master04_background

HVDC Basics, Its Operation and Maintenance

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Basics of HVDC Transmission

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WHAT IS HVDC ? HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT

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Why HVDC ?
CONVENTIONALLY POWER TRANSMISSION IS THROUGH HVAC SYSTEMS ALL OVER THE WORLD. HVAC TRANSMISSION IS HAVING SEVERAL LIMITATIONS LIKE LINE LENGTH , UNCONTROLLED POWER FLOW, OVER/LOW VOLTAGES, DURING LIGHTLY / OVER LOADED CONDITIONS,STABILITY PROBLEMS,FAULT ISOLATION ETC CONSIDERING THE DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC SYSTEM AND THE ADVANTAGES OF HVDC TRANSMISSION , POWERGRID HAS CHOOSEN HVDC TRANSMISSION FOR TRANSFERRING BULK POWER AND INTER REGIONAL LINKS
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Advantages of HVDC
Asynchronous Interconnection Control / Regulation of Power flow Bulk Power transmission for long distance No Reactive power losses AC system Sta ili!ation "ault Isolation Ca le #ransmission
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Asynchronous Interconnection
BACK to BACK STATION

Interconnection between two independently controlled AC Systems without any transmission line. Rectifier and Inverter are installed at the same station

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Types of HVDC...
HV DC is the unique s o lutio n to inte rc o nne c t a s ync hro no us s ys te m s o r g rids w ith diffe re nt fre que nc ie s . S o lutio n: HV DC B a c k-to -B a c k
Back-to-Back Station

U p to 6 0 0 M W

AC

AC

50 Hz

60 Hz
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Contro of !o"er
Power flow can be regulated / controlled at any desired level between ma . and min. limit of the station between two AC systems in either direction. Auto Power control for any system criticality / e igencies in either connected system.
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B#$% !&W'( T(A)*+I**I&)

!arge amount of power can be transmitted over long "#$C !ines due to no reactance. %ransmitted $C power& Pdc ' #dc ( Idc Cheaper as compared to "#AC system over considerable distances. Convenient for transmitting huge power from generating point to heavy load centres.
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COST: AC vs DC Transmissi n!

Line Cost AC

Line Cost DC

Terminal Cost DC Terminal Cost AC Break Eve D!"#a $e

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)o (eactive !o"er $osses

)o reactive power losses in $C %ransmission due to absence of reactive components in $C networ*.

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AC *ystem *ta,i i-ation

Stabili+ation of parallel AC networ*. Power swings in either AC networ* can be damped by power modulation. Sub synchronous fre,uencies of generator can be damped.

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.A#$T I*&$ATI&)
" As # $% AC n&$' r(s ar& is )a$&* &)&+$ri+a)),- s,s$&m .a/)$s . n& AC n&$' r( 'i)) n $ a..&+$ $%& $%&r0

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Types of HVDC...
HV DC is the unique s o lutio n to inte rc o nne c t a s ync hro no us s ys te m s o r g rids w ith diffe re nt fre que nc ie s . S o lutio n: HV DC B a c k-to -B a c k
Back-to-Back Station

U p to 6 0 0 M W

AC

AC

50 Hz

60 Hz
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ASYNCHRONOUS LINKS IN INDIA

NR NR

NER NER

ER ER
VINDYACHAL %N&W' ( )*)+, MW CHANDRAPUR %W&S'( )*+,, MW VI-AG %E&S' & )*+,, MW SASARAM %E&N' & .*+,, MW

SR SR

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Types of HVDC... HV DC re re s e nts

the m o s t e c o no m ic a l s o lutio n to tra ns m it e le c tric a l e ne rg y o !e r dis ta nc e s g re a te r tha n a ro ". # $ $ km S o lutio n: HV DC % o ng Dis ta nc e

Long Distance Transmission

U p to 3 0 0 0 M W

AC

AC

DC lin e
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HVDC BIPOLAR LINKS IN INDIA

NR NR

NER NER

ER ER
RIHAND&DELHI&& )*/+, MW WITH IN REGION CHANDRAPUR&PADGE ( )* /+, MW WITH IN REGION TALCHER&KOLAR ( )*.,,, MW ER TO SR SILERU&BARASORE& ) 0 .,, MW E0PERIMENTAL PRO1ECT WR (SR

SR SR

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Types of HVDC...

HV DC is a n a lte rna ti!e fo r s u&m a rine tra ns m is s io n. ' c o no m ic a l e !e n fo r s ho rte r dis ta nc e s s uc h a s a fe w ( $ km ) m ile s S o lutio n: HV DC C a &le
Long Submarine Transmission

U p to 6 0 0 M W

AC

AC

DC c a & le
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1asi+ C n.i2/ra$i n 3 HVDC

DC AC SYSTEMA TERM I NAL A TRANSM I SSI ON 4I56 TERM I NAL B AC SYSTEMB

4 d

I *

Pd = Vd I d

4 *

Vd FI LTER FI LTER

21

Hi2% )i2%$s . vari /s HVDC )in(s! " 1,7ass arran2&m&n$ 8&90 1%a*ra'a$i:a;/'a(a< " = '&r r*&r s&$$in2 " >inim/m = '&r . r *&#) +(in2 " ?am7in2 ra$& varia$i n " ?/n 1a+( s,s$&ms @ = '&r D&man* Ov&rri*&s 8=DOs< " A/$ ma$i+ Ai)$&r s'i$+%in2 . r ?&a+$iv& 7 '&r r&B/ir&m&n$
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Thyristor *tructure /01 Ca$% *&

C/rr&n$ *ir&+$i n

:a$& '%&r& $%& 2a$& 7/)s& 2 &s0 T%& CarmsC ar& $%&r& $ s7r&a* $%& $%& +/rr&n$ v&r $%& s/r.a+&0 I. n $- ) +a) %i2% +/rr&n$s + /)* #/rn $%& si)i+ n0

T%& #a+( si*& is an *&0 T%& +/rr&n$ 2 &s ri2%$ $%r /2% $%& si)i+ n 'a.&r0

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Thyristor *tructure /31

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!age 4

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Thyristor Caracteristic T%& $%,ris$ r is ./)), $/rn&* n an* $%& ava)an+%& %as #&2/n 8On& &)&+$r n %i$s $%&r &)&+$r ns $%a$ )&av&s $%& +r,s$a) 2ri* an* in $/rn %i$s n&' n&s an* s n0<

T%& $%,ris$ r %as n), sma)) )&a(a2& +/rr&n$s0

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!age 5

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$ine Commutated Converters

Three !hase Diode (ectifier

Transformer vo tages6

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!age 7

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Wave *hapes of a Three !hase Diod (ectifier

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!age 08

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+ean Va ue of a Three !hase Diode (ectifier 1 3 5

W& + nsi*&r $%& /77&r 337/)s& 2r /7 .irs$ 3 7/)s&s 7&r 7&ri *0 T%& ) '&r 337/)s& 2r /7 2iv&s $%& sam& + n$ri#/$i n 8%as $%& sam& ar&a< V:

D is $%& 7%as& $ 7%as& va)/&0

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!age 00

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Commutation of the Current in a Three !hase Diode (ectifier

S/77 s& $%a$ *i *& E1 is n an* E3 is .ir&* an* s$ar$s $ + n*/+$0 D/& $ $%& $rans. rm&r in*/+$an+& $%& E1 *i *& + n$in/&s $ + n*/+$ /n$i) $%& s$ r&* ma2n&$i+ &n&r2, in $%& 'in*in2 is 2 n&0 D/rin2 $%& + mm/$a$i n- *i *& E1 an* E3 s%ar& I*0 i*1 is r&*/+&* an* i*3 in+r&as&*0

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!age 03

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Vo tage Drop Due to the &ver ap Can be achieved (complicated to derive) from the sum of the current chan es throu h the inductance durin ! period" In this converter it is 6 times"

U d = 6 f L Id = 6

3 L Id = L Id 2

Id

$ectified 3 mean value U d = !"3# U

L Id
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!age 09

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Three !hase Thyristor Bridge

?&+$i.i&* m&an va)/& . r F0 an* + nsi*&rin2 $%& v&r)a7 :

U d = !"3# U cos

3 L Id
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!age 02

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The (ectifier Vo tage

U d = !"3# U cos

3 L Id
32
!age 0:

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The Inverter Vo tage

+ + =

After evaluation

U d = (!"3# U cos

3 L Id )

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!age 07

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.ormu as

?&+$i.i&r m *&
U d = !"3# U cos 3 L Id

Inv&r$&r m *&
U d = (!"3# U cos 3 L Id )

Ov&r)a7
cos( + ) = cos 2 L Id U

+ + =
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!age 38

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';tinction of the Ava anche Current in the Thyristor

Current in $%& + n*/+$in2 $%,ris$ r #&. r& $%& &9$in+$i n s$ar$s0

T%& +/rr&n$ *&riva$iv& */rin2 &9$in+$i n0 T%& s) 7& *&7&n*s n &9$&rna) + m7 n&n$s0

D/rin2 $%is $im& $%& +%ar2&s +r&a$&* */rin2 $%& ava)an+%&r&3+ m#in& */& $ $%& r&v&rs&* 7 )ari$,0

Vo tage a+r ss $%& + n*/+$in2 $%,ris$ r $B is an im7 r$an$ 7aram&$&r . r a $%,ris$ r0

5&2a$iv& v )$a2& */& $ $%a$ $%& . )) 'in2 $%,ris$ r is .ir&* an* + nn&+$s i$s 7%as& v )$a2& $ $%& + mm n +a$% *& si*&0 35
!age 3<

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Damping Circuit Components in a Typica HVDC Va ve

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!age 39

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HVDC Contro *ystem 0

HVDC + n$r ) s,s$&m

T inv&r$&r

r*&r

= '&r + n$r )

r*&r

=m

C/rr&n$ + n$r ) am7)i.i&r

C nv&r$&r /ni$ .irin2 + n$r )

I*

Ir&s7 D* r&s7

ns&

ns&

V )$a2& m&as/rin2 s,s$&m

37
!age <9

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HVDC Contro *ystem 3

38
!age <2

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6)imina$in2 Harm ni+s

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!age 98

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' iminating Harmonics

) "er!e" $2 e$#e3 4&567"e $2 ver#er". N2#e #8a# #8e9 are $2 e$#e3 ! 5ara77e7 2 #8e e#:2rk "!3e. O e 4&567"e ;r265 !" Y/ $2 e$#e3, re"67#! ; ! a <, 3e;ree" 58a"e "8!=# ! &>e#:ee #8e ;r265". F!r! ;" 8e $e 2$$6r ever9 <, 3e;ree". %.) * <, ? <4,' 40
!age 93

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' iminating of the 2th and 5th Harmonics

one >?> 4@pu se group

Currents are seen in one of the three phases on the net"or= side of the transformers

A one >?D 4@pu se group

B one 03@pu se group

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!age 9<

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Harmonics from a 03@pu se Bridge

Converter ac harmonic currents as a function of direct current /Id nom B 0288 A1

200 180 160 140 120 Amps 100 80 60 40 20 0
10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 20 0 40 0 60 0 80 0

11 13 23 35

Dire ct curre nt /A1

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!age 92

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Harm ni+ Ai)$&rs

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!age 9:

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Typica .i ter ayout

AC )et"or=

Thyristor va ve

.i ter ,an=s

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!age 97

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.i ter *"itching *eCuences

'f
(ilter reactive po)er

(! (! (! (2

(2

(3

%& DC po)er transmission

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!age 22

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(eactive !o"er #n,a ance When *"itching .i ters

Converter reactive po"er compensation needed.

S86 # Ba k ) S86 # Ba k S86 # Ba k . C2A5e "a#!2 T2#a7 6 >a7a $e

I3

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!age 24

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T%& HVDC S$a$i n an* i$s + m7 n&n$s

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!age 25

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A M2 2&527ar C2 ver#er S#a#!2

AC "!3e

DC "!3e

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!age 2:

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A Convertor *tation 0

A Dra"ing of Danne,o Convertor *tation

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!age 27

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A C2 ver#er S#a#!2 )

Tra "A!""!2 7! e 2r $a>7e

SA22#8! ; rea$#2r C2 ver#er

AC >6"

DC =!7#er S86 # $a5a$!#2r" 2r 2#8er rea$#!ve eB6!5Ae #

AC =!7#er" Te7e$2AA6 !$a#!2 C2 #r27 "9"#eA

CC

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!age 48

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The HVDC *tation 0

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!age 40

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The HVDC *tation 3

AC ,ar*
11$% %arm ni+ .i)$&r 13$% %arm ni+ .i)$&r

C nv&r$&r
Va)v& %a))

DC ,ar*

= )& )in&

DC .i)$&r Hi2%3 7ass .i)$&r Hi2%3 7ass .i)$&r 13$% %arm ni+ .i)$&r = )& )in& 11$% %arm ni+ .i)$&r

6)&+$r *& )in&s

AC #/s

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!age 43

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S! ;7e L! e D!a;raA 2= a Rea7 S9"#eA

53
!age 4<

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Damping Circuit Components in a Thyristor Va ve

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!age 49

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A Thyristor Va ve

A +odu e "ith 4 Thyristors and its *urrounding Components

A Va ve in the *andy !ond Converter *tation 55

!age 42

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AC@fi ter Ban=D *u,@,an= and Branch

*an+

,ub-ban+

*ranch

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!age 50

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HVDC 4in( V )$a2& =r .i)&

+' C ,*- *' + Vdio
+

*0 V ' + , ' +

cos

Vdio * cos

*d .c / *d ' r

*d + %

*d . c /

*d' r DC CABLE o r O/H LI NE

Vd R=Vd o R ! o " #I d $ ! %Er '

Vd I=Vd o I&! o " #I d $ ! %Er '

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Ho" does HVDC &perate?

58

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5O?>A4 =OW6? DI?6CTIO5

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?6V6?S6 =OW6? O=6?ATIO5

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>AI5 CO>=O565TS OA HVDC

10 C nv&r$&r Trans. rm&r 20 Va)v& Ha)) 30 AC Harm ni+ Ai)$&rs 40 S%/n$ Ca7a+i$ rs 50 DC Harm ni+ Ai)$&rs 60 Sm $%in2 ?&a+$ rs 70 DC C/rr&n$ @ V )$a2& m&as/rin2 *&vi+&s 80 Va)v& C )in2 @ V&n$i)a$i n S,s$&m 90 Va)v& Timin2 =T 100 V6SDA 110 6)&+$r *& S$a$i n 62 120 ?&7&a$&r S$a$i n

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Basic Components of HVDC Termina

Converter .mers AC 0armonic 233 +/ filters ,moothin $eactor DC Line

DC Ai)$&r (ilter

DC

DC Ai)$&r

7lectrode station
DC Ai)$&r AC Ai)$&r AC ,hunt DC Ai)$&r AC Ai)$&r

Capacitors

/alve 0all -Th1ristors

/alve Coolin 6 /entilation s1stem

-Control 4 5rotection -Telecommunication 63

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HVDC BAC% T& BAC% *TATI&) VIEAF

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HVDC Bac= to Bac= scheme D Vi-ag

" " " " In$&r+ nn&+$i n . S /$%&rn an* 6as$&rn :ri*s 0 ?a$&* +a7a+i$, : 500>WG S% r$ Tim& +a7a+i$, :650>W >inim/m 7 '&r :50>W H&,7 r& 3 :a;/'a(a 400(V AC D /#)& Cir+/i$ $&rmina$in2 n a D /#)& 1/s#ar n &as$ si*& an* D /#)& 1/s#ars n S /$% si*& + nn&+$in2 $ &9is$in2 400(V AC S/#s$a$i ns0 " H&av, s/r7)/s 7 '&r in 6as$&rn :ri* 8%i2% s,s$&m .r&B/&n+,< an* %&av, s% r$a2& . 7 '&r in S /$%&rn :ri* 8) ' s,s$&m .r&B/&n+, < " 69+%an2& . 7 '&r #&$'&&n 6as$&rn :ri* $ S /$%&rn :ri* $%r /2% HVDC 4in( in a r&2/)a$&* mann&r0 " Im7r vin2 S,s$&m s$a#i)i$, #, a/$ + n$r ) . = '&r $%r /2% = '&r D&man* Ov&rri*&s 8?/n#a+( Si2na)s< in +as& . :ri* 65 Dis$/r#an+&s0

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1asi+ C n$r ) C n+&7$s:

" C r*ina$i n #&$'&&n I I J I I 3 B/i+( J .in& + n$r )0 " Ta7 +%an2&r + n$r ) . C nv0 Trans. rm&r 3 s) ' an* + ars& + n$r )0 " C ns$an$ +/rr&n$ + n$r ) #, ?&+$i.i&r 0 " V )$a2& + n$r ) a$ Inv&r$&r

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Hi&rar+%, . C n$r )s!

" " " " " " S$a$i n C n$r ) ?&a+$iv& = '&r C n$r ) = )& C n$r ) Va)v& C n$r ) Va)v& #as& 6)&+$r ni+s T%,ris$ r Va)v&s

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Hi&rar+%, . C n$r )s!

" Va)v& C )in2 C n$r ) " >an 3 >a+%in& In$&r.a+& 8 O7&ra$ r < : " 1 0>=> 8>as$&r =r +&ss r > ni$ r< " 20 S$a$i n >I>IC =an&)

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>imi+ C n$r ) =an&)!

"6as$&rn AC s,s$&m +ir+/i$s n )&.$ Ai)$&rs H&,7 r& 4in&s 4in& ?&a+$ rs D /#)& 1/s#ar "S /$%&rn AC s,s$&m +ir+/i$s n ri2%$ Ai)$&rs D /#)& #/s#ar "DC S,s$&m C&n$ra) = )& 1 D77&r >i**)& AC@ S$a$i n A/n+$i ns >i**)&
69

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S$a$i n C n$r ) C n$r ) @ O7&ra$in2 > *&s! " S$a$i n C n$r ) > *&s = '&r C n$r ) Ar&B/&n+, C n$r ) = '&r > */)a$i n C n$r ) " O$%&r A/n+$i ns = '&r D&man* Ov&rri*&s 8?/n#a+( <

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" =DO32 : 6as$ S,s$&m AC V )$a2& K 008 70/0 = '&r )&v&) $ 250>W 84imi$ =DO<0 " =DO33 : S /$% 1/s : :a;3VLa )in& $ri77in2

S$a$i n C n$r ) 3 = '&r D&man* Ov&rri*&s 8=DO<@?/n#a+( si2na)s

?&m v&*0
" =DO34 : 6as$ 1/s : H&,7 r& ICTMs r H&,7 r&3 In*rava$i )in& r H&,7 r& >&ram/n*a)i )in& $ri77in20
= '&r )&v&) $ 250>W84imi$ =DO<0

" =DO35 : 6as$ S,s$&m Ar&B a$ 49000H; r #&) ' J *.@*$ 3003H;@S&+0
= '&r )&v&) $ 150>W84imi$ =DO<0

" =DO36 : :a;/'a(a ICT Ov&r) a* 0

= '&r )&v&) $ 250>W84imi$ =DO<0

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?&a+$iv& = '&r C n$r )!

" Ai)$&r @ ?&a+$ r S'i$+%in2 A/$ ma$i+ @ S&mi 3 A/$ ma$i+ @>an/a) " ?&a+$iv& = '&r C n$r ) 5 rma) @ Ov&rri*& 10?&a+$iv& = '&r 69+%an2& > *& D77&r Var 4imi$ O..s&$ D&man* 4 '&r Var 4imi$ O..s&$ D&man* 20AC V )$a2& C n$r ) 8 ACVC> < AC V )$a2& ?&.&r&n+& D&man*

72

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?&a+$iv& = '&r C n$r )!

" A + m#ina$i n . O7&n3) 78+ ars&< an* C) s&* ) 7 + n$r ) $&+%niB/&s0 " O7&n3) 7 + n$r ) : Ai)$&rs an* ?&a+$ rs ar& s'i$+%&* in@ /$ a++ r*in2 $ = '&r Or*&r0 A)'a,s ACTIV60 " C) s&*3) 7 + n$r ) :S'i$+%in2 is #as&* n >&as/r&* Var an* Harm ni+ 7&r. rman+&0 Disa#)&* */rin2 69$r&m& an* 5 n3s$&a*, s$a$& + n*i$i ns0
73

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AC Harm ni+ Ai)$&r =&r. rman+& S7&+i.i+a$i ns!

" Dn 8In*ivi*/a) Harm ni+ Dis$ r$i n< N 6n@67%O100P 100P " TIA8T&)&7% n& In$&r.&r&n+& Aa+$ r<N 86nO An@67%< 3000P " D&.. 8T $a) 6..&+$iv& Dis$ r$i n< N 8 6n@67%O100< 400P " S/mma$i n is .r m nN11 $ nN500 A)) $%&r %arm ni+s ar& n $ + nsi*&r&* 0 W%&r&6n: ?>S Va)/& . n$% Harm ni+ V )$a2& 8=%as& $ :n*< 67%: ?>S Va)/& . A/n*am&n$a) V )$a2& 8=%as& $ :n*<

74

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AC Harm ni+ Ai)$&r =&r. rman+& S7&+i.i+a$i ns 8C n$!<

" H0= #as&* Ai)$&r = in$s : = '&r 4&v&) N 400>W $ 550>W 5 0 . C m#in&* Ai)$&rs N 1 5 0 . DD Ai)$&rs N1 = '&r 4&v&) N 50>W $ 400>W A DD $,7& .i)$&r +an #& *&3&n&r2i;&* 8i. r&B/&s$&* #, C) s&* 4 7 Var C n$r )<0
75

master04_background

= )& C n$r )!
" C nsis$s O. 10 =CCS 8 = )& C n$r ) C mman* S,s$&m< 20 =%as& C n$r ) 30 = )& =r $&+$i n 0

76

master04_background

=CCS 3 C n$r ) Hi&rar+%,!

" S$ar$/7- S$an*#, an* S%/$* 'n S&B/&n+in2 . = )&0 " = '&r C n$r )0 " = '&r Ov&r) a* C n$r ) 0 " V )$a2& an* C/rr&n$ Or*&r :&n&ra$i n as 7&r S$a$i+ +%ara+$&ris$i+s . ?&+$i.i&r J Inv&r$&r0 " Ta7 +%an2&r + n$r )0 " 6s$a#)is%&s C mm/ni+a$i n 'i$% S$a$i n C n$r )- ?&a+$iv& = '&r C n$r ) -Va)v& 77 C n$r ) SCADA >@S J >=>0

master04_background

= )& S&B/&n+in2 8>I>IC@>=><!

" " = )& in In*&7&n*&n$ C n$r ) 81, D&.a/)$< in S%/$ * 'n0 In S$an*#,:
C nv0 $rans. rm&rs &n&r2i;&* 8# $% si*&s< C nv0 $rans. rm&r + )in2 s$ar$s0 Va)v& + )in2 a$ %a). s7&&* 83000 )$s@m<

"

In S&rvi+&:
= '&r *ir&+$i n s&)&+$&*0 : $ S&rvi+&0 Va)v& + )in2 a$ ./)) s7&&*0

78

master04_background

= '&r C n$r )!
" D&#) +(s $%& = )& $ 2iv& =min . 50>W0 " In7/$ B/an$i$i&s 8.r m >I>IC r >=>< $ #& s&)&+$&* J $ #& &9&+/$&*0 " = '&r *&man* a$ *&sir&* )&v&) 0 " = '&r ram7 ra$& 810 3 600>W@m < " = '&r Trans.&r )imi$ 8 7&ra$ r < 0 " = '&r ram7 s$ 7 $ #& &9&+/$&* i. n&&*&* " = '&r ?&v&rsa) n), in IIn S$an*#,M m *&0
79

master04_background

= '&r C n$r )! " 5 rma) ra$in2s 81 7/<:

I*+ N 2475 A V*+ N 205 QV =*+ N 500 >W 4in& 'in*in2 v )$a2& 8V)'< N400(V 8434< Va)v& 'in*in2 v )$a2& 8Vv'< N 93 (V 8434<

" =$r +a)+/)a$&* .r m V*+ J I*+ G

= N V*+ O I*+ 0
80

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= )& 7 '&r $rans.&r +a7a#i)i$,C n$r ) = '&r 4imi$ !

" is *&$&rmin&* #, :
C )in2 &B/i7m&n$ avai)a#i)i$, Am#i&n$ $&m7&ra$/r& AC Harm ni+ Ai)$&r Avai)a#i)i$, C nv&r$&r Trans. rm&r Win*in2 T&m70 S,s$&m V )$a2& 8T 7 $a7 @ Va)v& 'in*in2 )imi$s &9+&&*&*< HA Ai)$&r +/rr&n$ )imi$ 0
81

master04_background

= '&r v&r) a* + n$r )!

" Ca)+/)a$&* as 7&r a# v& .a+$ rs an* *is7)a,&* as an His$ 2ram n >I>IC =an&)0 C mm/ni+a$&s $ S$a$i n C n$r ) J ?=C0 " Im7)&m&n$s 'i$%in $%& +/rr&n$ +a7a#i)i$, . $%& s+%&m& + m#in&* 'i$% $a7+%an2&r 7&ra$i n $ r&s$ r& 6v' $ 1 70/0 " =r vi*&s V*+ 8min< )imi$ si2na) $ ?=C $ 7r&v&n$ v )$a2& r&*/+$i n */& $ ?=> 8?&a+$iv& = '&r > *& < a+$i n +a/sin2 7&ra$i n .r m + n$in/a)), #&in2 r&s$rain&* #, +/rr&n$ +a7a#i)i$, )imi$ 8+a)+/)a$&* J TL < 82 " V* 8)imi$ <N = r*&r @ Ov&r) a* +/rr&n$ +a7a#i)i$,

master04_background

=%as& C n$r )!
" D&$&rmina$i n . .irin2 ins$an$s . $%,ris$ r va)v&s 3 .n 8V r*&r- I)imi$- 7% . AC s,s$&m< " In$&ra+$i n 'i$% &a+% $%&r8+ nv&r$&rs< . r sm $% $ransi$i n #&$'&&n 7&ra$in2 m *&s J sm $% 7&ra$i n . 7 )&0 =%as& ) +(&* s+i))a$ r3 $ 7r vi*& S$a$i+ C%ara+$&ris$i+s0 " T&m7 rar, Ov&r v )$a2& C n$r )0 " > ni$ rin2 J &..&+$in2 *i..&r&n$ + n$r ) ) 7s as 7&r DC@AC S,s$&m + n*i$i ns@ :ri* *is$/r#an+&s0 " S/# s,n+%r n /s Dam7in2 C n$r ) 8SSDC< 0
83

master04_background

S&)&+$i n . T%,ris$ rs!

" Hi2% = '&r ra$in2s : 5 $ 6(V J 4(A " 1i7 )& Tr0 4in&: Hi2% V )$a2& @ 4 ' +/rr&n$ 8$ransmissi n ) ss&s 'i)) #& 4OW6? <0 " 1a+( $ 1a+( s$a$i n : 4 '@ m&*i/m v )$a2& J Hi2% @ m&*i/m +/rr&n$ 8 5 Tr ) ss&s < #/$ = '&r %an*)in2 +a7a+i$, as 7&r r&B/ir&m&n$0 " Vi;a2 ra$in2s: 502 QV J 4 QA 8 :6CA <1OOmm 84

master04_background

T%,ris$ r )&v&) + m7 n&n$s J 7r $&+$i ns!

" T%,ris$ r " Sa$/ra$in2 r&a+$ r 3 Hi2% Inr/s% +/rr&n$s " Sn/##&r +($ 3 Dni. rm v )$a2& *is$ri#/$i n #, 2ra*in2 r&sis$ rs0 " S) ' Dam7in2 +($ 3 v )$a2& .)/+$/a$i n .r m 50H; 3 2(H;0 " Aas$ 2ra*in2 +a7a+i$ r 3 %i2% *v@*$ 8 $ *am7 /$ %i2% .r&B0 V )$a2& .)/+$/a$i ns <
85

master04_background

Divisi n . s&7&ra$&), 7r $&+$&* J v&r)a77in2 ; n&s0

" " " " " " " " " R R R R R R R R R n& 1 : 1/s#ar 7r $&+$i n n& 2 : Ai)$&r In$&r; n& 7r $&+$i n n& 3 : C nv&r$&r Trans. rm&r In$&r; n& n& 4 : C nv&r$&r Trans. rm&rs 7r $&+$i n n& 5 : C nv&$&rs 8HVDC si*&< 7r $&+$i n n& 6 : Harm ni+ Ai)$&rs 7r $&+$i n n& 7 : 4in& In$&r; n&s 7r $&+$i n n& 8 : 4in&s 7r $&+$i n n& 9 : 4in& ?&a+$ rs 7r $&+$i n
86

master04_background

RO56S OA =?OT6CTIO5!

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master04_background

CO5V6?T6? T?A5SAO?>6?

3>&+%ani+a) 7r $&+$i ns:

" " " " " " 1/+%% ); s/r2&0 Oi) T&m7&ra$/r& Hi2%0 Ta7 +%an2&r Oi) S/r2&0 =r&ss/r& ?&)i&. D&vi+&0 Win*in2 T&m7&ra$/r& Hi2%0 Air& 7r $&+$i n0

88

master04_background

HVDC =O46 =?OT6CTIO5S!

" As,mm&$r, =r&s&n+& . A/n*am&n$a) .r&B/&n+, v )$a2&s0 " A*v&rs& Airin2 an2)&Dama2& . T%,ris$ r va)v&s0 " ACFDC Di..&r&n$ia)Va)v& Ha)) Aa/)$s 8S% r$ +ir+/i$s<0 " DCFAC Di..&r&n$ia)8C mm/$a$i n Aai)/r&<0 " AC Ov&r+/rr&n$ 3Va)v& 'in*in2 .a/)$s r C n$r ) 4 7 Aai)/r&0 " DC Di..&r&n$ia) J Ov&r+/rr&n$ C n$r ) .ai)/r& r A)as% v&r n Va)v& 'in*in2s8 $ &ar$%<0 + n$*00000 89

master04_background

HVDC =O46 =?OT6CTIO5S!

" " " " 4in& si*& AC Ov&rv )$a2& Va)v& si*& AC v&rv )$a2& 6ar$% .a/)$3 AC Va)v& + nn&+$i ns0 4 ' AC V )$s 8AC Dn*&rv )$a2&<3 4 ' +%ar2& n $%,ris$ r 2a$& /ni$ 7 '&r s/77)i&s- Dnr&)ia#)& Da$a#a+( in. rma$i n0 " 4 ' I* 8DC C/rr&n$< 3 Aai)/r& *&#) +(in2 . n& . $%& + nv&r$&rs0 " Ta7 4imi$s Ta7 * 'n@ In%i#i$ rais& 8$ 7r&v&n$ ) n2 $&rm v&rv )$a2&s <
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master04_background

HVDC =O46 =?OT6CTIO5S 8Va)v& C n$r )<!

" OT1M 6SC66D6D3 H/n+$i n $&m7&ra$/r& 8TL< $ a 7r&s&$ )&v&) . r a .i9&* $im&0 " OT2 6SC66D6DTL a$ s$ar$ . + n*/+$i n0 " In)&$ $&m7&ra$/r& Dis+r&7an+,3 Si2na)s . r $%& $' $rans*/+&rs *i..&r #, m r& $%an STC " = '&r .ai)/r& $ ==C3000 =r +&ss rT%&rma) ana) 2/& J DC3DC C nv&r$&rs0

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HVDC =O46 =?OT6CTIO5S 8Va)v& 1as& 6)&+$r ni+s<!

" Dam7in2@>/)$i7)& =/)s& ?&sis$ r =r $&+$i n 8>=?=< 3 A2ains$ $%&rma) v&r) a*in2 . *am7in2 r&sis$ rs . T%,ris$ rs0 " ?&.ir& 3 T%,ris$ r 7r $&+$i n0 " C )an$ 4&a( D&$&+$i n3 Hi2% ra$& . )&a(a2& . + )an$0 " =r +&ss r Aai)/r&3
S .$'ar& 'a$+%* 20

" T%,ris$ r ?&*/n*an+, 69+&&*&*3 Aai)/r& . n/m#&r . $%,ris$ rs in a va)v&0

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HVDC =O46 =?OT6CTIO5S Va)v& C )in2 C n$r )!

" V&r, 4 ' A) '3 Tim& *&)a, $ri7 si2na)
K 2700 )$r@min0 K 5400 )$r@min0

" V&r, Hi2% C n*/+$ivi$,

C n*/+$ivi$, . + )an$ F 1 Us@+m a$ 45TC0

" V&r, 4 ' C

4&v&) . +

)an$ 4&v&)
)an$ in $%& &97ansi n $an(0

" V&r, Hi2% In)&$ T&m7&ra$/r&

6..&+$ n TL8ma9<0 V*ama2in2 $%& *&vi+&C0

+ n$!

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HVDC =O46 =?OT6CTIO5S Va)v& C )in2 C n$r )!

" V&r, 4 ' In)&$ T&m7&ra$/r& 3 W r(in2 $&m7&ra$/r& ran2&
T%,ris$ r 'i$%s$an* v )$a2& 8T K 10 TC <0

" Dan2&r Ar m C n*&nsa$i n In T%& Va)v& Ha)) 3 > is$/r& + n*&nsa$i n . rmin2 n $%& va)v&s0 " A/9i)iar, S/77), Aai)/r& 3 415 ICT s/77), .ai)/r& 3 Air 7/m7 $ #& in s&rvi+& 8. r 30 s&+< a$ %a). s7&&*0
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master04_background

Harm ni+ Ai)$&r =r $&+$i ns!

D /#)& Dam7&* Ai)$&r : 106 >VA?0 C m#in&* Ai)$&r: C3T,7& 3 40 >VA?0 DD T,7& 3 66 >VA?0

" >ain Ca7a+i$ r Ov&r) a* =r $&+$i n " Ai)$&r 6ar$% Aa/)$3

Ov&r +/rr&n$ . +a7a+i$ r: A11 $,7& S=AH 160C0 Ins$an$an& /s ID>T C%ara+$&ris$i+ 8>C::22 ?&)a,<0 ./n*am&n$a) v&r +/rr&n$ 8Ins$an$an& /s<0 8>CA:39 ?&)a,< 0 S/s$ain&* %arm ni+ v&r) a* 8> s$), 3r* %arm ni+<0 95 8SAW2A =J1 65::<0

" Ai)$&r Ov&r C/rr&n$ =r $&+$i n

" Ai)$&r ?&sis$ r Ov&r) a* =r $&+$i n3

master04_background

Harm ni+ Ai)$&r =r $&+$i ns!

" Ai)$&r Ca7a+i$ r Dn#a)an+& =r $&+$i n : Dn#a)an+& s+%&m& . r main +a7a+i$ r 1 Can Aai)/r& 3 1s$ s$a2& 3 In.ini$&0 2 Can Aai)/r& 3 2n* s$a2& 3 2 %rs 7&ra$i n0 3 Can Aai)/r& 3 3r* s$a2& 3 Ins$an$an& /s $ri70 8C 7&r 7 '&r s,s$&ms $,7& SW ?&)a,<0

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master04_background

BIPOLAR HVDC STATIONS

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master04_background

TA$CH'( %&$A( *CH'+ATIC

TALCHER

E7e$#r23e S#a#!2 E7e$#r23e S#a#!2

KOLAR

:6- #33 8/ DC line !3;3 8%

D,,kv S9"#eA
*9lore

8olar

0ood1 Cudappah

0osur ,alem Udumalpet %adras

)),kv "9"#eA
Chintamani
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master04_background

HVDC BIPOLE OPERATION " T' $&rmina)s . HVDC 7&ra$&s in >as$&r3S)av& C n.i2/ra$i n0 " A$ an, 7 in$ . $im& n& s$a$i n n&&*s $ %av& mas$&r + n$r )0 " S$a$i n %avin2 mas$&r + n$r ) +an n), 7&r. rm s,s$&m )&v&) ./n+$i ns )i(& #) +(in2@*&#) +(in2 7 )&- 7 '&r + n$r ) &$+0
99

master04_background

HVDC BIPOLE OPERATION O7&ra$in2 ) +a$i ns: 3 4 +a) H>I 3 4 +a) >I>IC 3 ?&m $& H>I 3 4 a* Dis7a$+% C&n$&r

100

master04_background

HVDC CO5AI:D?ATIO5S:
1I=O4A? O=6?ATIO5

TALC07$

8<LA$

101

master04_background

HVDC CO5AI:D?ATIO5S:
= )& 1 :? 7&ra$i n

TALC07$

8<LA$

102

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HVDC CO5AI:D?ATIO5S:
= )& 2 :? 7&ra$i n

TALC07$

8<LA$

103

master04_background

HVDC CO5AI:D?ATIO5S:
= )& 1 >? 7&ra$i n

TALC07$

8<LA$

104

master04_background

HVDC CO5AI:D?ATIO5S:
= )& 2 >? 7&ra$i n

TALC07$

8<LA$

105

master04_background

THANK YOU

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