B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC BCH KHOA THNH PH H CH MINH

BI BO CO BI TP LN MATLAB

MN HC : VT L 1

TI 6

Danh Sch Sinh Vin Thc Hin Nhm : 6 Lp : CK13-CK12 Tit Hc : 5-6 Th 2 Ging Vin : Trn Anh T

Danh Sch Sinh Vin Bi Tp Nhm Vt L - nhm L07 STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tn Hunh c Tin Nguyn Vn Tr Nguyn Hi Triu Trn Vn Triu Vng nh Tin L Xun Thi Trn c Tm MSSV 21304136 21304360 21304316 21304318 21304131 21303978 21303524 Lp CK13-CK12 CK13-CK12 CK13-CK12 CK13-CK12 CK13-CK12 CK13-CK12 CK13-CK11 Nhm Trng

TI 6
V qu o ca electron trong in t trng tnh 1. Yu cu Khi electron chuyn ng trong in t trng u n s chu tc dng ca lc tnh in v lc Lorenzt :

Khi ta c th xc nh gia tc ca electron. Nu bit c v tr v vn tc ban u ta c th xc nh c phng trnh chuyn ng dng ng hc ca electron x(t), y(t) v z(t). Qua , khi biu in f(x,y,z)=const, ta c phng trnh qu o. Bi tp ny yu cu sinh vin s dng Matlab tnh ton v biu din th ca qu o ca electron trong in t trng tnh khi bit trc v tr v vn tc ban u ca n. 2. iu kin 1) Sinh vin cn c kin thc v lp trnh c bn trong MATLAB. 2) Tm hiu cc lnh Matlab lin quan symbolic v ha. 3. Nhim v Xy dng chng trnh Matlab: 1) Nhp d liu v tr, vn tc ban u ca electron v vect cm ng t , vect cng in trng ca in t trng tnh.

2) Dng cc php ton hnh thc (symbolic) tnh lc in t tc dng ln electron, t suy ra gia tc, vn tc v phng trnh chuyn ng ca electron. 3) V th qu o ca electron.

BI LM CA NHM
LI GII THIU

Cho n hin nay,ngi ta bit c 4 dng tng tc c bn trong t nhin : tng tc in t , tng tc hp dn , tng tc mnh v tng tc yu . Th nhng, trong i sng thc t v k thut tng tc in t gi vai tr ch yu. Tng tc in t thng qua trng in t. Trng in t l dng vt cht bao quanh cc in tch ng yn hoc

chuyn ng. Trng in v trng t ch l hai mt biu hin ca mt trng thng nht : trng in t . Th nhng ,2 mn khoa hc in v T ca 2 trng ny li pht trin c lp qua nhiu th k, mi n nm 1820 khi HansChristitanOersted tm thy mi lien h gia cc hin tng trong cc mn ny ( dng in trong dy dn c th lm lch kim nam chm trong a bn) th 2 b phn ny bt u nhp li vi nhau. in trng v t trng c lin h mt thit, mi lin h c th biu din thng qua phng trnh Maxwell-Faraday v phng trnh Maxwell-Ampere. Maxell cng cc phng trnh v in t trng ng vai tr quan trng ging nh Newton vi cc nh lut chuyn ng ca c hc. Khi kho st mt in tch cn t in tch trong mi tng quan ca c 2 trng : in v t. Ngy nay cc phng trnh Maxwell c s dng trn khp th gii gii quyt hng lot cc bi ton khoa hc v k thut. I.Yu cu: - Khi electron chuyn ng trong in t trng u n s chu tc dng ca lc tnh in F e v lc Loenzt F l: F = q. E + q.[ v , B ] - Xc nh gia tc ca electron. Nu bit c v tr v vn tc ban u ta c th xc nh c phng trnh chuyn ng dng ng hc ca electron x(t), y(t), z(t). Qua , khi biu din f(x,y,z)=const, ta c phng trnh qu o. - Yu cu sinh vin s dng matlab tnh ton v biu din th ca qu o ca electron trong in t trng tnh khi bit trc v tr v vn tc ban u ca n. II.C s l thuyt v thut ton 1.in tch trong in trng Gi s, c mt in tch dng q c a vo in trng. Khi trng s tc dng ln in tch. Khi trng s tc dng ln in tch dng mt lc F = q. E , lc c hng dc ng sc. Nu ngoi lc in khng c cc lc khc tc dng ln n, th h t mang in schuyn ngnhanhdn udct heo ng sc . i vi cc ht mang in m th in trng tc dng ln n mt lc khng i, nhng c hng ngc vi ng sc. Bi vy, cc ht mang in tch m cng chuyn ng nhanh dn u nhng theo chiu ngc vi chiu chuyn ng ca ht mang in tch dng. Gi s rng, c mt in tch dng q bay vo in trng gia hai bn song song ca t in, ngha l ng sc vung gc vi hng bay. Trng lng P ca ht mang in v lc in F =q. E , cng tc dng ln in tch ny. C hai lc u hng thng ng xung pha di. V vy ht chuyn ng nhanh dn u theo phng thng ng hng xung pha di. Khng c lc no tc dng ln ht theo phng nm ngang v bi vy n chuyn ng u theo phng ny. Chuyn ng hon ton ging nh chuyn ng ca vt th b nm theo phng nm ngang trong trng hp dn. Bi vy,

qu o chuyn ng ca ht mang in tch dng trong in trng khng i v ng nht l ng parabol.

Nu khng tnh n trng lng ca ht, th ht mang in tch m trong trng s chuyn ng theo qu o parabol. Bi v lc tc dng ln ht mang in tch m hng ngc vi ng sc. Nu tnh n trng lng ca in tch, th ht mang in tch m c th chuyn ng hoc theo ng parabol li pha trn, hoc theo ng parabol li xung pha di. iu ph thuc vo trng lng hay lc in no ln hn. Nu hai lc ny bng nhau v ln th ni chung ht s khng lch v pha trn cng nh v pha di. Ngha l in tch m s chuyn ng thng u theo phng nm ngang vi vn tc bng vn tc ban u ca in tch khi bay vo in trng. Hin tng chuyn ng ca cc ht mang in trong in trng c ngi ta s dng vo vic ch to cc ng tia in t. Chuyn ng ca ht mang in bay vo in trng c hng lp thnh mt gc vi cc ng sc cng c nghin cu mt cch tng t. V trong trng hp ny qu o ca ht mang in l mt ng parabol hay mt nhnh parabol. Ging nh chuyn ng ca vt th c nm ln theo phng xin gc trong trng hp dn. Chng ta hy kho st s chuyn ng ca in tch trong in trng ca in tch khc, m coi in tch ny l bt ng. V khong cch gia cc ht thay i nn lc tng tc gia chng cng thay i. Khi ht xa nhau, lc tng tc nh v qu o cong t. Khi ht chuyn ng bay li gn ht bt ng th lc tng tc tng ln, v qu o b cong nhiu. Khi ht chuyn ng i xa th qu o li b cong t. Qu o ca ht l ng hypebol.

2. Ht mang in trong t trng Chuyn ng ca ht mang in trong t trng phc tp hn nhiu so vi trong in trng. Nu in tch ng yn, th t trng hon ton khng tc dng ln n. Nu in

tch chuyn ng vi vn tc v , th t trng tc dng ln n mt lc gi l lc Lorentz. ln ca lc Lorentz c tnh bng: F = q.[ v , B ] ln ca lc Lorentz khng ch ph thuc vo tr s vnt cm c n p hthuvo c hng ca vn tc. Hng ca lc Lorentz: vung gc vi v v B Chiu tun theo quy tc bn tay tri. Xt t trng ng nht v khng i, qu o chuyn ng ca ht mang in khi: v ^ B: Lc Lorentz khng lm thay i ln vn tc m ch lm thay i phng ca vect vn tc, kt qu l ht chuyn ng tn u, bn knh qu o l : R=
m.v q.B

Vn tc ht cng ln th bn knh qu o cng ln(t trng kh lm cong qu o ca ht chuyn ng nhanh hn ht chuyn ng chm). Cm ng t cng ln th bn knh ng trn cng nh. Khi lng ht cng ln th bn knh qu o cng ln(ht c khi lng ln th c qun tnh cng ln v t trng kh lm cong qu o ca n). ln in tch cng ln th bn knh qu o cng nh. V khi lng ca ion ln hn khi lng ca electron nhiu ln, nn cc electron quay trong t trng nhanh hn nhiu so vi cc ion. ( v , B ) = a . Khi ta phn tch vn tc ca in t theo hai phng : phng dc theo t trng( vx ) v phng vung gc t trng( vy ).

Theo phng dc theo t trng, ht chuyn ng thng u. Theo phng vung gc vi t trng, di tc dng ca lc Lorentz, ht chuyn ng theo ng trn trong mt phng vung gc vi t trng. Kt qu l ht s chuyn ng theo ng xon c. Khong cch h m ht i qua dc theo t trng sau mt vng trn vn theo ng xon c c gi l bc xon: h=vx.
2pm qB

Ta thy, vi cng mt gi tr vn tc vx, bc xon ca cc electron nh hn nhiu so vi bc xon ca cc ion. 3. Ht mang in chuyn ng trong in t trng. Trong cc iu kin nh th, tm vng trn xicltron( c gi l tm chnh), n bt u dch chuyn theo hng vung gc vi t trng. Ngi ta gi chuyn ng ca tm chnh l s tri. Gi s rng,ngoi t trng ng nht v khng i cn c mt in trng ng nht v khng i c hng vung gc vi cc ng cm ng t cng tc dng ln ht, trng ny c gi l trng giao nhau. Gi s, t trng vung gc vi mt phng hnh v v hng v pha chng ta, cn in trng hng dc theo trc y. u tin chng ta hy t mt in tch dng gc ta . Khi t trng khng tc dng ln in tch, v di tc dng ca in trng th n bt u chuyn ng nhanh dn dc theo trc y. Nhng t trng li tc dng ln in tch chuyn ng. Khi vn tc ca ht nh, n ch yu chuyn ng theo hng ca in trng, cn t trng ch lm cong mt t qu o ca n. Di tc dng ca in trng, cng vi s tng ln vn tc ca ht chnh lc Lorentz cng c tng ln lm cho qu o ca ht cng ngy cng b xon li. Cui cng khi vn tc ln n ni lc Lorentz tri hn lc tng tc ca in trng, th chuyn ng tr nn chm dn. sau mt khong thi gian no y th ht dng

li v tt c c lp li t u. S gii quyt chnh xc bi ton ny ch ra rng qu o ca ht l ng cong xicloit. Ty theo ht c vn tc nh th no thi im ban u v thi gian n im m qu o ca n l ng xiclit hay ng cong nh hnh v:

Ngi ta gi nhng ng cong l ng trn xiclit. Nh vy chuyn ng ca ht mang in trong trng giao l phc tp. C th biu din n di dng s quay ca ht theo xiclit v s chuyn ng ca tm chnh theo hng vung gc vect E v B . chnh l s tri. Tr s vn tc tri khng ph thuc vo tr s in tch m ch ph thuc vo cng in trng v t trng. Nhng iu tt nhin khng c ngha l s tri xy ra vi cc ht khng mang in. Di tc dng ca in trng v t trng ch c nhng ht mang in mi chuyn ng. Trng hp tng qut, khi vn tc ban u ca ht khng vung gc vi t trng , qu o chuyn ng l ng xon qun xung quanh ng parabol.

i vi electron, chuyn ng tri cng chiu vi ht mang in dng. Nhng, qu o chuyn ng ca cc electron tt nhin s khc vi qu o ca cc ion dng. Th nht l cc electron quay ngc chiu vi ion dng. Th hai l bn knh xicltron ca electron nh hn nhiu so vi bn knh xicltron ca ion. Khi vn tc ban u ca

electron v ion vung gc vi hng t trng chuyn ng ca cc electron v cc ion v mt pha vi cng mt vn tc tri. 4.Thut ton: F =q. E + q.[ v , B ] r = x0 i + y0 j + z0 k v 0 = v0x i + v0y j + v0z k B = (0 ,0 ,1 ) E= ( , , ) [v , B ] =
v0 y 0 v0 z v0 z ; 1 1 v0 x v0 x ; 0 0 v0 y =(v0y; - v0x; 0) 0 q( E x + v0 y )
m q( E y - v0 x ) m

Fx = max = q.( Ex + v0y ) Fy = may = q.( Ey - v0x ) Fz = maz = q.Ez

=> ax= => ay=

qE z => az = m

Phng trnh chuyn ng:

axt 2 x= x0+v0xt + 2 ayt 2

y= y0 + v0yt +

2 azt 2 z= z0 + v0zt + 2

CODE CA NHM :

clc; format rat syms t tg q me vx vy vz

B= [0 0 1]; xyz= input('Nhap vao vi tri ban dau cua electron, vitri= '); x0= xyz(:,1); y0= xyz(:,2); z0= xyz(:,3); v0= input('Nhap vao vecto van toc, v= '); v0x= v0(:,1); v0y= v0(:,2); v0z= v0(:,3); E= input('Nhap vao vecto dien truong, E= '); Ex=E(:,1);Ey=E(:,2);Ez=E(:,3); disp('vecto cam ung tu B=[0 0 1]'); me= 9.1*10^-31; q= -1.6*10^-19; b=cross(v0,B); bx=b(:,1);by=b(:,2);bz=b(:,3); Fx = q*( Ex + v0y ); Fy = q*( Ey - v0x ); Fz = q*Ez; F=(sqrt(Fx*Fx+Fy*Fy+Fz*Fz))%hp lc tc dng ax=Fx/me; ay=Fy/me; az=Fz/me; a=(sqrt(ax*ax+ay*ay+az*az))%gia tc tg=input('nhap thoi gian tg de tinh van toc v,t= '); vx=v0x+ax*tg; vy=v0y+ay*tg; vz=v0z+az*tg; v=sqrt(vx^2+vy^2+vz^2)%vn tc x= x0+v0x*t + 1/2*ax*t^2; y= y0 + v0y*t +1/2*ay*t^2; z= z0 + v0z*t +1/2*az*t^2; ezplot3(x,y,z,[0,10^-4]);%phng trnh chuyn ng ca electron title('Quy dao chuyen dong cua electron') IV. V d ca nhm Nhap vao vi tri ban dau cua electron, vitri= [5 2 3] Nhap vao vecto van toc, v= [2 3 6] Nhap vao vecto dien truong, E= [10 2 0] vecto cam ung tu B=[0 0 1] F= 1/480769230769230720

a= 2285714285714 nhap thoi gian tg de tinh van toc v,tg= 5 v= 11428571428569