t TH_SINH_/HI: TSCN

#TSD = t.#TSD (TH_SINH_C_NHN)

t.TS_TV = COUNTTSCN (#TSD)

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RBTV lin thu;c tnh - lin quan h`


L rng bu;c gi trU thu;c tnh cKa m;t b; trn quan h` ny v]i gi trU thu;c tnh cKa m;t b; trn quan h` khc. V dO: DDH( MaDH, NgayDH, MaNCU) GiaoHang(MaPG, MaDH, NgayGH)

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RBTV do chu trnh


L=dc WR CSDL c th9 W=dc bi9u difn bYng WR thU
/_nh
Quan h> Thu8c tnh
Tn quan h> Tn thu8c tnh

C)nh
/+,ng n;i m8t 5_nh quan h> v?i m8t 5_nh thu8c tnh trong l+4c 50 CSDL
Tn quan h> Tn thu8c tnh

Chu trnh
/0 thJ xu9t hi>n 5+,ng 5i khp kn ~ L+4c 50 CSDL c chu trnh
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/0 thJ l+4c 50 CSDL


NHANVIEN(MANV, TENNV, PB) PHONGBAN(MAPB, TENPB) DEAN(MADA, TENDA, MAPB) PHANCONG(SODA, NV, NGAYTG)
PB=MAPB TENNV TENDA

PB=MAPB

NHANVIEN

DEAN

MANV=NV PHONGBAN TENPB PHANCONG


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SODA=MADA

NGAYTG

Nhn vin ch_ 5+4c phn cng vo cc 5c n do phng ban cCa mnh phY trch
PB=MAPB

NHANVIEN

MANV, MADA

DEAN

MANV=NV

NV, SODA PHANCONG

SODA=MADA

NV,SODA (PHANCONG) MANV,MADA (NHANVIEN


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PB=MAPB

DEAN)

SQL
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Cc php ton
1. Cc php ton s^ hhc: * (nhn), / (chia), % (ph n d#); + (c$ng), - (tr'). 2. Php n^i chu[i : +

3. Cc php ton so snh: <, <=, >, >=, =, <> KXt qu> php so snh l gi trU lgc (True hoSc False). 4. Cc php ton lgic: NOT, AND (conjunction), OR (disjunction). KXt qu> cc php ton lgc l m;t gi trU lgc.

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Cc php ton (tt)


5. Cc php ton phCm vi: a) <BT> IS [NOT] NULL b) <BT> [NOT] IN (<danh sch gi tr*>) c) <BT> [NOT] BETWEEN <Min> AND <Max> d) <BT> [NOT] LIKE M,u v.b.n
K tk % _ nghna WCi di`n Chu[i k tk bFt kl gRm khng hoSc nhiTu k tk K tk WBn bFt kl

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SELECT <danh sch cc c$t> [INTO new_table ] [FROM <b)ng ngu+n>] [WHERE <,i-u ki/n ch0n dng> ] [GROUP BY <danh sch kha g$p nhm>] [HAVING <,i-u ki/n ch0n nhm> ] [ORDER BY <tnc$t>|<bi1uth3c> [ASC | DESC] [ , ...n] ] Th< tk thkc hi`n: FromoWhere o Group By o Having o Select o Order

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1- M`nh WT FROM
Cha WUnh b>ng ch<a dM li`u cIn truy vFn. B>ng dM li`u cpng c th9 l: SubQuery C php: FROM <b>ng nguRn> [AS] <nhn> 1. Php tch Decaster: From Q1, Q2, (SubQuery) As Q3 From <Q1> CROSS JOIN < Q2> 2. Php kXt: <Q1> Inner Join < Q2> On <5icu ki>n kFt> <Q1> Left Join < Q2> On <5icu ki>n kFt> <Q1> Right Join < Q2> On <5icu ki>n kFt> <Q1> Full Join < Q2> On <5icu ki>n kFt>
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2- M`nh WT SELECT
2.1 Cha WUnh cc c;t thng tin cIn hi9n thU 2.2 Gi]i hCn cc dng cIn hi9n thU 2.3 TCo m]i m;t b>ng v]i cc b; gi trU lFy tP CSDL

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2.1 Cha WUnh cc c;t thng tin cIn hi9n thU


SELECT <DS_C;t> <DS_C;t> ::= { * | tn_b>ng.* | Tn_C8t [ [AS] Nhn_C8t ] | Bi<u_thTc [ [AS] Nhn_c8t ] | Nhn_c8t = Bi<u_thTc } [,...n]
Gi>i thch: D9u * : hi<n thJ t9t cQ cc c8t cCa cc bQng ngu0n Tn_B>ng.* : Hi>n t9t cQ cc c8t cCa bQng ngu0n. Tn_B>ng.Tn_C;t : NFu trng tn c8t
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2.2 Gi]i hCn cc dng cIn hi9n thU:


SELECT [DISTINCT] [TOP n [PERCENT] [ WITH TIES] ] <column_list> FROM <table_list> DISTINCT : Ch_ hi>n nhAng dng c dA li>u phn bi>t.

Mac 5Jnh cc dng trng dA li>u 5cu 5+4c xu9t hi>n trong kFt quQ. tin. n l s; nguyn tT 0 5Fn 100.

TOP n [PERCENT] : ch_ hi>n n dng hoac n% dng 5Nu WITH TIES: hi>n lun nhAng dng c cng gi trJ cCa

nhAng c8t kha s[p xFp trong m>nh 5c ORDER BY.

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4- M>nh 5c WHERE <search_condition>


Chhn lka nhMng mqu tin theo WiTu ki`n. Cc php ton trn t_p mqu tin:
3.1 <Bi<u thTc> In (Subquery) 3.2 <Bi<u thTc> <php ton> [ALL|ANY] (SubQuery):
<Php ton> c th< l cc php so snh s; hBc (>, >=, <, <=, <>, =) hoac php ton tbp h4p IN, LIKE hoac NOT LIKE. Php so snh (= ANY) t+-ng 5+-ng v?i php ton IN; Php so snh (<> ALL) t+-ng 5+-ng v?i php ton NOT IN.

3.3 [NOT] EXISTS(SubQuery) : TrQ vc True nFu subquery c mgu tin.

Php kXt:
Php kFt bZng: column_name = column_name Php kFt ngoi (outer join): column_name { *= | =* } column_name
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5- T ng hdp dM li`u:
1. Cc hm t ng hdp 2. T ng hdp trn ton b; dM li`u 3. T ng hdp tPng nhm dM li`u v]i GROUP BY v HAVING

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1- Cc hm t ng hdp:
AVG( [Distinct] bi<u thTc) Count( * ) Count( [Distinct] bi<u thTc) Max(bi<u thTc) Min(bi<u thTc) Sum( [Distinct] bi<u thTc)

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2- T ng hdp trn tFt c> mqu tin


Sc dOng cc hm t ng hdp trong m`nh WT Select KXt qu> tr> vT m;t dng ch<a gi trU cKa cc hm t ng hdp. V dO: Cho biXt s^ mSt hng, WBn gi cao nhFt, WBn gi thFp nhFt c trong table MATHANG.
SELECT SoMH = Count(*), DGMax = Max(DonGia), DGMin = Min(DonGia) FROM MatHang

V dO: Cho biXt s^ mSt hng W bn trong ngy cu^i cng:


SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT MaMH) FROM HoaDon, CTHD WHERE HoaDon.NgayHD IN (SELECT MAX(NgayHD) FROM HoaDon) AND HoaDon.MaHD = CTHD.MaHD
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3- T ng hdp trn tPng nhm mqu tin: GROUP BY <ds kha g$p nhm> HAVING <,i-u ki/n ch0n nhm>
M`nh WT Group By cha WUnh cc c;t lm chuZn W g;p nhm mqu tin. M[i nhm mqu tin tr> vT m;t dng t ng hdp. M`nh WT HAVING <,i-u ki/n ch0n nhm> : Dng cha WUnh nhMng dng t ng hdp xuFt hi`n ph>i thra mn WiTu ki`n cha WUnh. <WiTu ki`n chhn nhm> c th9 ch<a cc hm t ng hdp

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V dY: Li>t k s; ha 54n v ticn tMng ha 5-n


Select SoHD, Sum(SL)* DonGia AS TienHD From CTHD Inner Join MatHang On CTHD.MaMH = MatHang.MaMH Group By SoHD, DonGia Having Sum(SL)* DonGia > 20000

Ch : M/nh ,- GROUP BY ph)i ch3a t5t c) cc c$t khng s7 d8ng trong cc hm t:ng h;p c trong m/nh ,- SELECT.
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Php ton t_p hdp trong SQL


H;i:
SELECT <ds c8t> FROM <ds bQng> WHERE <5icu ki>n> UNION [ALL] SELECT <ds c8t> FROM <ds bQng> WHERE <5icu ki>n>

Giao:
SELECT <ds c8t> FROM <ds bQng> WHERE <5icu ki>n> INTERSECT [ALL] SELECT <ds c8t> FROM <ds bQng> WHERE <5icu ki>n>

Hi`u:
SELECT <ds c8t> FROM <ds bQng> WHERE <5icu ki>n> EXCEPT [ALL] SELECT <ds c8t> FROM <ds bQng> WHERE <5icu ki>n>
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DCng chuZn (Normal Forms)


DCng chuZn 1: Cc thu;c tnh ph>i l thu;c tnh WBn DCng chuZn 2: ,Ct dCng chuZn 1 v cc thu;c tnh khng thu;c kha ph>i phO thu;c WIy WK vo cc kha cKa quan h`. DCng chuZn 3: ,Ct dCng chuZn 2 v cc thu;c tnh khng thu;c kha th khng phO thu;c bgc cIu vo cc kha cKa. DCng chuZn BCK: ,Ct dCng chuZn 3 v VX tri cc phO thuc hm WTu ph>i ch<a kha cKa quan h`.

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Cu 4: 5c 2005
M hnh 5 cho c chTa trng l[p thng tin trong 3 quan h> NHI_DUNG_THI, /K_THI_/, GI]I? NFu c, hy ch_ ra m8t cch cY th< v diPn giQi nghRa. N/I_DUNG_THI(#NDT, M_Te_NDT, LO$I) ,K_THI_,(#TS,, #NDT, #G) GIeI(#G, TN_G, TRi_GI, #NDT, LO$I_G)

Do c phY thu8c hm: #G h #NDT c tM quan h> Gi>i nn quan h> /K_THI_/ khng 5)t d)ng chuGn BCK. Nh+ vby /K_THI_/ c th< chTa nhAng b8 gi trJ m (#NDT, #G) khng thu8c Gi>i hay

#G, #NDT

(/K_THI_/) #G, #NDT (GI]I)

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L+4c 50 CSDL BQo hi<m xe c- gi?i (2006)


MiC-BH(LOdI-XE, MjC-/CH-SD, BH-VC-100, /G-BH-NG$lI, G-BH-NG$lI-NGOI) DiPn giQi: M6i mTc bQo hi<m lin quan 5Fn m8t lo)i xe (LOdI-XE) v m8t mYc 5ch sm dYng xe (MjC/CH-SD) duy nh9t. Ng+,i ta ghi nhbn m8t gi bQo hi<m vbt ch9t nFu xe m?i 100% (BH-VC-100), m8t 5-n gi bQo hi<m cho m6i ng+,i ng0i trn xe (/G-BH-NG$lI) v m8t trJ gi bQo hi<m t;i 5a cho nhAng ng+,i ngoi xe (G-BH-NG$lI-NGOI). MYc 5ch sm dYng xe g0m c nhn, chU khch. HS-BH(#HS, B]NG-Sn-XE, LOdI-XE, MjC-/CH-SD, NpM-B/-SD, NGY-K-H/, Sn-CHq-NGsI) DiPn giQi: M6i h0 s- bQo hi<m c m8t m s; duy nh9t (#HS) 5< phn bi>t v?i nhAng h0 s- khc, m8t bQng s; xe duy nh9t (B]NG-Sn-XE), lin quan 5Fn m8t lo)i xe v m8t mYc 5ch sm dYng duy nh9t (LOdI-XE, MjC-/CH-SD), c m8t ngy k h4p 50ng bQo hi<m 5Nu tin (NGY-K-H/), v m8t nVm b[t 5Nu sm dYng xe (NpM-B/-SD), v m8t s; ch6 ng0i t;i 5a (Sn-CHt-NGsI). QT-HS-BH(#HS, NpM-BH, TG-BH-VC, BH-NG$lI?, BH-NG$lI-NGOI?, TqNG-TG-BH, %MvI) DiPn giQi: M6i b8 cCa qu trnh h0 s- bQo hi<m lin quan 5Fn m8t h0 s- (#HS) v m8t nVm mua bQo hi<m (NpM-BH). Ng+,i ta ghi nhbn trJ gi bQo hi<m vbt ch9t cCa nVm 5 cho h0 s- 5 (TG-BH-VC), c mua bQo hi<m ng+,i ng0i trn xe khng (BH-NG$lI?), c mua bQo hi<m cho ng+,i ngoi xe khng (BH-NG$lI-NGOI?), tLng trJ gi bQo hi<m (TqNG-TG-BH) v tw l> % m?i cCa xe 5+4c ghi nhbn trong nVm 5 (%MvI). Ghi ch: BQo hi<m vbt ch9t (cho xe) l lo)i bQo hi<m t;i thi<u phQi mua, cn hai lo)i bQo hi<m vc ng+,i th ty chBn. C m8t cng thTc 5ac th 5< tnh trJ gi bQo hi<m vbt ch9t hng nVm cho m8t xe, phY thu8c vo 2 yFu t;: tw l> % m?i cCa xe v s; lNn tai n)n mTc 58 3 trU ln trong nVm tr+?c. TG-BHVC l kFt quQ cCa vi>c p dYng cng thTc. TAI-NdN(#HS, NGY-TN, MiC-/H-TN, CP-VC, CP-NG$lI, CP-NG$lI-NGOI) DiPn giQi: M6i tai n)n lin quan 5Fn m8t h0 s- v m8t ngy xy ra tai n)n. Ng+,i ta ghi nhbn mTc 58 tai n)n (MiC-/H-TN), chi ph vbt ch9t m cng ty bQo hi<m phQi thanh ton 5< sma chAa xe 5+4c bQo hi<m v xe n)n nhn (CP-VC), chi ph b0i th+,ng cho ng+,i ng0i trn xe - nFu c (CP-NG$lI), chi ph b0i th+,ng cho ng+,i ngoi xe - nFu c43 (CP-NG$lI-NGOI).

Cu hOi:
1. Hy pht bi9u, m;t cch hnh th<c (khng m t> A dCng vDn b>n), tFt c> rng bu;c ton vHn cng tIm >nh h=Ang cKa n, (khng cIn pht bi9u nhMng rng bu;c dCng phO thu;c hm suy tP cc kha, dCng phO thu;c tRn tCi do c kha ngoCi v rng bu;c vT miTn gi trU lin quan WXn ki9u cKa thu;c tnh). 2. Hy viXt cu truy vFn sau bYng ngn ngM SQL chuZn: Cho biXt danh sch cc s^ hdp WRng b>o hi9m cng b>ng s^ xe cKa nhMng xe khng c tai nCn no trong 3 nDm cu^i cng (k9 tP nDm hi`n hnh). 3. NXu nh n=]c thay W i quy WUnh bgt bu;c mhi chK xe ph>i mua WK 3 loCi b>o hi9m, bFt k9 mOc Wch sc dOng l g, th c ph>i chanh sca l=dc WR CSDL khng? Hy cha ra nhMng chanh sca, nXu c.
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