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+ + =
Khi lng phn t ca X:
(g/mol). 92
0,2
18,4
M
X
= =
V d 2. Ha tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai
mui cacbonat kim loi ha tr II v ha tr III bng
dung dch HCl d ta thu c dung dch A v 0,896 lt
kh bay ra (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung
dch A.
Hng dn gii:
Gi 2 mui cacbonat l: XCO
3
v Y
2
(CO
3
)
3
. Cc
phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
XCO
3
+ 2HCl XCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Y
2
(CO
3
)
3
+ 6HCl 2YCl
3
+ 3H
2
O + 3CO
2
(1)
(2)
S mol kh CO
2
bay ra:
(mol) 0,08 04 , 0 2 2n n (mol) 04 , 0
22,4
0,896
n
2 2
CO HCl CO
= = = = =
p dng LBTKL:
mui
m m m m ) m (m
O H CO HCl ) (CO Y XCO
2 2 3 3 2 3
+ + = + +
) m m ( m ) m (m m
O H CO HCl ) (CO Y XCO
2 2 3 3 2 3
+ + + =
mui
(gam). 3,78 ) 44 04 , 0 18 04 , 0 ( 5 , 36 08 , 0 34 , 3 m = + + =
mui
V d 3. Kh m gam hn hp A gm cc oxit
CuO, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
bng kh CO nhit
cao, ngi ta thu c 40 gam hn hp cht rn X v
13,2 gam kh CO
2
. Tm gi tr ca m.
Hng dn gii:
Phn tch: vi bi ton ny, nu gii theo cch
thng thng, tc t s mol ca cc oxit ln lt l x,
y, z, t th c mt kh khn l ta khng th thit lp 4
phng trnh gii ra c cc n. Mt khc, chng
ta cng khng bit lng CO cho c kh ht
cc oxit v kim loi hay khng? l cha k n
hiu sut ca phn ng cng l mt vn gy ra
nhng kh khn! Nhng nu chng ta dng phng
php bo ton khi lng s gip loi b c nhng
kh khn trn v vic tm ra gi tr ca m tr nn ht
sc n gin.
Cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra:
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO 2Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
Fe
3
O
4
+ CO 3FeO + CO
2
FeO + CO Fe + CO
2
CuO + CO Cu + CO
2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ta c:
(gam) 8,4 3 , 0 . 28 m (mol) 3 , 0
44
13,2
n n
CO CO
2
= = = = =
(p) p) ( CO
Khi lng cht rn: m
r
= 40 (gam)
p dng LBTKL:
(p) p) CO CO r A B r A
m m m m m m m m
2
+ = + = +
( CO
(gam). 8 , 4 4 4 , 8 2 , 3 1 0 4 m m
A
= + = =
V d 4. Thu phn hon ton 14,8 gam hn hp
2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau thy cn va
200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c m gam hn
hp 2 mui v 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ru. Tm m.
Hng dn gii:
Gi cng thc chung ca 2 este l: R' COO R
Phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
OH R' COONa R NaOH R' COO R + +
Theo bi ra ta c:
(gam) 8 .0,2 0 4 m (mol) 2 , 0 1 . 2 , 0 n
NaOH NaOH
= = = =
p dng LBTKL:
OH R' NaOH R' COO R COONa R OH R' COONa R NaOH R' COO R
m m m m m m m m + = + = +
(gam). 15 7,8 8 14,8 m m
COONa R
= + = =
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II. Phng php tng gim khi lng
Nguyn tc ca phng php: Da vo s tng
gim khi lng (TGKL) khi chuyn t 1 mol cht A
thnh 1 hoc nhiu mol cht B (c th qua cc giai
on trung gian) ta d dng tnh c s mol ca cc
cht hoc ngc li.
Chng hn:
a) Xt phn ng:
MCO
3
+ 2HCl MCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
Theo phn ng ny th khi chuyn t 1 mol MCO
3
1 mol MCl
2
, khi lng hn hp tng thm
71 60 = 11 gam v c 1 mol CO
2
c gii phng.
Nh vy, khi bit lng mui tng ta c th tnh c
s mol CO
2
sinh ra hoc ngc li.
b) Xt phn ng:
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
C 1 mol este RCOOR chuyn thnh 1 mol mui
RCOONa, khi lng tng (hoc gim) |23 R| gam
v tiu tn ht 1 mol NaOH, sinh ra 1 mol ROH. Nh
vy, nu bit khi lng ca este phn ng v khi
lng mui to thnh, ta d dng tnh c s mol ca
NaOH v ROH hoc ngc li.
C th ni hai phng php bo ton khi lng
v tng gim khi lng l 2 anh em sinh i, v
mt bi ton nu gii c bng phng php ny th
cng c th gii c bng phng php kia. Tuy
nhin, ty tng bi tp m phng php ny hay
phng php kia l u vit hn.
V d 5. Gii li v d 2 bng phng php tng
gim khi lng.
Hng dn gii:
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
XCO
3
+ 2HCl
XCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Y
2
(CO
3
)
3
+ 6HCl
2YCl
3
+ 3H
2
O + 3CO
2
(1)
(2)
S mol kh CO
2
bay ra:
(mol) 04 , 0
22,4
0,896
n
2
CO
= =
Theo (1), (2): khi chuyn t mui cacbonat
mui clorua, c 1 mol CO
2
sinh ra, khi lng hn
hp mui tng thm 71 60 = 11 gam. Vy khi
lng hn hp mui tng ln l: m = 0,04.11 = 0,44
gam.
Khi lng ca mui trong dung dch:
=
mui
m 3,34 + 0,44 = 3,78 (gam).
V d 6. Gii li v d 3 bng phng php tng
gim khi lng.
Hng dn gii:
Cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra:
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO 2Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
Fe
3
O
4
+ CO 3FeO + CO
2
FeO + CO Fe + CO
2
CuO + CO Cu + CO
2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ta c:
2
CO
CO
13,2
n n 0, 3 (mol)
44
m 28.0, 3 8,4 (gam)
= = =
= =
p)
(p)
CO (
Khi lng cht rn: m
r
= 40 (gam)
Theo (1), (2), (3), (4): c 1 mol CO phn ng
1 mol CO
2
, khi lng hn hp A gim l:
m = 1 (44 28) = 16 gam. Vy khi lng hn hp
A b gim l: 16 0,3 = 4,8 (gam)
Khi lng ca hn hp A ban u l:
m = 40 + 4,8 = 44,8 (gam).
V d 7. Nhng mt l nhm vo 200 ml dung
dch CuSO
4
, n khi dung dch mt mu xanh ly l
nhm ra cn thy nng hn so vi ban u l 1,38
gam. Xc nh nng ca dung dch CuSO
4
dng.
Hng dn gii:
Phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
2Al + 3CuSO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Cu (*)
Theo (*): c 2 mol Al phn ng ht vi 3 mol
CuSO
4
, sinh ra 3 mol Cu, khi lng thanh nhm tng
ln: m = 3.64 2.27 = 138 (gam).
Vy s mol CuSO
4
tham gia phn ng l:
(mol) 0,03 3
138
1,38
n
4
CuSO
= =
Nng ca dung dch CuSO
4
:
(M). 0,15
0,2
0,03
C
M
= =
Ch : Khi nhng thanh kim loi A vo dung dch
mui ca kim loi B (km hot ng hn A). Sau khi
ly thanh kim loi A ra, khi lng thanh kim loi A
ban u s thay i do:
1) Mt lng A b tan vo dung dch
2) Mt lng B t dung dch c gii phng, bm
vo thanh kim loi A
3) Tnh khi lng tng (hay gim) ca thanh A
phi da vo phng trnh phn ng c th.
V d 8. Cho 11 gam hn hp 3 axit n chc
thuc cng dy ng ng tc dng hon ton vi kim
loi Na d, thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Tnh khi
lng mui hu c to thnh.
Hng dn gii:
S mol kh H
2
to thnh: (mol) 0,1
22,4
2,24
n
2
H
= =
Gi cng thc chung ca 3 axit n chc l:
COOH. R Phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
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2
H COONa R 2 Na 2 COOH R 2 + + (*)
Theo (*): c 2 mol COOH R phn ng 2
mol COONa R v 1 mol H
2
, khi lng mui tng ln
so vi khi lng ca axit l:
m = (gam) 44 45)] R ( 23) 44 R 2.[( = + + +
Khi lng mui hu c ln hn axit l:
m = 44.0,1 = 4,4 (gam)
Vy, khi lng mui hu c to thnh l:
11 + 4,4 = 15,4 (gam).
4 44. .. P PPH HH N NNG GG P PPH HH P PP B BB O OO T TTO OO N NN N NNG GGU UUY YY N NN T TT
Nguyn tc chung ca phng php ny l da
vo nh lut bo ton nguyn t (BTNT): Trong
cc phn ng ha hc thng thng, cc nguyn t
lun c bo ton.
iu ny c ngha l: Tng s mol nguyn t ca
mt nguyn t X bt k trc v sau phn ng l lun
bng nhau.
V d 9. Hn hp cht rn A gm 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
. Ha tan hon ton A bng dung dch
HCl d, thu c dung dch B. Cho NaOH d vo B,
thu c kt ta C. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri em
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c m gam cht rn D. Tnh m.
Hng dn gii:
Cc phn ng ha hc xy ra:
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
2NaOH + FeCl
2
2NaCl + Fe(OH)
2
3NaOH + FeCl
3
3NaCl + Fe(OH)
3
4Fe(OH)
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
0
t
4Fe(OH)
3
2Fe(OH)
3
0
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng ta c s :
3 2
4 3
3 2
O Fe
mol 0,1 : O Fe
mol 0,1 : O Fe
)
`
(rn D)
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi Fe:
(mol) 0,5 0,1.3 0,1.2 n
D) (trong Fe
= + =
= =
= =
Gi n l ha tr ca M.
Qu trnh nhng electron:
0 n
M ne M
+
(1)
S mol electron nhng l:
(*) (mol) n
M
19,2
n =
nhng e
Qu trnh nhn electron:
5 4 2
4 N 6e 3N N
+ + +
+ + (2)
Tng s mol electron nhn l:
(**) (mol) 6 , 0 1 , 0 6 n = =
nhn e
p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta c:
32n M 0,6 n
M
19,2
n n = = =
nhn e nhng e
n = 2; M = 64. Vy kim loi M l ng (M
Cu
= 64).
V d 13. Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam Fe vo
HNO
3
d, thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt hn hp
kh B gm NO v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1.
Xc nh kh X.
Hng dn gii:
S mol ca hn hp kh B:
(mol) 0,15 n n (mol) 0,3
22,4
6,72
n
X NO B
= = = =
Qu trnh nhng electron:
3e Fe Fe
3 0
+
+
(1)
S mol electron nhng l:
(*) (mol) 0,6 3
56
11,2
n = =
nhng e
Qu trnh nhn electron ca NO:
2 5
N 3e N
+ +
+ (2)
S mol electron do NO nhn l:
(**) (mol) 45 , 0 15 , 0 3 n = =
nhn) (NO e
p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta c:
n n =
e nhng e nhn
n n n = +
e nhng e (NO nhn) e (X nhn)
n n n
0,6 0,45 0,15 (mol)
=
= =
e (X nhn) e nhng e (NO nhn)
Gi n l s electron m X nhn. Ta c:
n) (5 5
N ne N
+ +
+ (3)
n = . 1
15 , 0
15 , 0
= T suy ra X l NO
2
.
V d 14. m gam phoi bo st A ngoi khng
kh sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp B c khi
lng 12 gam gm Fe v cc oxit FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
.
Cho B tc dng hon ton vi axit nitric d thy gii
phng ra 2,24 lt kh duy nht NO. Tnh khi lng m
ca A?
Hng dn gii:
S cc bin i xy ra:
Fe B NO
Fe
FeO
Fe
3
O
4
Fe
2
O
3
dd HNO
3
m
A
gam 12 gam 2,24 lt (ktc)
Qu trnh nhng electron:
3e Fe Fe
3 0
+
+
(1)
S mol electron nhng l:
(*) (mol) 3
56
m
n =
nhng e
Cc qu trnh nhn electron:
+) T st oxit:
O
2
+ 4e 2O
-2
(2)
S electron do O
2
nhn l:
(mol)
8
m 12
4
32
m 12
n
=
=
nhn) (O e
2
+) T oxit mui Fe
3+
:
2 5
N 3e N
+ +
+ (3)
S electron do N nhn l:
(mol) 3 , 0 1 , 0 3 n = =
nhn) (N e
Tng s electron nhn l:
(**) (mol) 0,3
8
m 12
n +
=
nhn e
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p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
0,3
8
m 12
56
m
3 n n +
= =
nhn e nhng e
m = 10,08 (gam).
6 66. .. P PPH HH N NNG GG P PPH HH P PP B BB O OO T TTO OO N NN I II N NN T TT C CCH HH
Nguyn tc ca phng php: Trong mt dung
dch nu tn ti ng thi cc ion dng v m th
theo nh lut bo ton in tch: tng s in tch
dng bng tng s in tch m.
y chnh l c s thit lp phng trnh biu
din mi lin h gia cc ion trong dung dch.
V d 15. Kt qu xc nh nng mol/lt ca
cc ion trong mt dung dch nh sau:
Ion:
+
Na
+ 2
Ca
3
NO
Cl
3
HCO
S mol: 0,05 0,01 0,01 0,04 0,025
Hi kt qu ng hay sai? Ti sao?
Hng dn gii:
Tng s in tch dng: 0,05 + 2.0,01 = 0,07
Tng s in tch m: 0,01 + 0,04 + 0,025 = 0,075
V tng s in tch dng tng s in tch m
kt qu xc nh trn l sai!
V d 16. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d
trong dung dch cha a mol Na
+
, b mol Ca
2+
, c mol
3
HCO v d mol Cl .
Hng dn gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch, ta c:
a + 2b = c + d.
7 77. .. P PPH HH N NNG GG P PPH HH P PP
K KKH HH I II L LL N NNG GG M MMO OOL LL T TTR RRU UUN NNG GG B BB N NNH HH
Khi lng mol trung bnh (KLMTB) ca mt hn
hp l khi lng ca mt 1 mol hn hp :
=
=
= =
n
1 i
i
n
1 i
i i
hh
hh
n
.n M
n
m
M
Trong : +) m
hh
l tng s gam ca hn hp
+) n
hh
l tng s mol ca hn hp
+) M
i
l khi lng mol ca cht th i trong
hn hp
+) n
i
l s mol ca cht th i trong hn hp
Ch :
+)
max min
M M M < <
+) Nu hn hp gm 2 cht c s mol ca
hai cht bng nhau th khi lng mol trung
bnh ca hn hp cng chnh bng trung
bnh cng khi lng phn t ca 2 cht v
ngc li.
Phng php ny c p dng trong vic gii
nhiu bi ton khc nhau c v c v hu c, c bit
l i vi vic chuyn bi ton hn hp thnh bi ton
mt cht rt n gin v ta c th gii mt cch d
dng. Sau y chng ta cng xt mt s v d.
V d 17. Ha tan 2,97 gam hn hp 2 mui
CaCO
3
v BaCO
3
bng dung dch HCl d, thu c
448 ml kh CO
2
(ktc). Tnh thnh phn % s mol ca
mi mui trong hn hp.
Hng dn gii:
Cc phn ng xy ra:
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(1)
BaCO
3
+ 2HCl BaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(2)
T (1), (2) (mol) 0,02
22,4
0,448
n n
2
CO hh
= = =
Gi x l % v s mol ca CaCO
3
trong hn hp
(1 x) l % v s mol ca BaCO
3
Ta c:
5 , 0 x
0,02
2,97
x) 197.(1 00x 1 M2 = = + = mui
%. 50 n % %n
3 3
CaCO BaCO
= =
V d 18. Ha tan 16,8 gam hn hp gm 2 mui
cacbonat v sunfit ca cng mt kim loi kim vo
dung dch HCl d, thu c 3,36 lt hn hp kh
(ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi kim.
Hng dn gii:
Gi kim loi kim cn tm l M
Cc phn ng xy ra:
MCO
3
+ 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(1)
MSO
3
+ 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
O + SO
2
(2)
T (1), (2)
n
mui
= n
kh
=
3,36
0,15 (mol)
22,4
=
16,8
M 112
0,15
= = mui
Ta c:
26. M 16 80 2M M 60 2M < < + < < +
V M l kim loi kim nn M = 23 (Na).
V d 19. Trong t nhin Brom c hai ng v bn
l: Br
79
35
v Br.
81
35
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
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Brom l 79,319. Tnh thnh phn % s nguyn t ca
mi ng v.
Hng dn gii:
Gi x l % v s nguyn t ca ng v Br
79
35
(100 x) l % s nguyn t ca ng v Br
81
35
Ta c:
Br
79x 81(100 x)
A 79,319
100
x 84,05; 100 x 15,95
+
= =
= =
Vy trong t nhin, ng v Br
79
35
chim 84,05% v
ng v Br
81
35
chim 15,95% s nguyn t.
V d 20. Cho 6,4 gam hn hp 2 kim loi k tip
thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun hon tc dng vi dung
dch H
2
SO
4
long, d thu c 4,48 lt H
2
(ktc). Xc
nh tn 2 kim loi.
Hng dn gii:
Gi cng thc chung ca 2 kim loi nhm IIA l
M. Ta c phng trnh phn ng:
(*) H M 2H M
2
2
+ +
+
+
Theo (*):
32
2 , 0
4 , 6
M (mol) 0,2
22,4
4,48
n n
2
H
M
= = = = =
Hai kim loi l Mg (24) v Ca (40).
8 88. .. B BB I II T TT P PP V VV N NN D DD N NNG GG
I.1. thu c dung dch CuSO
4
16% cn ly m
1
gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O cho vo m
2
gam dung dch
CuSO
4
8%. T l m
1
/m
2
l:
A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/5 D. 1/6
I.2. Ha tan hon ton m gam Na
2
O nguyn cht vo
40 gam dung dch NaOH 12% thu c dung dch
NaOH 51%. Gi tr ca m (gam) l:
A. 11,3 B. 20,0 C. 31,8 D. 40,0
I.3. S lt nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dung
dch H
2
SO
4
98% (d = 1,84 g/ml) c dung dch
mi c nng 10% l:
A. 14,192 B. 15,192 C. 16,192 D. 17,192
I.4. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54.
ng c hai ng v bn: Cu
63
29
v Cu
65
29
. Thnh phn
% s nguyn t ca Cu
65
29
l:
A. 73,0% B. 34,2% C. 32,3% D. 27,0%
I.5. Cn ly V
1
lt CO
2
v V
2
lt CO iu ch 24 lt
hn hp H
2
v CO c t khi hi i vi metan bng 2.
Gi tr ca V
1
(lt) l:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
I.6. Thm 150 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 120 ml
dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,1M. Khi lng cc mui thu c
trong dung dch l:
A. 10,44 gam KH
2
PO
4
; 8,5 gam K
3
PO
4
B. 10,44 gam K
2
HPO
4
; 12,72 gam K
3
PO
4
C. 10,24 gam K
2
HPO
4
; 13,5 gam KH
2
PO
4
D. 13,5 gam KH
2
PO
4
; 14,2 gam K
3
PO
4
I.7. Ha tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO
3
v
MgCO
3
bng dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,672 lt kh
iu kin tiu chun. Thnh phn % s mol ca
MgCO
3
trong hn hp l:
A. 33,33% B. 45,55% C. 54,45% D. 66,67%
I.8. A l khong vt cuprit cha 45% Cu
2
O. B l
khong vt tenorit cha 70% CuO. Cn trn A v B
theo t l khi lng T = m
A
/m
B
nh th no c
qung C, m t 1 tn qung C c th iu ch c ti
a 0,5 tn ng nguyn cht. T bng:
A. 5/3 B. 5/4 C. 4/5 D. 3/5
I.9. t chy hon ton m gam mt hn hp gm
C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 2,52 gam
H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,34. B. 1,48. C. 2,08. D. 2,16.
I.10. Dung dch X c cha a mol Na
+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c
mol Cl v d mol
2
4
SO . Biu thc no di y l
ng ?
A. a + 2b = c + 2d B. a + 2b = c + d
C. a + b = c + d D. 2a + b = 2c + d
I.11. Crackinh 5,8 gam C
4
H
10
thu c hn hp kh X.
Khi lng H
2
O thu c khi t chy hon ton X l:
A. 4,5 gam B. 9 gam C. 18 gam D. 36 gam
I.12. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm CH
4
,
C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
10
thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 2,52 gam
H
2
O, m c gi tr l:
A. 1,48 B. 2,48 C. 14,8 D. 24,8
I.13. Cho 11,2 lt (ktc) axetilen hp H
2
O (HgSO
4
,
80
o
C). Khi lng CH
3
CHO to thnh l:
A. 4,4 gam B. 12 gam C. 22 gam D. 44 gam
I.14. Oxi ha 12 gam ru n chc X thu c 11,6
gam anehit Y. Vy X l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH B. CH
3
CH
2
OH
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
D. Kt qu khc
I.15. Cho 0,896 lt hn hp hai anken l ng ng lin
tip (ktc) li qua dung dch brom d. Khi lng
bnh brom tng thm 2,0 gam. Cng thc phn t ca
hai anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
D. Khng phi A, B, C.
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I.16. Ly m gam bt st cho tc dng vi clo thu c
16,25 gam mui st clorua. Ha tan hon ton cng
lng st trong axit HCl d thu c a gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca a (gam) l:
A. 12,7 B. 16,25 C. 25,4 D. 32,5
I.17. Ha tan hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol
Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch HCl d c dung dch A. Cho
dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta.
Lc kt ta, ra sch, sy kh, nung trong khng kh
n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu?
A. 16 g B. 30,4 g C. 32 g D. 48 g
I.18. Thi t t V lt hn hp kh A gm CO v H
2
i
qua hn hp bt CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, Al
2
O
3
trong ng s un
nng. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp B gm kh v
hi, nng hn hn hp A ban u l 0,32 gam. Gi tr
ca V (ktc) l bao nhiu?
A. 0,112 lt B. 0,224 lt C. 0,336 lt D. 0,448 lt
I.19. Ha tan hon ton 13,92 gam Fe
3
O
4
bng dung
dch HNO
3
thu c 448 ml kh N
x
O
y
(ktc). Xc nh
N
x
O
y
?
A. NO B. N
2
O C. NO
2
D. N
2
O
5
I.20. Cho 1,24 gam hn hp hai ru n chc tc
dng va vi Na thy thot ra 336 ml H
2
(ktc) v
m gam mui. Khi lng mui thu c l:
A. 1,57 g B. 1,585 g C. 1,90 g D. 1,93 g
I.21. Khi cho 0,1 mol C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
v 0,1 mol
CH
3
COOH nguyn cht, ring bit. Khi cho 2 cht trn
tc dng vi Na d, tng th tch kh H
2
thu c
(ktc) l:
A. 3,66 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 5,6 lt D. 6,72 lt
I.22. Cho 3,38 gam hn hp Y gm CH
3
OH,
CH
3
COOH, C
6
H
5
OH tc dng va vi Na thot ra
672 ml kh (ktc). C cn dung dch th thu c hn
hp rn Y. Khi lng Y l:
A. 3,61 g B. 4,04 g C. 4,70 g D. 4,76 g
I.23. kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp Fe, FeO,
Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
cn va 2,24 lt CO (ktc). Khi
lng Fe thu c l:
A. 14,4 g B. 16 g C. 19,2 g D. 20,8 g
I.24. Cho 4,4 gam mt este no, n chc tc dng ht
vi dung dch NaOH thu c 4,8 gam mui natri.
Cng thc cu to ca este l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
C. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
D. p n khc
I.25. t chy hn hp hai este no, n chc ta thu
c 1,8 gam H
2
O. Thy phn hon ton hn hp 2
este trn ta thu c hn hp X gm ru v axit. Nu
t chy 1/2 hn hp X th th tch CO
2
thu c l
bao nhiu?
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt
I.26. Cho 2,46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH,
CH
3
COOH, C
6
H
5
OH tc dng va vi 40 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui khan thu c
sau khi phn ng l:
A. 3,52 g B. 6,45 g
C. 8,42 g
D. Khng phi A, B, C.
I.27. Ly 2,98 gam hn hp X gm Zn v Fe cho vo
200 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau khi phn ng hon ton
ta c cn (trong iu kin khng c oxi) th c 6,53
gam cht rn. Th tch kh H
2
bay ra (ktc) l:
A. 0,56 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 4,48 lt
I.28. Cho 29 gam ru n chc Y tc dng ht vi
natri to ra 5,6 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Vy X l:
A. C
2
H
5
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH C. C
3
H
5
OH D. CH
3
OH
I.29. t chy mt este no, n chc, mch h thu
c 1,8 gam H
2
O. Th tch kh CO
2
thu c l:
A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 6,72 lt
I.30. Cho 18,8 gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc,
mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng
vi Na d, to ra 5,6 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Cng thc phn
t ca hai ancol l:
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH D. C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
11
OH
I.31. Cho m gam mt hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
3
tc
dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M d th thu c
2,24 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 27.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,6 B. 10,0 C. 1,16 D. 1,0
I.32. Mt hn hp gm O
2
, O
3
iu kin tiu chun
c t khi i vi hiro l 20. Thnh phn % v th
tch ca O
3
trong hn hp s l:
A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 75%
I.33. em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau mt
thi gian dng li, lm ngui ri em cn thy khi
lng gim 0,54 gam. Vy khi lng mui Cu(NO
3
)
2
b nhit phn l:
A. 0,5 g B. 0,49 g C. 9,4 g D. 0,94 g