Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management studies are of recent origin but management is as old as man’s need
for organizing work and activities. Management now has become a ‘discipline’.
Numerous Management Gurus have emerged. They have been defining,
redefining and commenting on the scope and nature of Management. Question
as to whether Management is a Science or an Art has been resolved by saying
that Management is the “oldest of the arts and youngest of the sciences”.
It is not only the scope but also the nature of Management that demands proper
understanding. How the various “parts” of an organisation relate to their “whole”
and what contribution they make to its efficient and productive working are
important issues. Looked at from these considerations, an organisation needs to
devise standards for measuring its performance. Here, the distinction between
efficiency and effectiveness assumes significance.