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CHÖÔNGV

PHÖÔNG TRÌNH ÑOÁI XÖÙNG THEO SINX, COSX

a ( sin x + cos x ) + b sin x cos x = c (1)


Caù c h giaû i
Ñaët t = sin x + cos x vôùi ñieàu kieän t ≤ 2
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
Thì t = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
Ta coù : t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x neân (1) thaønh
b 2
at +
2
( )
t −1 = c

⇔ bt 2 + 2at − b − 2c = 0
Giaû i (2) tìm ñöôïc t, roà i so vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
⎛ π⎞
giaû i phöông trình 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = t ta tìm ñöôï c x
⎝ 4⎠
Baø i 106 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x + sin2 x + cos3 x = 0 ( *)

(
(*) ⇔ sin x (1 + sin x ) + cos x 1 − sin2 x = 0 )
⇔ (1 + sin x ) = 0 hay sin x + cos x (1 − sin x ) = 0
⎡sin x = −1 (1 )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x + cos x − sin x cos x = 0 ( 2 )
π
• (1) ⇔ x = − + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
2
⎛ π⎞
•Xeùt ( 2 ) : ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
ñieàu kieän t ≤ 2 thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
t2 − 1
Vaä y (2) thaø n h t − =0
2
⇔ t 2 − 2t − 1 = 0
⎡t = 1 − 2
⇔⎢
⎢⎣ t = 1 + 2 ( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞
Do ñoù ( 2 ) ⇔ 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1 − 2
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞ 2
⇔ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − 1 = cos ϕ vôùi 0 < ϕ < 2π
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π 2
⇔ x− = ±ϕ + h2π, h ∈ , vôùi cos ϕ = −1
4 2
π 2
⇔ x = ± ϕ + h2π, h ∈ , vôùi cos ϕ = −1
4 2

3
Baø i 107 : Giaû i phöông trình −1 + sin 3 x + cos3 x = sin 2x ( *)
2
3
( *) ⇔ −1 + ( sin x + cos x )(1 − sin x cos x ) = sin 2x
2
⎛ π⎞
Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
Thì t2 = 1 + 2sin x cos x
⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞ 3 2
Vaä y (*) thaø n h : −1 + t ⎜⎜ 1 −
2
⎟⎟ =
2
(t −1 )
⎝ ⎠
( ) (
⇔ −2 + t 3 − t 2 = 3 t 2 − 1 )
⇔ t 3 + 3t 2 − 3t − 1 = 0
( )
⇔ ( t − 1) t 2 + 4t + 1 = 0

⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −2 + 3 ∨ t = −2 − 3 ( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞ 1 π
vôùi t = 1 thì sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π π π 3π
⇔ x + = = k2π ∨ x + = + k2π, k ∈
4 4 4 4
π
⇔ x = k2π ∨ x = + k2π , k ∈
2
⎛ π⎞ 3−2
vôù i t = 3 − 2 thì sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π 3−2
⇔ x+ = ϕ + m2π ∨ x + = π − ϕ + m2π, m ∈ , vôùi = sin ϕ
4 4 2
π 3π 3−2
⇔ x =ϕ− + m2π ∨ x = − ϕ + m2π, m ∈ , vôùi = sin ϕ
4 4 2
Baø i 108 :Giaû i phöông trình 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = tgx + cot gx ( *)
⎧sin x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieä n ⎨ ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
⎩cos x ≠ 0
sin x cos x
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = +
cos x sin x
sin2 x + cos2 x 1
⇔ 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = =
sin x cos x sin x cos x
⎛ π⎞
Ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x vôùi t ≤ 2 vaø t 2 ≠ 1
2
(*) thaøn h 2t = 2
t −1
3
⇔ 2t − 2t − 2 = 0
(Hieå n nhieâ n t = ±1 khoâ n g laø nghieä m )
(
⇔ t− 2 )( )
2t 2 + 2t + 2 = 0
⎡t = 2
⇔⎢ 2
⎢⎣ t + 2t + 1 = 0 ( voâ nghieäm )
⎛ π⎞
Vaä y ( *) ⇔ 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 2
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠
π π
⇔ x + = + k2π, k ∈
4 2
π
⇔ x = + k2π, k ∈
4

Baø i 109 : Giaû i phöông trình 3 ( cot gx − cos x ) − 5 ( tgx − sin x ) = 2 ( *)


Vôù i ñieà u kieä n sin 2x ≠ 0 , nhaâ n 2 veá phöông trình cho sinxcosx ≠ 0 thì :
( *) ⇔ 3 cos2 x (1 − sin x ) − 5 sin2 x (1 − cos x ) = 2 sin x cos x
⇔ 3 cos2 x (1 − sin x ) − 5 sin2 x (1 − cos x ) = 5 sin x cos x − 3 sin x cos x
⇔ 3 cos x ⎡⎣cos x (1 − sin x ) + sin x ⎤⎦ − 5 sin x ⎡⎣sin x (1 − cos x ) + cos x ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ 3 cos x ( cos x − sin x cos x + sin x ) − 5 sin x ( sin x − sin x cos x + cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x + cos x − sin x cos x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣3 cos x − 5 sin x = 0 ( 2)
( Ghi chuù : A.B + A.C = A.D ⇔ A = 0 hay B + C = D )
⎛ π⎞
Giaû i (1) Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t2 = 1 + 2sin x cos x vôù i ñieà u kieä n : t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1
t2 − 1
(1) thaøn h : t − = 0 ⇔ t 2 − 2t − 1 = 0
2
(
⎡ t = 1 + 2 loaïi do t ≤ 2
⇔⎢
)
⎢ t = 1 − 2 ( nhaän so vôùi ñieàu kieän )

⎛ π⎞ 1− 2
Vaä y sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin α ( 0 < α < 2π )
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎡ π ⎡ π
⎢ x + = α + k2π ⎢ x = α − + k2π
⇔⎢ 4 ⇔⎢ 4
⎢ x + π = π − α + k2π, k ∈ ⎢ x = 3π − α + k2π, k ∈
⎢⎣ 4 ⎢⎣ 4
3
( 2) ⇔ tgx = = tgβ ⇔ x = β + hπ, h ∈ ( vôùi 0 < β < π )
5

Baø i 110 : Giaû i phöông trình


3 (1 + sin x ) ⎛π x⎞
3tg3 x − tgx + = 8 cos2 ⎜ − ⎟ ( *)
cos x ⎝4 2⎠
2

Ñieà u kieä n : cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin x ≠ ±1


⎡ ⎛π ⎞⎤
( ) ( )
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ tgx 3tg 2 x − 1 + 3 (1 + sin x ) 1 + tg 2 x = 4 ⎢1 + cos ⎜ − x ⎟ ⎥
⎝2 ⎠⎦

= 4 (1 + sin x )
⇔ tgx ( 3tg2 x − 1) + (1 + sin x ) ⎡⎣3 (1 + tg2 x ) − 4 ⎤⎦ = 0

⇔ ( 3tg 2 x − 1) ( tgx + 1 + sin x ) = 0


⇔ ( 3tg 2 x − 1) ( sin x + cos x + sin x cos x ) = 0
⎡3tg 2 x = 1 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0 (2)
1 3 π
•(1) ⇔ tg 2 x = ⇔ tgx = ± ⇔ x = ± + kπ
3 3 6
⎛ π⎞
• Giaûi ( 2 ) ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1
Thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
t2 −1
(2) thaøn h : t + = 0 ⇔ t 2 + 2t − 1 = 0
2

⇔⎢
(
⎡ t = −1 − 2 loaïi do ñieàu kieän t ≤ 2 )
⎢ t = −1 + 2 ( nhaän so vôùi ñieàu kieän )

⎛ π⎞ 2 −1
Vaä y sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎡ π ⎡ π
⎢ x + 4 = ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ¢ ⎢ x = ϕ − 4 + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⇔⎢ ⇔⎢
⎢ x + π = π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ¢ ⎢ x = 3π − ϕ + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⎣⎢ 4 ⎣⎢ 4
Baø i 111 : Giaû i phöông trình 2sin 3 x − sin x = 2 cos3 x − cos x + cos2x ( *)
(*) ⇔ 2 ( sin 3 x − cos3 x ) − ( sin x − cos x ) + sin 2 x − cos2 x = 0
⇔ sin x − cos x = 0 hay 2 (1 + sin x cos x ) − 1 + ( sin x + cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x − cos x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x + cos x + sin 2x + 1 = 0 ( 2 )
• (1) ⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ¢
4
⎛ π⎞
•xeùt ( 2 ) ñaët t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n : t ≤ 2
t 2 = 1 + sin 2x
Vaäy ( 2 ) thaønh t + ( t 2 − 1) + 1 = 0
⇔ t ( t + 1) = 0 ⇔ t = 0 ∨ t = −1
⎛ π⎞
Khi t = 0 thì cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 4⎠
π π
⇔ x − = ( 2k + 1) , k ∈ ¢
4 2

⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ¢
4
⎛ π⎞ 1 3π
Khi t = −1 thì cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = cos
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π 3π
⇔ x− =± + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
4 4
π
⇔ x = π + k2 π hay x = − + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
2

Baø i 112 : Giaû i phöông trình


sin x + sin 2 x + sin3 x + sin 4 x = cos x + cos2 x + cos3 x + cos4 x ( *)

Ta coù : (*)
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) + ( sin 2 x − cos2 x ) + ( sin 3 x − cos3 x ) + ( sin 4 x − cos4 x ) = 0
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) = 0 hay 1 + ( sin x + cos x ) + (1 + sin x.cos x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x − cos x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣2 ( sin x + cos x ) + sin x cos x + 2 = 0 ( 2 )
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ¢
4
⎛ π⎞
Xeù t (2) : ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
Thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
t2 −1
(2) thaø n h 2t + +2 = 0
2
⇔ t 2 + 4t + 3 = 0
⇔ t = −1 ∨ t = −3 ( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞ 1 3π
khi t = -1 thì cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = cos
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
⎡ π 3π
⎢ x − = + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⇔⎢ 4 4
⎢ x − π = − 3π + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⎢⎣ 4 4
⎡ x = π + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⇔⎢
⎢ x = − π + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⎣ 2

( )
Baø i 113 : Giaû i phöông trình tg 2 x 1 − sin 3 x + cos3 x − 1 = 0 ( *)
Ñieà u kieä n : cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin x ≠ ±1
sin 2 x
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔
cos x
2 (1 − sin 3 x ) + cos3 x − 1 = 0

⇔ (1 − cos x )(1 − sin 3 x ) − (1 − cos3 x )(1 − sin 2 x ) = 0


2

⇔ (1 − cos x )(1 − sin x ) = 0


hay (1 + cos x ) (1 + sin x + sin 2 x ) − (1 + cos x + cos2 x ) (1 + sin x ) = 0
⎡ cos x = 1 ( nhaän do ñieàu kieän )

⇔ ⎢sin x = 1 ( loaïi do ñieàu kieän )
⎢ 2
⎢⎣sin x + sin x cos x − cos x − sin x cos x = 0
2 2 2

⎡ cos x = 1
⇔⎢ 2
⎣sin x − cos x + sin x cos x ( sin x − cos x ) = 0
2

⎡ cos x = 1
⇔⎢
⎣sin x − cos x = 0 hay sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
⎡ cos x = 1 ∨ tgx = 1
⇔⎢
⎣sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
⎡ x = k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⎢ π
⇔ ⎢ x = + kπ, k ∈ ¢
⎢ 4
⎢sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0

xeù t pt sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
ñaë t

(
π⎞
t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟ ñieàu kieän t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1
⎝ 4⎠
)
⇒ t = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
2

t2 − 1
Ta ñöôï c phöông trình t + = 0 ⇔ t 2 + 2t − 1 = 0
2
⎡ t = −1 − 2 ( loaïi )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣ t = − 1 + 2 ( nhaän so vôùi ñk )
⎛ π⎞ 2 −1
Vaä y cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = = cos ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π
⇔ x − = ±ϕ + k2 π, k ∈ ¢ ⇔ x = ± ϕ + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
4 4

Baø i 114 : Cho phöông trình m ( sin x + cos x + 1) = 1 + sin 2x ( *)


⎡ π⎤
Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieäm thuoäc ñoaï n ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ , ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 + sin 2 x
2

Vaä y (*) thaø n h : m ( t + 1) = t 2


π π π 3π
Neá u 0 ≤ x ≤ thì ≤ x + ≤
2 4 4 4
2 ⎛ π⎞
Do ñoù ≤ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 1
2 ⎝ 4⎠
⇔1≤ t ≤ 2
ta coù m ( t + 1) = t 2
t2
⇔m= (do t = -1 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a phöông trình)
t +1
t2
Xeù t y = treân ⎡⎣1, 2 ⎤⎦
t +1
t 2 + 2t
Thì y ' = > 0 ∀t ∈ ⎡⎣1, 2 ⎤⎦
( t + 1)
2

Vaä y y taê n g treâ n ⎡⎣1, 2 ⎤⎦


⎡ π⎤
Vaä y (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎢1, ⎥ ⇔ y (1) ≤ m ≤ y
⎣ 2⎦
( 2)
1
⇔ ≤ m ≤ 2 2 −1
2
( )
Baø i 115 : Cho phöông trình cos3 x + sin 3 x = m sin x cos x ( *)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 2
b/ Tìm m ñeå (*) coù nghieä m
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ( cos x + sin x )(1 − sin x cos x ) = m sin x cos x
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
(
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 )
Thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞ ⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞
Vaä y (*) thaø n h t ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = m ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ t ( 3 − t 2 ) = m ( t 2 − 1)
a/ Khi m = 2 ta coù phöông trình
( )
t ( 3 − t 2 ) = 2 ( t 2 − 1)
⇔ t 3 + 2t 2 − 3t − 2 = 0
( )(
⇔ t − 2 t 2 + 2 2t + 1 = 0 )
⇔ t = 2 hay t = − 2 + 1 hay t = − 2 − 1( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞ π π
Vaä y • cos x ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1 ⇔ x − = k2 π, k ∈ ¢ ⇔ x = + k2 π, k ∈ ¢
⎝ 4⎠ 4 4
⎛ π ⎞ 1− 2
• cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = = cos α
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π
⇔ x − = ±α + k2 π, k ∈ ¢ ⇔ x = ± α + k2π, k ∈ ¢
4 4
b/ Xeù t phöông trình t ( 3 − t ) = k ( t − 1) ( **)
2 2

Do t = ±1 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a (**) neâ n


3t − t 3
( )
* * ⇔ m =
t2 − 1
3t − t 3
Xeù t y = 2 ( C ) treân ⎡⎣− 2, 2 ⎤⎦ \ {±1}
t −1
−t 4 − 3
Ta coù y ' = < 0∀t = ±1
( )
2
t 2
− 1
suy ra y giaûm treân ( −1,1 ) vaø
lim y = + ∞ , lim− y = − ∞
x → − 1+ x→ 1

Do ñoù treân ( − 1,1 ) ⊂ ⎡⎣ − 2, 2 ⎤⎦ \ {±1} ta coù


3t − t 3
(d) y = m caét (C) y = 2 vôùi ∀m ∈ R
t −1
Vaä y (*) coù nghieä m ∀m ∈ R
Baø i 116 : Cho phöông trình
1⎛ 1 1 ⎞
m ( sin x + cos x ) + 1 + ⎜ tgx + cot gx + + = 0 ( *)
2⎝ sin x cos x ⎟⎠
1
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m =
2
⎛ π⎞
b/ Tìm m ñeå (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Vôùi ñ ieàu kieän sin 2x ≠ 0 ta coù
1 ⎛ sin x cos x 1 1 ⎞
(*) ⇔ m ( sin x + cos x ) + 1 + ⎜ + + + =0
2 ⎝ cos x sin x sin x cos x ⎟⎠
⇔ m sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) + sin 2x + (1 + cos x + sin x ) = 0
⇔ m sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) + sin 2x + 1 + cos x + sin x = 0
⇔ m sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) + sin x + cos x = 0
2

⎡sin x + cos x = 0 (1)


⇔⎢
⎢⎣ m sin 2x + sin x + cos x + 1 = 0 ( 2 )
⎛ π⎞
Xeù t (2) ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 + sin 2 x
2

Do sin 2x ≠ 0 neân t ≤ 2 vaø t = ±1


⎡t = 0
Vaä y (*) thaø n h : ⎢
⎢⎣ m ( t − 1) + t + 1 = 0
2

⎡ t = 0 ( nhaän so ñieàu kieän )


⇔⎢
⎢⎣ m ( t − 1) + 1 = 0 ( do t ≠ −1)
1
a/ Khi m = thì ta ñöôï c :
2
⎡t = 0

⎢⎣ t = − 1 ( loaïi do ñieàu kieän )
Vaä y sinx + cosx = 0
⇔ tgx = −1
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ¢
4
π π π π
b/ Ta coù : 0 < x < ⇔ − < x − <
2 4 4 4
Luù c ñoù
2 ⎛ π⎞
< cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ≤ 1 ⇒ 1 < t ≤ 2
2 ⎝ 4⎠
(
Do t = 0 ∉ 1, 2 ⎤⎦
Neâ n ta xeù t phöôn g trình : m ( t − 1) + 1 = 0 ( **)
(**) ⇔ mt = m − 1
1
⇔ t = 1− (do m = 0 thì (**) voâ nghieä m )
m
1
Do ñoù : yeâ u caà u baø i toaùn ⇔ 1 < 1 − ≤ 2
m
⎧ 1 ⎧m < 0
⎪⎪− m > 0 ⎪
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ 1
⎪1 − 2 ≤ 1 ⎪m ≤ 1 − 2 = − 2 − 1
⎪⎩ m ⎩

⇔ m ≤ − 2 −1

Baø i 117 : Cho f ( x ) = cos2 2x + 2 ( sin x + cos x ) − 3sin 2x + m


3

a/ Giaû i phöông trình f(x) = 0 khi m = -3


b/ Tính theo m giaù trò lôù n nhaá t vaø giaù trò nhoû nhaát cuûa f(x)
2
Tìm m cho ⎡⎣ f ( x ) ⎤⎦ ≤ 36 ∀x ∈ R
⎛ π⎞
(
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ñieàu kieän t ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
)
Thì t = 1 + sin 2 x
2

Vaø cos2 2x = 1 − sin 2 2x = 1 − ( t 2 − 1) = −t 4 + 2t 2


2

Vaä y f ( x ) thaønh g ( t ) = − t 4 + 2t 2 + 2t 3 − 3 ( t 2 − 1) + m
a/ Khi m = -3 thì g(t) = 0
(
⇔ −t 2 t 2 − 2t + 1 = 0)
⇔ t = 0∨ t =1
vaäy khi m = -3 thì f( x) = 0
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 1
⇔ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 0 hay cos ⎜ x − ⎟ =
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π π π
⇔ x − = ( 2k + 1) hay x − = ± + k2π, k ∈ ¢
4 2 4 4
3π π
⇔x= + kπ hay x = + k2 π ∨ x = k2 π, k ∈ ¢
4 2
b/ Ta coù g ' ( t ) = −4t + 6t − 2t = −2t ( 2t 2 − 3t + 1)
3 2

⎧g ' ( t ) = 0 1

Vaä y ⎨ ⇔ t = 0 ∨ t = 1∨ t =
⎪⎩t ∈ ⎡⎣ − 2, 2 ⎤⎦ 2

⎛ 1 ⎞ 47
Ta coù : g ( 0 ) = 3 + m = g (1) , g⎜ ⎟ = +m
⎝ 2 ⎠ 16
g ( 2) = 4 2 − 3 + m, g ( 2) = m −3−4 2
Vaä y : Maxf ( x ) = Max g ( t ) = m + 3
x∈ ¡ t∈ ⎡⎣ − 2 , 2 ⎤⎦

Minf ( x ) = Min g ( t ) = m − 3 − 4 2
x∈ R t ∈ ⎡⎣ − 2 , 2 ⎤⎦
2
Do ñoù : ⎡⎣ f ( x ) ⎤⎦ ≤ 36, ∀x ∈ R ⇔ −6 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 6, ∀x ∈ R
⎧Max f ( x ) ≤ 6

⇔⎨ R
⎪⎩Min f (x) ≥ − 6
R

⎧⎪m + 3 ≤ 6
⇔⎨
⎪⎩m − 3 − 4 2 ≥ −6
⇔ 4 2 −3 ≤ m ≤ 3
( )
2
Caù c h khaù c : Ta coù g ( t ) = −t 2 t 2 − 2t + 1 + 3 + m = − ⎡⎣ t ( t − 1) ⎤⎦ + 3 + m
Ñaë t u = t 2 − t
⎡ 1 ⎤
Khi t ∈ ⎡ − 2, 2 ⎤ thì u ∈ ⎢ − ,2 + 2 ⎥ = D
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦
Vaä y g ( t ) = h ( u ) = − u + 3 + m
2

Max f ( x ) = Max g ( t ) = Max h ( u ) = m + 3


R t ∈ ⎡⎣ − 2 , 2 ⎤⎦ u∈D

Min f ( x ) = Min g ( t ) = Min h ( u ) = m − 3 − 4 2


R t ∈ ⎣⎡ − 2 , 2 ⎦⎤ u∈D

Chuù yù 1 : Phöông trình giaû ñoá i xöù n g


a ( sin x − cos x ) + b ( sin x cos x ) = 0
ñaë t t = sinx – cosx
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
thì t = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = − 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 thì t = 1 − 2 sin x cos x
2

Baø i 118 : Giaû i phöông trình 2sin x + cot gx = 2sin 2x + 1 ( *)


Ñieà u kieä n : sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos x = ±1
cos x
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ 2 sin x + = 4 sin x cos x + 1
sin x
⇔ 2 sin2 x + cos x = 4 sin2 x cos x + sin x
⇔ 2 sin2 x − sin x − cos x 4 sin2 x − 1 = 0 ( )
⇔ sin x ( 2 sin x − 1) − cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) ( 2 sin x + 1) = 0
⇔ 2 sin x − 1 = 0 hay sin x − cos x ( 2 sin x + 1) = 0
⎡2 sin x − 1 = 0 (1 )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x − cos x − sin 2x = 0 ( 2)
1
• Ta coù (1) ⇔ sin x = ( nhaän do sin x ≠ 0)
2
π 5π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈
6 6
⎛ π⎞
• Xeùt ( 2 ) Ñaët t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ± 1
Thì t2 = 1 − sin 2x
( )
Vaä y (2) thaø n h : t − 1 − t 2 = 0
⇔ t2 + t − 1 = 0
−1 + 5 −1 − 5
⇔t= ∨t= ( loaïi )
2 2
π ⎞ −1 + 5

Do ñoù : 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ =
⎝ 4⎠ 2
(
nhaän do t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1 )
⎛ π⎞ 5 −1
⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = = sin ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2 2
⎡ π
⎢ x − 4 = ϕ + k2π, k ∈
⇔⎢
⎢ x − π = π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈
⎢⎣ 4
⎡ π
⎢ x = ϕ + 4 + k2π, k ∈
⇔⎢
⎢ x = 5π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈
⎢⎣ 4

Baø i 119 : Giaû i phöông trình


cos 2x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )( *)

( )
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ cos2 x − sin2 x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) ⎡⎣ 2 ( 2 − cos x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) ⎤⎦ − 5 = 0
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) [sin x − cos x + 4] − 5 = 0
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
(*) thaøn h : t ( t + 4 ) − 5 = 0
⇔ t 2 + 4t − 5 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −5 ( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞ 1 π
Vaä y ( *) ⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = = sin
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π π π 3π
⇔ x− = + k2π ∨ x − = + k2π, k ∈
4 4 4 4
π
⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = π + k2π, k ∈
2

Baø i 120 : Giaû i phöông trình cos3 x + sin 3 x = cos 2x ( *)


Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( cos x + sin x )(1 − sin x cos x ) = cos2 x − sin2 x
⇔ cos x + sin x = 0 hay 1 − sin x cos x = cosx − sin x
⎡sin x + cos x = 0 (1 )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x − cos x − sin x cos x + 1 = 0 ( 2)
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ tgx = −1
π
⇔x=− + kπ, k ∈
4
⎛ π⎞
Xeù t (2) ñaë t t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
Thì t2 = 1 − 2sin x cos x
1 − t2
(2) thaøn h t − + 1 = 0 ⇔ t 2 + 2t + 1 = 0
2
⇔ t = −1
⎛ π⎞ 1 ⎛ π⎞
vaä y (2) ⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = sin ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎝ 4⎠
⎡ π π
⎢ x − = − + k2π, k ∈ ⎡ x = k2π, k ∈
⇔⎢ 4 4 ⇔⎢
⎢x − = π 5 π ⎢ x = 3π + k2π, k ∈
+ k2π, k ∈ ⎣ 2
⎢⎣ 4 4

Baø i 121 : Cho phöông trình cos3 x − sin 3 x = m (1 )


a/ Giaû i phöông trình (1) khi m = 1 baè n g caù c h ñaë t aå n phuï t = cos x − sin x
⎡ π π⎤
b/ Tìm m sao cho (1) coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
Ta coù (1) ⇔ ( cos x − sin x )(1 + sin x cos x ) = m
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = cos x − sin x = 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
Thì t2 = 1 − 2sin x cos x
⎛ 1 − t2 ⎞
Vaä y (1) thaø n h : t ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟=m
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

( )
⇔ t 3 − t 2 = 2m ( 2)
a/ Khi m = 1 thì (2) thaø nh t3 − 3t + 2 = 0
( )
⇔ ( t − 1) t 2 + t − 2 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −2 ( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞ 2 π π
Vaä y cos ⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔ x + = ± + k2π, k ∈
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4 4
π
⇔ x = k2π ∨ x = − + k2π, k ∈
2
⎡ π π ⎤ π π
b/ Neá u x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥ thì 0 ≤ x + ≤
⎣ 4 4⎦ 4 2
⎛ π⎞
neâ n 0 ≤ cos ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 1
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ 0 ≤ t = 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
nhaä n xeù t raè n g vôù i moãi t tìm ñöôï c treâ n ⎡⎣0, 2 ⎤⎦
⎡ π π⎤
ta tìm duy nhaá t moä t x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
xeù t f ( t ) = −t + 3t treân ⎡⎣0, 2 ⎤⎦
3

⇒ f ' ( t ) = −3t 2 + 3

⎡ π π⎤
vaä y (1) coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
⇔ ( d ) y = 2m caét ( C ) y = −t 3 + 3t treân ⎡⎣0, 2 ⎤⎦ taï i 2 ñieå m phaâ n bieä t
⇔ 2 ≤ 2m < 2
2
⇔ ≤ m<1
2

Baø i 122 : Cho phöông trình


2 cos 2x + sin2 x cos x + sin x cos2 x = m ( sin x + cos x )( *)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 2
⎡ π⎤
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình (*) coù ít nhaát moä t nghieä m treâ n ⎢0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ 2 ( cos2 x − sin 2 x ) + sin x cos x ( sin x + cos x ) = m ( sin x + cos x )
⇔ cos x + sin x = 0 (1 ) hay 2 ( cos x − sin x ) + sin x cos x = m ( 2 )
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = cos x − sin x = 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟ (ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 )
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 − 2 sin x cos x
2

Ta coù : (1) ⇔ sin x = − cos x


π
⇔ tgx = −1 ⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈
4
1 − t2
Ta coù : (2) thaø nh 2t + =m
2
⇔ −t 2 + 4t + 1 = 2m ( * *)
a/ Khi m = 2 thì (**) thaø n h t 2 − 4t + 3 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = 3 ( loaïi )
⎛ π⎞ 2 π π
vaä y cos ⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔ x + = ± + k2π, k ∈
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4 4
π
⇔ x = k2π ∨ x = − + kπ, k ∈
2
Do ñoù :
π π
( *) ⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = k2π ∨ x = − + k2π, k ∈
4 2
⎡ π⎤ π ⎡ π 3π ⎤
b/ Ta coù x ∈ ⎢0, ⎥ ⇔ x + ∈ ⎢ , ⎥
⎣ 2⎦ 4 ⎣4 4 ⎦
2 ⎛ π⎞ 2
vaä y − ≤ cos ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤
2 ⎝ 4⎠ 2
⇒ −1 ≤ t ≤ 1
π ⎡ π⎤
Do nghieä m x = − + kπ ∉ ⎢0, ⎥ , ∀ k ∈
4 ⎣ 2⎦
Neâ n yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ ( * *) coù nghieä m treâ n [ −1,1]
Xeù t y = −t 2 + 4t + 1 thì y ' = −2t + 4 > 0 ∀t ∈ [ −1,1]
⇒ y taêng treân [ −1,1]
Do ñoù : yeâ u caà u baø i toaùn
⇔ −4 = y ( −1) ≤ 2m ≤ y (1) = 4
⇔ −2 ≤ m ≤ 2
* Chuù yù 2 : Phöông trình löôï n g giaù c daï n g
a ( tgx ± cot gx ) + b ( tg 2 x + cot g 2 x ) = 0
ta ñaët t = tgx ± cot gx thì t 2 = tg 2 x + cot g 2 x ± 2
2
khi t = tgx + cot gx = thì t ≥ 2 ( do sin 2x ≤ 1)
sin 2x

Baø i 123 : Giaû i phöông trình


3tg 2 x + 4tgx + 4 cot gx + 3cot g 2 x + 2 = 0 ( *)
2
Ñaë t t = tgx + cot gx =
sin 2x
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≥ 2
Thì t 2 = tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + 2
(*) thaøn h : 3 ( t 2 − 2 ) + 4t + 2 = 0
⇔ 3t 2 + 4t − 4 = 0
⎡ 2
⎢ t = ( loaïi do ñieàu kieän )
⇔ 3

⎣ t = −2
2
Ta coù : t = −2 ⇔ = −2 ⇔ sin 2x = −1
2 sin x
π
⇔ 2x = − + k2π, k ∈
2
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈
4
Baø i 124 : Giaû i phöông trình
tgx + tg 2 x + tg 3 x + cotgx + cotg 2 x + cotg 3 x = 6 ( *)
Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tg 2 x + cot g 2 x ) + ( tg 3 x + cot g 3 x ) = 6
2
(
⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tgx + cot gx ) − 2 + ( tgx + cot gx ) tg 2 x + cot g 2 x − 1 = 6 )
2 2
⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tgx + cot gx ) ⎡( tgx + cot gx ) − 3⎤ = 8
⎣ ⎦
2
Ñaë t t = tgx + cot gx =
sin 2x
( ñieàu kieän t ≥ 2)
Vaä y (*) thaø n h : t + t 2 + t ( t 2 − 3) = 8
⇔ t 3 + t 2 − 2t − 8 = 0
⎡t = 2
( )
⇔ ( t − 2 ) t 2 + 3t + 4 = 0 ⇔ ⎢ 2
⎣ t + 3t + 4 = 0 ( voâ nghieäm )
⇔t=2
2
Vaä y = 2 ⇔ sin 2x = 1
sin 2x
π
⇔ 2x = + k2π, k ∈
2
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
4

Baø i 125 : Giaû i phöông trình


2
+ 2tg 2 x + 5tgx + 5 cot gx + 4 = 0 ( *)
sin x
2

( )
Caù c h 1 : (*) ⇔ 2 1 + cot g 2 x + 2tg 2 x + 5 ( tgx + cot gx ) + 4 = 0
( )
⇔ 2 tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + 5 ( tgx + cot gx ) + 6 = 0
2
⇔ 2 ⎡( tgx + cot gx ) − 2⎤ + 5 ( tgx + cot gx ) + 6 = 0
⎣ ⎦
2
Ñaë t t = tgx + cot gx = , vôùi t ≥ 2
sin 2x
Ta ñöôï c phöông trình : 2t 2 + 5t + 2 = 0
1
⇔ t = −2 ∨ t = − ( loaïi )
2
2
Vaä y ( *) ⇔ = −2 ⇔ sin 2x = −1
sin 2x
π
⇔ 2x = − + k2π, k ∈
2
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈
4
Caù c h 2 : Ñaë t u = tgx (vôù i ñieà u kieä n u ≠ 0 )

2 5
Vaä y (*) thaø n h : 2 + + 2u 2 + 5u + + 4 = 0
u 2
u

⇔ 2 + 2u 4 + 5u 3 + 5u + 6u 2 = 0
(
⇔ ( u + 1) 2u 3 + 3u 2 + 3u + 2 = 0 )
⇔ ( u + 1)
2
( 2u 2
)
+u+2 =0
⎡u = −1 ( nhaän )
⇔⎢ 2
⎢⎣2u + u + 2 = 0 ( voâ nghieäm )
Vaä y (*) ⇔ tgx = -1
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈
4

Baø i 126 : Cho phöông trình


1
+ cot g 2 x + m ( tgx + cot gx ) + 2 = 0 (1 )
cos x
2

5
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m =
2
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + m ( tgx + cot gx ) + 3 = 0
2
Ñaë t t = tgx + cot gx =
sin 2x
( ñieàu kieän t ≥ 2)
⇒ t 2 = tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + 2
Vaä y (1) thaø n h : t 2 + mt + 1 = 0 ( 2)
5
a/ Khi m = ta ñöôï c phöông trình 2t 2 + 5t + 2 = 0
2
1
⇔ t = −2 ∨ t = − ( loaïi )
2
2
Do ñoù = −2 ⇔ sin 2x = −1
sin 2x
π
⇔ 2x = − + k2π, k ∈
2
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈
4
b/ Caù c h 1 :
Ta coù : (2) ⇔ mt = −1 − t 2
1
⇔ m = − − t (do t = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a (2))
t
1
Xeù t y = − − t vôùi t ≥ 2
t
1 1 − t2
Thì y ' = 2 − 1 =
t t2
Ta coù : y ' = 0 ⇔ t = ±1

Do ñoù (1) coù nghieäm ⇔ (d) caét ( C ) treân ( −∞, −2] U [ 2, +∞ )


5 5
⇔m≤− ∨m≥
2 2
5
⇔ m ≥
2
Caù c h 2 : Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n
⇔ f ( t ) = t 2 + mt + 1 = 0 coù nghieä m t thoû a t ≥ 2
Nhaä n xeù t raè n g do P = 1 neâ n neá u f(t) coù hai nghieäm t1 , t 2 ( vôùi t1 ≤ t2 ) vaø coù
⎪⎧ t1 ≤ 1 ⎧⎪ t1 ≥ 1
nghieäm thì ta coù ⎨ ∨⎨
⎪⎩ t 2 ≥ 1 ⎪⎩ t 2 ≤ 1
Do ñoù :
Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ t1 ≤ −2 < t1 < 2 ∨ −2 < t1 < 2 ≤ t 2
⎪⎧1f ( −2) ≤ 0 ⎪⎧1f ( 2 ) ≤ 0 ⎧−2m + 5 ≤ 0 ⎧−2m + 5 > 0
⇔⎨ ∨⎨ ⇔ ⎨ ∨⎨
⎪⎩1f ( 2 ) > 0 ⎪⎩1f ( −2 ) > 0 ⎩2m + 5 > 0 ⎩2m + 5 ≤ 0
5 5
⇔m≥ ∨m≤−
2 2
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caù c phöông trình :
a/ 1 + cos3 x − sin 3 x = sin x
b/ cos3 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x − 2 = 0
c/ cos 2x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )
d/ cot gx − tgx = sin x + cos x
e/ sin 3 x − cos3 x = sin x − cos x
f/ 1 + tgx = sin x + cos x
⎛ π⎞
g/ sin 2x + 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠
k/ sin 2x − 12 ( sin x − cos x ) + 12 = 0
sin x + cos x
l/ =1
sin 2x + 1
1 − cos 2x 1 − cos3 x
m/ =
1 + cos 2x 1 − sin3 x
n/ 5 ( sin x + cos x ) + sin 3x − cos 3x = 2 2 ( 2 + sin 2x )
o/ 1 + sin x + cos x + sin 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0
p/ sin 2 x cos x − cos 2x + sin x = cos2 x sin x + cos x
r/ cos 2x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )
s/ cos2 x + sin 3 x + cos x = 0
t/ 4 sin3 x − 1 = 3sin x − 3 cos 3x
2. Cho phöông trình sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) = m (1)
a/ Chöù n g minh neá u m > 2 thì (1) voâ nghieä m
b/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 2
3. Cho phöông trình sin 2x + 4 ( cos x − sin x ) = m
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 4
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m
4. Cho phöông trình : sin x cos x − m ( sin x + cos x ) + 1 = 0
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 2
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m ( ÑS : m ≥ 1)
3
5. Cho phöông trình + 3tg 2 x = m ( tgx + cot gx ) = 1
sin x
2

Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m ( ÑS : m ≥ 4 )

Th.S Phạm Hồng Danh


TT luyện thi ĐH CLC Vĩnh Viễn

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