My in B mn Thit b in

My in
- Gii thiu mn hc
- Cc nguyn l ca qu trnh bin i
in c
My in B mn Thit b in
Ti liu tham kho
Ti liu tham kho:
[1] A. E. Fitzgerald, C. Kingsley, and S. D. Umans, Electric
Machinery, 6th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
[2] Chee Mung Ong, Electric Machinery Mathlab Simulation,
Prentice Hall 1998.
[3] P. Krause, D. Wasynczuk, and S. D. Sudhoff, Analysis of
Electric Machinery, IEEE Press, 2002.
www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~nntu
Gio trnh: K thut in 2 (My in quay),
Nguyn Hu Phc
My in B mn Thit b in
nh gi
- S tn ch :3(3.1.4)
- S tit - Tng: 60, LT:45, BT:15
- CTT ngnh in nng
- nh gi:
im th 1 :30%Kim tra vit gia k (75')
im th 2 :70%Thi vit cui k (120)
- Mn hc trc: - Bin i nng lng in c
My in B mn Thit b in
Ni dung
CHNG 1 : Cc nguyn l ca qu trnh bin i in
c
CHNG 2: My bin p
CHNG 3 : Cc vn c bn ca my in quay
CHNG 4 : My in khng ng b 3 pha
CHNG 5 : My in ng b
CHNG 6 : My in mt chiu
CHNG 7: Cc loi ng c khc
My in B mn Thit b in
Cc nguyn l ca qu trnh bin i nng lng in c:
S cn bng nng lng
H thng in
Kt ni
in-c
H thng
c
v, i,
f
e
, x hay T
e
, u
Tc thay i
nng lng d tr
Cng sut
in vo
Cng sut
c ra
=
_
dt
dx
f
dt
d
i
dt
dx
f vi
dt
dW
e e m
= =

dx f id dW
e
m
= hay
My in B mn Thit b in
S thay i ca nng lng d tr khi i t a ti b trong min x c lp
vi ng tch phn. Vi ng A
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
} }
+ =
b
a
b
a
d x i dx x f x W x W
b
x
x
a
e
a a m b b m

, , , ,
ng B
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
} }
=
b
a
b
a
x
x
b
e
a a a m b b m
dx x f d x i x W x W , , , ,

C hai cch u phi cho ra cng kt qu. Nu

a
= 0, th lc t bng 0, v th
ng A d dng hn
( ) ( ) ( )
}
=
b
d x i x W x W
b a m b b m


0
, , 0 ,
Tng qut
( ) ( )
}
=


0
, , d x i x W
m
S cn bng nng lng
My in B mn Thit b in
ng tch phn trong min -x
( ) ( )
}
=


0
, , d x i x W
m
( ) ( ) ( )
}
=
b
d x i x W x W
b a m b b m


0
, , 0 ,
Theo ng A:
x
a
x
b
x

a
B
B
A
A
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
Nu
a
= 0, th lc t bng 0
My in B mn Thit b in
tnh W
m
(, x), cn tnh i = i(, x). Tuy nhin vic ny kh phc tp, nn
vic tnh f
e
trc tip t = (i, x) s thun tin hn.
dx f id dW
e
m
= ( ) di id i d + = ( ) di i d id =
( ) dx f di i d dW
e
m
= ( ) dx f di W i d
e
m
+ =
nh ngha ca ng nng lng
( ) x i W W W i
m m m
,
' '
= =
Tng t nh phn nng lng (min i-x)
( ) ( )
}
=
i
m
di x i x i W
0
'
, ,
dx
x
W
di
i
W
dW
m m
m
c
c
+
c
c
=
' '
'
Ta c,

f
e
ng nng lng
My in B mn Thit b in
S cn bng nng lng
Trng hp c 2 cun dy,
Trng hp tng qut c n cun dy,
2 2
11 1 12 1 2 22 2
1 1
'
2 2
m
W L i L i i L i = + +
1 1
1
'
2
n n
m pq p q
p q
W L i i
= =
=

My in B mn Thit b in
S cn bng nng lng
Xt h thng in c sau,
x
x
0
N
i
L
r
V
+
-
K
f
e
B
M
|
f
0
My in B mn Thit b in
S cn bng nng lng
Phng trnh cn bng in p-
Phng trnh cn bng lc-
di
V ri L
dt
= +
2
0 0
2
( )
e
dx dx
M B K x x f f
dt dt
+ + + =
M: khi lng
B: h s tt dn
K: cng l xo
f
0
l ngoi lc
My in B mn Thit b in
S cn bng nng lng
Phng trnh nng lng

2
0 0
2
' ( )
e
m
dx dx
W f dx M B K x x f dx
dt dt
| |
|
= = + + +
|
|
\ .
} }

ng
nng
lu
tr
trong
M
Tn
hao
nhit
do
ma
st
Th
nng l
xo
Ngoi
lc
truyn
t
ngun
c
My in B mn Thit b in
Bi tp
Cho h thng sau:
Cun kch t c cp dng
DC xc lp I = 10A, N = 500
vng, g =5mm, a = 20 mm,
b= 2 mm v l = 40mm. Tnh
bin lc tc ng ln
pittng
Gi s li c v b
qua t thng r.
=
Pittng
Phn bc tr khng t tnh
Bn knh trung bnh
ca pittng
Li hnh
tr
N vng
My in B mn Thit b in
Bi tp
Cho h thng nh bi
trc:
Nu dng kch t AC c tr
hiu dng 10A, 50Hz. Xc
nh biu thc tnh lc tc
thi v gi tr lc trung bnh.
Pittng
Phn bc tr khng t tnh
Bn knh ca pittng
Li hnh
tr
N vng
My in B mn Thit b in
Bi tp
Khe h khng kh 1mm. B
qua t tr li thp. Tit din
li l 600mm
2
Tnh N lc tc ng ln
np l 500N
My in B mn Thit b in
Bi tp
L
11
= A L
22
= B
L
12
= L
21
= C.cosu
Tm biu thc moment khi:
a/ i
1
= I
0
i
2
= 0
b/ i
1
= i
2
= I
0
c/ i
1
= I
m
sint i
2
= I
0
d/ i
1
= i
2
= I
m
sint
e/ Cun 1 ngn mch, i
2
= I
0
Cun c nh
Cun quay
My in B mn Thit b in
Sc in ng cm ng
d in
d
e
dt

=
d in
d
e N
dt
u
=
Nu t thng i qua
mt vng dy s cm
ng trong n mt s
cm ng
Cun dy c N
vng
Chiu ca s cm ng sao cho t thng
n sinh ra ngc chiu vi t thng ban
u
My in B mn Thit b in
Sc in ng cm ng
e
ind
= (v x B) l
Sc in ng cm ng
Trong :
v vn tc di ca dy
B mt t trng
l chiu di ca dy trong t trng
B
e
ind
v
v
e
ind
B
My in B mn Thit b in
Lc t
B
B
F
F I
I
( )
F i l B =
Trong :
i dng in chy trong thanh dn
l chiu di, chiu ca l l chiu ca dng in
B mt t trng
My in B mn Thit b in
Chiu ca sc in ng cm ng
v lc in t
Qui tc bn tay phi
Thumb
(resultant force)
Index Finger
(current direction)
Middle
Finger
(Magnetic Flux Direction)
Ngn ci
(chiu F, v)
Ngn tr
(chiu I, B)
Ngn gia
(chiu B, e)
Mu : xc nh chiu
sc in ng cm ng
My in B mn Thit b in
B= 0.25T, l= 1m, I=
0.5A. Tnh F?
B= 0.5T, l= 1m, v= 5m/s.
Tnh e?
B= 0.5T, l= 1m, v= 10m/s
Tnh e?
My in B mn Thit b in
Cc vn c bn ca my in
My in c nng chuyn thnh in
nng hoc ngc li
C nng in nng: My pht
in nng C nng: ng c
My in chuyn i nng lng t dng
ny sang dng khc thng qua t trng
My in B mn Thit b in
Nguyn l hot ng: ng c
ng c
F
F
B
I
I
My in B mn Thit b in
Nguyn l hot ng: My pht
n
v
v
B
e
e
My in B mn Thit b in
Moment v tc
My pht: moment in
t ngc chiu vi chiu
quay (T
PM
=moment ca
ngun c)
ng c: moment in t
ngc chiu vi moment
ti
My in B mn Thit b in
Gin cng sut
ng c
My pht
My in B mn Thit b in
L thuyt in t l c s cho vic gii thch v hot ng ca cc h
thng in v in c.
Cc phng trnh ca Maxwell
Gii thiu Mch t
0
0
= -
= -
-
c
c
= -
- = -
}
}
} }
} }
S
S
f
S C
S
f
C
da n B
da n J
da n
t
B
l d E
da n J l d H
Amperes law
Faradays law
Conservation of charge
Gausss law
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t hnh trn c N vng, bn knh trong r
0
v bn knh ngoi r
1
.
Bn knh trung bnh r = (r
0
+ r
1
) / 2, gi s cng t trng H
c
l u
trong li. Dng nh lut vng Ampere, ta c H
c
(2tr) = Ni. Hoc,
Gii thiu Mch t
Ni l H
c c
=
Trong l
c
= 2tr l chiu di trung bnh ca mch
t. Gi B l mt t thng (hoc t cm) trong li
( )
2
/m Wb
c
c c
l
Ni
H B = =
My in B mn Thit b in
T thng
Trong l thm t ca vt liu, A
c
l tit din ngang ca li.
Gi Ni l sc t ng (mmf), t tr khi c tnh:
Wb
c c
c
c
c c c
A l
Ni
A
l
Ni
A B

| = = =
(At/Wb hay 1/H)
c
c c
l Ni mmf
R
flux A |
= = =
P = 1/R l t dn. T thng mc vng c nh ngha l = N|
c
= PN
2
i.
t cm L ca cun dy
R
P
2
2
N
N
i
L = = =

Gii thiu Mch t
My in B mn Thit b in
S tng ng gia mch in v mch t
e conductanc permeance
resistance reluctance
current flux
voltage mmf

Li xuyn c khe h khng kh (khng tnh t thng tn): Cng

t trng H ging nhau c khe h v li. l
g
chiu di khe h, l
c

chiu di trung bnh ca li. Dc theo ng sc trung bnh c c

c
r
c
g
g
c c g g
l
B
l
B
l H l H Ni
0 0

+ = + =
Trong
0
= 4t x 10
7
H/m l thm t ca khng kh, v
r
l
thm t tng i ca vt liu li.
Gii thiu Mch t
My in B mn Thit b in
p dng nh lut Gauss ti b mt kn s bao quanh mt cc t, B
g
A
g
=
B
c
A
c.
Khi b qua t thng tn, A
g
= A
c
. V vy, B
g
= B
c
. Chia sc t ng
mmf cho t thng tnh t tr tng ng
Trong R
g
v R
c
l t tr ca khe h v li. Hai t tr ny mc ni
tip trong mch t tng ng.
c g
c
c
g
g
A
l
A
l
Ni
R R + = + =
|
0
Nu xt c t thng tn ti cc t, khng phi tt c t thng u i
trong khng gian gii hn gia hai cc t. Lc ny, A
g
> A
c
, lc ny vic
tnh ton s c da vo kinh nghim,
( )( )
g g g c
l b l a A ab A + + = = ,
Gii thiu Mch t
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: Vng t tr
ng cong t ha
B
H
H
c
-H
c
B
r
-B
r
B
m
H
m
B
r
=t d
H
c
=lc khng t
My in B mn Thit b in
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: Vng t tr
ng cong B-H
B,
H
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: Dng xoy
Tn hao li thp c nh hng ln ti nhit
vn hnh, v hiu sut ca thit b t
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: V d
Bi ton: Cho mch t nh hnh di,
Tnh L
11
v L
12
.
l
y
l
y
l
x
u
1
u
2
N
1 N
2
i
1
i
2
My in B mn Thit b in
Gii: Mch tng ng
Ta c cc phng trnh:
) (
) (
1 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1
u u 9 + 9 u =
u u 9 + 9 u =
x y
x y
i N
i N
Mch t: V d
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: c tnh vt liu
Cc vng con trong vt liu t khi cha b
t ha
n s
n

s s

n
n
|
s
s
+
n
n
|
s
s
+
n
s

n n

s
s n
n s
s
+
n
n
|
s
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: c tnh vt liu
Vt liu c t trong t trng c chiu
sang phi.
s

n s

n s

n s

n
s

n s

n s

n s

n
s

n s

n s

n s

n
s

n s

n s

n s

n
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: Nam chm vnh cu
C th to ra t
thng trong mch t
m khng cn ngun
kch t bn ngoi.
C gi tr t d B
r
v lc khng t H
c
ln
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: Bi tp

r
= 2500
B dy ( su) ca li l
10cm
Khi dng in i = 1A. Tnh
t thng trong li?
My in B mn Thit b in
Mch t: Bi tp

r
= 4000
Tit din li A = 12 cm
2
Gi s t thng tn ti khe h
khng kh lm tng tit din
b mt khe h ln 5%
Tnh tng t tr ca mch
t?
Dng in cn thit to ra
t trng B = 0.5T ti khe h
khng kh?
N
S