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Chuyn Lin kt ha hc
I. KHI NIM
VD1. Lin kt ha hc l: A. s kt hp cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay tinh th bn vng. B. s kt hp cc cht to thnh vt th bn vng. C. s kt hp cc phn t hnh thnh cc cht bn vng. D. s kt hp cc ht c bn hnh thnh nguyn t bn vng. VD2. Khuynh hng no di y khng xy ra trong qu trnh hnh thnh lin kt ha hc: A. Chia tch electron B. Cho nhn electron C. Gp chung electron D. Dng chung electron t do VD3. Khi cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau to thnh phn t th d lin kt theo loi no vn phi tun theo quy tc: A. Sau khi lin kt mi nguyn t u c lp v ngoi cng cha 8 electron. B. Sau khi lin kt thnh phn t, mi nguyn t phi t c cu hnh electron ging nh cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh tr gn n nht trong bng h thng tun hon. C. Khi lin kt phi c mt nguyn t nhng electron v mt nguyn t nhn electron. D. Sau khi lin kt thnh phn t, mi nguyn t phi t c cu hnh electron ging nhau v ging vi cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh tr gn n nht trong bng h thng tun hon.
3. Lin kt cng ha tr
VD7 (C-2010) : Lin kt ho hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t H2O l lin kt A. ion. B. cng ho tr phn cc. C. hiro. D. cng ho tr khng phn cc. VD8 (A-2013) Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin kt A. cng ha tr khng cc B. ion C. cng ha tr c cc D. hiro VD9. X l nguyn t thuc chu k 2 nhm IVA , nguyn t Y c s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Lin kt gia X v Y thuc loi lin kt no sau y: A. cng ha tr phn cc B. cho nhn C. ion D. cng ha tr khng phn cc.
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Chuyn Lin kt ha hc
VD10 (C-2011) Mc phn cc ca lin kt ha hc trong cc phn t c sp xp theo th t gim dn t tri sang phi: A. HI, HCl, HBr. B. HCl, HBr, HI. C. HI, HBr, HCl. D. HBr, HI, HCl. VD11. Lin kt ha hc trong phn t Br2 thuc loi lin kt A. cng ha tr khng cc. B. cng ha tr c cc C. ion D. hiro VD12 (C - 2012) Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2, NH3, NaCl, HCl, H2O. S cht trong dy m phn t ch cha lin kt cng ha tr khng cc l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. VD13. Cho dy cc cht: CO, O3, H2O2, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4. Xt cu to tho mn quy tc Bt t, s cht trong phn t c cha lin kt cho nhn l: A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. VD14 (C-2009) : Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l: A. O2, H2O, NH3. B. H2O, HF, H2S. C. HCl, O3, H2S. D. HF, Cl2, H2O. VD15. Cho cc kiu lin kt: lin kt ion; lin kt cng ho tr c cc; lin kt cng ho tr khng cc; lin kt cho nhn; lin kt kim loi. S kiu lin kt c trong phn t NH4NO3 l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. VD16 (A-2008) Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l A. NH4Cl. B. NH3. C. HCl. D. H2O. VD17. Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2O, KNO3, NH3, H2O2, HF, O3. S cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l: A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. VD18 (B-2010) Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l: A. HBr, CO2, CH4. B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2. C. NH3, Br2, C2H4. D. HCl, C2H2, Br2. VD19. Lin kt ion khc lin kt cng ha tr do c tnh A. khng nh hng v khng bo ho. B. bo ho v khng nh h ng. C. nh hng v khng bo ho. D. nh hng v bo ho. VD20. Cho cc pht biu sau v hp cht cng ho tr: 1) D tan trong nc. 2) Kh tan trong nc. 3) Khng dn in mi trng thi. 4) C th trng thi rn, lng, hoc kh. 5) Khi kt tinh mng tinh th nguyn t th c cng ln, nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. 6) Khi kt tinh mng tinh th phn th c thng mm, c nhit nng chy thp v d bay hi. S pht biu ng l: A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
II. TINH TH
1. Phn loi tinh th VD21. Kiu mng tinh th no thng c nhit nng chy thp nht? A. Mng tinh th phn t B. Mng tinh th nguyn t. C. Mng tinh th ion D. Mng tinh th kim loi VD22. Chn pht biu ng: A. Tinh t h nguyn t c cng l n, nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. B. Bng phin, iot, nc , kim c ng u thu c m ng tinh th phn t . C. Lc lin kt trong tinh th phn t c bn cht cng ha tr. D. Tt c cc kim loi iu kin t h ng u tn t i dng tinh th. VD23. Pht biu no di y khng ng? A. Tinh th kim loi c nh kim, c tnh do, c kh nng dn in v nhit. B. Tinh th phn t mm, xp, c nhit nng chy thp v d b bay hi.
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Chuyn Lin kt ha hc
C. Lin kt trong tinh th nguyn t l tng tc vt l km bn. D. Lin kt trong tinh th ion l lin kt ion bn. VD24 (B-2009) Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t. B. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t. C. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t. D. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t. VD25 (B-2011) Pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr. B. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t. C. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht. D. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi. VD26. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron [Ne] 3s2; nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron [He] 2s22p3. C cc nhn nh sau: A. Phn t to ra gia X v Y c dng X5Y2. B. n cht Y kt tinh mng tinh th nguyn t. C. n cht X kt tinh mng tinh th lp phng tm din. D. Lin kt ho hc to ra gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y l lin kt ion. S nhn nh ng l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. VD27. Cho cc pht biu sau: 1) Trong tinh th kim loi lun c electron t do. 2) Tinh th ion thng cng, bn, nhng d in li. 3) Lin kt ion c hnh thnh do lc ht ca cc ion tri du. 4) Lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh do s gp chung electron. 5) trng thi tinh th, mi kim loi u do, dn in, dn nhit v c nh kim. 6) Lin kt cng ha tr to thnh cc dng tinh th nguyn t, phn t v polime. S pht biu ng l: A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
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Chuyn Lin kt ha hc
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in. C. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit nng chy gim dn. D. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din. VD36 (C -2012) Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Tt c cc hiroxit ca kim loi nhm IIA u d tan trong nc. B. Trong nhm IA, tnh kh ca cc kim loi gim dn t Li n Cs. C. Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi. D. Trong hp cht, tt c cc kim loi kim u c s oxi ha +1.
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Xin lm phin cc em t pht: Nhn dy gia s lp 10-11-12, luyn thi i hc... cho hc sinh, nhm hc sinh ti H Ni. Phng php ging dy: n tp h thng l thuyt trng tm lp 10-11-12 , cng cc phng php gii nhanh ; cc th thut lm bi thi trc nghim vi cc bi hc hp dn, d hiu. Phn dng theo chuyn l thuyt v bi tp t lp 10 12. T luyn cc chuyn hc trn lp vi ti liu bi tp v nh. H thng bi kim tra nh k sau mi chuyn / nhm chuyn ln. Thi th i Hc vi bi bm st theo cu trc thi tuyn sinh H-C ca B GD&T.
Lin h: Nhm gia s sinh vin-0466 842 925 Ph trch nhm Anh Thanh 0167 800 5290 Cm n cc em Chc cc em hc tt!
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Chuyn Lin kt ha hc