1

I HC NNG
TRNG I HC S PHM
KHOA HA HC
*******************









Gio trnh
NG DNG TIN HC TRONG PHNG PHP DY
HC HA HC TRNG PH THNG

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Bi 1: Lm quen vi giao din Powerpoint
I. Lm vic vi cc tp tin
1.1. To mi mt tp tin:
- Chn File / New (Ctrl+N) hoc clik vo biu tng trn thanh cng c
- Chn mu trnh by trong ca s Slide Layout, lp Text Layouts

- Mi mt trang trong Powerpoint c gi l mt Slide.
1. 2. M mt tp tin c sn:
- Chn File / Open (Ctrl+O) hoc clik vo biu tng trn thanh cng c
- Trong ca s Open, chn tn a v th mc cha tp tin cn m trong khung Lookin, sau chn
tp tin cn m v click nt Open (hoc double click tp tin cn m)
Ch : Tp tin Powerpoint c dng .ppt hoc pps


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1. 2. Lu mt tp tin:
- Chn File / Save (Ctrl+S) hoc clik vo biu tng trn thanh cng c
- Trong ca s Save as, chn a v th mc mun lu tp tin trong khung Save in, nhp tn tp tin
trong File name. Click nt Save bt u lu.

II. Qun l cc slide:
2.1. To thm Slide:
- Chn Insert / New Slide, Hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + M
Ch nh a v th
mc cha tp tin
Chn tp
tin cn m
Chn a v th
mc cn lu tp tin
t tn cho
tp tin

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- V tr slide va to c s ng sau Slide hin hnh, do chn thm mt Slide mi gia cc
Slide c, bn nn click chn Slide ng trc v tr mun chn th Slide mi s c v tr ngay sau
.
2.2. Thay i v tr ca cc Slide:
- Trong mn hnh Slide show, chn slide mun thay i v tr click gi nguyn v ko n v tr mi,
khi cc slide khc s t ng thay i li s th t.
2.3. Thay i v tr ca cc Slide:
- Click chn slide mun xo v g phm Delete (hoc right click ti slide mun xo chn Cut hoc
Edit/Cut)
2.4. Sao chp cc Slide:
- Click chut phi ti Slide mun sao chp v chn Copy hoc t menu Edit / Copy (Ctrl+C)
- Click chn slide ng trc v tr mun xao chp n (c th n mt tp tin Powerpoint khc cng
c), click chut phI v chn Paste hoc t menu Edit / Paste (Ctrl+V)

Bi 2: Thit k vi Powerpoint
I. Chn mu nn;
1.1. Chn mu Template (Mu mu nn):
- Chn Format / Slide Design

- Ca s Slide Design hin th, chn mc Design Templates

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1. 2. Chn mu cho Template:
- Trong ca s Slide Design chn mc Color Shemes

Ngoi ra bn c th click chn Edit Color Schemes hp thoi
Click chn mu
m bn cn
Chn mu m bn
cn thay i, click
xem hin th

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1. 3. Chn mu nn cho Template:
- Vo Format \ Background

Hp Background hin th

Trong khung ny c hai mc chn l:
- More Colors M bng mu chun v chn mu tu
Nhn Apply
chp nhn
s thay i
La chn mc
mun i mu
Click m bng
mu t chn
Click chn m
khung mu

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- Fill Effects Cc dng mu hiu ng gm cc lp:
+ Gradient : Cc dng pha mu
+ Texture : Mu mu nn Texture
+ Pattern : Dng mu Pattern
+ Picture : Ly nh c sn lm mu nn
1.4. Hiu ng cho Schemes:
- Trong ca s Slide Design chn mc Animation Schemes

II. Nhp vn bn:
- nhp vn bn vo PowerPoint 2003, Bn Click vo biu tng Text Box hay chn Insert /
Text Box sau bn Click v ko chut to thnh mt khung

nhp vn bn vo khung, bn Click chut phi vo khung v chn Edit Text
Chn kiu hiu
ng cho Schemes
- Click Chn hiu ng bn mun
thay i
- Click Play xem lp li hiu
ng bn chn
- Click Slide Show xem trc,
nu va nhn Apply to All

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Bn c th nhp dng vn bn vo trong hp Text Box bnh thng nh Word. Bn c th to ra nhiu
Text Box nh vy cho nhiu on dng vn bn.
III. Hiu chnh vn bn:
3.1. Hiu chnh nh dng ch:
- Vo Format \ Font.

Hp thoi Font hin th:

+ Font : Chn cc loi font ch + Underline : Gch di ch.
+ Font style : Chn dng ch + Shadow : To bng m cho ch.
+ Size : Chn c ch + Emboss : To ch ni.
+ Color : Chn mu ch

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3.2. To Bullets v Numbering:
- Vo Format \ Bullets and Numbering.

Hp thoi Bullets and Numbering hin th:

+ Color : Mu hin th
+ Picture : Chn hnh nh m PowerPoint a ra sn thay th cho nh dng ang chn
+ Customize : Chn thay i nh dng theo bn trong Symbol
3.3. Canh u dng:
- Vo Format \ Alignment.

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+ Align Left : Canh u bn tri + Align Right : Canh u bn phi
+ Center : Canh u gia + Justify : Canh u hai bn
3. 4. Khong cch gia cc dng:
- Vo Format \ Line Spacing

Hp thoi Line Spacing hin th:



3. 5. i dng ch:
- Vo Format \ Change Case

- Line Spacing : Khong cch
gia cc dng
- Before Paragraph : Khong cch
pha trn on vn bn
- After paragraph : Khong cch
pha di on vn bn

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Hp thoi Change Case hin th:

3. 6. T mu:
Ging nh Word, bn c th click m cc ca s chn mu cho Text Box bng cc biu tng trn
thanh cng c v (Nu khng tm thy hin th thanh cng c v, bn c th chn t View \ Toolbars \
Drawing)

- Font Color : Chn mu ch
- Line Color : Chn mu ng vin cho Text Box
- Fill Color : Chn mu nn cho Text Box
IV. Cc cng c v;
Cc cng c v trong PowerPoint cng ging nh trong Word. Thanh cng c v Drawing thng hin th
pha di mn hnh. (Nu thanh cng c b n th vo View \ Toolbar \ Drawing)

4.1. V ng thng, hnh ch nht, hnh trn:
Click biu tng cn v trn thanh cng c Drawing

+ Line : ng thng
+ Rectangle : Hnh ch nht
+ Ovan: ng trn
a con tr n v tr cn v trong Slide, click & drag v
Trc khi v nu n Shift bn ch v c ng thng, hnh vung hoc hnh trn tu theo biu tng m
bn chn. Nu nhn v gi phm Ctrl th tm ca i tng s ngay v tr bt u v.
Trong trng hp mun v nhiu i tng lin tip, thay v Click chn biu tng v, bn cn double
click v sau v bnh thng cho n khi hon thnh, double click ti im v kt thc.
4. 2. S dng cc hnh mu:
Trong mc AutoShapes trn thanh c rt nhiu hnh mu, click vo hnh mu m bn mun chn, click &
drag trn mn hnh thit k v.

- Sentence case : Vit hoa u
cu
- Lowercase : Vit thng
- UPPERCASE : Vit hoa
- Title Case : Vit hoa u ch
- tOGGLE cASE : Vit thng u

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4.3. Thay i nt v:
Click chn i tng mun thay i v chn cc biu tng sau trn thanh cng c Drawing
+ Line Style : M bn chn ln nt v
+ Dash Style : M bn chn kiu nt v
+ Arrow Style: Chn u nt v (hnh mi tn.)
+ Shadow: To bng cho nt v
+ 3D: To hnh ni 3 chiu
4.4. To mu cho i tng:
Chn i tng mun t mu, sau Click vo hnh mi tn trn cc i tng t mu trn thanh cng c
Drawing
+ Line Color : T mu vin
+ Fill Color : T mu nn
Mu xanh dng

xoay i tng v
Mu vng dng

hiu chnh hnh
dng
Mu trng dng


thay i kch

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Khi m bng mu, nu mun c thm mu la chn, bn click mc More line Color...
V. S dng wordart:
S dng Word Art trong Powerpoint cng ging nh trong Word. Chn biu tng Word Art trn thanh cng
c v Drawing (Nu thanh cng c b n th vo View \ Toolbar \ Drawing)





Trong ca s WordArt Gallery , Bn chn dng WordArt mun to v n OK. Hp thoi Edit WordArt Text
hin th bn nhp dng ch v nhn OK chn


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Cng tng t nh cc i tng v, mi i tng ca WordArt u c cc nt hiu chnh i tng, bn
Click & drag nt ny hiu chnh hnh dng ca i tng WordArt
Trn mn hnh thit k ca Powerpoint 2003 khi bn mun hiu chnh mt i tng WordArt, bn
cn chn i tng v lc ny s hin th thanh WordArt vi cc biu tng sau: (Nu khng thy hin th
thanh WordArt, bn cn Click chut phI trn i tng v chn Show WordArt Toolbar).



+ 1: Chn thm WordArt + 6: Xoay WordArt (click & drag xoay)
+ 2: Sa ni dung + 7: i dng ch ch thng thnh ch hoa v ngc li
+ 3: Chn li WordArt + 8: i ch hng ngang thnh hng dc v ngc li
+ 4: nh dng WordArt + 9: Hiu chnh dng WordArt
+ 5: Chn kiu hiu ng
Vi. Chn hnh nh, phim, m thanh:
6.1. Chn Clip Art:
Vo Insert \ Picture \ Clip Art


Hp thoi Sports Microsoft Clip Organizer hin th, bn chn hnh cn chn v click right chn
Copy
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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Tr li Slide v click right chn Paste



6.2. Chn tp tin nh:
Vo Insert \ Picture \ From File



Hp thoi Insert Picture hin th, bn chn hnh cn chn v n nt Insert chn


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6.3. Chn s t chc:
Vo Insert \ Picture \ Organization Chat




thay i cu trc s , bn right click chut vo khung s v chn Layout s hin th cc
dng s cho bn chn.

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6.4. Chn phim, chn m thanh:
Vo Insert \ Muvies and Sounds\



+ Movie from Clip Organizer: Chn phim t th vin ca chng trnh Microsofr Office 2003
+ Movie from File: Chn tp tin dng .avi t chn
+ Sound from Clip Organizer: Chn tp tin sound t th vin Microsofr Office 2003
+ Sound from File: Chn tp tin m thanh t do
+ Play CD Audio Track : Chn m thanh t a Audio CD (Mun chn bn cho a Audio CD vo CD
Rom)
+ Record Sound: Ghi m thanh chn vo, c th l li thuyt minh ca bn.
ViI. Thit lp biu :
Vic chn biu vo Powerpoint cng ging nh trong Word hoc Excel. Mt s bc chnh nh
sau:
- Vo Insert \ Chart



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Trn mn hnh Powerpoint s hin nh sau:



- Chn dng biu : Vo Chat \ Chat Type


Ch : Nu khung Datasheet n i, bn s khng thy trnh n Chat, hin li khung Datasheet bn right
click chut ln khung biu v chn Chart Object / Edit
Khung nhp
s liu,
tng t
nh trong

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S hin th hp thoi Chat Type, bn chn cc mu biu c sn trong lp Standard Types Click OK nu
chp nhn biu .

- Nhp tiu cho biu :

Trong trnh n Chart / Chart Options


S hin th hp thoi Chart Options


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+ Bn chn lp Titles
+ Bn tiu trong mc Chart Title
+ Quy nh tn cho cc ct X, Y, Z
- Nhp tiu cho biu :
Vo Format / Font, chn li kiu ch, c ch v mu sc v nhn OK
Ch :
+ Khi mun chn Font cho c biu , bn phI click chn biu .
+ Mun chn Font, mu cho i tng no trong biu , cn click chn i tng ri chn li
Font, mu bnh thng.
+ Khi hiu chnh biu xong, click vo v tr trng trn mn hnh thit k kt thc, bng
Datasheet s n i v mn hnh thit k tr li bnh thng. Khi mun hiu chnh li, double click vo biu
chuyn sang ch hiu chnh.
ViIi. Qun l cc i tng:
8.1. Chn i tng:
Click vo i tng, mun chn nhiu i tng cng mt lc, nhn v gi phm Shift sau click vo cc
i tng cn chn. Nu i tng no l dng ch bn cn click vo ng vin Text box chn.
8.2. To nhm:
Sau khi chn nhm cc i tng cn to nhm sau, bn cn click chut phi ln mt i tng no
, s hin th mt menu bn chn Grouping / Group. b nhm, cng tng t nh vy bn chn Ungroup
v ly li nhm ban u sau khi b bn chn Regroup


8.3. Sp xp cc i tng:
Trn mt trang thit k c rt nhiu cc i tng. ch mc nh, i tng no c to ra sau
s nm trn cc i tng c to ra trc v c th che khut cc i tng khc. sp xp li v tr
cc i tng cn thc hin nh sau:
+ Chn i tng
+ Click chut phi ln i tng, chn Order


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+ Bring to Font : a i tng ln pha trn
+ Send to Back: y i tng xung sau cng
+ Bring Forward: a i tng ln mt v tr
+ Send Backward: a i tng xung mt v tr.
8.4. Sao chp cc i tng:
Chn i tng v:
+ Nhn Ctrl + C (Edit \ Copy) copy i tng
+ Nhn Ctrl + V (Edit \ Paste) dn i tng
+ Nhn Ctrl + D t copy v dn i tng
+ Chn i tng v nhn phm Delete xo i tng.

Bi 3: Thit lp cc hiu ng
I. Thit lp hiu ng
1.1. M ca s Custom Animation...:
- Chn Slide Show / Custom Animation

Lc trn mn hnh s hin th nh sau: Bn tri l mn hnh thit k, bn phI l ca s Custom
Animation

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- Bn chn i tng cn hiu ng trn mn hnh thit k.
- Click chn Add Effect trn ca s Custom Animation s hin th tt c cc hiu ng, ngoi ra bn c
th chn More Effects to ra cc hiu ng khc nhiu hn do Power to sn.
- Ln lt nh vy, chn tng i tng v to hiu ng.
1.2. Xc nh hot ng hiu ng:
- Xc nh hiu ng hot ng nh sau: Click vo nt mi tn phi ca mc Start bn s c ba s la
chn.

+ On click : i tng c to hiu ng s ln lt hin th sau mi click chut ca bn lc trnh din.
+ With Previous: i tng s t ng hin th trnh din
+ After Previous: i tng ny s hin th sau cng khi cc i tng khc trnh din
- Xc nh tc hiu ng hin th: Click vo nt mi tn phi ca mc Speed, Powerpoint s cho bn
cc la chn tc hin th




1.3. B hiu ng cho i tng:
- Click chn i tng v nhn vo nt Remove trn ca s Custom Animation v cui cng l bn
nhn F5 xem Powerpoint 2003 trnh din
II. Phim v m thanh:

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- Khi bn chn mt tp tin hoc m thanh vo trong Slide, mc nhin cc i tng ny c thit
lp cc thng s hot ng, tuy nhin bn c th kim sot tng chi tit ca cc i tng ny.
- Trong mn hnh thit k, bn chn i tng tp phim v Clich chut phi ln i tng. Chn Edit
Movie Object


Hp thoi Movie Options hin th s chn cc thng s la chn:



+ Loop until stopped: Trnh chiu lin tc
+ Rewind movie when done playing: T ng trnh chi
+ Hide while not playing: n trong lc khng trnh chiu
+ Zoom to full screen: Phng to ton mn hnh
Ch : Bn nn thit lp thi gian trnh ciu ca trang ln hn thi gian ca phim trnh hin tng lt
sang trang khc khi ang trnh chiu phim. (Bn xem trong mc Thit Lp Trnh Din bit thit lp thi
gian ca mt trang)

III. Chn nt iu khin:
- Vo Slide Show / Action Button /

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- Bn chn mt Button s hin th hp thoi Action Settng

a ra cho bn hai lp chn bin c:
+ Mouse Click: Bin c Click chut
+ Mouse Over: Bin c a tr chut n
Trong khung Action on click C cc lnh sau:
* Hyperlink to: (Lin kt n)
+ Next Slide: n trang sau
+ Previous Slide: V trang trc
+ First Slide: V trang u
+ Last Slide: n trang cui cng
+ End show: Kt thc trnh chiu
* Run Program: (Chy chng trnh khc)
Nhp ng dn v tp tin chy chng trnh hoc Click nt Browse tm v chn tp tin
* Object Action: Bn tu chn loi i tng no th s c cc ln khc nhau cho i tng
* Play Sount: Click m khung chn loi m thanh

IV. Thit lp trnh din:
Trc khi trnh chiu, bn cn thit lp ch chuyn i t trang ny sang trang khc v cc dng
kim sot trnh chiu nh sau:
4.1. Chuyn i gia cc trang:
Vo Slide Show / Slide Transition


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Ca s Slide Transition hin th























4.2. Thit lp trnh chiu:
Vo Slide Show / Set Up Show












Hp thoi Set Up Show hin th s cho bn cc thng s la chn

- Chn hiu ng chuyn i trong
khung ca mc chn Apply to
selected slide
- Chn tc hiu ng chuyn
trang (Speed ) v m thanh
chuyn trang (Sound) trong mc
Modify transition
- La chn click chut bt k
trn trang chuyn sang trang
khc (On mouse click) hoc xc
lp thi gian chuyn trang
(Automatically after) trong mc
chn Advance slide

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* Show type:
+ Presented by a speaker (full screen): Trnh chiu y mn hnh
+ Loop continuously until ESC: Lp li lin tc cho n khi nhn phm ESC + Show
without animation: Khng trnh chiu hiu ng
+
Tu tng mc bn thit lp s c cc la chn khc nhau
* Show slides:
+ All: Trnh chiu ln lt tt c cc trang
+ From to : Trnh chiu t trang .n trang
* Advance slide:
+ Manually: Khng chuyn i trang theo thi gian xc lp, chuyn i bng trnh n. ch
ny sau khi trnh chiu xong, cc hiu ng ca cc i tng trong trang hin hnh mn hnh s dng li v
hin th mt trnh n iu khin bn gc tri bn iu khin. + Using timings, If present: Trnh chiu vi
thi gian c thit lp

Bi 4: Lu v ng gi tp tin
I. chun b v trnh din
1.1. M ca s Custom Animation...:
Khi thit k xong, tin s dng vic trnh din bn nn lu tp tin thnh dng Powerpoint Show nh sau:
- Chn File / Save As
- Hp thoi Save As hin th, trong hp thoi Save As bn chn PowerPoint Show trong khung chn
Save as type. Bn nhp tn v nhn nt Save lu li.

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Tp tin dng .pps chnh l tp tin bn dng trnh din, v khi chy tp tin ny bn khng cn m li
Powerpoint.
Nhn phm ESC thot khi chy tp tin dng .pps v chng trnh s thot tr li Windows ch khng phi
tr li Powerpoint.
a chng trnh i trnh din my khc, bn ch cn chp theo tp tin .pps (my tnh trnh din cn
phi c chng tnh Microsoft Powerpoint, nu khng bn phi ng gi tp tin)
1.2. To biu tng cho tp tin:
vic trnh din c tnh chuyn nghip, bn nn cho tp tin cn trnh din mt biu tng trn mn hnh
Windows, khi mun trnh din ch cn click vo biu tng ny l chng trnh c th bt u ngay. Cc
bc to biu tng nh sau:
* Right click ti khong trng trn mn hnh Windows v chn New / Shorcut.

- Click Browse v tm chn tp tin dng .pps mun trnh chiu

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* Nhp tn cho biu tng trong khung Type a name for this shorcut (nu mun i tn) sau click Finish
Biu tng bn va to s hin th trn mn hnh Windows, bn click vo biu tng ny bt u
chy trnh din
II. ng gi tp tin:
2.1. ng gi tp tin:
Khi chy tp tin Powerpoint dng .ppt hay .pps th trong my tnh phi c sn chng trnh Powerpoint. Khi
ng gi tp tin, chng trnh s t ng ghp thm cc tp tin h thng gip bn c th trnh din bt c
my tnh no c h iu hnh m khng cn ci sn Microsoft Powerpoint.
Ngoi vic ng gi cc tp tin s gip bn thu nh tp tin d dng sao chp n cc my khc.
Lu : Nu my tnh m bn d nh s dng trnh din c sn Microsoft Powerpoint th bn c th ch
cn chp tp tin dng .pps theo l . Khi mun ng gi tp tin Powerpoint show no, bn dng Microsoft
Powerpoint m tp tin ra v thc hin nh sau:
- Chn File / Pack and Go
III. Chuyn thnh dng Web:
d dng chuyn ti nhng trang trnh din ca Powerpoint ln Internet bn s chuyn cc trang ny thnh
dng trang web (dng .html)
Trc khi quyt nh chuyn tp tin thnh dng Web bn c th xem cc Slide di dng Web bng cch
chn File / Web Page Review.

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3.1. Chuyn tp tin thnh dng Web:
* Vo File / Save as Web Page

Hp thoi Save As hin th, bn chn mc Web Page v click Save to v lu thnh trang Web

3.2. S dng tp tin .html
Tp tin dng .html thng thng c m bng cc phn mm trnh duyt Web nh Internet Explorer
Bn c th m tp tin ny bng cch click vo tp tin trong ca s Windows Explorer, hoc t cc phn mm
trnh duyt Web bnh thng. Cc thao tc trang ging nh cctng web bnh thng.
PHN MM CHEMOFFICE 2004

Chng trnh Chemoffice (http://www.camsoft.com) l mt phn mm ha hc rt mnh
vi rt nhiu tnh nng, v h tr nhiu cho nhiu phn mm ha hc khc, phin bn mi nht cho
n thi im hin ti l Chemoffice 2008. Trong ti liu ny chng ti tp chung chnh vo vic
bin son ti liu (mc c bn nht) nhm phc v cho vic son tho cng thc ha hc dng
khng gian 2 chiu (2D), dng khng gian 3 chiu (3D) v cch lu tr mt s nh dng file ph
bin. Cc ti liu nng cao s c chng ti cp nht sau.

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A. Ci t phn mm
1. Nhp p vo biu tng bt tin hnh ci t, khi xut hin ca
s u tin



2. Chn Next tip tc


3. Chn Iccept ther terms in the license agreement


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4. in bn ng k theo mu
y l phn mm bn c bn quyn, v vy s dng hp php, hy ng k mua bn
quyn ti www.cambridgesoft.com. Vi kh nng ti chnh khng cho php v ch s dng cho
mc ch gio dc, c th s dng:
S Serial number: 7654321
Registration: VLPG- CG5O-5K22-VKVK-RF


Ch : Cn phi nhp y Serial number v Registration ri mi nhn Next, nu khng khi Back
li nhp chng trnh s khng chp nhn. Khi phi tin hnh ci t t u
5. Chn Next tip tc


6. Chn install

32


7. Chng trnh ci t vo my



8. Nhn Finish kt thc qu trnh ci t



33
B. S dng
Chng trnh Chemoffice c rt nhiu tnh nng v h tr nhiu chng trnh Ha hc
khc, tuy nhin do mc ch s dng ca gio vin trng ph thng v thi gian c hn, tm thi
chng ti ch vit ti liu hng dn son tho ha hc v chuyn i cng thc sang dng 3D
(khng gian 3 chiu) mc c bn nht

I. Vit cng thc ha hc
1. Khi ng chng trnh: Chn Start \Program\Chemoffice 2006\ChemDraw Ultra 10.0



2. Mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh





3. Thc hnh
tin cho vic theo di v thao tc, chng ti tm thi qui c nh sau:
Thanh Menu
lnh
Thanh tiu
Thanh trt
dc
Thanh trt ngang
Thanh cng c
Mn hnh soan tho

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Nhp chut: nhp chut tri mt ln, nhp p: nhp lin tip chut tri hai ln, nhp phi:
nhp chut phi mt ln
V d 1: V phn t 2,4,6-tribromphenol
Bc 1: V vng benzen
Nhp chut vo biu tng vng benzen trn thanh cng c (khi biu tng s b chm
xung so vi ban u), sau a con tr ra ngoi mn hnh son tho, nhp chut vo v tr cn
v



Bc 2: V lin kt n
Nhp chut vo biu tng lin kt n (\),sau a con tr vo v tr cn lin kt (thy xut
hin mt vung nh bao quanh v tr cn lin kt) v nhp chut



Ch : Khi a tr vo v tr cn lin kt, nu cha thy xut hin vung m vn nhp chut,
chng trnh s hiu rng y l 2 i tng hon ton ring bit
Bc 3: V nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t
Nhp chut vo biu tng text (A), sau a con tr vo v tr cn lin kt v nhp chut,
g vo nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t (cn ch n ch hoa v ch thng).

35


Mun copy sang Word hoc PowerPoint ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
- Nhp chut vo mt trong hai biu tng trn thanh cng c la chn phn t.
- Sau khi chn phn t cn copy, vo menu Edit chn ln coppy hoc s dng t hp phm
Ctrl + C
- M chng trnh Word, t con tr vo v tr cn dn trn mn hnh son tho, sau
vo menu Edit chn lnh Paste hoc nhn ng thi t hp phm Ctrl + V
V d 2: V phn t Stiren
Bc 1: V vng benzen (nh v d 1)
Bc 2: V lin kt n (nh v d 1)
Bc 3: V nhm nguyn t CH -ch hoa, khng dng ch thng (nh v d 1)



Bc 4: V lin kt i
Nhp chut vo biu tng lin kt i trn thanh cng c (\\),khi chng trnh s t
ng bo li ha tr k (nhm nguyn t CH c bao quanh bi mt hnh vung mu ).
a con tr vo v tr cn lin kt v v lin kt i
Bc 5: V nhm nguyn t CH
2


36


II. V hoc chuyn cng thc dng 2D sang 3D
1. Khi ng chng trnh:
Chn Start \Program\ChemOffice 2006\Chem3D Ultra 10.0


Khi xut hin hp thoi Chem 3D to chem 3D 10.0! la chn chc nng 2 (nh hnh v), nhp
chut chn vo I have read. khng hin th thng bo trong cc khi ng tip theo, sau nhp OK
bt u.


37

2. Mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh



3. M hnh phn t (dng 3D)
a) V cc phn t n gin, VD: CH
4
; C
2
H
4

Cch 1: Nhp chut vo biu tng (A), sau a ra ngoi mn hnh, n v tr cn v v nhp
chut, s xut hin mt khung mu trng cho php nhp k t t bn phm



G C
2
H
4
t bn phm, sau nhn Enter, chng trnh s hin th phn t dng que (mc nh)


38

xem phn t cc gc khc nhau, nhp chut vo biu tng trn thanh cng c, sau
a con tr ra ngoi mn hnh ti v tr c phn t nhn gi chut tri v di chut.
xem phn t dng cc nh dng khc chn ch' hin th trn thanh cng c, v d: dng
cu v que (Ball & Stick)





Cch 2: Chn biu tng lin kt i trn thanh cng c sau a ra ngoi mn hnh, gi
v di chut tri.
b) Vi nhng phn t phc tp, thc hin theo cc bc
Bc 1: Dng chng trnh ChemDraw Ultra 10.0 v cng thc dng 2D



Bc 2: Coppy phn t va v v Paste vo Chem 3D Ultra 10.0
- Copy phn t v trong ChemDraw
M chng trnh Chem 3D, vo menu Edit chn lnh Paste hoc nhn ng thi t hp
phm Ctrl+ V


39


Phn t c th hin dng que


Nhn vo biu tng trn thanh cng c hin th tn cc nguyn t


4. Lu tr File vi cc nh dng khc nhau
Chem 3D cho php lu tr File rt nhiu nh dng khc nhau, ty thuc vo mc ch s dng

40
m ngi dng chn nh dng lu tr cho ph hp.



lu tr File cc nh dng khc ngoi nh dng chun ca phn mm, chn Menu File\Save
As


Trong dy hc ha hc thng s dng hai nh dng File l nh (Image): Bitmap, GIF, JPEG
(nh dng thng dng l JPEG) hoc phim (Movie) chn vo tp tin trnh din bng MicroSoft
PowerPoint
V d: Lu tp tin nh dng Movie (*.avi)
- Chn kiu chuyn ng quanh trc: t Menu Movie chn Spin about X, Y hoc Z axis (v d:
chn trc Z)


41


i vi Chemoffice 2004:
- Sau khi xem chuyn ng ca phn t chn nt stop trn thanh iu khin



- Nhn nt ghi , sau chn Menu File\Save As, khi xut hin hp thoi Save As chn
Windows AVI Movie (*.avi), ri lu li tp tin nh dng ny.


i vi Chemoffice 2006 sau khi chn trc ri ch vic nhn menu File\Save As, khi xut hin hp
thoi Save As chn Windows AVI Movie (*.avi), ri lu li tp tin nh dng ny.

42
PHN MM VIOLET

1. Gii thiu VIOLET v cch ci t
Gii thiu phn mm VIOLET
Phn mm VIOLET ca Cng ty c phn Tin hc Bch kim l cng c gip cho cc gio
vin c th t xy dng c phn mm h tr dy hc theo tng ca mnh mt cch nhanh
chng. So vi cc cng c khc, VIOLET ch trng hn trong vic to ra cc bi ging c m
thanh, hnh nh, m phng, chuyn ng v tng tc...
VIOLET c vit tt t cm t ting Anh: Visual & Online Lecture Editor for Teacher
(cng c son tho bi ging trc tuyn dnh cho gio vin).
Tng t phn mm thit k trnh din Microsoft PowerPoint, VIOLET c y cc chc
nng dng to cc trang ni dung bi ging nh nhp cc d liu vn bn, cng thc ton, cc
d liu multimedia (nh, m thanh, phim, hot hnh Flash...), sau lp ghp cc d liu, sp xp
th t, cn chnh hnh nh, to cc chuyn ng v hiu ng, x l cc tng tc vi ngi dng.
Ring i vi vic x l d liu multimedia. So vi PowerPoint, vic s dng VIOLET cn cha
c thun li v d dng cho ngi dng nh PowerPoint, tuy nhin chng trnh ny c mt s
chc nng tt hn nh cho php nhp v th hin cc file Flash hoc cho php iu khin qu trnh
chy ca cc on phim v.v...
VIOLET cung cp sn nhiu mu bi tp chun thng c s dng trong cc SGK v
sch bi tp nh:
- Bi tp trc nghim, gm c cc loi: mt p n ng, nhiu p n ng, ghp i, chn
ng sai, v.v...
- Bi tp ch: hc sinh phi tr li cc ch ngang suy ra ch dc.
- V th hm s: c th v c th bt k hm s no, c bit cn th hin c s
chuyn ng bin i hnh dng ca th khi thay i cc tham s ca biu thc.
- Bi tp ko th ch / ko th hnh nh: hc sinh phi ko th cc i tng ny vo ng
nhng v tr c quy nh trc trn mt hnh nh hoc mt on vn bn. Bi tp ny
cn c th th hin di dng bi tp in khuyt hoc n/hin.
VIOLET cho php chn nhiu kiu giao din (skin) khc nhau cho bi ging, ty thuc vo
bi hc, mn hc v thch ca ngi son. Ngi son cng th t to ra c trang ba ghi
cc thng tin cn thit cho mi sn phm bi ging.
Sau khi son tho xong bi ging, VIOLET s cho php xut bi ging ra thnh mt file
EXE hoc file HTML chy c lp, tc l khng cn VIOLET vn c th chy c trn mi my
tnh, hoc a ln my ch thnh cc bi ging trc tuyn s dng qua mng Internet.
VIOLET c giao din c thit k trc quan v d dng, ngn ng giao tip v phn tr gip
ca VIOLET hon ton bng ting Vit. V vy, mt gio vin khng gii tin hc v ngoi ng vn
c th s dng c VIOLET mt cch d dng. Mt khc, do s dng Unicode nn font ch trong
VIOLET v trong cc sn phm bi ging u p, d nhn v c th th hin c mi th ting trn
th gii. Thm na, Unicode l bng m chun quc t nn font ting Vit lun m bo tnh n
nh trn mi my tnh, mi h iu hnh v mi trnh duyt Internet.
1.1. Ci t v chy chng trnh
C th download bn dng th ti a ch http://www.vicosoft.com hoc
http://forum.dhsphn.edu.vn
Phin bn 1.5 tch hp b g ting vit theo chun Unicode v vy khi g ting Vit, bn
phi tt cc chng trnh b g nh ABC, VietKey, UniKey,... s dng ch g ting Vit ca
Violet.

43
(Mun s dng ting Vit trong Violet v1.5 - Bn m PM Violet - Bm vo Tu chn / t cu
hnh/ b du chek "v" ca Bt ch g ting Vit - bm ng .L Bn nh ting Vit khng
cn tt PM Unikey hoc PM Vietkey )
Chy chng trnh Violet, giao din chnh ca chng trnh s hin ra. Hnh di y l
giao din chng trnh Violet khi ang son bi Nguyn t - Ha hc lp 8.































2. Cc chc nng ca VIOLET
1.2. Nhp cc d liu hnh nh, m thanh, phim
VIOLET cho php nhp c nhiu d liu multimedia (nh JPEG, phim Flash Video, hot
hnh Shockware Flash, m thanh MP3) v cc on vn bn ngn ln cng mt trang mn hnh.
Cc d liu a vo u c th chnh sa c v tr, kch thc, th t v rt nhiu cc thuc
tnh cn thit khc.
Ring i vi vic nhp phim, c th xem chi tit v cch to ra cc file phim ti phn Ph
lc 1: s dng video trong VIOLET.
Cch dng chc nng ny nh sau:
Vo menu Ni dung Thm mc, mn hnh nhp liu u tin s xut hin. G tn
Ch v tn Mc, chn loi mn hnh hin th l Hnh nh, m thanh, phim..., sau nhn nt
Tip tc. Mn hnh nhp liu hin ra nh sau:

2. Cu trc bi ging
4. Danh sch cc file d liu
3. Giao din bi ging
1. Menu v cc nt chc nng
Hnh 1: Giao din ca chng trnh VIOLET

44

Mn hnh nhp cc d liu multimedia v vn bn
Cc phn tip sau y s m t chc nng ca 3 nt nhp liu: Thm nh, Thm ch v Xa
trong mn hnh trn.
1.2.1. Nt Thm nh
Click chut vo nt Thm nh, bng nhp d liu hnh nh s hin ra nh sau:

Tn file d liu: Cho bit file d liu no s c hin th trong mc ny. VIOLET h tr 4
nh dng multimedia (nh JPEG, hot hnh Flash, m thanh MP3 v Video). C th nhn vo nt
"" m ra hp Open File ging nh trong cc ng dng Windows.

45

V tr d liu trong file: Vi file Flash c th cha c nhiu nh, phim, ti nhiu v tr
(frame) khc nhau, nn phn ny s cho bit v tr ca d liu trong file Flash (c th l tn
frame hoc ch s ca frame).
Cc d liu multimedia ny s do chnh ngi son bin tp, to ra bng cc chng trnh
v hnh, x l nh nh Corel Draw, Paint Brush, Photoshop, hoc cc chng trnh to nh ng
nh Flash, Swish,... Ngun hnh nh nhp vo y c th l qut (scan) t sch bo ti liu,
hoc copy t cc a CD th vin hnh nh, hoc bng phng php hin i nht l tm kim
thng tin trn Internet.
a) Dch chuyn, co gin i tng
Sau khi nhp nh, ngi dng c th dng chut ko, dch chuyn cc hnh nh ny, hoc
thay i kch thc, t l co gin bng cc im nt gc, gia cnh v im nt gia hnh.

Vi mt trong 8 im nt bin, ngi dng c th dng chut ko (drag) n lm cho
hnh dng, kch thc i tng cng thay i theo.
Vi im nt tm i tng, khi ngi dng nhn chut vo ri di ln th hnh s phng
to, di xung th hnh thu nh. y l thao tc phng to thu nh n thun. Khi nhn chut vo i
tng (m khng nhn vo bt k im nt no) sau ko chut th c i tng cng s c
ko theo. y l thao tc thay i v tr n thun.
Nu click vo nt , bng iu chnh thuc tnh ca i tng hin ra ngay bn cnh nh
sau:

46

Trong :
Hai nhp liu u tin l t l co gin theo chiu ngang v theo chiu dc ca nh (trong
hnh trn bc nh c co nh li 60%). Cc nhp liu ny gip cho ngi dng bit hoc thit
lp t l co gin ca nh mt cch chnh xc ch khng c lng nh vic co gin bng cch ko
cc im nt nh cp phn trn.
Hp kim tra Gi nguyn t l di rng, c tc dng quyt nh khi ko cc im nt th t
l chiu di / chiu rng c thay i hay khng, hoc khi sa trong cc nhp t l co gin th 2
con s ny c cng thay i hay khng. Thng thng nn thit lp ch Gi nguyn t l
trnh khi co ko, hnh nh khng b mo.
sng: Ton b mu trong nh u cng sng ln hoc cng ti i. Vic chnh sa ny s
c tc dng khi cc nh t liu u vo qu sng hoc qu ti, hoc khi ngi dng c ch ch
trong vic chnh sng ti.
tng phn: Nhng mu sng no sng th cng sng hn, mu ti th cng ti i, hoc
ngc li, mu sng bt sng, mu ti bt ti. Vic tng tng phn lm cho mu sc ca nh
thm r rt v nh cng sc nt hn. Thng thng khi iu chnh sng th tng phn mu
sc cng m nht i nn cng phi iu chnh tng tng phn na.
C th tham kho ng dng ca vic iu chnh sng nh phn Chn trang ba.
c) Thay i th t sp xp v kha i tng
Nu c nhiu hnh nh, phim, vn bn,... trn mt mn hnh th s c nhng i tng
trn v i tng di (v d trong hnh di y th hnh con chu chu trn hnh hai con
ong). Bn chn mt i tng, sau click nt bn phi (nt thay i th t), th s hin ra
mt thc n nh sau:


47
Bn mc menu u tin dng thay i th t. Mc Ln trn cng l a i tng
ang chn ln th t cao nht m khng i tng no c th che ph c n, cn mc Ln
trn l a i tng ln trn mt bc th t. Tng t nh vy vi cc chc nng Xung di
v Xung di cng.
Mc menu th 5 dng kha i tng li, ngha l vn cho php chn i tng, thay i
thuc tnh, th t, nhng khng cho thay i v tr v kch thc na. Chn mc ny ln th 2 th
i tng c m kha v c th dch chuyn, co ko nh bnh thng.
1.2.2. Nt Thm ch
Sau khi click vo nt ny, th trn bng trng s xut hin mt son tho c khung mu
xm. Ngi dng c th son tho cc vn bn ca mnh trc tip trn ny, v c th iu chnh
cc tham s ca vn bn nh font ch, kch thc, mu sc,...

C th nhn chut ln ng vin mu xm v dch chuyn i tng, hoc nhn chut vo
gc tri di ca khung xm ny thay i kch thc. Lu vi mt on vn bn th nn iu
chnh kch thc ca khung xm cho n rng hn hn on ch phng xy ra trng hp
mt cc ch cui cng.
Click chut vo nt , hp thuc tnh ca vn bn s hin ra bn cnh nh sau:

Trong , cc thuc tnh t tri qua phi, t trn xung di ln lt l: mu sc, font ch,
kch thc ch, ch m, ch nghing, ch gch chn, cn l tri, cn l gia, cn l phi, gch
u dng, khong cch gia cc dng.
Nt thay i th t ca i tng c chc nng hon ton ging vi nt tng ng ca
i tng hnh nh.
1.2.3. Nt Cng thc
Dng nhp cc cng thc v cc phng trnh Ton hc, Vt l, Ha hc,... gm c cc
k t Hy Lp, cc ton t, k hiu so snh, tng quan, cc hm chun, cc k hiu trn di
ch, mi tn, k hiu logic v nhiu k hiu c bit khc. Bn phi g theo chun LaTex to ra
cc k hiu ny (xem Ph lc 2).
1.2.4. Nt Xa
Nhn vo y xa i tng (nh, phim, vn bn,...) ang c chn. Nh vy, nu
mun xa i tng no th phi chn i tng ri nhn nt ny th mi xa c.
1.3. Vn bn nhiu nh dng
Vn bn nhiu nh dng c s dng cho cc trang bi ging m ni dung ca trang
th hin vn bn l chnh. y, trong cng mt nhp text, ngi dng c th nh dng vn bn
ca mnh theo nhiu kiu khc nhau, ging nh khi trnh by vn bn trong cc cng c ca
Microsoft Office.
1.3.1. Cch dng
Vo menu Ni dung Thm mc, g tn Ch v tn Mc, chn Loi mn hnh hin
th l Vn bn nhiu nh dng, sau nhn nt Tip tc. Mn hnh nhp liu hin ra v bn
c th nhp d liu nh sau:

48

Cc chc nng ca cc nt thuc tnh y u ging nh trong hp thuc tnh vn bn
gii thiu phn trn, gm c: font ch, kch thc ch, mu sc, ch m, ch nghing, ch
gch chn, cn l tri, cn l gia, cn l phi, nh du gch u dng, khong cch dng. Cng
c thc k pha trn hp nhp liu dng to l cho vn bn ging nh trong Microsoft Word.
Khi thc hin nhng chc nng ny th ch nhng vng ch ang c la chn trong hp
son tho di s c tc ng m thi. o thay i thuc tnh ca nhng ch no, trc
tin phi la chn (bi en ging nh trong Word), ri mi nhn nt chc nng.
1.3.2. Chn nh vo vn bn
Trong ch son vn bn ny, ngi dng cng c th chn c nh vo. Sau khi chn
nh th c th iu chnh kch thc ca nh ny v chn mt trong hai ch cn l: cn l tri
hoc cn l phi. V kh nng s dng nh trong mn hnh nhp liu vn bn tng i hn ch
nn vi nhng trang bi ging c nhiu hnh nh th bn khng nn s dng loi mn hnh vn
bn ny.
Cc thao tc x l i tng nh trong vn bn
- Thay i kch thc nh: Sau khi chn nh vo nh trn, c th click vo nh chn, sau
ko cc im nt bin iu chnh kch thc nh (phng to, thu nh,...). Tuy nhin,
y ta khng th dch chuyn c nh (mun dch chuyn nh n ch khc th phi xa
nh ch ny v chn li vo ch khc).
- Xa nh: ta chn i tng nh bng cch click chut vo , ri nhn nt Delete trn bn
phm.
- V tr nh: Khi chn mt nh vo vn bn th v tr nh c chn vo s ngay di dng
vn bn m ang c con tr nhp nhy.
- Cn v tr nh: Chn i tng nh, nhn vo cc nt cn l tri hoc cn l phi a nh
vo cc v tr bn tri hoc bn phi. Lu l VIOLET khng cho php cn gia i vi
nh.
1.4. To cc mn hnh bi tp
1.4.1. To bi tp trc nghim
VIOLET cho php to c 4 kiu bi tp trc nghim:
Mt p n ng: Ch cho php chn 1 p n
Nhiu p n ng: Cho php chn nhiu p n mt lc

49
ng/Sai: Vi mi phng n s phi tr li l ng hay sai
Cu hi ghp i (sp xp th t): Ko th cc ct phi vo cc tng ng ct tri
c kt qu ng.
V d 1: To mt bi tp trc nghim nh sau:
Cc cu tr li sau y l ng hay sai?
a) Cc obitan p c cng s nh hng trong khng gian.
b) Theo m hnh Bo: trong nguyn t cc electron chuyn ng trn nhng qu o xc
nh
c) Nhng electron chuyn ng gn ht nhn chim mc nng lng cao
d) Obitan s c dng hnh cu, tm l ht nhn nguyn t
Vo menu Ni dungThm mc, nhp tn Ch v tn Mc, chn loi mn hnh hin
th l Bi tp trc nghim, ri nhn nt Tip tc, mn hnh nhp liu cho loi bi tp trc nghim
s hin ra. Ta son tho bi tp trn nh sau:

thm phng n, ta nhn vo nt + gc di bn tri, bt phng n th nhn
vo nt . Sau khi nhp xong, ta nhn nt "ng " s c mn hnh bi tp trc nghim nh
sau:

50

V d 2: Kiu bi trc nghimGhp i.
Cho 1 nguyn t c k hiu nh di y. Hy ghp cu tr li ng cho nhng cu sau:
S khi l:.. 35
Lp v c:.. 17e
Ht nhn c: ... 17 p,18 n
n v in tch ht nhn l: ... 17
17 +
52
35 p, 18 n
Ta thc hin cc bc nh bi tp trn, chn kiu bi tp trc nghim l Ghp i, v ch
khi son tho phi lun a ra kt qu ng ng sau mi phng n. Sau , VIOLET s trn
ngu nhin cc kt qu ngi lm bi tp sp xp li.
Nhn nt ng ta s c bi tp hin th ln mn hnh nh sau:

Khi lm bi tp loi ny, hc sinh phi dng chut nhc gi tr ct phi t vo ct tr li,
ri nhn vo nt kt qu nhn c cu tr li l ng hay sai. HS c th lm tng cu mt ri
xem kt qu ngay, hoc c th lm ht cc cu ri mi xem kt qu u c.

51
Cch g mt s k hiu c bit trong bi trc nghim:
g gc ABC/gc B, ta nhp trong Violet: (gc)(ABC)/(gc)(B)
g k t , v d 30, ta nhp trong Violet l 30()
to k hiu cn, v d 961 , ta nhp trong Violet: (cn)(961)
to k hiu ly tha: e
x
ta g e^x hay vi 2
10
ta g 2^(10)
to ch s di: H
2
SO
4
ta g H_2SO_4, hay N
20
ta g N_(20)
V d 3: To bi trc nghim c cc k hiu c bit v hnh v:
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c AB = 2 v AC= 12 , s o gc C l:
C

= 30

= 60

= 70

y l kiu bi trc nghim Mt p n ng, ch c p n a) l ng. Ta son tho trn
mn hnh nh sau:


S dng hnh nh trong bi tp trc nghim:
Dng Macromedia Flash, Corel Draw v hnh v to ra mt file .swf, hoc dng mt phn
mm x l nh (chng hn nh Paint Brush, Photoshop,...) v hnh v to ra mt file nh JPEG.
Nhp tn file ny vo nhp liu nh, nh ny s c hin ra trong bi trc nghim ngay
pha di ca cu hi.
Ngoi Flash, Corel v cc chng trnh x l nh, ta cng c th v bt k chng trnh
no: Sketchpad, Geocabri, Word, v.v nhng kt qu phi ghi dng nh JPEG (bng cch dng
chc nng chp hnh v ghi nh thng qua cc phn mm nh Paint, Photoshop,...). Chng hn vi
bi tp v d 3, ta chn thm tam gic vung ABC vo mn hnh trc nghim bng cch v
Sketchpad mt tam gic vung, sau chp hnh v (nhn nt PrintScreen), dn (Paste) sang Paint
v ghi dng JPEG.
Sau vo VIOLET, hp nhp liu nh, ta nhp tn file nh JPEG nh hnh trn, hoc
nhn nt ba chm ... chn file nh . Nhn nt ng ta c mn hnh bi tp sau:

52


i vi bi tp nhiu p n ng, ta cng lm tng t nh i vi bi tp mt p n
ng v bi tp ng/sai.
1.4.2. To bi tp ch
V d 4: To mt bi tp ch da theo sch gio khoa Ha hc 8. Khi to bi tp ny,
ngi son tho phi bit trc v ch ct dc v cc cu tr li hng ngang.
Tr chi gii ch.
1. Nguyn t ny c dng sn xut x, chu, m un nc....
2. Lng ngh truyn thng v sn xut gm s ca H Ni.
3. Nguyn t ny c dng chnh sn xut dy dn in.
4. Hi thi ht quan h hng nm Bc Ninh.
5. Nguyn t ny c trong thnh phn ca mui n.
Cc cu tr li hng ngang ln lt l: Nhm; Bt Trng; ng; Hi Lim; Natri..
Ch ct dc l: HNI.
Cc thao tc trong VIOLET
Vo menu: Ni dung Thm mc. Nhp tn ch v tn mc, chn "Loi mn hnh
hin th" l Bi tp ch, ri nhn nt Tip tc. Mn hnh nhp liu cho bi tp ch hin ra,
nhp cc tham s (hnh sau th hin vic nhp liu ca hai cu hi hng ngang u tin).

53

Trong :
"T tr li" l p n ng ca cu hi
"T trn ch" l tp hp cc ch ci s c hin ln ch, v vy thng l ch hoa
v khng c du cch.
"V tr ch" l v tr ca ch ci trong "T trn ch" m s thuc vo dc.
Ta ln lt nhp nm cu hi v nm cu tr li tng ng trong bi vo cc hp nhp
liu. Tip cn c vo ch ct dc cn ly mi dng hng ngang, ta s xc nh c V tr
ch.

Nu khng nhp g vo T trn ch th d liu nhp ny s c t ng sinh ra t
T tr li. Do , nu khng c g c bit, ta c th b qua phn T trn ch nhp d
liu cho nhanh.
Cui cng, nhn nt ng ta s thu c mt trang bi tp ch. Khi gii ch ta click
chut vo cu hi, ri g cu tr li tng ng vo hp, nhn Enter ta c kt qu trn ch nh
sau:

54


2.3.3. Bi tp ko th ch
To cc dng bi tp ko th ch
L nhng bi tp trong , trn mt on vn bn c cc ch trng (...), ngi son c th
to ra 3 dng bi tp nh sau:
1. Ko th ch: nhim v ca hc sinh l ko cc t tng ng th vo nhng ch trng.
Ngoi cc t phng n ng ca on vn bn cn c nhng phng n nhiu khc.
2. in khuyt: Khng c sn cc t phng n, hc sinh phi click chut vo trng
g (nhp) phng n ca mnh vo.
3. n/hin ch: Khi click chut vo ch trng th p n s hin ln (nu ang n), hoc
n i (nu ang hin).
V d 7: To bi tp ko th ch vo on vn nh sau
on vn
n cht l nhng cht c to nn t ........................................ cn hp cht
c to nn t ........................................
Kim loi ng, kh oxi, kh hiro l nhng ........................................ cn nc, kh
cacbonic l nhng ........................................
Cc t
n cht, mt nguyn t, hai nguyn t tr ln, hai cht tr ln,
hp cht, hai nguyn t tr ln, mt cht, mt nguyn t.

Cc thao tc trong VIOLET
Vo menu: Ni dung Thm mc. Nhp tn ch v tn mc, chn "Loi mn hnh
hin th" l Bi tp ko th ch, ri nhn nt Tip tc. Mn hnh nhp liu cho bi tp ko th
ch hin ra, nhp cc tham s nh sau:

55

nhp liu, ta s g cu hi v ton b ni dung vn bn (c c cc t m sau ny s c
n i) vo nhp liu. Sau chn cc t n ny (bi en t) ri nhn nt "Chn ch". Hoc n
gin hn, chn mt t ta g 2 cp k hiu x dc cnh nhau 2 u ca t : ||<t c
chn>||.
Sau khi chn t bng bt k cch no, trn nhp liu t s c mu nn rt d nhn
ra. Nu thi khng chn t na, ta ch vic xa cc cp k hiu || i l c.
Trong cc dng bi tp ny, ta cng c th chn thm hnh nh vo pha di cu hi
ging nh trong phn to bi tp trc nghim.
i vi bi tp ko th ch, ta c th nhp thm cc phng n nhiu bng cch nhn nt
Tip tc. Nu khng cn phng n nhiu hoc vi cc bi tp in khuyt v n/hin ch th ta
c th nhn lun nt ng kt thc qu trnh nhp liu. Di y l mn hnh nhp phng
n nhiu cho loi bi tp ko th ch.


Trong :
- Nt "Thm ch" dng thm mt phng n nhiu, sau khi click nt ny ta s g trc tip
ni dung phng n ln danh sch.
- Nt "Quay li" tr v mn hnh nhp liu trc.
- Nt "ng " kt thc qu trnh nhp liu v to bi tp. Vi cch nhp liu nh trn
VIOLET s sinh ra mt bi tp ko th ch nh hnh di y.

56

Bi tp ko th ch
V d 8: Bi tp in khuyt
Ta c th sa li bi tp trn thnh dng bi tp "in khuyt" (vo menu Ni dung mc
Sa i thng tin Nhn Tip tc Chn kiu in khuyt Nhn nt ng ). Cc t
phng n lc ny s khng c hin ra ngay t u. Ngi dng khi click chut vo cc trng
ca bi tp th ngay ti s xut hin mt nhp liu cho php nhp phng n ng vo.


Bi tp in khuyt
Khi kim tra chnh xc ca cc phng n, my tnh s b qua s khc bit v ch hoa,
ch thng v s lng du cch gia cc t.
to ra loi bi tp "n/hin ch" th cng thao tc hon ton tng t nh trn.
1.4.3. V th hm s
Chc nng ny cho php v th hm s theo 2 dng: th hm s y = f(x) v th hm
ph thuc tham s x = X(t) v y = Y(t). Khi nhp cc hm s, ngoi bin s, c th s dng cc
tham s a v b. Cc tham s ny s c nhp mt gi tr hoc mt khong gi tr. Nu l mt
khong th khi v th, hnh dng th s thay i theo s bin i ca cc tham s t gi tr
th nht n gi tr th hai.
Vo menu: Ni dung Thm mc, nhp tn ch v tn mc, chn loi mn hnh V
th hm s, ri nhn Tip tc, mn hnh nhp liu sau s hin ra:
Ch : nhp chui k t biu din hm s phi theo ng quy tc:
- Ton t: cng (+), tr (-), nhn (*), chia (/), ly tha (^)
- Ton hng: s, tham s, bin s (x, t), hng s (pi, e)

57
- Cc hm s: sin, cos, tg, cotg, arcsin, arccos, arctg, arccotg, ln, abs (gi tr tuyt i),
sqrt (cn bc hai).
Chng hn v th hm s y = 2x
2
- 4x + 1 ta phi g 2*x^2 - 4*x + 1
V d cc hm s khc:
- x + 1/x
- (x-2) * (x-1) * x * (x+1) * (x+2)
- sin(pi*x) / x
- e^(2/x)
V d 5:
v th y = ax
2
+ bx + c, ta phi gn gi tr cho cc h s, nn chn h s a c c gi tr
m v dng hc sinh c th quan st c khi a<0 th quay b lm xung di, a > 0 quay
b lm ln trn, a = 0 th l ng thng.
Trong bng nhp liu th, chn th hm s y = f(x)
Nhp hm s a*x^2 + b*x + c
Nhp gi tr a = -1 1; b = -1 2; c = 0 2.
Sau khi nhp hm s v cc tham s nh trn, nhn nt "ng ", chng trnh s v mt
th Parabol c b lm quay xung di, nhn vo nt Play , th s bin i thnh ng
thng ri thnh ng Parabol c b lm quay ln trn:
V d 6:
th ca hm ph thuc tham s:

+ =
+ =
t) * cos(a t) * sin(b y
t) * cos(b t) * sin(a x
(t = 02t)
Vi tham s b = 1, cn tham s a chy t 0 4, ta s c mt th bin i t ng trn,
on thng, hoa 3 cnh, hoa 4 cnh v cui cng l hoa 5 cnh nh hnh di y.

Cc th ca cc hm ph thuc tham s thng c hnh dng rt p, l mt. Bn hon
ton c th t pht minh ra rt nhiu dng th hp dn bng cch th cc hm s khc. V d
th

=
+ =
t) * cos(a * t) * sin(b y
t) * cos(b t) * sin(a x
(t = 02t)
vi cc tham s b = 1, a = 4, th s c hnh dng mt bng hoa sen trng rt p.

58
1.5. Cc chc nng khc x l mc d liu
Sau khi to xong mt mc d liu, nu mun sa li th vo menu Ni dungSa i thng
tin, hoc nhn F6, hoc click p vo mc cn sa u c. Nu mun xa mc, ta chn mc ri
vo Ni dungXa mc hoc nhn phm Delete.
Sau khi to xong mt hoc mt s mc, c th phng to bi ging ra ton mn hnh
xem cho r bng cch nhn phm F9 (hoc vo menu Hin thXem ton b). Sau nhn tip F9
hoc nt Close trn bi ging thu nh tr li. Khi bi ging ang phng to ton mn hnh, ngi
dng vn c th gi c cc chc nng khc ca phn mm bng cc phm tt.
1.6. Chc nng chn trang ba
1.6.1. Trang ba
V ni dung thng tin, trang ba ca l trang gii thiu bi ging (cha tiu bi ging,
tn gio vin ging dy, tn ngi son bi ging,...). V hnh thc, y l mn hnh khng c
giao din ngoi (ni dung phng to ton mn hnh). Khi mi bt u tit hc, phn mm bi ging
ch hin trang ba. Khi gio vin bt u dy bng phn mm th ch cn click chut, lc y ni
dung bi ging mi hin ra.

1.6.2. Cch to trang ba:
Vo menu Hin thChn trang ba, sau chn 1 trong 2 loi trang ba l d liu hnh
nh v d liu vn bn nhiu nh dng.
V d: to ra mt trang ba nh hnh trn ta lm nh sau:
- Chn loi mn hnh hin th l d liu hnh nh,... nhn nt Next (tip tc) vo tip mn
hnh son trang ba.
- Nhn nt Thm nh a bc nh nn vo, click vo nh, click tip nt hin bng
thuc tnh ca nh, v iu chnh sng ln cao cho tm nh trng m i (vi mc
ch lm ni r ch ln).
- Sau Thm ch v thay i v tr, nh dng v cc thuc tnh ca ch c mn
hnh trang ba nh trn.
- Nhn ng .
i vi cc trang ba khng c nh, ta nn dng loi mn hnh Vn bn nhiu nh dng
th d cn chnh v thay i thuc tnh ch hn.

59
1.7. ng gi phn mm bi ging
Sau khi son tho xong v lu bi ging, ta vo mc Bi ging ng gi (phm tt F4)
chn Xut ra file chy (EXE). Chc nng ny s xut bi ging ang son tho ra thnh mt sn
phm chy c lp, c th copy vo a mm hoc a CD chy trn cc my tnh khc m
khng cn chng trnh VIOLET.
Nu ng gi dng: Xut ra dng HTML, phn mm s chy di dng giao din Web, v c
th a ln Website ca trng, Website c nhn hoc mt h thng E-learning no . Nh vy,
gio vin c th truy cp, s dng bi ging ca mnh thng qua Internet mi ni, mi lc m
khng cn mang theo a mm hay CD.

1.8. S dng Tr gip
C hai cch s dng Tr gip trong VIOLET:
1) Vo menu Tr gipTr gip sau c th ln lt c qua cc phn hoc c th tm
kim, truy cp n ng phn cn thit.
2) Khi cn tr gip phn no, hy m mn hnh ca phn ra (v d mn hnh ng gi,
mn hnh to bi tp trc nghim, ch,) ri nhn phm F1, phn tr gip s c m ra vi ni
dung tng ng vi mn hnh hin hnh.
2. Ph lc: S dng video trong VIOLET
2.1. S cn thit ca vic s dng Video trong to bi ging
Trong xu hng to bi ging in t hin nay, vic s dng cc on phim (video) ang
ngy cng tr nn ph bin v:
- Video l t liu bi ging c hiu qu hn nhiu so vi mt bc nh tnh v n phn nh
trung thc cc i tng thc t, to c s chc chn v khch quan ca t liu i vi
ngi hc, mt khc li lm cho bi ging thm sinh ng, hp dn.
- Bng t, a CD t liu c th d dng tm kim cc hng phim, cc i l pht hnh
bng a hoc cc nh quay phim t do.
- Cc thit b quay phim cng bt u ph dng vi nhng my quay phim c nh, my nh
s, my in thoi di ng, my vi tnh b ti,... m bt k gio vin no cng c th thc
hin vic i quay cc on phim t liu cho bi ging bng cc thit b ca mnh, ca nh
trng hoc i thu, i mn.
Tuy nhin, khng phi cng c to bi ging no cng cho php s dng video d dng. V
d: MS Powerpoint, l cng c c cho php nhp m thanh v video, tuy nhin ngi dng khng
th iu chnh cc thng s ca video, hoc cng khng th iu chnh c qu trnh trnh chiu
ca video khi n ang thc hin.

60
2.2. S dng video trong VIOLET
VIOLET cho php nhp v hin th cc d video, ngoi ra cn cho php chnh sa c
nhiu thuc tnh khc na. Tuy nhin, v c pht trin trn nn Macromedia nn nhp video
vo VIOLET, ta ch c th s dng nh dng phim Flash Video (*.FLV)
(
1
)
. i vi cc nh dng
khc nh AVI, MPEG, WMV,... th phi s dng cng c chuyn i sang FLV l Flash Video
Exporter 1.2
(
2
)
.
Flash Video Exporter c s dng thng qua mt phn mm x l phim c h tr
QuickTime (mt nh dng phim chun ca my tnh). y, chng ti s dng QuickTime
Player 6.52. B ci ca hai phn mm Flash Video Exporter 1.2 v QuickTime Player 6.52 u
c copy km theo a CD VIOLET 1.0.
2.2.1. Ci t cng c QuickTime Player v Flash Video Exporter
Chy file QuickTimeFullInstaller.exe trn a CD. Nu khng c a CD, c th download file ny
ti a ch: http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/standalone/
Chy file Flash_Video_Exporter.exe trn a CD. Nu khng c a CD, hy download file ti a
ch di y, ri gii nn th s c file Flash_Video_Exporter.exe.
http://download.macromedia.com/pub/flash/updates/mx2004/video_update/flash_video_update.zip
Cc qu trnh ci t, ch cn nhn nt Next (tip tc) v Yes (c), cho n khi nhn nt Finish (kt
thc) l xong.
2.2.2. Cch s dng
Chy QuickTime Player 6.52, vo mc File Open Movie... v m mt file video.
Sau khi m xong, vo mc File Export...
Trong hp chn Export (th 2 t di ln) chn Movie to Macromedia Flash Video (FLV).
Nhn nt Option (cc la chn) bn cnh, bng nhp liu sau s hin ra:

Bn nn chn cc tham s nh trn hnh v c cht lng phim cao (trong trng hp
lu bi ging trn a cng hoc a CD). Cn i vi cc bi ging a ln Web th ta phi thay

1 V nh dng Flash Video, bn c th tham kho mt bi bo in t ti a ch sau: http://www.vnn.vn/cntt/ thegioiso/2004/08/228507/, hoc phn
gii thiu bng ting Anh ca hng Macromedia v FLV v cc k thut lin quan ti a ch:
http://www.macromedia.com/devnet/mx/flash/video.html#exporter.
2 Theo gii thiu ca hng Macromedia (hng sn xut Macromedia Flash) th ngoi Flash Video Exporter 1.2, cn c th dng Sorenson Speeze 4.0
chuyn i cc nh dng file phim khc nhau v nh dng FLV. Tuy nhin, theo khuyn ngh ca chng ti th nn dng cng c th nht Flash
Video Exporter v n l cng c chun ca chnh hng Macromedia nn cht lng c th m bo 100%.


61
i cc tham s (nht cc l tham s Quality v Limit data rate) lm gim kch thc ca file
phim xung. Bn ch cn iu chnh 1 trong 2 thuc tnh Quality v Limit data rate l c v
chng lin quan n nhau.
- Quality (cht lng): C 3 mc High (cao), Medium (trung bnh) v Low (thp). ng vi
mi mc Quality s c mt gi tr Limit data rate nht nh. Nu bi ging ca bn khng
a ln Web th c yn tm chn Quality l mc High.
- Limit data rate (gii hn t l d liu): l s lng d liu (tnh bng kbyte hoc kbit) dnh
cho 1 giy phim. Nu mc Quality l High vn cha lm bn tha mn v cht lng phim
th bn s phi t thit lp Limit data rate. Theo kinh nghim ca chng ti th nn chn
gi tr cho thuc tnh ny l khong gp 1,5 2 ln gi tr ca chnh n khi ta chn mc
Quality l High. Nu chn thp th cht lng hnh nh km, nu chn cao qu th file
xut ra ln khng cn thit.
Sau khi chn cc tham s ca Flash Video trong hp Option, nhn OK tr v mn hnh
Export, nhn Save bt u chuyn file video sang nh dng FLV. Lu l qu trnh chuyn ny
kh lu, vi nhng file video ln c th mt ti vi gi.
2.3. Mt s ch khc
2.3.1. Chuyn i sang FLV bng cng c Macromedia Flash
Nu my tnh ci Macromedia FlashMX th c th thc hin vic chuyn i cc file
video sang dng FLV bng chng trnh ny. Cc thao tc chuyn i nh sau:
Vo menu File New
Vo menu File Import... v chn mt file phim (avi, mpg, mov, wmv,...). Bng sau s
hin ra, chn cc tham s nh hnh di y:

Tham s Quality c th iu chnh cho hp l gia cht lng phim v kch thc file
phim. Quality bng 90 nh trn l u tin cht lng cao, ph hp vi cc bi ging khng chy
trn Internet.
Vo menu Windows Library (hoc nhn F11) hin ca s Library.
Click phi chut ln tn on phim trong ca s Library ny, ri chn Properties. Bng
thuc tnh ca phim hin ra nh sau:

62

Nhn vo Nt Export, bng Save As s hin ra, bn hy t tn cho file FLV, chn ng
dn v cui cng nhn nt Save.
2.3.2. S dng cc nh dng FLV phin bn c trong VIOLET
Nu s dng Flash Video Exporter 1.0 hoc dng Macromedia Flash
(
3
)
m khng ci Flash
Video Exporter 1.2 th file FLV xut ra s c nh dng FLV 1.0
(
4
)
. i vi cc file FLV ny th
n khng cha thng tin v di ca on phim, v th c th s khng s dng c thanh iu
khin khi ang trnh chiu phim.
Trong trng hp ny, sau khi nhp video vo VIOLET, ngay ti mn hnh son tho, bn
phi chy ht c on phim (ch cho n khi kt thc phim v cc ch s thi gian dng hn li),
th cc ln sau mi c th s dng c thanh iu khin.
2.4. S dng phi hp phn mm PowerPoint vi phn mm VIOLET
Nh chng ti trnh by trn, vic s dng VIOLET khng d dng v thun tin nh
Powerpoint, tuy nhin VIOLET cho php to h thng bi tp trc tuyn rt mnh, do vy c th
kt hp vic s dng hai phn mm ny nh sau.
- Bin son ni dung ch yu bng PowerPoint
- S dng phn mm VIOLET bin son phn bi tp h tr sau xut thnh tp tin
exe.
- S dng HyperLink lin kt gia PowerPoint vi h thng bi tp xy dng bng
VIOLET

Ph lc 2: Bng k hiu v cch g chun LaTex
Cc k t Hi lp
Nhp KQ
alpha
beta
chi
delta
Delta
epsilon
varepsilon
eta
gamma
Gamma
iota
kappa
lambda
Lambda
mu
nu
Cc ton t
Nhp KQ
Sqrt

rootn(a)
n
a
+ +
- -
*
**
// /
\\ \
Xx
-:
@
o+
Ox
o.
Sum
Cc k t quan h
Nhp KQ
= =
!=
< <
> >
<=
>=
-<
>-
In
!in
Sub
Sup
Sube
Supe
-=
~=

3 Nu s dng Macromedia Flash 7.2 (bn chnh thc, khng phi bn update) th nh ng FLV mc nh l 1.2 ri. V th khng cn phi ci
Flash Video Exporter 1.2 na.
4 http://www.swfx.org cung cp cng c flv-duration1.1 chuyn FLV 1.0 thnh FLV 1.1 c cha thng tin v di phim.

63
omega
Omega
phi
varphi
Phi
pi
Pi
psi
rho
sigma
Sigma
Tau
theta
vartheta
Theta
upsilon
Xi
Xi
zeta
Prod
^^
^^^
Vv
Vvv
Nn
Nnn
Uu
Uuu
~~
Prop

Cc loi du ngoc
Nhp KQ
( (
) )
[ [
] ]
{ {
} }

K t mi tn
Nhp KQ
uarr
darr
rarr
->
|->
larr
harr
rArr
lArr
hArr

Cc k hiu logic
Nhp KQ
and and
Or or
Not
=>
If if
Iff
AA
EE
_|_
TT
|-
|=


Cc hm chun
Nhp KQ
Sin Sin
Cos Cos
Tan Tan
Csc Csc
Sec Sec
Cot Cot
Sinh Sinh
Cosh Cosh
Tanh Tanh
Log Log
Ln Ln
Det Det
Dim Dim
Lim Lim
Mod Mod
Gcd Gcd
Lcm Lcm
Min Min
Max Max

Cc k hiu trn
Nhp KQ
hat x x^
bar x x
ul x x
vec x X
dot x x.
ddot x x..
Cc k hiu khc
Nhp KQ
a^n a
n

a_n a
n

a/n
n
a

int
oint
del
grad
+-
O/
oo
aleph
|...| |...|
|cdots| ||
vdots
ddots
|\ | | |
|quad| | |
diamond
square
|_
_|
|~
~|


64
PHN MM ORBITAL VIEWER
1. Gii thiu:
y l phn mm min ph minh ha cc obitan nguyn t khi bit cc s lng t: n, l,
m.., c vit bi David Manthey c kch thc rt b (590 KB), c th dowload ti Website:
http://www.orbitals.com/orb.
2. Khi ng chng trnh:
Sau khi ci t, khi ng chng trnh bng cch nhp chut chn Start>Programs>
Orbital Viewer> Orbital Vaiewer, hoc nhp p vo biu tng ca chng trnh.











Hnh 1: Khi ng chng trnh












Hnh 2: Mn hnh khi ng ca chng trnh

3. V d:
Chn Mene File>New (Ctrl+N) bt u chng trnh.


65









Hnh 3: Bt u chng trnh t File>New

Khi chng trnh s a ra hnh dng mt obitan mc nh l Obital 4f ca nguyn t
hidro (hnh 5) tng ng vi cc s lng t (theo hnh 4):











Hnh 4: Ca s thit lp thng s ban u (mc nh)














Hnh 5: Obitan 4f ca nguyn t hidro dng polygon
a chut vo obitan v r chut theo cc hng ta s nhn c hnh dng obitan cc v
tr khc nhau trong khng gian lp th (3 chiu)



66










Hnh 6: Obitan 4f ca nguyn t hidro dng polygon gc nhn khc

Hnh dng obitan lun c biu din mc nh di dng polygon. C th thay i cch
biu din ny bng cch chn Display>Render Option (hoc phm R) hoc biu tng trn
thanh cng c.













Hnh 7: Thay i mc nh biu din obitan
Khi xut hin hp thoi Rendering method










Hnh 8: Hp thoi Rendering method chn cch biu din
Ty theo yu cu biu din chn cch biu din khc nhau, v d biu din obitan bng
cc im ta chn points.








67






Hnh 9: La chn biu din obitan nguyn t bng cc im











Hnh 10: Biu din obitan nguyn t bng cc im
thay i s im trong obitan ta chn menu Display>Point Option (hoc phm P) hoc
biu tng trn thanh cng c, sau khi thay i nhn Done xc nhn.














Hnh 11: Chn s im t hp thoi











Hnh 12: Biu din obitan nguyn t bng s lng ln cc im

Mun thay cc thng s lng t, ta chn t menu Display>orbital hay biu tng trn
thanh cng c


68














Hnh 13: Thay i cc thng s cho obitan

lu li tp tin chn t Menu File>Save, chng trnh cho php lu tp tin di nhiu
dng khc nhau nh *.orb, *.bmp v c bit l dng thc t o *.vrl hay dng phim *.avi













69
PHN MM M PHNG CHUN (TITRATION)


1. Gii thiu: y l chng trnh m phng chun axit-baz n gin do 2 tc gi l Robert
J.Lancashire (Jamaica) v Andrew G. Booth (Anh) thc hin vi kch thc rt b (98KB).
2. Khi ng chng trnh:
Chng trnh khng cn ci t, khi ng chng trnh ta nhp p vo biu tng
titration:




3. Mn hnh ca chng trnh:




















Hnh 1: Mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh Titrations
4. Lm vic vi chng trnh:
Bc 1: Chn menu Titration>Reactant thit lp tham s cho qu trnh chun .












2.4.1. Hnh 2: Thit lp tham s u tin cho qu trnh chun
Bc 2: Chn chun theo yu cu:
La chn chun trong bng Titrate, ri nhn OK chp nhn
th v ng cong chun

1.
2.
th ca ng cong chun

70
VD: chun axit mnh vi baz mnh (strong acid with strong base)


















Hnh 3: La chn cht chun

Bc 3: Chn nng mol ca axit v baz (g t bn phm)


















Hnh 4: Chn nng cht chun

Bc 4: Nhp chut tri lin tc vo biu tng kha buret s thu c ng cong chun
bn phi, tuy nhin v dung dch chun khng c khuy u nn ta thu c ng cong
chun khng t yu cu









71



















Hnh 5: ng cong chun khng ph hp

khuy u dung dch chun ta nhp chut phi vo biu tng c t m my khuy t,
khi ta s thu c th v ng cong chun ph hp.

















2.4.2. Hnh 6: ng cong chun ph hp









Bc 5: Chn th nh trong thc t (Chn menu Option>show Grid)


72
















2.4.3. Hnh 7: ng cong chun trong li

Bc 6: Ly s liu x l- chn Menu Results>copy data as text sau paste vo Word ly
s liu x l, khi ta c bng s liu nh hnh 8.
















Hnh 8: Ly s liu x l kt qu













Bc 7: Copy th ca ng cong chun
Chn Menu Results>copy graph as picture sau paste vo Word

Concentration of strong acid (in burette) = 0.1M

Concentration of strong base (in beaker) = 0.1M

Burette pH
2.40 13.00
2.89 12.98
3.43 12.96
7.88 12.81

46.92 1.55
47.36 1.54
47.83 1.54
48.29 1.53

73


Hnh 9: th biu din kt qu chun



















Hnh 9: th biu din kt qu chun

a/ Lp t projector
Vic lp t my chiu s liu (data projector) ty thuc kiu my nhng c nhng
nt chung cn lu nh sau
- Khng ni vi ngun in v cng tc ngun ca my phi v tr OFF trc khi
thao tc.
- Kim tra in th li c ph hp vi in th hot ng ca my hay khng.
- Cn thn khi cm cc cp ni sao cho ng chiu khng gy ra nhng h hng
vt l m nhiu khi khng th sa cha c
b/ An ton chung khi s dng
- Nu vng cht lng vo my cn ct in ngay v chuyn n ni bo hnh
k thut vin xem xt.
- Nu khng s dng trong vi ngy, cn rt dy cm ca my chiu ra khi in.
- Khng nhn vo ng n chiu khi my ang hot ng v c th hng mt do
cng nh sng qu ln
c/ S dng mychiu th no c hnh nh tt nht (r nt v p)
- Khng nn chiu sng mnh vng t mn hnh v nh chiu s khng r nt
- Nn chiu sng va bng n m trn hoc c th s dng n chnh sng
bng cng tc chnh sng (dimmer switch)
- Khng cho php nh sng mnh pha i din vi mn nh . Nu c ca s, ca
ra vo cn ng li hoc che sng nu l ca knh
- Sn v tng ca phng chiu khng nn s dng vt liu phn chiu nh sng
(qu bng).
d/ Ch thng gi
p
H
volume
(cm)
Titration of strong base (25 cm) with
strong acid.
10 20 30 40 50
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14

74
- Khng che chc cc ch thng gi ca my
- Khi Tt my vn gi nguyn dy cm ti in qut lmmt my chiu tip tc
ht ng gii nhit. Sau khong 3-10 pht khi qut ngng mi c rt dy cm
khi ngun
e/ V tr t my
- Ty thuc loi my c ng knh vi kh nng chnh tiu c khc nhau m c th
xc nh v tr dt mn hnh trc hay sau mn chiu , t thp hay trn cao.
- Khong cch gia my chiu Sony VPL- CS1 vi mn chiu khong 2- 4m