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HA HC: 0979.817.885
Hidrocacbon no l nhng hp cht hu c ch c cha 2 nguyn t Cacbon v hidro vi dng lin kt n gia
hai nguyn t ny. Dng mch ca hidrocacbon no c th tn ti hai dng l: Mch h (nhnh v thng) v mch
vng. Nhng trong khun kh ca ti liu ny, thy s i vo ch yu l mng mch h. Bi v dng mch h l dng
ch yu c trong cc kim tra 15 pht cng nh 45 pht.
HIROCACBON NO MCH H
ANKAN
I. KHI NIM
...............................................................................................................................................................................................
V d:
H H
H C
H C H
H
CH4
H H H
C H
CH3 CH3
H C
H H
C H
H H H
C3H8
C2H6
Tp Ch Ha Hc & Tui Tr
www.hoahoc.org
Mi s sao chp v s dng ti liu ca hoahoc.org cn ghi r ngun trch dn (Trch theo: www.hoahoc.org)
C1
C4
C2
C
C
C5
C3
C
C
C
Vi cc ankan khi vit ng phn th ta da vo mch cacbon ca cc trng hp c lit k trn v sau
in v s lng ca nguyn t H sao cho C m bo l lun c ha tr 4.
III. DANH PHP
1. Mt s tn thng thng hay gp
2. Tn thay th
Xc nh mch: Mch cacbon di nht, nhiu nhnh nht
nh s ch mch chnh: Xut pht t u pha c mch nhnh, sao cho tng s ch v tr ca nhnh l nh nht.
Tn = [S ch v tr nhnh] + [Tn nhnh (tn gc ankyl)] + [Tn mch chnh] + [an]
Lu :
+ Nu c nhiu nhnh ging nhau ta dng thm cc tin t: i (2); tri (3)
+ Vi 2 nhnh khc nhau, ta gi nhnh trc sau theo th t bng ch ci:
V d: Etyl c gi trc Metyl (E ng trc M)
+ Gia phn s v ch lun c cch nhau bi du [-]
V d p dng:
C
C C C C
C C
C
C C C
C
C C
C C C
...............................................................................................................................................................................................
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 Ym: netthubuon : admin@hoahoc.org Fb: facebook.com/hoahoc.org
HA HC: 0979.817.885
V d nng cao:
C
C
C
C
C1
C2
C4
C3
C5
C
C
V d: Vit sn phm ca phn ng th gia: Etan v propan vi clo (iu kin nh sng; t l 1 : 1)
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Tp Ch Ha Hc & Tui Tr
www.hoahoc.org
Mi s sao chp v s dng ti liu ca hoahoc.org cn ghi r ngun trch dn (Trch theo: www.hoahoc.org)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................
IV. TNH CHT L HA
+ Ankan t: C1 => C4 th kh
+ Cc ankan tham gia ch yu l cc phn ng th, phn ng tch, phn ng chy
1. Phn ng th (iu kin: nh sng; t l th thng l 1 : 1)
xt c phn ng ny, chng ta cn quan tm ti tnh i xng ca phn t Ankan
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
a/s 1 : 1
..................................................................................
C
C
C
a/s 1 : 1
...................................................................................
a/s 1 : 1
...............................................................................
2. Phn ng tch
a. Tch H2
0
t , xt, p
H H
H H
b. B gy mch Cacbon (phn ng Cracking)
H
C
t , xt, p
C
C n H 2 n 2
HA HC: 0979.817.885
3n 1
O 2
nCO 2 n 1 H 2O
2
Hidrocacbon
Hidrocacbon l Ankan
CTPT : Hidrocacbon l: C n H 2 n 2
nCO n H O
2
n 1
IV. IU CH - NG DNG
1. iu ch: (PTN)
t
R COONa NaOH
R H Na2CO 3
CaO
0
2. ng dng:
(Cc em c th tham kho qua s t duy sau)
Tp Ch Ha Hc & Tui Tr
www.hoahoc.org
Mi s sao chp v s dng ti liu ca hoahoc.org cn ghi r ngun trch dn (Trch theo: www.hoahoc.org)
nH O nCO nAnkan