TRNG THPT BI TH XUN

MN: HA HC
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CNG N TP HC K I NM HC 2010-2011.
MN: HO 10 - C BN

A. KIN THC CN NM VNG.

I./. Nguyn t.
- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t, c im cc loi ht c bn.
- in tch ht nhn, s n v in tch ht nhn, s khi, s hiu nguyn t, k hiu nguyn t,
nguyn t ho hc.
- ng v v cch tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh.
- Vit c cu hnh electron, xc nh c lp electron v phn lp electron, s electron lp
ngoi cng v c im ca n.
II./. Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
- Nguyn tc sp xp.
- Th no l nguyn t, chu k, nhm nguyn t, c im ca chu k, nhm A.
- Nguyn nhn v qui lut bin i tun hon tnh cht v i lng vt l trong chu k v nhm A.
- nh lut tun hon.
- Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t ca nguyn t trong BTH khi bit s hiu nguyn t v ngc li.
III./. Lin kt ho hc.
- S hnh thnh ion v lin kt ion, xc nh in ha tr trong lin kt ion.
- S hnh thnh lin kt cng ho tr, vit c cng thc cu to, xc nh c cng ha tr ca
cc cht:
- m in v lin kt ho hc.
IV./. Phn ng oxi ho kh.
- Xc nh c s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.
- Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho kh theo phng php thng bng electron.
- Cn bng c cc phn ng oxi ha-kh.
B. BI TP VN DNG.
I./. Bi tp trong sch gio khoa v sch bi tp.
II./. Mt s bi tp tham kho.
Cu 1. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguy t: 9X, 13Y 15Z, 17T, 21A, 24B, 29D v cho bit
chng thuc nguyn t g? (kim loi, phi im hay kh him)
Cu 2. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion sau: Na +, Ca2+, Al3+, Cl-, S2-. Bit s hiu nguyn t ca Na
=11, Ca = 20, Al =13, Cl = 17, S = 16).
Cu 3. Ion M+ v X2 u c cu hnh electron nh sau : 1s22s22p63s23p6.
a) Vit cu hnh electron ca M v X.
b) Tnh tng s ht mang in ca hp cht to t 2 ion trn ?
Cu 4. Nguyn t X c tng cc ht c bn l 82. Ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22.
a) Xc nh s khi A, s hiu nguyn t Z ca nguyn t nguyn t X.
b) Xc nh s lng cc ht c bn trong ion X2+ v vit cu hnh electron ca ion .
Cu 5 Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v khng mang in l 46. Trong s
ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 14 ht. Xc nh s khi A, s hiu nguyn t Z
ca R.
Cu 6. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 60. Trong ht nhn s ht khng mang v s ht
mang in l nh nhau. Vit k hiu ca nguyn t X
Cu 7. Trong t nhin ng c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu, oxi c 3 ng v l 16O ; 17O ; 18O. Hy cho
bit c th c bao nhiu cng thc oxit to bi ng (II) v oxi.
Cu 8. Nguyn t Clo 2 ng v bn l: 35Cl: 75,77% v 37Cl: 24,23% Tnh s nguyn t ca tng
ng v trong mt mol nguyn t clo v nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo.

Cu 9. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. ng c hai ng v bit 65Cu chim 27%. Tnh
nguyn t khi ca ng v th hai.
Cu 10: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c Z = 17. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng tun hon.
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Cu 11. Cho nguyn t c k hiu nguyn t l: 19 K .
a) Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr ca K trong BTH.
b) Xc nh ho tr cao nht i vi oxi, cng thc oxit cao nht. cng thc hidroxit ca K.
Cu 12: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron: 1s 22s22p63s23p3. Xc nh v tr ca X trong
BTH. Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht kh vi hidro ca X.
Cu 13: Nguyn t X chu k 4 nhm IIA trong BTH. Vit cu hnh electron ca X v cng thc oxit
cao nht v hidroxit ca X.
Cu 14 : So snh tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t : 13Al, 19K, 20Ca, 12Mg
Cu 15. Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc chu k 2. Hp cht kh ca R vi hiro c cng thc l H2R.
a) Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng tun hon.
b) R phn ng va vi 12,8 g phi kim X thu c 25,6 g XR2. Xc nh tn nguyn t X.
Cu 16. Hai nguyn t X v Y ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k c tng s proton trong ht nhn
nguyn t l 25. Vit cu hnh electron ca X v Y.
Cu 17. Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc hai chu k lin tip ca cng mt nhm A c tng s proton trong
ht nhn nguyn t l 30. Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong BTH.
Cu 18. Mt nguyn t to hp cht kh vi hiro c cng thc RH 3. Trong oxit cao nht nguyn t
ny chim 25,93% v khi lng. Xc nh khi lng mol nguyn t ca R.
Cu 19. Nguyn t X cho hp cht vi hidro l XH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 72,72% oxi v khi
lng. Xc nh nguyn t X.
Cu 20. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t l R 2O5. Hp cht ca n vi hiro c %H l 8,82%. Tnh
nguyn t khi ca R.
Cu 21. Cho 0,6g mt kim loi A ho tr II, tc dng ht vi nc th c 0,336 lt hidro thot ra (
ktc). Xc nh kim loi A.
Cu 22: 5,85 gam mt kim loi M nhm IA phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 11,175gam
mui. Xc nh kim loi M
Cu 23. Cho 0,7 mol oxit cao nht ca nguyn t X nhm IIIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th thu
c 187,25 gam mui. Tm nguyn t X.
Cu 24. Vit phng trnh biu din s hnh thnh cc ion v xc nh in ha tr ca n: Na +, Ca2+,
Al3+, S2-, ClCu 25. Vit cng thc electron, CTCT v xc nh cng ha tr ca cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht
sau: O2 ,N2, H2O, CH4, C2H4, C2H6O, HNO3, CO2, N2O5, P2O5, Cl2O7, PH3.
Cu 26. Lin kt ha hc trong cc hp cht: CaO, Na 2O, NH3, PH3, HNO3, H2SO4 thuc lin kt g?
V sao? (S dng bng gi tr m in sgk/45)

Cu 27. Xc nh s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht v ion sau: N2O, Cl2O7, NO3 ,

ClO , ClO-, NO2, HNO3, HClO3, NO2. KMnO4, SO42-, K2Cr2O7.

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Cu 28: Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron.
a./. NH3 + CuO Cu + N2 + H2O
b./. C + HNO3 CO2 + NO2 + H2O
c./. Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
d./. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2 + H2O
e./. Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3 + H2O
f./. KClO3 KCl + O2
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Cu 7: C cc nguyn t 14N; 15N v 16O; 17O; 18O. Vy c bao nhiu phn t NO 2 c to nn t cc

nguyn t trn. Vit cng thc ca cc phn t .