268 BT Boiduong HSG Toan9

WWW.MATHVN.
COM
MAI TRNG MU
PHN I: BI
1. Chng minh 7 l s v t.
2. a) Chng minh : (ac + bd)2 + (ad bc)2 = (a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)
b) Chng minh bt dng thc Bunhiacpxki : (ac + bd)2 (a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)
3. Cho x + y = 2. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : S = x2 + y2.
4. a) Cho a 0, b 0. Chng minh bt ng thc Cauchy :
b) Cho a, b, c > 0. Chng minh rng :
a+b
ab .
2
bc ca ab
+ +
a+b+c
a
b
c
c) Cho a, b > 0 v 3a + 5b = 12. Tm gi tr ln nht ca tch P = ab.

5. Cho a + b = 1. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : M = a3 + b3.
6. Cho a3 + b3 = 2. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc : N = a + b.
7. Cho a, b, c l cc s dng. Chng minh : a3 + b3 + abc ab(a + b + c)
8. Tm lin h gia cc s a v b bit rng : a + b > a - b
9. a) Chng minh bt ng thc (a + 1)2 4a
b) Cho a, b, c > 0 v abc = 1. Chng minh : (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) 8
10. Chng minh cc bt ng thc :
a) (a + b)2 2(a2 + b2)
b) (a + b + c)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2)
11. Tm cc gi tr ca x sao cho :
a) | 2x 3 | = | 1 x | b) x2 4x 5
c) 2x(2x 1) 2x 1.
12. Tm cc s a, b, c, d bit rng : a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = a(b + c + d)
13. Cho biu thc M = a2 + ab + b2 3a 3b + 2001. Vi gi tr no ca a v b th M t gi tr
nh nht ? Tm gi tr nh nht .
14. Cho biu thc P = x2 + xy + y2 3(x + y) + 3. CMR gi tr nh nht ca P bng 0.
15. Chng minh rng khng c gi tr no ca x, y, z tha mn ng thc sau :
x2 + 4y2 + z2 2a + 8y 6z + 15 = 0
16. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc : A =
1
x - 4x + 9
2
17. So snh cc s thc sau (khng dng my tnh) :

a) 7 + 15 v 7
b)
c)
23 - 2 19
v
3
27
18. Hy vit mt s hu t v mt s v t ln hn
d)
17 + 5 + 1 v
3 2 v
45
2 3
2 nhng nh hn
19. Gii phng trnh : 3x 2 + 6x + 7 + 5x 2 + 10x + 21 = 5 - 2x - x 2 .

20. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = x2y vi cc iu kin x, y > 0 v 2x + xy = 4.
1
1
1
1
+
+ .... +
+ ... +
.
1.1998
2.1997
k(1998 - k + 1)
1998 - 1
1998
Hy so snh S v 2.
.
1999
22. Chng minh rng : Nu s t nhin a khng phi l s chnh phng th a l s v t.
21. Cho S =
23. Cho cc s x v y cng du. Chng minh rng :
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
x y
+ 2
y x
x 2 y2 x y
b) 2 + 2 - + 0
x y x
y
a)
x 4 y4 x 2 y2 x y
+ 4 - 2 + 2 + + 2.
4
y
x y
x y x
c)
24. Chng minh rng cc s sau l s v t :

a)
1+ 2
b) m +
3
vi m, n l cc s hu t, n 0.
n
25. C hai s v t dng no m tng l s hu t khng ?
x y
x 2 y2
26. Cho cc s x v y khc 0. Chng minh rng : 2 + 2 + 4 3 + .
y
x
y x
27. Cho cc s x, y, z dng. Chng minh rng :
x 2 y2 z2 x y z
+ +
+ + .
y2 z2 x 2 y z x
28. Chng minh rng tng ca mt s hu t vi mt s v t l mt s v t.

29. Chng minh cc bt ng thc :
a) (a + b)2 2(a2 + b2)
b) (a + b + c)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2)
c) (a1 + a2 + .. + an)2 n(a12 + a22 + .. + an2).
30. Cho a3 + b3 = 2. Chng minh rng a + b 2.
31. Chng minh rng : [ x ] + [ y ] [ x + y ] .
1
.
x - 6x + 17
x y z
33. Tm gi tr nh nht ca : A = + +
vi x, y, z > 0.
y z x
32. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc : A =
34. Tm gi tr nh nht ca : A = x2 + y2 bit x + y = 4.

35. Tm gi tr ln nht ca : A = xyz(x + y)(y + z)(z + x) vi x, y, z 0 ; x + y + z = 1.
36. Xt xem cc s a v b c th l s v t khng nu :
a
l s v t.
b
a
b) a + b v
l s hu t (a + b 0)
b
a) ab v
c) a + b, a2 v b2 l s hu t (a + b 0)
37. Cho a, b, c > 0. Chng minh : a3 + b3 + abc ab(a + b + c)
a
b
c
d
+
+
+
2
b+c c+d d+a a +b
39. Chng minh rng [ 2x ] bng 2 [ x ] hoc 2 [ x ] + 1
38. Cho a, b, c, d > 0. Chng minh :
40. Cho s nguyn dng a. Xt cc s c dng : a + 15 ; a + 30 ; a + 45 ; ; a + 15n.

Chng minh rng trong cc s , tn ti hai s m hai ch s u tin l 96.
41. Tm cc gi tr ca x cc biu thc sau c ngha :
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
A= x 2 - 3
B=
MAI TRNG MU
1
x 2 + 4x - 5
C=
D=
x - 2x - 1
E= x+
1- x2 - 3
2
+ -2x
x
G = 3x - 1 - 5x - 3 + x 2 + x + 1
42. a) Chng minh rng : | A + B | | A | + | B | . Du = xy ra khi no ?
b) Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc sau : M =
x 2 + 4x + 4 + x 2 - 6x + 9 .
4x 2 + 20x + 25 + x 2 - 8x + 16 = x 2 + 18x + 81
c) Gii phng trnh :
43. Gii phng trnh : 2x 2 - 8x - 3 x 2 - 4x - 5 = 12 .

44. Tm cc gi tr ca x cc biu thc sau c ngha :
A = x2 + x + 2
E=
B=
G=
2x + 1 + x
45. Gii phng trnh :
1
1 - 3x
C = 2 - 1 - 9x 2
x
+ x-2
x -4
D=
x 2 - 5x + 6
H = x 2 - 2x - 3 + 3 1 - x 2
x 2 - 3x
=0
x -3
46. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A =
x +x.
47. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc : B = 3 - x + x
3 +1
48. So snh : a) a = 2 + 3 v b=
b) 5 - 13 + 4 3 v
2
c) n + 2 - n + 1 v n+1 - n (n l s nguyn dng)
3 -1
49. Vi gi tr no ca x, biu thc sau t gi tr nh nht : A = 1 - 1 - 6x + 9x 2 + (3x - 1) 2 .

50. Tnh : a)
4-2 3
b)
11 + 6 2
d) A = m 2 + 8m + 16 + m 2 - 8m + 16
c)
27 - 10 2
e) B = n + 2 n - 1 + n - 2 n - 1 (n
1)
51. Rt gn biu thc : M =
8 41
45 + 4 41 + 45 - 4 41
52. Tm cc s x, y, z tha mn ng thc : (2x - y) 2 + (y - 2)2 + (x + y + z) 2 = 0

53. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : P = 25x 2 - 20x + 4 + 25x 2 - 30x + 9 .
54. Gii cc phng trnh sau :
a) x 2 - x - 2 - x - 2 = 0
d) x - x 4 - 2x 2 + 1 = 1
b) x 2 - 1 + 1 = x 2
e) x 2 + 4x + 4 + x - 4 = 0
h) x 2 - 2x + 1 + x 2 - 6x + 9 = 1
k) x + 3 - 4 x - 1 + x + 8 - 6 x - 1 = 1
c) x 2 - x + x 2 + x - 2 = 0
g) x - 2 + x - 3 = -5
i) x + 5 + 2 - x = x 2 - 25
l) 8x + 1 + 3x - 5 = 7x + 4 + 2x - 2
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
55. Cho hai s thc x v y tha mn cc iu kin : xy = 1 v x > y. CMR:
x 2 + y2
2 2.
x-y
56. Rt gn cc biu thc :
a) 13 + 30 2 + 9 + 4 2
b) m + 2 m - 1 + m - 2 m - 1
c) 2 + 3. 2 + 2 + 3 . 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 . 2 - 2 + 2 + 3
2+ 3 =
57. Chng minh rng
58. Rt gn cc biu thc :
a) C =
6+2
d) 227 - 30 2 + 123 + 22 2
6
2
+
.
2
2
6 + 3 + 2 - 6-2
6- 3+ 2
9-6 2 - 6
.
3
b) D =
59. So snh :
a)
6 + 20 v 1+ 6
b)
17 + 12 2 v
2 +1
c)
28 - 16 3 v 3 - 2
60. Cho biu thc : A = x - x 2 - 4x + 4

a) Tm tp xc nh ca biu thc A.
b) Rt gn biu thc A.
61. Rt gn cc biu thc sau : a)
c)
11 - 2 10
b)
9 - 2 14
3 + 11 + 6 2 - 5 + 2 6
2 + 6 + 2 5 - 7 + 2 10
62. Cho a + b + c = 0 ; a, b, c 0. Chng minh ng thc :

63. Gii bt phng trnh :
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ 2+ 2 = + +
2
a
b
c
a b c
x 2 - 16x + 60 < x - 6 .
64. Tm x sao cho : x 2 - 3 + 3 x 2 .

65. Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca A = x2 + y2 , bit rng :
x2(x2 + 2y2 3) + (y2 2)2 = 1 (1)
66. Tm x biu thc c ngha:
a) A =
1
x - 2x - 1
67. Cho biu thc : A =
16 - x 2
b) B =
+ x 2 - 8x + 8 .
2x + 1
x + x 2 - 2x
x - x - 2x
2
x - x 2 - 2x
x + x - 2x
2
a) Tm gi tr ca x biu thc A c ngha.

b) Rt gn biu thc A. c) Tm gi tr ca x A < 2.
68. Tm 20 ch s thp phn u tin ca s : 0,9999....9 (20 ch s 9)
69. Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca : A = | x - 2 | + | y 1 | vi | x | + | y | = 5
70. Tm gi tr nh nht ca A = x4 + y4 + z4 bit rng xy + yz + zx = 1
71. Trong hai s : n + n + 2 v 2 n+1 (n l s nguyn dng), s no ln hn ?
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
72. Cho biu thc A = 7 + 4 3 + 7 - 4 3 . Tnh gi tr ca A theo hai cch.

73. Tnh : ( 2 + 3 + 5)( 2 + 3 - 5)( 2 - 3 + 5)(- 2 + 3 + 5)
74. Chng minh cc s sau l s v t :
3+ 5 ;
3- 2 ; 2 2 +3
75. Hy so snh hai s : a = 3 3 - 3 v b=2 2 - 1 ;

76. So snh
2 + 5 v
5 +1
2
4 + 7 - 4 - 7 - 2 v s 0.
2+ 3+ 6+ 8+4
.
2+ 3+ 4
77. Rt gn biu thc : Q =
78. Cho P = 14 + 40 + 56 + 140 . Hy biu din P di dng tng ca 3 cn thc bc hai

79. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc x2 + y2 bit rng : x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 = 1 .
80. Tm gi tr nh nht v ln nht ca : A = 1 - x + 1 + x .
81. Tm gi tr ln nht ca : M =
a+ b
vi a, b > 0 v a + b 1.
82. CMR trong cc s 2b + c - 2 ad ; 2c + d - 2 ab ; 2d + a - 2 bc ; 2a + b - 2 cd c t

nht hai s dng (a, b, c, d > 0).
83. Rt gn biu thc : N = 4 6 + 8 3 + 4 2 + 18 .
84. Cho x + y + z = xy + yz + zx , trong x, y, z > 0. Chng minh x = y = z.
85. Cho a1, a2, , an > 0 v a1a2an = 1. Chng minh: (1 + a1)(1 + a2)(1 + an) 2n.
86. Chng minh :
a+ b
2 2(a + b) ab
(a, b 0).
87. Chng minh rng nu cc on thng c di a, b, c lp c thnh mt tam gic th cc

on thng c di a , b , c cng lp c thnh mt tam gic.
(x + 2) 2 - 8x
.
2
xx
2
a +2
89. Chng minh rng vi mi s thc a, ta u c :
2 . Khi no c ng thc ?
2
a +1
88. Rt gn : a) A =
ab - b 2
a
b
b
b) B =
90. Tnh : A = 3 + 5 + 3 - 5 bng hai cch.

91. So snh : a)
92. Tnh : P =
3 7 +5 2
v 6,9
b)
5
2+ 3
2- 3
+
.
2 + 2+ 3
2 - 2- 3
13 - 12 v
7- 6
x + 2 + 3 2x - 5 + x - 2 - 2x - 5 = 2 2 .
1.3.5...(2n - 1)
1
94. Chng minh rng ta lun c : Pn =
<
; "n Z+
2.4.6...2n
2n + 1
93. Gii phng trnh :
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a2
b2
a+ b
+
.
b
a
95. Chng minh rng nu a, b > 0 th

96. Rt gn biu thc :
A=
x - 4(x - 1) + x + 4(x - 1)
1
.1 .
x -1
x 2 - 4(x - 1)
a b +b a
1
:
= a - b (a, b > 0 ; a b)
ab
a- b
14 - 7
a + a a - a
15 - 5
1
b)
+
= -2
c) 1 +
:
1 = 1 - a (a >
1- 3 7 - 5
a + 1
a -1
1- 2
97. Chng minh cc ng thc sau : a)
0).
5 - 3 - 29 - 6 20
98. Tnh : a)
c)
; b) 2 3 + 5 - 13 + 48 .
28 - 16 3 . 7 + 48 .
99. So snh : a) 3 + 5 v 15
b) 2 + 15 v 12 + 7
16
c) 18 + 19 v 9
d)
v 5. 25
2
7 + 48 -
100. Cho hng ng thc :
a b =
a + a2 - b
a - a2 - b
(a, b > 0 v a2 b > 0).

2
2
p dng kt qu rt gn :
a)
c)
2+ 3
2 + 2+ 3
2- 3
2 - 2- 3
; b)
3- 2 2
17 - 12 2
3+ 2 2
17 + 12 2
2 10 + 30 - 2 2 - 6
2
:
2 10 - 2 2
3 -1
101. Xc nh gi tr cc biu thc sau :
a) A =
b) B =
xy - x 2 - 1. y 2 - 1
xy + x 2 - 1. y 2 - 1
a + bx + a - bx
a + bx - a - bx
vi x =
vi x =
1
1
a + , y =
2
a
1
1
b + (a > 1 ; b > 1)
2
b
2am
, m < 1.
b (1 + m 2 )
2x - x 2 - 1
102. Cho biu thc P(x) =
3x 2 - 4x + 1
a) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca x P(x) xc nh. Rt gn P(x).
b) Chng minh rng nu x > 1 th P(x).P(- x) < 0.
103. Cho biu thc A =
x+2-4 x -2 + x +2+4 x -2
.
4 4
- +1
x2 x
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a) Rt gn biu thc A.
b) Tm cc s nguyn x biu thc A l mt s nguyn.
104. Tm gi tr ln nht (nu c) hoc gi tr nh nht (nu c) ca cc biu thc sau:
a) 9 - x 2
e) 1 - 2 1 - 3x
b) x - x (x > 0)
c) 1 + 2 - x
g) 2x 2 - 2x + 5
105. Rt gn biu thc : A =
h) 1 - - x 2 + 2x + 5
x + 2x - 1 - x - 2x - 1 , bng ba cch ?
5 3 + 5 48 - 10 7 + 4 3
106. Rt gn cc biu thc sau : a)
b)
4 + 10 + 2 5 + 4 - 10 + 2 5
c)
107. Chng minh cc hng ng thc vi b 0 ; a
a)
a + b a - b = 2 a a2 - b
b)
a + a2 - b
a - a2 - b
a b =
2
2
108. Rt gn biu thc : A =

109. Tm x v y sao cho :
d) x - 5 - 4
1
i)
2x - x + 3
94 - 42 5 - 94 + 42 5 .
x + 2 2x - 4 + x - 2 2x - 4
x+y-2 = x + y - 2
110. Chng minh bt ng thc :
a 2 + b2 + c2 + d 2
(a + c)
+ (b + d) .
2
a2
b2
c2
a+b+c
111. Cho a, b, c > 0. Chng minh :
+
+
.
b+c c+a a +b
2
112. Cho a, b, c > 0 ; a + b + c = 1. Chng minh :
a)
a + 1 + b + 1 + c + 1 < 3,5
113. CM :
(a
+ c 2 )( b 2 + c2 ) +
b)
(a
a +b + b+c + c+a 6 .
+ d 2 )( b 2 + d 2 ) (a + b)(c + d) vi a, b, c, d > 0.
114. Tm gi tr nh nht ca : A = x + x .
115. Tm gi tr nh nht ca : A =
(x + a)(x + b)
.
x
116. Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca A = 2x + 3y bit 2x2 + 3y2 5.

117. Tm gi tr ln nht ca A = x + 2 - x .
118. Gii phng trnh :
x - 1 - 5x - 1 = 3x - 2
x + 2 x -1 + x - 2 x -1 = 2
120. Gii phng trnh : 3x 2 + 21x + 18 + 2 x 2 + 7x + 7 = 2
3x 2 + 6x + 7 + 5x 2 + 10x + 14 = 4 - 2x - x 2
122. Chng minh cc s sau l s v t : 3 - 2
;
2 2+ 3
123. Chng minh x - 2 + 4 - x 2 .

124. Chng minh bt ng thc sau bng phng php hnh hc :
a 2 + b 2 . b 2 + c 2 b(a + c)
vi a, b, c > 0.
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
125. Chng minh (a + b)(c + d) ac + bd vi a, b, c, d > 0.

126. Chng minh rng nu cc on thng c di a, b, c lp c thnh mt tam gic th cc
on thng c di a , b , c cng lp c thnh mt tam gic.
(a + b)2 a + b
127. Chng minh
+
a b + b a vi a, b 0.
2
4
a
b
c
128. Chng minh
+
+
> 2 vi a, b, c > 0.
b+c
a+c
a+b
129. Cho x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 = 1 . Chng minh rng x2 + y2 = 1.
130. Tm gi tr nh nht ca A =
x - 2 x -1 + x + 2 x -1
131. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca A = 1 - x + 1 + x .

x 2 + 1 + x 2 - 2x + 5
133. Tm gi tr nh nht ca A = - x 2 + 4x + 12 - - x 2 + 2x + 3 .
134. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca : a) A = 2x + 5 - x 2
b) A = x 99 + 101 - x 2
135. Tm GTNN ca A = x + y bit x, y > 0 tha mn
a b
+ = 1 (a v b l hng s dng).
x y
136. Tm GTNN ca A = (x + y)(x + z) vi x, y, z > 0 , xyz(x + y + z) = 1.
xy yz zx
+ +
vi x, y, z > 0 , x + y + z = 1.
z
x
y
x2
y2
z2
138. Tm GTNN ca A =
+
+
bit x, y, z > 0 , xy + yz + zx = 1 .
x+y y+z z+x
137. Tm GTNN ca A =
139. Tm gi tr ln nht ca : a) A =
b) B =
a+ b
) (
4
a+ c
) (
4
a+ b
a+ d
vi a, b > 0 , a + b 1
) (
4
b+ c
) (
4
b+ d
) (
4
c+ d
vi a, b, c, d > 0 v a + b + c + d = 1.
140. Tm gi tr nh nht ca A = 3x + 3y vi x + y = 4.
b
c
+
vi b + c a + d ; b, c > 0 ; a, d 0.
c+d a+b
141. Tm GTNN ca A =
a) x 2 - 5x - 2 3x + 12 = 0
d) x - 1 - x + 1 = 2
b) x 2 - 4x = 8 x - 1
e) x - 2 x - 1 - x - 1 = 1
h) x + 2 - 4 x - 2 + x + 7 - 6 x - 2 = 1
k) 1 - x 2 - x = x - 1
m) x 2 + 6 = x - 2 x 2 - 1
o) x - 1 + x + 3 + 2
c) 4x + 1 - 3x + 4 = 1
g) x + 2x - 1 + x - 2x - 1 = 2
i) x + x + 1 - x = 1
l) 2x 2 + 8x + 6 + x 2 - 1 = 2x + 2
n) x + 1 + x + 10 = x + 2 + x + 5
( x - 1) ( x 2 - 3x + 5) = 4 - 2x
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
p) 2x + 3 + x + 2 + 2x + 2 - x + 2 = 1 + 2 x + 2 .
q) 2x 2 - 9x + 4 + 3 2x - 1 = 2x 2 + 21x - 11
143. Rt gn biu thc : A = 2 2 - 5 + 3 2
)(
144. Chng minh rng, "n Z+ , ta lun c : 1 +

145. Trc cn thc mu : a)
1
1+ 2 + 5
18 - 20 + 2 2 .
1
1
1
+
+ .... +
> 2 n +1 -1 .
2
3
n
1
b)
.
x + x +1
146. Tnh :
5 - 3 - 29 - 6 20
a)
147. Cho a = 3 - 5 . 3 + 5
148. Cho b =
a)
c)
3- 2 2
17 - 12 2
b) 6 + 2 5 - 13 + 48
)(
17 + 12 2
(5 - x )
5 - x + ( x - 3) x - 3
5- x + x -3
b)
=2
5 - 3 - 29 - 12 5
10 - 2 . Chng minh rng a l s t nhin.
3+ 2 2
3 -1 x - x + 4 - 3 = 0
c)
. b c phi l s t nhin khng ?
3 -1 x = 2
3 +1 x - 3 3
d) x + x - 5 = 5
150. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc :
M = 12 5 - 29 + 25 + 4 21 - 12 5 + 29 - 25 - 4 21
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ... +
.
1+ 2
2+ 3
3+ 4
n -1 + n
1
1
1
1
152. Cho biu thc : P =
+
- ... +
2- 3
3- 4
4- 5
2n - 2n + 1
151. Rt gn : A =
a) Rt gn P.
b) P c phi l s hu t khng ?
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ... +
.
2 1 +1 2 3 2 + 2 3 4 3 + 3 4
100 99 + 99 100
1
1
1
154. Chng minh : 1 +
+
+ ... +
> n.
2
3
n
155. Cho a = 17 - 1 . Hy tnh gi tr ca biu thc: A = (a5 + 2a4 17a3 a2 + 18a 17)2000.
156. Chng minh : a - a - 1 < a - 2 - a - 3 (a 3)
1
157. Chng minh : x 2 - x + > 0 (x 0)
2
158. Tm gi tr ln nht ca S = x - 1 + y - 2 , bit x + y = 4.
153. Tnh : A =
159. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau vi a =
3
1 + 2a
1 - 2a
: A=
+
.
4
1 + 1 + 2a 1 - 1 - 2a
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
160. Chng minh cc ng thc sau :
)( 10 - 6 ) 4 - 15 = 2
5 ( 3 + 5 )( 10 - 2 ) = 8 d)
a) 4 + 15
c) 3 -
b) 4 2 + 2 6 =
7 + 48 =
2
2
3 +1
3 + 1 e) 17 - 4 9 + 4 5 = 5 - 2
161. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau :
5+ 5 5- 5
+
- 10 < 0
5- 5 5+ 5
5 +1
5 - 1
1
c)
+
+ 2 0, 2 - 1,01 > 0
3 - 4
3
1 + 5 + 3 1 + 3 - 5
2 + 3 -1
2- 3
3
3 1
d)
+
+
+ 3- 2 > 0
2+ 6
2 6 2- 6 2+ 6
2
27 + 6 > 48
a)
2+2
e)
h)
3+
b)
2 -1 +
5+
2 -2
7 -
2 - 1 > 1,9
3+ 5+ 7 <3
g)
i)
17 + 12 2 - 2 > 3 - 1
2 + 2 + 3 2- 2
< 0,8
4
1
< 2 n - 2 n - 1 . T suy ra:
n
1
1
1
2004 < 1 +
+
+ ... +
< 2005
2
3
1006009
2+ 3+ 4
3
163. Trc cn thc mu : a)
b)
.
2+ 3+ 6+ 8+4
2+ 3 2 + 3 4
3+ 2
3- 2
164. Cho x =
v y=
. Tnh A = 5x2 + 6xy + 5y2.
3- 2
3+ 2
2002
2003
165. Chng minh bt ng thc sau :
+
> 2002 + 2003 .
2003
2002
x 2 - 3xy + y 2
166. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc : A =
vi x = 3 + 5 v y = 3 - 5 .
x+y+2
6x - 3
= 3 + 2 x - x2 .
x - 1- x
162. Chng minh rng : 2 n + 1 - 2 n <
168. Gii bt cc pt :
a) 3 3 + 5x 72
b)
1
10x - 14 1 c) 2 + 2 2 + 2x 4 .
4
169. Rt gn cc biu thc sau :
a) A = 5 - 3 - 29 - 12 5
c) C =
10
x + 3 + 2 x2 - 9
2x - 6 + x 2 - 9
b) B = 1 - a + a(a - 1) + a
d) D =
a -1
a
x 2 + 5x + 6 + x 9 - x 2
3x - x 2 + (x + 2) 9 - x 2
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
1
1
1
1
+
- ... 1- 2
2- 3
3- 4
24 - 25
1
170. Tm GTNN v GTLN ca biu thc A =
.
2 - 3 - x2
2
1
+
vi 0 < x < 1.
1- x x
172. Tm GTLN ca : a) A = x - 1 + y - 2 bit x + y = 4 ;
E=
b) B =
y-2
x -1
+
x
y
173. Cho a = 1997 - 1996 ; b = 1998 - 1997 . So snh a vi b, s no ln hn ?

174. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca :
a) A =
1
5+2 6-x
175. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
176. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
177. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca
178. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca
b) B = - x 2 + 2x + 4 .
A = x 1- x2 .
A = | x y | bit x2 + 4y2 = 1.
A = x3 + y3 bit x, y 0 ; x2 + y2 = 1.
A = x x + y y bit
x + y = 1.
1 - x + x 2 - 3x + 2 + (x - 2)
x -1
= 3.
x-2
180. Gii phng trnh : x 2 + 2x - 9 = 6 + 4x + 2x 2 .
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ... +
< 2.
2 3 2 4 3
(n + 1) n
1
1
1
1
182. Cho A =
+
+
+ ... +
. Hy so snh A v 1,999.
1.1999
2.1998
3.1997
1999.1
183. Cho 3 s x, y v x + y l s hu t. Chng minh rng mi s x ; y u l s
181. CMR, "n Z+ , ta c :
hu t
3+ 2
- 2 6 ; b = 3 + 2 2 + 6 - 4 2 . CMR : a, b l cc s hu t.
3- 2
2+ a
a - 2 a a + a - a -1
185. Rt gn biu thc : P =
.
a
a + 2 a +1 a -1
184. Cho a =
(a >0 ; a 1)
a +1
a -1
1
+ 4 a a = 4a .
a +1
a
a -1
186. Chng minh :
187. Rt gn :
11
( x + 2)
- 8x
2
xx
(a > 0 ; a 1)
(0 < x < 2)
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
b - ab
a
b
a+b
+
:
a + b ab + b
ab - a
ab
188. Rt gn : a +
189. Gii bt phng trnh : 2 x + x + a

2
5a 2
(a 0)
x2 + a2
1 - a a
1 + a a
190. Cho A = (1 - a 2 ) :
+ a
- a + 1
1 - a
1 + a

a) Rt gn biu thc A.
b) Tnh gi tr ca A vi a = 9.
c) Vi gi tr no ca a th | A | = A.
191. Cho biu thc : B =
a + b -1
a- b
b
b
+
+
.
a + ab
2 ab a - ab a + ab
b) Tnh gi tr ca B nu a = 6 + 2 5 .
a) Rt gn biu thc B.
c) So snh B vi -1.
192. Cho A =
a+b

:
1
+
a + a+b
a-b
1
a - a-b
a) Rt gn biu thc A.
b) Tm b bit | A | = -A.
c) Tnh gi tr ca A khi a = 5 + 4 2 ; b = 2 + 6 2 .
a +1
a -1
1
+ 4 a a
a +1
a
a -1

a) Rt gn biu thc A.
b) Tm gi tr ca A nu a =
6
2+ 6
c) Tm gi tr ca a
A > A.
a
1 a - a a + a
.
2
2
a
a
+
1
a
1

a) Rt gn biu thc A.
b) Tm gi tr ca A A = - 4
1+ a
1- a
+
1+ a
1- a
195. Thc hin php tnh : A =

196. Thc hin php tnh : B =
2+ 3
2 + 2+ 3
1+ a
1- a
:
1+ a
1- a
2- 3
2 - 2- 3
x - y 1 1
1
a) A =
: + .
+
xy xy
x y x + y + 2 xy
1
1
.
+
y
x+ y x
vi x = 2 - 3 ; y = 2 + 3 .
b) B =
12
x + x 2 - y2 - x - x 2 - y2
2(x - y)
vi x > y > 0
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
c) C =
MAI TRNG MU
2a 1 + x 2
1+ x2 - x
(a
`d) D = (a + b) e) E =
vi x =
2
1 1- a
a
2 a
1- a
+ 1)( b 2 + 1)
x + 2 x -1 + x - 2 x -1
x + 2x - 1 + x - 2x - 1
x+
0<a<1
vi a, b, c > 0 v ab + bc + ca = 1
c2 + 1
198. Chng minh :
. 2x - 1
x2 - 4
+
x
x-
x2 - 4
=
x
2x + 4
x
vi x 2.
-1 + 2
-1 - 2
,b=
. Tnh a7 + b7.
2
2
200. Cho a = 2 - 1
a) Vit a2 ; a3 di dng m - m - 1 , trong m l s t nhin.
199. Cho a =
b) Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn dng n, s an vit c di dng trn.

201. Cho bit x = 2 l mt nghim ca phng trnh x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 vi cc h s
hu t. Tm cc nghim cn li.
202. Chng minh 2 n - 3 <
203. Tm phn nguyn ca s
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
< 2 n - 2 vi n N ; n 2.
2
3
n
6 + 6 + ... + 6 + 6
204. Cho a = 2 + 3. Tnh a)

205. Cho 3 s x, y,
a 2
b)
(c 100 du cn).
a 3 .
x + y l s hu t. Chng minh rng mi s
x , y u l s hu
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ... +
<2
2 3 2 4 3
(n + 1) n
1
1
1
1
207. Cho 25 s t nhin a1 , a2 , a3 , a25 tha k :
+
+
+ ... +
=9.
a1
a2
a3
a 25
206. CMR, "n 1 , n N :
Chng minh rng trong 25 s t nhin tn ti 2 s bng nhau.

208. Gii phng trnh
2+ x
2 + 2+ x
209. Gii v bin lun vi tham s a
2- x
= 2.
2 - 2- x
1+ x + 1- x
= a.
1+ x - 1- x
x (1 + y ) = 2y
210. Gii h phng trnh y (1 + z ) = 2z
z (1 + x ) = 2x
211. Chng minh rng :
13
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
(8 + 3 7 ) c 7 ch s 9 lin sau du phy.

b) S ( 7 + 4 3 ) c mi ch s 9 lin sau du phy.
7
a) S
10
n nht (n N*), v d :
1 = 1 a1 = 1 ;
2 1, 4 a 2 = 1 ;
3 1,7 a 3 = 2 ;
1 1 1
1
Tnh :
+ + + ... +
.
a1 a 2 a 3
a1980
212. K hiu an l s nguyn gn
a) a n = 2 + 2 + ... + 2 + 2
213. Tm phn nguyn ca cc s (c n du cn) :

b) a n = 4 + 4 + ... + 4 + 4
4 = 2 a4 = 2
c) a n = 1996 + 1996 + ... + 1996 + 1996
214. Tm phn nguyn ca A vi n N : A = 4n 2 + 16n 2 + 8n + 3

215. Chng minh rng khi vit s x =
3+ 2
200
di dng thp phn, ta c ch s lin
trc du phy l 1, ch s lin sau du phy l 9.

216. Tm ch s tn cng ca phn nguyn ca
3+ 2
250
217. Tnh tng A = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 24
218. Tm gi tr ln nht ca A = x (3 x) vi x 0.
219. Gii phng trnh : a) 3 x + 1 + 3 7 - x = 2
x - 2 + x +1 = 3 .
220. C tn ti cc s hu t dng a, b khng nu : a) a + b = 2 b) a + b = 4 2 .
221. Chng minh cc s sau l s v t : a) 3 5
b) 3 2 + 3 4
a+b+c 3
222. Chng minh bt ng thc Cauchy vi 3 s khng m :
abc .
3
a
b
c
d
1
223. Cho a, b, c, d > 0. Bit
+
+
+
1 . Chng minh rng : abcd .
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c 1+ d
81
2
2
2
x
y
z
x y z
224. Chng minh bt ng thc : 2 + 2 + 2 + +
vi x, y, z > 0
y
z
x
y z x
b)
225. Cho a = 3 3 + 3 3 + 3 3 - 3 3 ; b = 2 3 3 . Chng minh rng : a < b.

n
1
226. a) Chng minh vi mi s nguyn dng n, ta c : 1 + < 3 .
n
b) Chng minh rng trong cc s c dng n n (n l s t nhin), s 3 3 c gi tr ln nht
227. Tm gi tr nh nht ca A = x 2 + x + 1 + x 2 - x + 1 .
228. Tm gi tr nh nht ca A = x2(2 x) bit x 4.
229. Tm gi tr ln nht ca A = x 2 9 - x 2 .
230. Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca A = x(x2 6) bit 0 x 3.
231. Mt ming ba hnh vung c cnh 3 dm. mi gc ca hnh vung ln, ngi ta ct i
mt hnh vung nh ri gp ba c mt ci hp hnh hp ch nht khng np. Tnh cnh
hnh vung nh th tch ca hp l ln nht.
14
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a) 1 + 3 x - 16 = 3 x + 3
c)
b)
x + 1 + 3 x - 1 = 3 5x
2 - x + x -1 = 1
d) 2 3 2x - 1 = x 3 + 1
x 3 - 3x - ( x 2 - 1) x 2 - 4
h)
(x + 1) 2 + 3 (x - 1) 2 + 3 x 2 - 1 = 1
k)
1- x2 + 4 1+ x + 4 1- x = 3
7- x - 3 x -5
g) 3
= 6-x
7- x + 3 x -5
3
= 2- 3
e)
i)
l)
x +1 + 3 x + 2 + 3 x + 3 = 0
a - x + 4 b - x = 4 a + b - 2x (a, b l
tham s)
3
233. Rt gn A =
a 4 + 3 a 2 b2 + 3 b4
3
a 2 + 3 ab + 3 b 2
234. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A = x 2 - x + 1 + x 2 + x + 1

235. Xc nh cc s nguyn a, b sao cho mt trong cc nghim ca phng trnh :
3x3 + ax2 + bx + 12 = 0 l 1 + 3 .
236. Chng minh
3 l s v t.
237. Lm php tnh : a)
1 + 2 .6 3 - 2 2
b)
9 + 4 5. 3 2 - 5 .
238. Tnh : a = 3 20 + 14 2 + 3 20 - 14 2 .
7 + 5 2 + 3 7 - 2 5 = 2.
239. Chng minh :
240. Tnh : A =
7 + 48 - 4 28 - 16 3 . 4 7 + 48 .
241. Hy lp phng trnh f(x) = 0 vi h s nguyn c mt nghim l : x = 3 3 + 3 9 .
242. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc : M = x3 + 3x 14 vi x = 3 7 + 5 2 3
243. Gii cc phng trnh : a)
b)
7+5 2
x + 2 + 25 - x = 3 .
3
x - 9 = (x - 3) 2 + 6
244. Tm GTNN ca biu thc : A =
c)
x 2 + 32 - 2 4 x 2 + 32 = 3
x3 + 2 1 + x3 + 1 + x3 + 2 1 - x3 + 1 .
245. Cho cc s dng a, b, c, d. Chng minh : a + b + c + d 4 4 abcd .
8-x
246. Rt gn : P =
2- 3 x
x2
:2+
2+ 3 x
3
2 3 x 3 x2 - 4
+ x + 3
3 2
x
2
x + 2 x
Voi x > 0 , x 8
247. CMR : x = 3 5 - 17 + 3 5 + 17 l nghim ca phng trnh x3 6x 10 = 0.
248. Cho x =
3
15
4 - 15
+ 3 4 - 15 . Tnh gi tr biu thc y = x3 3x + 1987.
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a + 2 + 5.
249. Chng minh ng thc :

3
9-4 5
= - 3 a -1.
2 - 5 .3 9 + 4 5 - 3 a 2 + 3 a
3
9 + 4 5 + 3 2 + 5 . 3 5 - 2 - 2,1 < 0 .
250. Chng minh bt ng thc :

1+ 23 1
a + a b + b
4b
b
.
a) A =
3
3 2
1
3
a + 3 ab + 3 b 2
b + 2 1 - 2.
3
a 3 a - 2a 3 b + 3 a 2 b 2 3 a 2 b - 3 ab 2 1
c) C =
+ 3
. 2 .
3
3 2
3
3a
a
b
a
ab
252. Cho M =
b
b)
b +8
24
b +8
x 2 - 4a + 9 + x 2 - 4x + 8 . Tnh gi tr ca biu thc M bit rng:

x 2 - 4x + 9 - x 2 - 4x + 8 = 2 .
253. Tm gi tr nh nht ca : P = x 2 - 2ax + a 2 + x 2 - 2bx + b 2 (a < b)

254. Chng minh rng, nu a, b, c l di 3 cnh ca mt tam gic th :
abc (a + b c)(b + c a)(c + a b)
255. Tm gi tr ca biu thc | x y | bit x + y = 2 v xy = -1
256. Bit a b = 2 + 1 , b c = 2 - 1, tm gi tr ca biu thc :
A = a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca.
257. Tm x, y, z bit rng : x + y + z + 4 = 2 x - 2 + 4 y - 3 + 6 z - 5 .
258. Cho y =
s.
x + 2 x - 1 + x - 2 x - 1 . CMR, nu 1 x 2 th gi tr ca y l mt hng
259. Phn tch thnh nhn t : M = 7 x - 1 - x 3 - x 2 + x - 1
(x 1).
260. Trong tt c cc hnh ch nht c ng cho bng 8 2 , hy tm hnh ch nht c din

tch ln nht.
261. Cho tam gic vung ABC c cc cnh gc vung l a, b v cnh huyn l c. Chng minh
rng ta lun c : c
a+b
.
2
262. Cho cc s dng a, b, c, a, b, c. Chng minh rng :

Nu
aa' + bb ' + cc ' = (a + b + c)(a '+ b '+ c ') th
a b c
= =
.
a' b ' c '
263. Gii phng trnh : | x2 1 | + | x2 4 | = 3.

264. Chng minh rng gi tr ca biu thc C khng ph thuc vo x, y :
C=
x+y
x+ y
x+y 2 x y
x+y
x + y
1
( x + y)
4xy
vi x > 0 ; y > 0.
265. Chng minh gi tr biu thc D khng ph thuc vo a:
16
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
2+ a
a - 2 a a + a - a -1
D=
vi a > 0 ; a 1
a
a + 2 a +1 a -1
c - ac
1
266. Cho biu thc B = a +
.
a
c
a
+
c
a
+
c
+
ac + c
ac - a
ac
a) Rt gn biu thc B.
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc B khi c = 54 ; a = 24
c) Vi gi tr no ca a v c B > 0 ; B < 0.
267. Cho biu thc : A= m+
2mn
2mn
1
+ m1+ 2
2
2
1+n
1+ n
n
a) Rt gn biu thc A.
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca A.
268. Rt gn
vi m 0 ; n 1
b) Tm gi tr ca A vi m = 56 + 24 5 .
1
1+ x
1- x
1- x
x
D=
-1
2
x 1- x + 1- x2
1 - x 2 - 1 + x x
1+ x - 1- x
1
2 x
2 x
269. Cho P =
: 1 vi x 0 ; x 1.
x -1 x x + x - x -1 x +1
a) Rt gn biu thc P.
270. Xt biu thc y =
b) Tm x sao cho P < 0.
x + x
2x + x
+1.
x - x +1
x
2
a) Rt gn y. Tm x y = 2.
b) Gi s x > 1. Chng minh rng : y - | y | = 0
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca y ?
PHN II: HNG DN GII

m
m2
1. Gi s 7 l s hu t 7 =
(ti gin). Suy ra 7 = 2 hay 7n 2 = m 2 (1). ng thc
n
n
2
ny chng t m M 7 m 7 l s nguyn t nn m M 7. t m = 7k (k Z), ta c m2 = 49k2 (2).
T (1) v (2) suy ra 7n2 = 49k2 nn n2 = 7k2 (3). T (3) ta li c n2 M 7 v v 7 l s nguyn t
m
nn n M 7. m v n cng chia ht cho 7 nn phn s
khng ti gin, tri gi thit. Vy 7
n
khng phi l s hu t; do 7 l s v t.
2. Khai trin v tri v t nhn t chung, ta c v phi. T a) b) v (ad bc)2 0.
3. Cch 1 : T x + y = 2 ta c y = 2 x. Do : S = x2 + (2 x)2 = 2(x 1)2 + 2 2.
Vy min S = 2 x = y = 1.
17
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
Cch 2 : p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacopxki vi a = x, c = 1, b = y, d = 1, ta c :

(x + y)2 (x2 + y2)(1 + 1) 4 2(x2 + y2) = 2S S 2. mim S = 2 khi x = y = 1
4. b) p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho cc cp s dng
bc
ca bc
ab ca
ab
v
;
v
;
v
,
a
b a
c b
c
ta ln lt c:
bc ca
bc ca
bc ab
bc ab
ca ab
ca ab
+ 2
. = 2c;
+
2
. = 2b ; +
2
. = 2a cng tng
a
b
a b
a
c
a c
b
c
b c
v ta c bt ng thc cn chng minh. Du bng xy ra khi a = b = c.
3a + 5b
3a.5b .
2
12
12
(3a + 5b)2 4.15P (v P = a.b) 122 60P P
max P =
.
5
5
c) Vi cc s dng 3a v 5b , theo bt ng thc Cauchy ta c :
Du bng xy ra khi 3a = 5b = 12 : 2 a = 2 ; b = 6/5.

5. Ta c b = 1 a, do M = a3 + (1 a)3 = 3(a )2 + . Du = xy ra khi a = .
Vy min M = a = b = .
6. t a = 1 + x b3 = 2 a3 = 2 (1 + x)3 = 1 3x 3x2 x3 1 3x + 3x2 x3 = (1 x)3.
Suy ra : b 1 x. Ta li c a = 1 + x, nn : a + b 1 + x + 1 x = 2.
Vi a = 1, b = 1 th a3 + b3 = 2 v a + b = 2. Vy max N = 2 khi a = b = 1.
7. Hiu ca v tri v v phi bng (a b)2(a + b).
8. V | a + b | 0 , | a b | 0 , nn : | a + b | > | a b | a2 + 2ab + b2 a2 2ab + b2
4ab > 0 ab > 0. Vy a v b l hai s cng du.
9. a) Xt hiu : (a + 1)2 4a = a2 + 2a + 1 4a = a2 2a + 1 = (a 1)2 0.
b) Ta c : (a + 1)2 4a ; (b + 1)2 4b ; (c + 1)2 4c v cc bt ng thc ny c hai v u
dng, nn : [(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)]2 64abc = 64.1 = 82. Vy (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) 8.
10. a) Ta c : (a + b)2 + (a b)2 = 2(a2 + b2). Do (a b)2 0, nn (a + b) 2 2(a2 + b2).
b) Xt : (a + b + c)2 + (a b)2 + (a c)2 + (b c)2. Khai trin v rt gn, ta c :
3(a2 + b2 + c2). Vy : (a + b + c)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2).
2x - 3 = 1 - x
11. a) 2x - 3 = 1 - x
2x - 3 = x - 1
3x = 4
x = 2
x = 3
x = 2
b) x2 4x 5 (x 2)2 33 | x 2 | 3 -3 x 2 3 -1 x 5.
c) 2x(2x 1) 2x 1 (2x 1)2 0. Nhng (2x 1)2 0, nn ch c th : 2x 1 = 0
Vy : x = .
12. Vit ng thc cho di dng : a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ab ac ad = 0 (1). Nhn hai v ca
(1) vi 4 ri a v dng : a2 + (a 2b)2 + (a 2c)2 + (a 2d)2 = 0 (2). Do ta c :
a = a 2b = a 2c = a 2d = 0 . Suy ra : a = b = c = d = 0.
13. 2M = (a + b 2)2 + (a 1)2 + (b 1)2 + 2.1998 2.1998 M 1998.
a + b - 2 = 0
Du = xy ra khi c ng thi : a - 1 = 0
Vy min M = 1998 a = b = 1.
b - 1 = 0
14. Gii tng t bi 13.

15. a ng thc cho v dng : (x 1)2 + 4(y 1)2 + (x 3)2 + 1 = 0.
16. A =
18
1
1
1
1
=
. max A= x = 2 .
2
x - 4x + 9 ( x - 2 ) + 5 5
5
2
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
7 + 15 < 9 + 16 = 3 + 4 = 7 . Vy 7 + 15 < 7
b) 17 + 5 + 1 > 16 + 4 + 1 = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 = 49 > 45 .
23 - 2 19 23 - 2 16 23 - 2.4
c)
<
=
= 5 = 25 < 27 .
3
3
3
17. a)
d) Gi s
3 2> 2 3
) (
2
3 2
>
2 3
Bt ng thc cui cng ng, nn :

18. Cc s c th l 1,42 v
3 2 > 2 3 18 > 12 18 > 12 .
3 2 > 2 3.
2+ 3
2
19. Vit li phng trnh di dng : 3(x + 1) 2 + 4 + 5(x + 1)2 + 16 = 6 - (x + 1) 2 .

V tri ca phng trnh khng nh hn 6, cn v phi khng ln hn 6. Vy ng thc ch xy
ra khi c hai v u bng 6, suy ra x = -1.
a+b
a+b
ab
vit li di dng ab
(*) (a, b 0).
2
2
2
20. Bt ng thc Cauchy
p dng bt dng thc Cauchy di dng (*) vi hai s dng 2x v xy ta c :
2x + xy
2x.xy
=4
2
2
Du = xy ra khi : 2x = xy = 4 : 2 tc l khi x = 1, y = 2. max A = 2 x = 2, y = 2.

21. Bt ng thc Cauchy vit li di dng :
1
2
1998
>
. p dng ta c S > 2.
.
1999
ab a + b
22. Chng minh nh bi 1.
x y
x 2 + y 2 - 2xy (x - y) 2
x y
+ -2=
=
0 . Vy + 2
y x
xy
xy
y x
2
2
2
2
x
y x y x
y x y x y
b) Ta c : A = 2 + 2 - + = 2 + 2 - 2 + + + . Theo cu a :
x y x y
x y x y x
y
23. a)
x 2 y2 x y
x y
A 2 + 2 - 2 + + 2 = - 1 + - 1 0
x y x
y x
y
x 4 y4 x 2 y2
x y
c) T cu b suy ra : 4 + 4 - 2 + 2 0 . V
+ 2 (cu a). Do :
y
x
y
x
y
x
x 4 y4 x 2 y2 x y
4 + 4 - 2 + 2 + + 2.
x y
x y x
y
24. a) Gi s
1 + 2 = m (m : s hu t)
b) Gi s m +
3
= a (a : s hu t)
n
t, v l.
25. C, chng hn
19
2 = m2 1
3
=am
n
2 l s hu t (v l)
3 = n(a m)
3 l s hu
2 + (5 - 2) = 5
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
26. t
MAI TRNG MU
x y
x 2 y2
x 2 y2
+ = a 2 + 2 + 2 = a 2 . D dng chng minh 2 + 2 2 nn a2 4, do
y x
y
x
y
x
| a | 2 (1). Bt ng thc phi chng minh tng ng vi : a2 2 + 4 3a

a2 3a + 2 0 (a 1)(a 2) 0 (2)
T (1) suy ra a 2 hoc a -2. Nu a 2 th (2) ng. Nu a -2 th (2) cng ng. Bi
ton c chng minh.
27. Bt ng thc phi chng minh tng ng vi :
x 4 z 2 + y 4 x 2 + z 4 x 2 - ( x 2 z + y 2 x + z 2 y ) xyz
x 2 y2 z2
0.
Cn chng minh t khng m, tc l : x3z2(x y) + y3x2(y z) + z3y2(z x) 0. (1)

Biu thc khng i khi hon v vng x y z x nn c th gi s x l s ln nht. Xt hai
trng hp :
a) x y z > 0. Tch z x (1) thnh (x y + y z), (1) tng ng vi :
x3z2(x y) + y3x2(y z) z3y2(x y) z3y2(y z) 0
z2(x y)(x3 y2z) + y2(y z)(yx2 z3) 0
D thy x y 0 , x3 y2z 0 , y z 0 , yx2 z3 0 nn bt ng thc trn ng.
b) x z y > 0. Tch x y (1) thnh x z + z y , (1) tng ng vi :
x3z2(x z) + x3z2(z y) y3x2(z y) z3y2(x z) 0
z2(x z)(x3 zy2) + x2(xz2 y3)(z y) 0
D thy bt ng thc trn dng.
Cch khc : Bin i bt ng thc phi chng minh tng ng vi :
2
x y z x y z
- 1 + - 1 + - 1 + + + 3 .
y z x y z x
2
28. Chng minh bng phn chng. Gi s tng ca s hu t a vi s v t b l s hu t c. Ta c

: b = c a. Ta thy, hiu ca hai s hu t c v a l s hu t, nn b l s hu t, tri vi gi thit.
Vy c phi l s v t.
29. a) Ta c : (a + b)2 + (a b)2 = 2(a2 + b2) (a + b)2 2(a2 + b2).
b) Xt : (a + b + c)2 + (a b)2 + (a c)2 + (b c)2. Khai trin v rt gn ta c :
3(a2 + b2 + c2). Vy : (a + b + c)2 3(a2 + b2 + c2)
c) Tng t nh cu b
30. Gi s a + b > 2 (a + b)3 > 8 a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) > 8 2 + 3ab(a + b) > 8
ab(a + b) > 2 ab(a + b) > a3 + b3. Chia hai v cho s dng a + b : ab > a2 ab + b2
(a b)2 < 0, v l. Vy a + b 2.
31. Cch 1: Ta c : [ x ] x ; [ y] y nn [ x ] + [ y] x + y. Suy ra [ x ] + [ y] l s nguyn
khng vt qu x + y (1). Theo nh ngha phn nguyn, [ x + y ] l s nguyn ln nht khng
vt qu x + y (2). T (1) v (2) suy ra :
Cch 2 : Theo nh ngha phn nguyn :
[ x ] + [ y] [ x + y ] .
0 x - [ x ] < 1 ; 0 y - [ y] < 1.
Suy ra : 0 (x + y) ( [ x ] + [ y] ) < 2. Xt hai trng hp :

-
20
Nu 0 (x + y) ( [ x ] + [ y] ) < 1 th
[ x + y] = [ x ] + [ y] (1)
Nu 1 (x + y) ( [ x ] + [ y] ) < 2 th 0 (x + y) ( [ x ] + [ y] + 1) < 1 nn
[ x + y] = [ x ] + [ y] + 1 (2). Trong c hai trng hp ta u c : [ x ] + [ y] [ x + y]
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
32. Ta c x2 6x + 17 = (x 3)2 + 8 8 nn t v mu ca A l cc s dng , suy ra A > 0 do

: A ln nht
Vy max A =
1
nh nht x2 6x + 17 nh nht.
A
1
x = 3.
8
33. Khng c dng php hon v vng quanh x y z x v gi s x y z.

Cch 1 : p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 3 s dng x, y, z :
A=
x y z
x y z
+ + 33 . . = 3
y z x
y z x
x y z
x y z
+ + =3 = = x = y=z
y z x
y z x
x y z x y y z y
x y
Cch 2 : Ta c : + + = + + + - . Ta c + 2 (do x, y > 0) nn
y z x y x z x x
y x
x y z
y z y
chng minh + + 3 ta ch cn chng minh : + - 1 (1)
y z x
z x x
Do min
(1) xy + z2 yz xz (nhn hai v vi s dng xz)

xy + z yz xz 0 y(x z) z(x z) 0 (x z)(y z) 0 (2)
(2) ng vi gi thit rng z l s nh nht trong 3 s x, y, z, do (1) ng. T tm c gi
2
tr nh nht ca
x y z
+ + .
y z x
34. Ta c x + y = 4 x2 + 2xy + y2 = 16. Ta li c (x y)2 0 x2 2xy + y2 0. T suy

ra 2(x2 + y2) 16 x2 + y2 8. min A = 8 khi v ch khi x = y = 2.
35. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho ba s khng m :
1 = x + y + z 3. 3 xyz
(1)
2 = (x + y) + (y + z) + (z + x) 3. 3 (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)
(2)
2
Nhn tng v ca (1) vi (2) (do hai v u khng m) : 2 9. A A
9
3
1
2
max A = khi v ch khi x = y = z = .
3
9
36. a) C th. b, c) Khng th.

37. Hiu ca v tri v v phi bng (a b)2(a + b).
1
4
vi x, y > 0 :
xy (x + y) 2
a
c
a 2 + ad + bc + c 2 4(a 2 + ad + bc + c 2 )
+
=
(1)
b+c d+a
(b + c)(a + d)
(a + b + c + d) 2
b
d
4(b 2 + ab + cd + d 2 )
Tng t
+
(2)
c+d a+b
(a + b + c + d) 2
a
b
c
d
4(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + ad + bc + ab + cd)
Cng (1) vi (2)
+
+
+
= 4B
b+c c+d d+a a +b
(a + b + c + d)2
38. p dng bt ng thc
21
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
Cn chng minh B
MAI TRNG MU
1
, bt ng thc ny tng ng vi :
2
2B 1 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ad + bc + ab + cd) (a + b + c + d)2

a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 2ac 2bd 0 (a c)2 + (b d)2 0 : ng.
39. - Nu 0 x - [ x ] < th 0 2x - 2 [ x ] < 1 nn [ 2x ] = 2 [ x ] .
- Nu x - [ x ] < 1 th 1 2x - 2 [ x ] < 2 0 2x (2 [ x ] + 1) < 1 [ 2x ] = 2 [ x ] + 1

40. Ta s chng minh tn ti cc s t nhin m, p sao cho :
96 000...00
1
424
3 a + 15p < 97000...00
1
424
3
m ch so 0
m ch so 0
a
15p
+ m < 97 (1). Gi a + 15 l s c k ch s : 10k 1 a + 15 < 10k
m
10
10
1
a
15
a 15p
15
k + k < 1 (2). t x n = k + k . Theo (2) ta c x1 < 1 v k < 1.

10 10 10
10 10
10
Tc l 96
Cho n nhn ln lt cc gi tr 2, 3, 4, , cc gi tr ca xn tng dn, mi ln tng khng qu 1

n v, khi [ x n ] s tri qua cc gi tr 1, 2, 3, n mt lc no ta c x p = 96. Khi
96 xp < 97 tc l 96
a 15p
+
< 97. Bt ng thc (1) c chng minh.
10 k 10 k
42. a) Do hai v ca bt ng thc khng m nn ta c :

| A + B | | A | + | B | | A + B |2 ( | A | + | B | )2
A2 + B2 + 2AB A2 + B2 + 2| AB | AB | AB | (bt ng thc ng)

Du = xy ra khi AB 0.
b) Ta c : M = | x + 2 | + | x 3 | = | x + 2 | + | 3 x | | x + 2 + 3 x | = 5.
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi (x + 2)(3 x) 0 -2 x 3 (lp bng xt du)
Vy min M = 5 -2 x 3.
c) Phng trnh cho | 2x + 5 | + | x 4 | = | x + 9 | = | 2x + 5 + 4 x |
(2x + 5)(4 x) 0 -5/2 x 4
x -1
43. iu kin tn ti ca phng trnh : x2 4x 5 0

x 5
t n ph x 2 - 4x - 5 = y 0 , ta c : 2y2 3y 2 = 0 (y 2)(2y + 1) = 0.
45. V nghim
46. iu kin tn ti ca x l x 0. Do : A = x + x 0 min A = 0 x = 0.
3 - x = y 0, ta c : y2 = 3 x x = 3 y2.
13
13
13
11
B = 3 y2 + y = - (y )2 +
. max B =
y= x=
.
4
4
4
4
47. iu kin : x 3. t
48. a) Xt a2 v b2. T suy ra a = b.

b)
5 - 13 + 4 3 = 5 - (2 3 + 1) = 4 - 2 3 = 3 - 1 . Vy hai s ny bng nhau.
c) Ta c :
n + 2 - n +1
)(
n + 2 + n + 1 = 1 v
n+1 - n
)(
n + 1 + n = 1.
M n + 2 + n + 1 > n + 1 + n nn n+2 - n + 1 < n + 1 - n .

49. A = 1 - | 1 3x | + | 3x 1 |2 = ( | 3x 1| - )2 + .
T suy ra : min A = x = hoc x = 1/6
51. M = 4
22
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
52. x = 1 ; y = 2 ; z = -3.
53. P = | 5x 2 | + | 3 5x | | 5x 2 + 3 5x | = 1. min P = 1
2
3
x .
5
5
54. Cn nh cch gii mt s phng trnh dng sau :
A 0 (B 0)
a) A = B
A = B
B 0
d) A = B A = B
A = -B
b)
B 0
A = B
2
A = B
A = 0
c) A + B = 0
B = 0
A = 0
e) A + B = 0
.
B = 0
A = B.
b) a phng trnh v dng : A = B .
c) Phng trnh c dng : A + B = 0 .
d) a phng trnh v dng : A = B .
a) a phng trnh v dng :
e) a phng trnh v dng : | A | + | B | = 0

g, h, i) Phng trnh v nghim.
k) t x - 1 = y 0, a phng trnh v dng : | y 2 | + | y 3 | = 1 . Xt du v tri.
l) t :
8x + 1 = u 0 ; 3x - 5 = v 0 ; 7x + 4 = z 0 ; 2x - 2 = t 0 .
u + v = z + t
Ta c h :
2
2
2
2
u - v = z - t
8x + 1 = 7x + 4 x = 3 .
. T suy ra : u = z tc l :
55. Cch 1 : Xt
x 2 + y 2 - 2 2(x - y) = x 2 + y 2 - 2 2(x - y) + 2 - 2xy = (x - y - 2)2 0 .

x 2 + y2 )
(
x 2 + y2
Cch 2 : Bin i tng ng
2 2
8 (x2 + y2)2 8(x y)2 0
2
x-y
( x - y)
2
(x2 + y2)2 8(x2 + y2 2) 0 (x2 + y2)2 8(x2 + y2) + 16 0 (x2 + y2 4)2 0.

Cch 3 : S dng bt ng thc Cauchy :
x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 - 2xy + 2xy (x - y) 2 + 2.1

2
1
=
=
= (x - y) +
2 (x - y).
x-y
x-y
x-y
x-y
x-y
(x >
y).
6+ 2
6- 2
- 6+ 2
- 6- 2
;y=
hoc x =
;y=
2
2
2
2
2
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 2(c + b + a
1 1 1
1
62. + + = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
+ + = 2 + 2 + 2 +
=
a
b c
b
c
abc
a b c
ab bc ca a
1 1 1
= 2 + 2 + 2 . Suy ra iu phi chng minh.
a
b
c
x 6
x 2 - 16x + 60 0
(x - 6)(x - 10) 0
63. iu kin :
x 10 x 10 .
x 6
x - 6 0
x 6
Du ng thc xy ra khi x =
23
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
Bnh phng hai v : x2 16x + 60 < x2 12x + 36 x > 6.

Nghim ca bt phng trnh cho : x 10.
x 2 - 3 x2 3 (1)
64. iu kin x2 3. Chuyn v :

t tha chung :
x - 3 .(1 -
x2 - 3 = 0
x -3) 0
1 - x 2 - 3 0
2
x = 3
x 2
x -2
Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh : x = 3 ; x 2 ; x -2.

65. Ta c x2(x2 + 2y2 3) + (y2 2)2 = 1 (x2 + y2)2 4(x2 + y2) + 3 = - x2 0.
Do : A2 4A + 3 0 (A 1)(A 3) 0 1 A 3.
min A = 1 x = 0, khi y = 1. max A = 3 x = 0, khi y = 3 .
66. a) x 1.
b) B c ngha
-4 x 4
x 4 - 2 2
1
- < x 4-2 2 .
2
x 4 + 2 2
x > - 1
2
2
x - 2x 0
x(x - 2) 0
x 2
67. a) A c ngha
2
2
2
x < 0
x x - 2x
x x - 2x
2
-4 x 4
16 - x 0
(x - 4)2 8
2x + 1 > 0
x 2 - 8x + 8 0
x >
2
b) A = 2 x 2 - 2x vi iu kin trn.
x 2 - 2x < 1 x2 2x < 1 (x 1)2 < 2 - 2 < x 1 < 2 kq

68. t 0,999...99
1
424
3 = a. Ta s chng minh 20 ch s thp phn u tin ca a l cc ch s
c) A < 2
20 ch so 9
a < 1. Tht vy ta c : 0 < a < 1 a(a 1) < 0 a2

a < 0 a2 < a. T a2 < a < 1 suy ra a < a < 1.
Vy 0,999...99
1
424
3 = 0,999...99
1
424
3.
9. Mun vy ch cn chng minh a <
20 ch so 9
20 ch so 9
69. a) Tm gi tr ln nht. p dng | a + b | | a | + | b |.

A | x | + 2 + | y | + 1 = 6 + 2 max A = 6 + 2 (khi chng hn x = - 2, y = - 3)
b) Tm gi tr nh nht. p dng | a b | | a | - | b .
A | x | - 2 | y | - 1 = 4 - 2 min A = 4 - 2 (khi chng hn x = 2, y = 3)
70. Ta c : x4 + y4 2x2y2 ; y4 + z4 2y2z2 ; z4 + x4 2z2x2. Suy ra :
x4 + y4 + z4 x2y2 + y2z2 + z2x2 (1)
Mt khc, d dng chng minh c : Nu a + b + c = 1 th a2 + b2 + c2
Do t gi thit suy ra : x2y2 + y2z2 + z2x2
24
1
3
1
.
3
(2).
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
1
3
x=y=z=
3
3
71. Lm nh bi 8c ( 2). Thay v so snh n + n + 2 v 2 n+1 ta so snh
T (1) , (2) : min A =
n + 2 - n + 1 v n + 1 - n . Ta c :
n + 2 - n +1 < n +1 - n n + n + 2 < 2 n +1 .
72. Cch 1 : Vit cc biu thc di du cn thnh bnh phng ca mt tng hoc mt hiu.
Cch 2 : Tnh A2 ri suy ra A.
73. p dng : (a + b)(a b) = a2 b2.
74. Ta chng minh bng phn chng.
15 =
3 + 5 = r 3 + 2 15 + 5 = r2
a) Gi s tn ti s hu t r m
r2 - 8
. V tri
2
l s v t, v phi l s hu t, v l. Vy 3 + 5 l s v t.
b), c) Gii tng t.
75. a) Gi s a > b ri bin i tng ng : 3 3 = 3 > 2 2 - 1 3 3 > 2 2 + 2
( ) (
2
3 3
> 2 2+2
27 > 8 + 4 + 8 2 15 > 8 2 225 > 128 . Vy a > b l ng.
b) Bnh phng hai v ln ri so snh.
4 + 7 - 4 - 7 , r rng A > 0 v A2 = 2 A =
76. Cch 1 : t A =
4 + 7 - 4 - 7 - 2 2.B = 8 + 2 7 - 8 - 2 7 - 2 = 0 B =
Cch 2 : t B =
0.
77. Q =
78. Vit
2+ 3+ 4 + 2 2+ 3+ 4
2 + 3 + 2.3 + 2.4 + 2 4
=
= 1+ 2 .
2+ 3+ 4
2+ 3+ 4
40 = 2 2.5 ; 56 = 2 2.7 ; 140 = 2 5.7 . Vy P = 2 + 5 + 7 .
79. T gi thit ta c : x 1 - y 2 = 1 - y 1 - x 2 . Bnh phng hai v ca ng thc ny ta

c : y = 1 - x 2 . T : x2 + y2 = 1.
80. Xt A2 suy ra : 2 A2 4. Vy : min A =
81. Ta c : M =
a+ b
) (
2
a+ b
) (
2
2 x = 1 ; max A = 2 x = 0.
a- b
= 2a + 2b 2 .
a = b
1
max M = 2
a=b= .
2
a + b = 1
82. Xt tng ca hai s :
( 2a + b - 2 cd ) + ( 2c + d - 2 ab ) = ( a + b - 2 ab ) + ( c + d - 2 cd ) + a + c =
= (a + c) + ( a - b ) + ( c - d ) a + c > 0 .
2
83. N = 4 6 + 8 3 + 4 2 + 18 = 12 + 8 3 + 4 + 4 6 + 4 2 + 2 =
=
(2
84. T x + y + z =
25
3+2 +2 2 2 3+2 +2 =
(2
xy + yz + zx
3 +2+ 2
x- y
= 2 3 + 2 + 2.
) (
2
y- z
) (
2
z- x
= 0.
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
Vy x = y = z.
85. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 1 v ai ( i = 1, 2, 3, n ).
86. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy vi hai s a + b 0 v 2 ab 0, ta c :
a + b + 2 ab 2 2(a + b) ab hay
a+ b
2 2(a + b) ab .
Du = xy ra khi a = b.
87. Gi s a b c > 0. Ta c b + c > a nn b + c + 2 bc > a hay
b+ c
) >( a)
2
Do : b + c > a . Vy ba on thng a , b , c lp c thnh mt tam gic.

88. a) iu kin : ab 0 ; b 0. Xt hai trng hp :
b.( a - b)
a
a- b
a
=
= -1 .
b
b
b. b
b
* Trng hp 1 : a 0 ; b > 0 : A =
* Trng hp 2 : a 0 ; b < 0 : A =
ab - b 2
- b
a
a
a
a
=+1= 1- 2
.
b
b
b
b
(x + 2) 2 - 8x 0
x > 0
b) iu kin : x > 0
. Vi cc iu kin th :
x
2
x0
x
(x + 2) 2 - 8x
(x - 2) 2 . x x - 2 . x
=
=
.
2
x
2
x
2
xx
Nu 0 < x < 2 th | x 2 | = -(x 2) v B = - x .
Nu x > 2 th | x 2 | = x 2 v B = x
B=
a +2
2
89. Ta c :
a2 +1
1
a2 +1 +
2
a2 +1
a2 +1 +1
a2 +1
a 2 + 1.
= a2 +1 +
1
a2 +1
= 2 . Vy
a2 +1 =
93. Nhn 2 v ca pt vi
2 , ta c :
. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy:
a2 +1
a2 + 2
a2 +1
2 . ng thc xy ra khi :
a = 0.
a2 +1
2x - 5 + 3 + 2x - 5 - 1 = 4 5/2 x 3.
94. Ta chng minh bng qui np ton hc :
1
1
<
(*) ng.
2
3
1
1.3.5...(2k - 1)
1
<
2.4.6...2k
2k + 1
2k + 1
a) Vi n = 1 ta c : P1 =
b) Gi s : Pk <
(1)
c) Ta chng minh rng (*) ng khi n = k + 1 , tc l :
26
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
1
1.3.5...(2k + 1)
1
<
2.4.6...(2k + 2)
2k + 3
2k + 3
2k + 1
2k + 1
Vi mi s nguyn dng k ta c :
<
(3)
2k + 2
2k + 3
Pk +1 <
(2)
Nhn theo tng v cc bt ng thc (1) v (3) ta c bt ng thc (2). Vy " n Z+ ta c
Pn =
1.3.5...(2n - 1)
1
<
2.4.6...2n
2n + 1
a2
b2
a 3 + b3
95. Bin i tng ng : a + b
+
a+ b
b
a
ab
2
( a + b)(a - ab + b)
a+ b
ab a - ab + b a - b 0 (ng).
ab
x - 4(x - 1) 0
1 < x < 2
x + 4(x - 1) 0
96. iu kin :
x > 2
x 2 - 4(x - 1) > 0
x - 1 0
2
2
Xt trn hai khong 1 < x < 2 v x > 2. Kt qu : A =
v A=
1- x
x-1
2
105. Cch 1 : Tnh A 2 . Cch 2 : Tnh A
Cch 3 : t 2x - 1 = y 0, ta c : 2x 1 = y2.
y 2 + 1 + 2y
y 2 + 1 - 2y y + 1 y - 1
2x + 2 2x - 1
2x - 2 2x - 1
A=
=
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
Vi y 1 (tc l x 1), A =
(y + 1 - y + 1) = 2 .
2
1
1
2y
Vi 0 y < 1 (tc l
x < 1), A =
(y + 1 + y - 1) =
= y 2 = 4x - 2 .
2
2
2
108. Nu 2 x 4 th A = 2 2 . Nu x 4 th A = 2 x - 2 .
109. Bin i : x + y - 2 + 2 = x + y . Bnh phng hai v ri rt gn, ta c :
2(x + y - 2) = xy . Li bnh phng hai v ri rt gn : (2 y)(x 2) = 0.
p : x = 2 , y 0 , x 0 , y = 2.
110. Bin i tng ng :
(1) a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2
(a
(a
+ b2 )( c2 + d 2 ) a2 + c2 + 2ac + b2 + d2 + 2bd
+ b2 )( c2 + d 2 ) ac + bd
(2)
* Nu ac + bd < 0, (2) c chng minh.

* Nu ac + bd 0, (2) tng ng vi :
(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2) a2c2 + b2d2 + 2abcd a2c2 + a2d2 + b2c2 + b2d2 a2c2 + b2d2 + 2abcd
(ad bc)2 0 (3). Bt ng thc (3) ng, vy bt ng thc (1) c chng minh.
111. Cch 1 : Theo bt ng thc Cauchy :
27
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a2
b+c
a2 b + c
a
a2
b+c
+
2
.
= 2. = a
a.
b+c
4
b+c 4
2
b+c
4
b2
a+c
c2
a+b
Tng t :
b;
c.
a+c
4
a+b
4
a2
b2
c2
a+b+c a+b+c
Cng tng v 3 bt ng thc :
+
+
( a + b + c) =
b+c c+a a+ b
2
2
Cch 2 : Theo BT Bunhiacpxki : (a2 + b2 + c2)(x2 + y2 + z2) (ax + by + cz)2. Ta c :
a 2 b 2 c 2
+
+
X
b + c c + a a + b
b+c
) +(
2
c+a
) +(
2
2
a+b
b
c
a

. b+c +
. c+a +
. a+b
c+a
a+b
b+c
2
2
2
2
2
a
b
c
a
b
c2
a+b+c
2

.
+
+
.
2(a
+
b
+
c)
(a
+
b
+
c)
+
+
]
[
b
+
c
c
+
a
a
+
b
b
+
c
c
+
a
a
+
b
2
112. a) Ta nhn tng a + 1 di dng mt tch 1.(a + 1) v p dng bt Cauchy :
xy
(a + 1) + 1 a
= +1
2
2
b
c
Tng t : b + 1 = + 1 ; c + 1 = + 1
2
2
a+b+c
Cng tng v 3 bt ng thc : a + 1 + b + 1 + c + 1
+ 3 = 3,5 .
2
x+y
2
a + 1 = 1.(a + 1)
Du = xy ra a + 1 = b + 1 = c + 1 a = b = c = 0, tri vi gi thit a + b + c = 1.
Vy :
a + 1 + b + 1 + c + 1 < 3,5 .
b) p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki vi hai b ba s :
(1. a + b + 1. b + c + 1. c + a ) (1 + 1 + 1)X ( a + b ) + ( b + c ) + ( c + a )
( a + b + b + c + c + a ) 3(a + b + b + c + c + a) = 6 a + b + b + c + c + a
2
6
C
113. Xt t gic ABCD c AC ^ BD, O l giao im hai ng cho.

OA = a ; OC = b ; OB = c ; OD = d vi a, b, c, d > 0. Ta c :
2
AB = a + c ; BC = b + c ; AD = a + d ; CD = b + d
c
a
AC = a + b ; BD = c + d. Cn chng minh : AB.BC + AD.CD AC.BD.

Tht vy ta c : AB.BC 2SABC ; AD.CD 2SADC. Suy ra :
Suy ra : AB.BC + AD.CD 2SABCD = AC.BD.
Vy :
(a
+ c2 )( b2 + c2 ) +
(a
+ d 2 )( b2 + d 2 ) (a + b)(c + d) .
Ch : Gii bng cch p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki :

(m2 + n2)(x2 + y2) (mx + ny)2 vi m = a , n = c , x = c , y = b ta c :
28
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
(a2 + c2)(c2 + b2) (ac + cb)2

Tng t :
(a
(a
+ c2 )( c2 + b2 ) ac + cb (1)
+ d 2 )( d 2 + b2 ) ad + bd (2) . Cng (1) v (2) suy ra pcm.

2
1 1
1
1
114. Li gii sai : A = x + x = x + - - . Va y min A = - .

2 4
4
4
1
1
Phn tch sai lm : Sau khi chng minh f(x) - , cha ch ra trng hp xy ra f(x) = 4
4
1
Xy ra du ng thc khi v ch khi x = - . V l.
2
Li gii ng : tn ti x phi c x 0. Do A = x + x 0. min A = 0 x = 0.
(x + a)(x + b) x 2 + ax + bx + ab
ab
115. Ta c A =
=
= x + + (a + b) .
x
x
x
2
ab
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy : x +
2 ab nn A 2 ab + a + b = a + b .
x
ab
2
x =
min A =
a + b khi v chi khi
x x = ab .
x > 0
116. Ta xt biu thc ph : A2 = (2x + 3y)2. Nh li bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki :

(am + bn)2 (a2 + b2)(m2 + n2)
(1)
Nu p dng (1) vi a = 2, b = 3, m = x, n = y ta c :
A2 = (2x + 3y)2 (22 + 32)(x2 + y2) = 13(x2 + y2).
Vi cch trn ta khng ch ra c hng s m A2 . By gi, ta vit A2 di dng :
) ri p dng (1) ta c :
= ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) ( x 2 ) + ( y 3 ) = (2 + 3)(2x
A2 =
A2
2. 2x + 3. 3y
2
+ 3y 2 ) 5.5 = 25
x = y
x = y = -1
2x
+
3y
=
5
Do A2 25 nn -5 A 5. min A = -5
x = y
x = y =1
2x
+
3y
=
5
max A = 5
117. iu kin x 2. t
2 - x = y 0, ta c : y2 = 2 x.
2
1 9 9
9
1
7
a = 2 - y + y = - y - + max A = y = x =
2 4 4
4
2
4
118. iu kin x 1 ; x 1/5 ; x 2/3 x 1.

Chuyn v, ri bnh phng hai v : x 1 = 5x 1 + 3x 2 + 2 15x 2 - 13x + 2
(3)
Rt gn : 2 7x = 2 15x 2 - 13x + 2 . Cn c thm iu kin x 2/7.

Bnh phng hai v : 4 28x + 49x2 = 4(15x2 13x + 2) 11x2 24x + 4 = 0
(11x 2)(x 2) = 0 x1 = 2/11 ; x2 = 2.
C hai nghim u khng tha mn iu kin. Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
119. iu kin x 1. Phng trnh bin i thnh :
29
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
x -1 +1+
* Nu x > 2 th :
x -1 -1 = 2
x -1 +
x -1 -1 = 1
x - 1 + x - 1 - 1 = 1 x - 1 = 1 x = 2 , khng thuc khong ang xt.
* Nu 1 x 2 th :
x - 1 + 1 - x - 1 + 1 = 2 . V s nghim 1 x 2
Kt lun : 1 x 2.
120. iu kin : x + 7x + 7 0. t x 2 + 7x + 7 = y 0 x2 + 7x + 7 = y2.

Phng trnh cho tr thnh : 3y2 3 + 2y = 2 3y2 + 2y 5 = 0 (y 1)(3y + 5) = 0
2
y = - 5/3 (loi) ; y = 1. Vi y = 1 ta c x 2 + 7x + 7 = 1 x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
(x + 1)(x + 6) = 0. Cc gi tr x = - 1, x = - 6 tha mn x2 + 7x + 7 0 l nghim ca (1).
121. V tri : 3(x + 1)2 + 4 + 5(x + 1)2 + 9 4 + 9 = 5 .
V phi : 4 2x x2 = 5 (x + 1)2 5. Vy hai v u bng 5, khi x = - 1. Vi gi tr ny c
hai bt ng thc ny u tr thnh ng thc. Kt lun : x = - 1
122. a) Gi s
3 - 2 = a (a : hu t) 5 - 2 6 = a2
6=
5 - a2
. V phi l s
2
hu t, v tri l s v t. V l. Vy 3 - 2 l s v t.
b) Gii tng t cu a.
123. t x - 2 = a, 4 - x = b, ta c a2 + b = 2. S chng minh a + b 2. Cng tng v bt
ng thc : a
a2 + 1
b2 + 1
;b
.
2
2
124. t cc on thng BH = a, HC = c trn mt ng thng.

b
K HA ^ BC vi AH = b. D thy AB.AC 2SABC = BC.AH.
c
a
B
125. Bnh phng hai v ri rt gn, ta c bt ng thc tng
ng : (ad bc)2 0. Ch : Cng c th chng minh bng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki.
126. Gi s a b c > 0. Theo bi : b + c > a. Suy ra : b + c + 2 bc > a
b+ c
) ( )
2
>
b+ c> a
Vy ba on thng c di b , c , a lp c thnh mt tam gic.

127. Ta c a, b 0. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy :
(a + b)2 a + b a + b
1
1
+
=
a + b + ab a + b +
2
4
2
2
2
Cn chng minh : ab a + b + a b + b a . Xt hiu hai v :

2
1
1
ab a + b + - ab a + b = ab a + b + - a - b =
2
2
2
2
1
1
= ab a - + b - 0
2
2
1
Xy ra du ng thc : a = b =
hoc a = b = 0.
4
b+c
b+ c+a
b+c
128. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy :
.1
+ 1 : 2 =
.
a
2a
a
30
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a
2a
b
2b
c
2c
. Tng t :
b+c a+ b+c
a+c a+ b+c
a+b a+b+c
a
b
c
2(a + b + c)
Cng tng v :
+
+
= 2.
b+c
c+a
a+ b
a+ b+c
a = b + c
Xy ra du ng thc : b = c + a a + b + c = 0 , tri vi gi thit a, b, c > 0.

c = a + b
Do :
Vy du ng thc khng xy ra.

129. Cch 1 : Dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki. Ta c :
x 1 - y2 + y 1 - x2
( x 2 - y 2 )(1 - y 2 + 1 - x 2 ) .
t x2 + y2 = m, ta c : 12 m(2 - m) (m 1)2 0 m = 1 (pcm).

Cch 2 : T gi thit : x 1 - y 2 = 1 - y 1 - x 2 . Bnh phng hai v :
x2(1 y2) = 1 2y 1 - x 2 + y2(1 x2) x2 = 1 2y 1 - x 2 + y2
0 = (y - 1 - x 2 )2 y = 1 - x 2 x2 + y2 = 1 .
130. p dng | A | + | B | | A + B | . min A = 2 1 x 2 .
131. Xt A2 = 2 + 2 1 - x 2 . Do 0
1 - x2 1 2 2 + 2 1 - x2 4
2 A2 4. min A = 2 vi x = 1 , max A = 2 vi x = 0.
132. p dng bt ng thc :
a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 (a + c)2 + (b + d)2 (bi 23)
A = x 2 + 12 + (1 - x)2 + 22 (x + 1 - x)2 + (1 + 2)2 = 10

1- x
1
min A = 10
=2 x= .
x
3
2
-x + 4x + 12 0
(x + 2)(6 - x) 0
133. Tp xc nh : 2

- 1 x 3 (1)
(x
+
1)(3
x)
0
x
+
2x
+
3
Xt hiu : (- x2 + 4x + 12)(- x2 + 2x + 3) = 2x + 9. Do (1) nn 2x + 9 > 0 nn A > 0.

Xt : A 2 =
(x + 2)(6 - x) - (x + 1)(3 - x) . Hin nhin A2 0 nhng du = khng xy
ra (v A > 0). Ta bin i A2 di dng khc :

A2 = (x + 2)(6 x) + (x + 1)(3 x) - 2 (x + 2)(6 - x)(x + 1)(3 - x) =
= (x + 1)(6 x) + (6 x) + (x + 2)(3 x) (3 x) - 2 (x + 2)(6 - x)(x + 1)(3 - x)
= (x + 1)(6 x) + (x + 2)(3 x) - 2 (x + 2)(6 - x)(x + 1)(3 - x) + 3
=
(x + 1)(6 - x) - (x + 2)(3 - x)
+3.
A2 3. Do A > 0 nn min A = 3 vi x = 0.
134. a) iu kin : x 5.
* Tm gi tr ln nht : p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki :
2
A2 = (2x + 1. 5 - x 2 )2 (22 + 11)(x2 + 5 x2) = 25 A2 25.
31
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
x 0
x
2
=
5
x
A 2 = 25 2
x 2 = 4(5 - x 2 ) x = 2 .
x2 5
x2 5
Vi x = 2 th A = 5. Vy max A = 5 vi x = 2.
* Tm gi tr nh nht : Ch rng tuy t A2 25, ta c 5 x 5, nhng khng xy ra
A2 = - 5. Do tp xc nh ca A, ta c x2 5 - 5 x 5 . Do : 2x - 2 5 v
5 - x 2 0. Suy ra :
A = 2x + 5 - x 2 - 2 5 . Min A = - 2 5 vi x = - 5
b) Xt biu thc ph | A | v p dng cc bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki v Cauchy :
A =x
99. 99 + 1. 101 - x 2 x (99 + 1)(99 + 101 - x 2 ) = x .10. 200 - x 2 <
x 2 + 200 - x 2
= 1000
2
x 2 101
99
99
A = 1000
=
x = 10 . Do : - 1000 < A < 1000.
2
1
101
x
x 2 = 200 - x 2
< 10.
min A = - 1000 vi x = - 10 ; max A = 1000 vi x = 10.
a b
ay bx
+ ( x + y) = a + +
+ b.
x
y
x y
ay bx
ay bx
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy vi 2 s dng :
+
2
.
= 2 ab .
x
y
x y
135. Cch 1 : A = x + y = 1.(x + y) =
Do A a + b + 2 ab =
min A =
(
(
a+ b .
a+ b
ay bx
x = y
a b
vi + = 1
x y
x, y > 0
x = a + ab
y = b + ab
Cch 2 : Dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki :

2
a b
a
b
A = (x + y).1 = (x + y) + x. + y. =
x
y
x y
a+ b .
T tm c gi tr nh nht ca A.
136. A = (x + y)(x + z) = x2 + xz + xy + yz = x(x + y + z) + yz 2 xyz(x + y + z) = 2
min A = 2 khi chng hn y = z = 1 , x =
32
2 - 1.
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
xy yz
xy yz
+
2
. = 2y .
z
x
z x
yz zx
zx xy
Tng t :
+
2z ;
+
2x . Suy ra 2A 2(x + y + z) = 2.
x
y
y
z
1
min A = 1 vi x = y = z = .
3
2
2
2
x
y
z
x+y+z
138. Theo bi tp 24 :
+
+
. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy :

x+y y+z z+x
2
137. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy :
xy + yz + zx 1
= .
2
2
x+y
y+z
z+x
x+y+z
xy ;
yz ;
zx nn
2
2
2
2
1
1
min A =
x=y=z= .
2
3
139. a) A =
b) Ta c :
a+ b
) (
2
a+ b
) (
2
a- b
= 2a + 2b 2 .
a = b
1
max A = 2
a=b=
2
a + b = 1
a+ b
(
Tng t : (
(
) (
4
a+ b
)
c)
d)
) +(
4
a- b
= 2(a 2 + b 2 + 6ab)
(
+ 6bc) ; (
) 2(a + d + 6ad)
d ) 2(b + d + 6bd)
a+ c
2(a 2 + c 2 + 6ac) ;
a+ d
b+
2(b 2 + c 2
b+
2(c 2 + d 2 + 6cd)
c+
Suy ra : B 6(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2ad + 2bc + 2bd + 2cd) = 6(a + b + c + d)2 6
a = b = c = d
1
max B = 6
a =b=c=d=
4
a + b + c + d = 1
140. A = 3x + 3y 2. 3x.3y = 2 3x + y = 2. 34 = 18 . min A = 18 vi x = y = 2.
141. Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s a + b c + d. T gi thit suy ra :
a +b+c+d
.
2
b
c
b+c c
c a+b+c+d c+d c+d
A=
+
=
-
-
c+d a+b c+d c+d a+b

2(c + d)
c+d a+b
b+c
t a + b = x ; c + d = y vi x y > 0, ta c :
x+y y y x 1
y x y 1
x y 1
1
- + =
+ -1+ =
+ - 2.
. - = 22y
y x 2y 2
x 2y x 2
2y x 2
2
1
min A = 2 - d = 0 , x = y 2 , b + c a + d ; chng hn khi
2
a = 2 + 1, b = 2 - 1,c = 2,d = 0
142. a) (x - 3) 2 + ( x - 3) 2 = 0 . p s : x = 3.
33
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
b) Bnh phng hai v, a v : (x2 + 8)(x2 8x + 8) = 0. p s : x = 4 + 2 2 .

c) p s : x = 20.
d) x - 1 = 2 + x + 1 . V phi ln hn v tri. V nghim.
x - 2 x - 1 = 1 + x - 1 . Bnh phng hai v. p s : x = 1.

1
g) Bnh phng hai v. p s :
x 1
2
h) t x - 2 = y. a v dng y - 2 + y - 3 = 1. Ch n bt ng thc :
e) Chuyn v :
y - 2 + 3 - y y - 2 + 3 - y = 1 . Tm c 2 y 3. p s : 6 x 11.
i) Chuyn v : x + 1 - x = 1 - x , ri bnh phng hai v. p : x = 0 (ch loi x =
16
)
25
16
.
25
k) p s :
l) iu kin : x 1 hoc x = - 1. Bnh phng hai v ri rt gn :
2 2(x + 1) 2 (x + 3)(x - 1) = x 2 - 1 .
Bnh phng hai v : 8(x + 1)2(x + 3)(x 1) = (x + 1)2(x 1)2 (x + 1)2(x 1)(7x + 25) = 0
x=-
25
loi. Nghim l : x = 1.
7
m) V tri ln hn x, v phi khng ln hn x. Phng trnh v nghim.

n) iu kin : x - 1. Bnh phng hai v, xut hin iu kin x - 1. Nghim l : x = - 1.
o) Do x 1 nn v tri ln hn hoc bng 2, v phi nh hn hoc bng 2. Suy ra hai v bng 2,
khi x = 1, tha mn phng trnh.
p) t
2x + 3 + x + 2 = y ; 2x + 2 - x + 2 = z (1). Ta c :
y 2 - z 2 = 1 + 2 x + 2 ; y + z = 1 + 2 x + 2 . Suy ra y z = 1.
T z =
x + 2 (2). T (1) v (2) tnh c x. p s : x = 2 (ch loi x = - 1).

q) t 2x2 9x + 4 = a 0 ; 2x 1 b 0. Phng trnh l : a + 3 b = a + 15b . Bnh
1
phng hai v ri rt gn ta c : b = 0 hoc b = a. p s : ; 5
2
144. Ta c :
Vy : 1 +
1
2
2
=
>
=
k 2 k
k + k +1
k +1 - k
k +1 + k
)(
k +1 - k
=2
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
> 2( 2 - 1) + 2( 3 - 2) + 2( 4 - 3) + ... + 2( n + 1 - n ) =
2
3
n
= 2( n + 1 - 1) (pcm).
150. a cc biu thc di du cn v dng cc bnh phng ng. M = -2

151. Trc cn thc mu tng hng t. Kt qu : A = n - 1.
152. Ta c :
1
a - a +1
= -( a + a + 1) P = -( 2 + 2n + 1) .
P khng phi l s hu t (chng minh bng phn chng).
34
k +1 - k .
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
1
1
1
9
=
A=
10
(n + 1) n + n n + 1
n
n +1
1
1
1
1
1
154. 1 +
+
+
+ ... +
>
.n = n .
2
3
4
n
n
155. Ta c a + 1 = 17 . Bin i a thc trong ngoc thnh tng cc ly tha c s a + 1
153. Ta hy chng minh :
A = [(a + 1)5 3(a + 1)4 15(a + 1)3 + 52(a + 1)2 14(a + 1)]2000
= (259 17 - 225 17 - 34 17 - 1)2000 = 1.
156. Bin i :
a - a -1 =
1
a + a -1
1
.
a -2 + a -3
; a -2 - a -3 =
2
1
1
1
1
1
157. x - x + = x 2 - x + + x - x + = x - + x - 0 .
2
4
4
2
2
1
1
Du = khng xy ra v khng th c ng thi : x = v x = .
2
2
2
168. Trc ht ta chng minh : a + b 2(a 2 + b 2 )

p dng (*) ta c : S =
(*) (a + b 0)
x - 1 + y - 2 2(x - 1 + y - 2) = 2
3
x
=
x -1 = y - 2
2
max S = 2
x + y = 4
y = 5
* C th tnh S2 ri p dng bt ng thc Cauchy.

180. Ta phi c | A |
3 . D thy A > 0. Ta xt biu thc : B =
1
= 2 - 3 - x 2 . Ta c :
A
0 3 - x2 3 - 3 - 3 - x2 0 2 - 3 2 - 3 - x2 2 .
1
min B = 2 - 3 3 = 3 - x 2 x = 0 . Khi max A =
= 2+ 3
2- 3
1
max B = 2 3 - x 2 = 0 x = 3 . Khi min A =
2
2x 1 - x
181. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta xt biu thc : B =
+
. Khi :
1- x
x
2x 1 - x
=
(1)
2x 1 - x
B2
.
= 2 2 . B = 2 2 1 - x
x
1- x x
0 < x < 1 (2)
Gii (1) : 2x2 = (1 x)2 | x 2 | = | 1 x |. Do 0 < x < 1 nn x 2 = 1 x
1
x=
= 2 - 1.
2 +1
Nh vy min B = 2 2 x = 2 - 1.
1 2x 1 - x 2 - 2x 1 - 1 + x
2
By gi ta xt hiu : A - B =
+ -
+
+
= 2 +1 = 3
=
x 1- x
x
1- x x 1- x
35
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
Do min A = 2 2 + 3 khi v ch khi x = 2 - 1.

182. a) iu kin : x 1 , y 2. Bt ng thc Cauchy cho php lm gim mt tng :
a+b
ab . y ta mun lm tng mt tng. Ta dng bt ng thc : a + b 2(a 2 + b 2 )
2
A = x - 1 + y - 2 2(x - 1 + y - 3) = 2
x - 1 = y - 2
x = 1,5
max A = 2

x + y = 4
y = 2,5
Cch khc : Xt A2 ri dng bt ng thc Cauchy.
b) iu kin : x 1 , y 2. Bt ng thc Cauchy cho php lm tri mt tch :
x - 1 , y - 2 l cc tch :
Ta xem cc biu thc
x - 1 = 1.(x - 1) , y - 2 =
x - 1 1.(x - 1) 1 + x - 1 1
=
=
x
x
2x
2
y-2
2.(y - 2) 2 + y - 2
1
=
=
=
y
y 2
2y 2
2 2
x - 1 = 1
1
2 2+ 2
max B = +
=

2 4
4
y - 2 = 2
a+b
2
2(y - 2)
ab
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy :
2
4
x = 2
y = 4
1
1
,b=
. Ta thy
1997 + 1996
1998 + 1997
1997 + 1996 < 1998 + 1997
183. a =
Nn a < b.
184. a) min A = 5 - 2 6 vi x = 0. max A =
b) min B = 0 vi x = 1
5 . max B =
1
vi x =
5
6.
5 vi x = 1
x 2 + (1 - x 2 ) 1
= .
2
2
2
2
x = 1 - x
1
2
max A =
x=
2
2
x > 0
185. Xt 1 x 0 th A 0. Xt 0 x 1 th A =
x 2 (1 - x 2 )
186. A = | x y | 0, do A ln nht khi v chi khi A2 ln nht. Theo bt Bunhiacpxki :

2
1
5
1
A = (x - y) = 1.x - .2y 1 + (x 2 + 4y 2 ) =
2
4
4
2
2 5
2 5
1
2y
x=x=
5
=
5
5
hoc
max A =
x

2
2
x 2 + 4y 2 = 1
y = 5
y = - 5
10
10
187. a) Tm gi tr ln nht : T gi thit :
36
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
x 3 x 2
0 x 1
3
x 3 + y3 x 2 + y 2 = 1
2
y y
0 y 1
x 3 = x 2
max A = 1 3
x = 0, y = 1 V x = 1, y = 0
2
y = y
x+y
b) Tm gi tr nh nht : (x + y)2 2(x2 + y2) = 2 x + y 2
1 . Do :
2
x 3 + y3 ) ( x + y )
(
3
3
x +y
. Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki :
2
2
2
2
2
2
(x 3 + y3 )(x + y) = x 3 + y3 x + y x 3 . x + y3 . y = (x2 + y2) =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
min A =
188. t
1
2
x=y=
2
2
x = a ; y = b , ta c a, b 0, a + b = 1.
A = a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 ab + b2) = a2 ab + b2 = (a + b)2 3ab = 1 3ab.

Do ab 0 nn A 1. max A = 1 a = 0 hoc b = 0 x = 0 hoc x = 1, y = 0.
Ta c ab
(a + b) 2 1
1
1
1
1
= ab 1 - 3ab . min A = x = y =
4
4
4
4
4
4
189. iu kin : 1 x 0 , 2 x 0 nn x 1. Ta c :
x -1
=3
x-2
1 - x + (x - 1)(x - 2) - (x - 1)(x - 2) = 3 1 - x = 3 x = -8 .
1 - x + (x - 1)(x - 2) - x - 2
190. Ta c : 6 + 4x + 2x2 = 2(x2 + 2x + 1) + 4 = 2(x + 1)2 + 4 > 0 vi mi x. Vy phng trnh
x 2 + 2x + 3 = y 0, phng trnh c dng :

y = 3 2
y2 - y 2 - 12 = 0 (y - 3 2 )(y + 2 2 ) = 0
y = -2 2 (loai v y 0
xc nh vi mi gi tr ca x. t
Do x 2 + 2x + 3 = 3 2 x2 + 2x + 3 = 18 (x 3)(x + 5) = 0 x = 3 ; x = -5 .
191. Ta c :
1
1
1
1
1
= k.
= k +
= k
(k + 1)k
(k + 1) k
k k +1
k
k 1
1
1
= 1 +
< 2
. Do :
(k + 1) k
k +1 k
k +1
1
1
1
1
1
Vy :
+
+
+ ... +
< 2 1 + 2
2 3 2 4 3
(n + 1) n
2
= 2 1 < 2 (pcm).
n +1
37
1 1
1
k + 1 k
k +1
1
1
.
k
k +1
1
1
1
1
+ ... + 2
2
3
n +1
n
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
1
2
>
(a, b > 0 ; a 0).
ab a + b
192. Dng bt ng thc Cauchy

193. t x y = a ,
x +
y = b (1) th a, b Q .
y Q.
x-y
a
a
= x - y = Q (2).
b
x+ y b
a) Nu b = 0 th x = y = 0, do
b) Nu b 0 th
T (1) v (2) :
199. Nhn xt :
1
a
x = b + Q ;
2
b
x2 + a2 + x
2 x + x2 + a 2
Do a 0 nn :
x ,
)(
1
a
y = b - Q .
2
b
x 2 + a 2 - x = a 2 . Do :
5a 2
(1) 2 x + x 2 + a 2
x2 + a2
x 2 + a 2 + x > x 2 + x = x + x 0 . Suy ra :
x2 + a2 + x
)(
x2 + a2 - x
x2 + a2
x 2 + a 2 + x > 0 , "x.
x 0
V vy : (1) 2 x 2 + a 2 5 x 2 + a 2 - x 5x 3 x 2 + a 2 x > 0
25x 2 9x 2 + 9a 2
x 0
3
x a .
3
0 < x a
4
4
1 - 2a
1
207. c) Trc ht tnh x theo a c x =
. Sau tnh 1 + x 2 c
.
2 a(1 - a)
2 a(1 - a)
p s : B = 1.
d) Ta c a2 + 1 = a2 + ab + bc + ca = (a + b)(a + c). Tng t :
b2 + 1 = (b + a)(b + c) ; c2 + 1 = (c + a)(c + b). p s : M = 0.
2x + 4
. Suy ra iu phi chng minh.
x
1
1 3
209. Ta c : a + b = - 1 , ab = nn : a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 2ab = 1 + = .
4
2 2
9 1 17
3
7
a4 + b4 = (a2 + b2)2 2a2b2 = - =
; a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 3ab(a + b) = - 1 - = 4 9 8
4
4
7 17 1
239
Do : a7 + b7 = (a3 + b3)(a4 + b4) a3b3(a + b) = - . - - ( -1) = .
4 8 64
64
208. Gi v tri l A > 0. Ta c A 2 =
210. a) a 2 = ( 2 - 1) 2 = 3 - 2 2 = 9 - 8 .
a 3 = ( 2 - 1)3 = 2 2 - 6 + 3 2 - 1 = 5 2 - 7 = 50 - 49 .
2 )n = A - B 2 ; (1 + 2 )n = A + B 2 vi A, B N
Suy ra : A2 2B2 = (A + B 2 )(A - B 2 ) = [(1 + 2 )(1 - 2 )]n = (- 1)n.
b) Theo khai trin Newton : (1 -
Nu n chn th A2 2b2 = 1 (1). Nu n l th A2 2B2 = - 1 (2).
38
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
By gi ta xt an. C hai trng hp :

* Nu n chn th : an = ( 2 - 1)n = (1 A2 2B2 = 1 c tha mn do (1).
2 )n = A - B 2 =
A 2 - 2B2 . iu kin
* Nu n l th : an = ( 2 - 1)n = - (1 - 2 )n = B 2 - A = 2B2 - A 2 . iu kin

2B2 A2 = 1 c tha mn do (2).
211. Thay a = 2 vo phng trnh cho : 2 2 + 2a + b 2 + c = 0
2 (b + 2) = -(2a + c).
Do a, b, c hu t nn phi c b + 2 = 0 do 2a + c = 0. Thay b = - 2 , c = - 2a vo phng trnh
cho :
x3 + ax2 2x 2a = 0 x(x2 2) + a(x2 2) = 0 (x2 2)(x + a) = 0.
Cc nghim phng trnh cho l: 2 v - a.
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
.
2
3
n
a) Chng minh A > 2 n - 3 : Lm gim mi s hng ca A :
1
2
2
=
>
= 2 k +1 - k .
k
k+ k
k +1 + k
Do A > 2 - 2 + 3 + - 3 + 4 + ... + - n + n + 1 =
212. t A =
=2
) (
n +1 - 2 = 2 n +1 - 2 2 > 2 n +1 - 3 > 2 n - 3 .
b) Chng minh A < 2 n - 2 : Lm tri mi s hng ca A :
1
2
2
=
<
= 2 k - k -1
k
k+ k
k + k -1
Do : A < 2 n - n - 1 + ... + 3 - 2 + 2 - 1 = 2 n - 2 .
) (
213. K hiu a n = 6 + 6 + ... + 6 + 6 c n du cn. Ta c :
a1 = 6 < 3 ; a 2 = 6 + a1 < 6 + 3 = 3 ; a 3 = 6 + a 2 < 6 + 3 = 3 ... a100 = 6 + a 99 < 6 + 3 = 3

Hin nhin a100 >
6 > 2. Nh vy 2 < a100 < 3, do [ a100 ] = 2.

214. a) Cch 1 (tnh trc tip) : a2 = (2 + 3 )2 = 7 + 4 3 .
Ta c 4 3 = 48 nn 6 < 4 3 < 7 13 < a2 < 14. Vy [ a2 ] = 13.
Cch 2 (tnh gin tip) : t x = (2 + 3 )2 th x = 7 + 4 3 .
Xt biu thc y = (2 - 3 )2 th y = 7 - 4 3 . Suy ra x + y = 14.
D thy 0 < 2 - 3 < 1 nn 0 < (2- 3 )2 < 1, tc l 0 < y < 1. Do 13 < x < 14.
Vy [ x ] = 13 tc l [ a2 ] = 13.
3
b) p s : [ a ] = 51.
215. t x y = a ; x + y = b (1) th a v b l s hu t. Xt hai trng hp :
a) Nu b 0 th
39
x-y
a
=
x+ y b
x- y=
a
l s hu t (2). T (1) v (2) ta c :
b
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
1
a
1
a
x = b + l s hu t ; y = b - l s hu t.
2
b
2
b
b) Nu b = 0 th x = y = 0, hin nhin x , y l s hu t.
1
n
1
1 1
1
1
1
=
= n +
= n
=
(n + 1) n n(n + 1)
n + 1 n
n +1
n n +1
n
n 1
1
1
1
= 1 +
< 2
. T ta gii c bi ton.
n +1 n
n +1
n +1
n
216. Ta c
217. Chng minh bng phn chng. Gi s trong 25 s t nhin cho, khng c hai s no
bng nhau. Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s a1 < a2 < . < a25. Suy ra : a1 1 , a2 2 ,
a25 25. Th th :
<
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+ .... +
+
+ .... +
a1
a2
a 25
1
2
25
(1). Ta li c :
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
+
+ .... +
+
=
+
+ .... +
+1 <
25
24
2
1
25 + 25
24 + 24
2+ 2
2
2
2
+
+ .... +
+ 1 = 2 25 - 24 + 24 - 23 + .... + 2 - 1 + 1 =
24 + 24
23 + 23
2+ 2
=2
T (1) v (2) suy ra :
25 - 1 + 1 = 9
(2)
1
1
1
+
+ .... +
< 9 , tri vi gi thit. Vy tn ti hai s bng
a1
a2
a 25
nhau trong 25 s a1 , a2 , , a25.

218. iu kin : 0 x 4. t
2 + x = a 0 ; 2 - x = b 0.
Ta c : ab = 4 - x , a2 + b2 = 4. Phng trnh l :
a2 2 - a2b + b2 2 + ab2 =
a2
b2
+
= 2
2 +a
2 -b
2 (2 - b 2 + a 2 - ab)
2 (a2 + b2 2 + ab) ab(a b) = 2(a b)
2 (2 + ab) = (a b)(2 + ab) (ch : a2 + b2 = 4)

a b = 2 (do ab + 2 0)
2
2
Bnh phng : a + b 2ab = 2 2ab = 2 ab = 1 4 - x = 1. Tm c x = 3 .
a -1
219. iu kin : 0 < x 1 , a 0. Bnh phng hai v ri thu gn : 1 - x 2 =
.
a +1
2 a
Vi a 1, bnh phng hai v, cui cng c : x =
.
a +1
iu kin x 1 tha mn (theo bt ng thc Cauchy).
Kt lun : Nghim l x =
2 a
. Vi a 1.
a +1
220. Nu x = 0 th y = 0, z = 0. Tng t i vi y v z. Nu xyz 0, hin nhin x, y, z > 0

T h phng trnh cho ta c :
40
x=
2y
2y
= y.
1+ y 2 y
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
Tng t y z ; z x . Suy ra x = y = z. Xy ra du = cc bt ng thc trn

vi x = y = z = 1. Kt lun : Hai nghim (0 ; 0 ; 0) , (1 ; 1 ; 1).
221. a) t A = (8 + 3 7 )7. chng minh bi ton, ch cn tm s B sao cho 0 < B <
1
107
v A + B l s t nhin.
Chn B = (8 - 3 7 )7. D thy B > 0 v 8 > 3 7 . Ta c 8 + 3 7 > 10 suy ra :
(8 + 3 7 )
<
1
8-3 7
107
<
1
107
Theo khai trin Newton ta li c : A = (8 + 3 7 )7 = a + b 7 vi a, b N.

B = (8 - 3 7 )7 = a - b 7 . Suy ra A + B = 2a l s t nhin.
Do 0 < B <
1
v A + B l s t nhin nn A c by ch s 9 lin sau du phy.
107
Ch : 10- 7 = 0,0000001.
b) Gii tng t nh cu a.
222. Ta thy vi n l s chnh phng th
n l s v t, nn
n l s t nhin, nu n khc s chnh phng th

n khng c dng ....,5 . Do ng vi mi s n N* c duy nht mt s
nguyn an gn n nht.
Ta thy rng, vi n bng 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, th an bng 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, Ta s chng minh
rng an ln lt nhn cc gi tr : hai s 1, bn s 2, su s 3 Ni cch khc ta s chng minh
bt phng trnh :
1
<
2
1
2- <
2
1
3- <
2
1
1
Tng qut : k - < x < k +
2
2
1
vi : k2 k +
< x < k2 + k +
4
1-
1
c hai nghim t nhin.
2
1
x < 2 + c bn nghim t nhin.
2
1
x < 3 + c su nghim t nhin.
2
x < 1+
c 2k nghim t nhin. Tht vy, bt ng thc tng ng
1
. R rng bt phng trnh ny c 2k nghim t nhin l :
4
k2 k + 1 ; k2 k + 2 ; ; k2 + k. Do :

1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + ... +
= + + + + + + ... + +
+ ... + = 2.44 = 88 .
a1 a2
a1980 1{
1 14
2 4
2244
2 3
2
44
44
44
42444
3
144
4 so
88
so
2 so

a) 1 < an < 2. Vy [ an ] = 1.
b) 2 an 3. Vy [ an ] = 2.
c) Ta thy : 442 = 1936 < 1996 < 2025 = 452, cn 462 = 2116.
a1 = 1996 = 44 < a1 < 45.
Hy chng t vi n 2 th 45 < an < 46.
Nh vy vi n = 1 th [ an ] = 44, vi n 2 th [ an ] = 45.
41
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
224. Cn tm s t nhin B sao cho B A < B + 1. Lm gim v lm tri A c hai s t

nhin lin tip.
Ta c : (4n + 1)2 < 16n2 + 8n + 3 < (4n + 2)2 4n + 1 <
16n 2 + 8n + 3 < 4n + 2
16n 2 + 8n + 3 < 4n2 + 4n + 2 < 4n2 + 8n + 4
4n2 + 4n + 1 < 4n2 +
(2n + 1)2 < 4n2 + 16n 2 + 8n + 3 < (2n + 2)2.

Ly cn bc hai : 2n + 1 < A < 2n + 2. Vy [ A ] = 2n + 1.
225. chng minh bi ton, ta ch ra s y tha mn hai iu kin : 0 < y < 0,1
x + y l mt s t nhin c tn cng bng 2 (2).
Ta chn y =
3- 2
200
3 - 2 < 0,3 nn 0 < y < 0,1. iu kin (1) c
. Ta c 0 <
chng minh.
By gi ta chng minh x + y l mt s t nhin c tn cng bng 2. Ta c :
x+y=
3+ 2
200
(1).
3- 2
200
= 5+2 6
100
+ 5-2 6
100
Xt biu thc tng qut Sn = an + bn vi a = 5 + 2 6 , b = 5 - 2 6 .

Sn = (5 + 2 6 )n = (5 - 2 6 )n
A v b c tng bng 10, tch bng 1 nn chng l nghim ca phng trnh X2 -10X + 1 = 0, tc
l : a2 = 10a 1 (3) ; b2 = 10b 1 (4).
Nhn (3) vi an , nhn (4) vi bn : an+2 = 10an+1 an ; bn+2 = 10bn+1 bn.
Suy ra (an+2 + bn+2) = 10(an+1 + bn+1) (an + bn),
tc l Sn+2 = 10Sn+1 Sn , hay Sn+2 - Sn+1 (mod 10)
Do Sn+4 - Sn+2 Sn (mod 10) (5)
0
Ta c S0 = (5 + 2 6 ) + (5 - 2 6 )0 = 1 + 1 = 2 ; S1 = (5 + 2 6 ) + (5 - 2 6 ) = 10.
T cng thc (5) ta c S2 , S3 , , Sn l s t nhin, v S0 , S4 , S8 , , S100 c tn cng bng 2,
tc l tng x + y l mt s t nhin c tn cng bng 2. iu kin (2) c chng minh. T (1)
v (2) suy ra iu phi chng minh.
226. Bin i
3+ 2
250
= 5+2 6
125
. Phn nguyn ca n c ch s tn cng bng 9.
(Gii tng t bi 36)

227. Ta c :
) (
) (
) (
A = 1 + ... + 3 + 4 + ... + 8 + 9 + ... + 15 + 16 + ... + 24

Theo cch chia nhm nh trn, nhm 1 c 3 s, nhm 2 c 5 s, nhm 3 c 7 s, nhm 4 c 9 s.
Cc s thuc nhm 1 bng 1, cc s thuc nhm 2 bng 2, cc s thuc nhm 3 bng 3, cc s
thuc nhm 4 bng 4.
Vy A = 1.3 + 2.5 + 3.7 + 4.9 = 70
x x
. .(3 x). p dng bt ng thc
2 2
3
x x
2 + 2 +3- x
x x
x x
Cauchy cho 3 s khng m , , (3 x) ta c : . .(3 x)
= 1.
2 2
2 2
3
228. a) Xt 0 x 3. Vit A di dng : A = 4.
Do A 4 (1)
b) Xt x > 3, khi A 0 (2). So snh (1) v (2) ta i n kt lun :
42
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
x
= 3-x
max A = 4 2
x = 2.
x 0
229. a) Lp phng hai v, p dng hng ng thc (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b), ta c :
x + 1 + 7 - x + 3. 3 (x + 1)(7 - x).2 = 8 (x + 1)(7 - x) = 0 x = - 1 ; x = 7 (tha)
b) iu kin : x - 1 (1). t 3 x - 2 = y ; x + 1 = z . Khi x 2 = y2 ; x + 1 = z2
nn z2 y3 = 3. Phng trnh cho c a v h :
y + z = 3 (2)
2
3
z - y = 3 (3)
z 0 (4)
Rt z t (2) : z = 3 y. Thay vo (3) : y3 y2 + 6y 6 = 0 (y 1)(y2 + 6) = 0 y = 1

Suy ra z = 2, tha mn (4). T x = 3, tha mn (1). Kt lun : x = 3.
1
1
+
= 2.
2
2
230. a) C, chng hn :
a + b = 4 2 . Bnh phng hai v :

a + b + 2 ab = 2 2 ab = 2 - (a + b) .
b) Khng. Gi s tn ti cc s hu t dng a, b m
Bnh phng 2 v : 4ab = 2 + (a + b)2 2(a + b) 2 2(a + b)

V phi l s hu t, v tri l s v t (v a + b 0), mu thun.
2 = 2 + (a + b)2 4ab
m
m3
(phn s ti gin). Suy ra 5 = 3 . Hy chng minh rng
n
n
m
c m ln n u chia ht cho 5, tri gi thit
l phn s ti gin.
n
m
b) Gi s 3 2 + 3 4 l s hu t
(phn s ti gin). Suy ra :
n
3
m3
m
6m
= 3 2 + 3 4 = 6 + 3. 3 8. = 6 +
m 3 = 6n3 + 6mn 2 (1) m 3 M 2 m M 2
3
n
n
n
231. a) Gi s
5 l s hu t
Thay m = 2k (k Z) vo (1) : 8k3 = 6n3 + 12kn2 4k3 = 3n3 + 6kn2. Suy ra 3n3 chia ht cho
2 n3 chia ht cho 2 n chia ht cho 2. Nh vy m v n cng chia ht cho 2, tri vi gi
thit
m
l phn s ti gin.
n
232. Cch 1 : t a = x3 , b = y3 , c = z3. Bt ng thc cn chng minh
a+b+c 3
abc
3
x3 + y3 + z3
xyz hay x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz 0. Ta c hng ng thc :
3
1
x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz = (x + y + z)[(x y)2 + (y z)2 + (z x)2]. (bi tp sbt)
2
a+b+c 3
Do a, b, c 0 nn x, y, z 0, do x3 + y3 + z3 3xyz 0. Nh vy :
abc
3
tng ng vi
Xy ra du ng thc khi v ch khi a = b = c.

Cch 2 : Trc ht ta chng minh bt ng thc Cauchy cho bn s khng m. Ta c :
43
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
a+ b+ c+d 1a+ b c+d 1

=
+
ab + cd
ab. cd = 4 abcd
4
2 2
2 2
4
a+b+c
a+ b+ c+d
Trong bt ng thc
ta c :
abcd , t d =
4
3
a+b+c
4
a+ b+ c+
a+b+c
a+b+c
a+ b+c
3

.
abc.
abc.
4
3
3
3
a+b+c
Chia hai v cho s dng
(trng hp mt trong cc s a, b, c bng 0, bi ton c
3
3
a+b+c 3
a+b+c
chng minh) :
abc .
abc
3
3
a+b+c
Xy ra ng thc : a = b = c =
a=b=c=1
3
b
c
d
a
1
233. T gi thit suy ra :
+
+
1=
. p dng bt ng thc
b +1 c +1 d +1
a +1 a +1
1
b
c
d
bcd
Cauchy cho 3 s dng :
+
+
3. 3
. Tng t :
a +1 b +1 c +1 d +1
(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)
1
acd
3. 3
b +1
(a + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1)
1
abd
3. 3
c +1
(a + 1)(b + 1)(d + 1)
1
abc
3. 3
d +1
(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
Nhn t bn bt ng thc : 1 81abcd abcd
234. Gi A =
x2 y2 z2
+ + . p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki :
y2 z2 x2
1
.
81
x2 y2 z2
x y z
3A = 2 + 2 + 2 (1 + 1 + 1) + + (1)
z
x
y z x
y
x y z
x y z
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy vi ba s khng m :
+ + 3. 3 . . = 3
y z x
y z x
(2)
Nhn tng v (1) vi (2) :
x y z
x y z
x y z
3A + + 3 + + A + +
y z x
y z x
y z x
235. t x = 3 3 + 3 3 ; y = 3 3 - 3 3 th x3 + y3 = 6 (1). Xt hiu b3 a3 , ta c :

b3 a3 = 24 (x + y)3 = 24 (x3 + y3) 3xy(x + y)
Do (1), ta thay 24 bi 4(x3 + b3), ta c :
44
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
b3 a3 = 4(x3 + y3) (x3 + y3) 3xy(x + y) = 3(x3 + y3) 3xy(x + y) =

= 3(x + y)(x2 xy + y2 xy) = 3(x + y)(x y)2 > 0 (v x > y > 0).
Vy b3 > a3 , do b > a.
236. a) Bt ng thc ng vi n = 1. Vi n 2, theo khai trin Newton, ta c :
n
1 n(n - 1) 1 n(n - 1)(n - 2) 1

n(n - 1)...2.1 1
1
. 2+
. 3 + ... +
. n
1 + = 1 + n. +
n
2!
n
3!
n
n!
n
n
1
1 1
< 1 + 1 + + + ... +
n!
2! 3!
1 1
1
1
1
1
D dng chng minh :
+ + ... +
+
+ ... +
=
2! 3!
n! 1.2 2.3
(n - 1)n
1 1 1
1
1
1
= 1 - + - + ... +
- = 1- < 1
2 2 3
n -1 n
n
1
Do (1 + )n < 3
n
b) Vi n = 2, ta chng minh
n
Vi n 3, ta chng minh
(2)
n +1
n +1
n(n +1)
<
n > n +1 n + 1
( n)
n
3 > 2 (1). Tht vy, (1)

n(n +1)
( ) ( )
3
>
32 > 22.
(2). Tht vy :
n
(n + 1) < n
n +1
(n + 1)n
1
< n 1 + < n (3)

n
n
n
1
Theo cu a ta c 1 + < 3 , m 3 n nn (3) c chng minh.
n
Do (2) c chng minh.
237. Cch 1 : A 2 = 2 x 2 + 1 + x 4 + x 2 + 1 4 . min A = 2 vi x = 0.

Cch 2 : p dng bt ng thc Cauchy :
A 2 4 (x 2 + x + 1)(x 2 - x + 1) = 2 4 x 4 + x 2 + 1 2
min A = 2 vi x = 0.
238. Vi x < 2 th A 0 (1). Vi 2 x 4, xt - A = x2(x 2). p dng bt ng thc
Cauchy cho ba s khng m :
3
x x
3
+
+
x
2
A
x x
2x - 2
2
2
- = . .(x - 2)
=
8
4
2 2
3
3
- A 32 A - 32. min A = - 32 vi x = 4.
239. iu kin : x 9.
2
x2 x2
+ + 9 - x2
2
2
x
x
2
A 2 = x 4 (9 - x 2 ) = 4. . (9 - x 2 ) 4 2
= 4.27
2 2
3
max A = 6 3 vi x = 6 .
240. a) Tm gi tr ln nht :
45
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
Cch 1 : Vi 0 x <
MAI TRNG MU
6 th A = x(x2 6) 0.
6 x 3 6 x2 9 0 x2 6 3.
Vi x 6 . Ta c
Suy ra x(x2 6) 9. max A = 9 vi x = 3.
Cch 2 : A = x(x2 9) + 3x. Ta c x 0, x2 9 0, 3x 9, nn A 9.
max A = 9 vi x = 3
b) Tm gi tr nh nht :
Cch 1 : A = x3 6x = x3 + (2 2 )3 6x (2 2 )3 =
= (x + 2 2 )(x2 - 2 2 x + 8) 6x - 16 2
= (x + 2 2 )(x2 - 2 2 x + 2) + (x + 2 2 ).6 6x - 16 2
= (x + 2 2 )(x -
2 )2 - 4 2 - 4 2 .
min A = - 4 2 vi x = 2 .
Cch 2 : p dng bt ng thc Cauchy vi 3 s khng m :

x3 + 2 2 + 2 2 3. 3 x3 .2 2.2 2 = 6x.
Suy ra x3 6x - 4 2 . min A = - 4 2 vi x =
241. Gi x l cnh ca hnh vung nh, V l th tch ca hnh hp.
Cn tm gi tr ln nht ca V = x(3 2x)2.
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy vi ba s dng :
2.
x
x
4x + 3 - 2x + 3 - 2x
= 8
3
max V = 2 4x = 3 2x x =
b) t
c) Lp phng hai v. p s : 0 ;
x
x
1
2
Th tch ln nht ca hnh hp l 2 dm3 khi cnh hnh vung nh bng

242. a) p s : 24 ; - 11.
3-2x
4V = 4x(3 2x)(3 2x)
x
3-2x
1
dm.
2
2 - x = a ; x - 1 = b . p s : 1 ; 2 ; 10.
5
2
2x - 1 = y. Gii h : x3 + 1 = 2y , y3 + 1 = 2x, c (x y)(x2 + xy + y2 + 2) = 0

-1 5
x = y. p s : 1 ;
.
2
1
e) Rt gn v tri c :
x - x 2 - 4 . p s : x = 4.
2
g) t 3 7 - x = a ; 3 x - 5 = b . Ta c : a3 + b3 = 2, a3 b3 = 12 2x, do v phi ca
d) t
a3 - b 3
a - b a3 - b 3
phng trnh cho l
. Phng trnh cho tr thnh :
=
.
2
a+b
2
a - b a3 - b 3
3
3
Do a + b = 2 nn
= 3
(a b)(a3 + b3) = (a + b)(a3 b3)
3
a+b a +b
Do a + b 0 nn : (a b)(a2 ab + b2 = (a b)(a2 + ab + b2).
T a = b ta c x = 6. T ab = 0 ta c x = 7 ; x = 5.
h) t 3 x + 1 = a ; 3 x - 1 = b . Ta c : a2 + b2 + ab = 1 (1) ; a3 b3 = 2 (2).
T (1) v (2) : a b = 2. Thay b = a 2 vo (1) ta c a = 1. p s : x = 0.
46
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
i) Cch 1 : x = - 2 nghim ng phng trnh. Vi x + 2 0, chia hai v cho

t
x +1
=a ;
x+2
Cch 2 : t
x+2 .
x+3
= b . Gii h a3 + b3 = 2, a + b = - 1. H ny v nghim.
x+2
x + 2 = y. Chuyn v :
y3 - 1 + 3 y3 + 1 = -y . Lp phng hai v ta c :
y3 1 + y3 + 1 + 3. 3 y 6 - 1 .(- y) = - y3 y3 = y.
y6 - 1 .
Vi y = 0, c nghim x = - 2. Vi y 0, c y2 = 3 y 6 - 1 . Lp phng : y6 = y6 1. V n0.

Cch 3 : Ta thy x = - 2 nghim ng phng trnh. Vi x < - 2, x > - 2, phng trnh v
nghim, xem bng di y :
3
x
x < -2
x > -x
x +1
< -1
> -1
x+2
< 0
> 0
k) t 1 + x = a , 1 x = b. Ta c : a + b = 2 (1),
mn
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy
m+n
, ta c :
2
x+3
< 1
> 1
V tri
< 0
> 0
ab + 4 a + 4 b = 3 (2)
a + b 1+ a 1+ b
+
+
=
2
2
2
1+ a 1+ b
a+b
= a + b +1
+
+1 =
+2 = 3.
2
2
2
3=
a. b + 1. a + 1. b
Phi xy ra du ng thc, tc l : a = b = 1. Do x = 0.
l) t 4 a - x = m 0 ; 4 b - x = n 0 th m4 + n4 = a + b 2x.
Phng trnh cho tr thnh : m + n = 4 m 4 + n 4 . Nng ln ly tha bc bn hai v ri thu

gn : 2mn(2m2 + 3mn + 2n2) = 0.
Suy ra m = 0 hoc n = 0, cn nu m, n > 0 th 2m2 + 3mn + 2n2 > 0.
Do x = a , x = b. Ta phi c x a , x b cc cn thc c ngha.
Gi s a b th nghim ca phng trnh cho l x = a.
243. iu kin biu thc c ngha : a2 + b2 0 (a v b khng ng thi bng 0).
t
x 4 + x 2 y 2 + y 4 x 4 + 2x 2 y 2 + y 4 - 2x 2 y 2
=
=
x 2 + xy + y 2
x 2 + xy + y 2
a = x ; 3 b = y , ta c : A =
(x
=
+ y 2 ) - (xy) 2
2
x + xy + y
2
(x
=
+ y 2 + xy )( x 2 + y 2 - xy )
x + y + xy
2
= x 2 + y 2 - xy .
Vy : A = 3 a 2 + 3 b 2 - 3 ab (vi a2 + b2 0).
244. Do A l tng ca hai biu thc dng nn ta c th p dng bt ng thc Cauchy :
A = x2 - x +1 + x2 + x +1 2
x 2 - x + 1. x 2 + x + 1 = 2 4 (x 2 - x + 1)(x 2 + x + 1) =
= 2 4 x 4 + x 2 + 2 2 . ng thc xy ra khi :
x 2 + x + 1 = x 2 - x + 1
x = 0.
4
2
x
+
x
+
1
=
1
Ta c A 2, ng thc xy ra khi x = 0. Vy : min A = 2 x = 0.
47
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
3 l nghim ca phng trnh 3x3 + ax2 + bx + 12 = 0, nn ta c :

3(1 + 3 )3 + a(1 + 3 )2 + b(1 + 3 ) + 12 = 0.
245. V 1 +
Sau khi thc hin cc php bin i, ta c biu thc thu gn :

(4a + b + 42) + (2a + b + 18) 3 = 0.
V a, b Z nn p = 4a + b + 42 Z v q = 2a + b + 18 Z. Ta phi tm cc s nguyn a, b sao
cho p + q 3 = 0.
Nu q 0 th
3 =-
p
, v l. Do q = 0 v t p + q 3 = 0 ta suy ra p = 0.
q
3 l mt nghim ca phng trnh 3x3 + ax2 + bx + 12 = 0 khi v ch khi :

4a + b + 42 = 0
. Suy ra a = - 12 ; b = 6.
2a + b + 18 = 0
Vy 1 +
p p
p3
246. Gi s 3 l s hu t
( l phn s ti gin ). Suy ra : 3 = 3 . Hy chng minh c p
q q
q
p
v q cng chia ht cho 3, tri vi gi thit
l phn s ti gin.
q
3
247. a) Ta c :
Do :
1+ 2 =
1+ 2
= 6 1+ 2 2 + 2 = 6 3 + 2 2 .
1 + 2 . 6 3 - 2 2 = 6 3 + 2 2 . 6 3 - 2 2 = 6 32 - 2 2
= 1.
b) 6 9 + 4 5. 3 2 - 5 = -1 .
248. p dng hng ng thc (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b), ta c :
a 3 = 20 + 14 2 + 20 - 14 2 + 3 3 (20 + 14 2)(20 - 14 2).a a 3 = 40 + 3 3 202 - (14 2) 2 .a

a3 6a 40 = 0 (a 4)(a2 + 4a + 10) = 0. V a2 + 4a + 10 > 0 nn a = 4.
250. A = 2 + 3 - 2 .
251. p dng : (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b).
T x = 3 3 + 3 9 . Suy ra x3 = 12 + 3.3x x3 9x 12 = 0.
252. S dng hng ng thc (A B)3 = A3 B3 3AB(A B). Tnh x3. Kt qu M = 0
253. a) x1 = - 2 ; x2 = 25.
b) t u =
c) t :
u = v3 + 6
x - 9 , v = x - 3 , ta c :
u = v = - 2 x = 1.
3
v = u + 6
x 2 + 32 = y > 0 . Kt qu x = 7.
254. a biu thc v dng : A =
x3 + 1 + 1 +
x 3 + 1 - 1 . p dng | A | + | B | | A + B |
min A = 2 -1 x 0.
255. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy hai ln.
256. t
x = y th 3 x 2 = y 2
258. Ta c : P =
48
(x - a)
P = 23 x + 2
( x - b)
= | x a | + | x b | | x a + b x | = b a (a < b).
www.MATHVN.com
WWW.MATHVN.COM
MAI TRNG MU
Du ng thc xy ra khi (x a)(x b) 0 a x b. Vy min P = b a a x b.

259. V a + b > c ; b + c > a ; c + a > b. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho tng cp s dng
(a + b - c) + (b + c - a)
=b
2
(b + c - a) + (c + a - b)
(b + c - a)(c + a - b)
=c
2
(c + a - b) + (a + b - c)
(c + a - b)(a + b - c)
=a
2
(a + b - c)(b + c - a)
Cc v ca 3 bt dng thc trn u dng. Nhn 3 bt ng thc ny theo tng v ta c bt

ng thc cn chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi :
a + b c = b + c a = c + a b a = b = c (tam gic u).
260. x - y = (x - y) 2 = (x + y)2 - 4xy = 4 + 4 = 2 2 .
261. 2A = (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2.
Ta c : c a = - (a c) = - [(a b) + (b c)] = - ( 2 + 1 + 2 - 1) = - 2 2 .
Do : 2A = ( 2 + 1)2 + ( 2 - 1)2 + (-2 2 )2 = 14. Suy ra A = 7.
262. a pt v dng :
) (
263. Nu 1 x 2 th y = 2.
264. t :
) (
x - 2 -1 +
x - 1 = y 0. M = x - 1
y-3 -2 +
z - 5 - 3 = 0.
)(
x -1 + 2 3 - x -1 .
265. Gi cc kch thc ca hnh ch nht l x, y. Vi mi x, y ta c : x2 + y2 2xy. Nhng x2

+ y2 = (8 2 )2 = 128, nn xy 64. Do : max xy = 64 x = y = 8.
266. Vi mi a, b ta lun c : a2 + b2 2ab. Nhng a2 + b2 = c2 (nh l Pytago) nn :
c2 2ab 2c2 a2 +b2 + 2ab 2c2 (a + b)2 c 2 a + b c
Du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi a = b.
267. Bin i ta c :
a 'b - ab '
) +(
2
a 'c - ac'
) +(
2
b 'c - bc'
a+b
.
2
=0
268. 2 x - 1 ; 1 x 2.
---------------Ht---------------
49
www.MATHVN.com

268 BT Boiduong HSG Toan9

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

268 BT Boiduong HSG Toan9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WWW.MATHVN.

c) Cho a, b > 0 v 3a + 5b = 12. Tm gi tr ln nht ca tch P = ab.

17. So snh cc s thc sau (khng dng my tnh) :

19. Gii phng trnh : 3x 2 + 6x + 7 + 5x 2 + 10x + 21 = 5 - 2x - x 2 .

23. Cho cc s x v y cng du. Chng minh rng :

24. Chng minh rng cc s sau l s v t :

25. C hai s v t dng no m tng l s hu t khng ?

28. Chng minh rng tng ca mt s hu t vi mt s v t l mt s v t.

34. Tm gi tr nh nht ca : A = x2 + y2 bit x + y = 4.

40. Cho s nguyn dng a. Xt cc s c dng : a + 15 ; a + 30 ; a + 45 ; ; a + 15n.

c) Gii phng trnh :

43. Gii phng trnh : 2x 2 - 8x - 3 x 2 - 4x - 5 = 12 .

45. Gii phng trnh :

46. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A =

49. Vi gi tr no ca x, biu thc sau t gi tr nh nht : A = 1 - 1 - 6x + 9x 2 + (3x - 1) 2 .

52. Tm cc s x, y, z tha mn ng thc : (2x - y) 2 + (y - 2)2 + (x + y + z) 2 = 0

55. Cho hai s thc x v y tha mn cc iu kin : xy = 1 v x > y. CMR:

56. Rt gn cc biu thc :

57. Chng minh rng

58. Rt gn cc biu thc :

60. Cho biu thc : A = x - x 2 - 4x + 4

62. Cho a + b + c = 0 ; a, b, c 0. Chng minh ng thc :

64. Tm x sao cho : x 2 - 3 + 3 x 2 .

67. Cho biu thc : A =

a) Tm gi tr ca x biu thc A c ngha.

72. Cho biu thc A = 7 + 4 3 + 7 - 4 3 . Tnh gi tr ca A theo hai cch.

75. Hy so snh hai s : a = 3 3 - 3 v b=2 2 - 1 ;

77. Rt gn biu thc : Q =

78. Cho P = 14 + 40 + 56 + 140 . Hy biu din P di dng tng ca 3 cn thc bc hai

82. CMR trong cc s 2b + c - 2 ad ; 2c + d - 2 ab ; 2d + a - 2 bc ; 2a + b - 2 cd c t

87. Chng minh rng nu cc on thng c di a, b, c lp c thnh mt tam gic th cc

90. Tnh : A = 3 + 5 + 3 - 5 bng hai cch.

95. Chng minh rng nu a, b > 0 th

97. Chng minh cc ng thc sau : a)

100. Cho hng ng thc :

(a, b > 0 v a2 b > 0).

101. Xc nh gi tr cc biu thc sau :

105. Rt gn biu thc : A =

106. Rt gn cc biu thc sau : a)

107. Chng minh cc hng ng thc vi b 0 ; a

108. Rt gn biu thc : A =

110. Chng minh bt ng thc :

116. Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca A = 2x + 3y bit 2x2 + 3y2 5.

119. Gii phng trnh :

120. Gii phng trnh : 3x 2 + 21x + 18 + 2 x 2 + 7x + 7 = 2

123. Chng minh x - 2 + 4 - x 2 .

125. Chng minh (a + b)(c + d) ac + bd vi a, b, c, d > 0.

131. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca A = 1 - x + 1 + x .

135. Tm GTNN ca A = x + y bit x, y > 0 tha mn

136. Tm GTNN ca A = (x + y)(x + z) vi x, y, z > 0 , xyz(x + y + z) = 1.

142. Gii cc phng trnh sau :

143. Rt gn biu thc : A = 2 2 - 5 + 3 2

144. Chng minh rng, "n Z+ , ta lun c : 1 +

149. Gii cc phng trnh sau :

10 - 2 . Chng minh rng a l s t nhin.

. b c phi l s t nhin khng ?

150. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc :

159. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau vi a =

160. Chng minh cc ng thc sau :

161. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau :

169. Rt gn cc biu thc sau :

173. Cho a = 1997 - 1996 ; b = 1998 - 1997 . So snh a vi b, s no ln hn ?

180. Gii phng trnh : x 2 + 2x - 9 = 6 + 4x + 2x 2 .