NG D#NG R&LE KHO'NG CCH K* THU-T S. MICOM 13 B'O V6 1!

7NG DY TRUY9N T'I 1I6N

APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL DISTANCE RELAYS MICOM TO PROTECT POWER TRANSMISSION LINES

L KIM HNG Tr !ng $%i h(c Bch khoa, $%i h(c $ N*ng

TM T:T ! %&m b&o cc m )c tiu kinh t, v k . thu1t c2a h3 th4ng %i3n h6u h,t cc %89ng dy truy<n t&i v phn ph4i %<u %8=c trang b> cc r:le kho&ng cch s4 lm m@t trong nhAng b&o v3 chnh. Vi3c nghin cBu %! chDnh %>nh ci %Ft thng s4 cho loHi b&o v3 ny l rIt quan trJng nhKm v1n hnh h3 th4ng %i3n m@t cch tin c1y, an ton v hi3u qu& nhIt. Bi bo ny giLi thi3u m@t s4 chBc nMng c: b&n v cch tnh ton ci %Ft cc thng s4 cho r:le kho&ng cch s4 MICOM hJ P44X (X: 1, 2, 4). ABSTRACT In order to attain economic and technical effect in power system operation in many power transmission and distribution lines, numerical distance relays are used as one of the main protectors. Therefore, the study and setting of this protection is very important so as to operate the power system most safely, reliably and effectively. The article presents some basic functions and methods of setting numerical distance relay MICOMs P44X.

1. !t v%n () R le kho!ng cch MICOM h$ P44X l h'p b( r le s* c,a hng ALSTOM. .y l m(t trong nh/ng lo2i r le k3 thu5t s* 60'c 7ng d9ng cc cng ngh: hi:n 62i nh<t hi:n nay. Cc r le k3 thu5t s* MICOM h$ P44X hon ton c th= 6p 7ng 60'c cc yu c?u b!o v: cho cc 60@ng dy truyBn t!i v phn ph*i trong h: th*ng 6i:n. Trong h: th*ng 6i:n Vi:t Nam, cc r le kho!ng cch s* 60'c sC d9ng phD biEn 6= b!o v: cc 60@ng dy 110, 220 kV v 500 kV, do v5y vi:c tm hi=u v chFnh 6Hnh chng 6= 6!m b!o 6( tin c5y trong v5n hnh l r<t c?n thiEt. Sau 6y sJ giKi thi:u khi qut vB r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM h$ P44X v cch tnh ton chFnh 6Hnh cc thng s* b!o v:. 2. Gi+i thi.u v) r,le s/ MICOM h1 P44X 2.1. C u hnh chung Hnh dng bn ngoi c,a m(t r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM P441 nh0 hnh 1. Trong 6: (1) - mn hnh tinh th= lLng (LCD) c th= hi=n thH 16 k tM d0Ki hai hng. (2) - b*n 6n LED c* 6Hnh. (3) - tm 6n LED hi=n thH vng kh! trnh. (4) - h: th*ng cc phm ch7c nNng. (5) - phm ch7c nNng 6$c, xo cc k tM v hi=n thH th@i gian. (6) - vL b$c v k hi:u s!n phPm. (7) - t<m che chQn b!o v: cc 6?u kEt n*i cDng truyBn thng. (8) - ph?n 6?u kRp ch.

Hnh 1: Hnh dang bn ngoai cua rle MICOM P441

Ngoi c<u hnh chung nh0 trn, cc r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM h$ P44X cn c cc 6Sc 6i=m ring nh0 sau: - P441: c 8 6?u vo logic, 16 6?u ra 6= truyBn tn hi:u cQt my cQt, hi=n thH th@i gian, truyBn thng xa v cc ch7c nNng khc. - P442: c 16 6?u vo logic v 21 6?u ra s*, 6Tng hT 6Tng b( th@i gian thMc, cc 6?u n*i truyBn thng vKi cp quang. - P444: c 24 6?u vo logic s* v 32 6?u ra, 6Tng hT 6Tng b( th@i gian thMc, cc 6?u n*i truyBn thng vKi cp quang. Th@i gian tc 6(ng nhanh nh<t c,a r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM kho!ng 18 msec. R le kho!ng cch MICOM c hai lo2i cDng truyBn thng l: cDng truyBn thng n(i b( (local communication port) v cDng truyBn thng tU xa (remote communication port). CDng truyBn thng n(i b(: gTm cc m2ch giao tiEp tu?n tM 60'c thiEt kE sC d9ng kEt n*i trMc tiEp vKi my tnh 6= thu th5p cc d/ li:u hay t!i cc ch0 ng trnh, cc s 6T logic, cc thng s* ci 6St khi sC d9ng ph?n mBm m phLng hoSc 6= kEt n*i gi/a cc r le vKi nhau. CDng truyBn thng tU xa 60'c sC d9ng 6= kEt n*i vKi cc thiEt bH truyBn tin trao 6Di cc thng tin gi/a trung tm 6iBu khi=n vKi r le, hoSc truyBn tn hi:u cQt lin 6(ng gi/a hai r le V hai 6?u 60@ng dy (.Z). Nh@ 6 m ng0@i ta c th= xy dMng cc tr2m biEn p v5n hnh hon ton tM 6(ng khng c?n ng0@i trMc, tU 6 c th= nng cao tnh tM 6(ng ho, kh! nNng 6Tng b(, 6( tin c5y cWng nh0 ch<t l0'ng 6i:n nNng trong h: th*ng 6i:n. 2.2. Cc ch$c n'ng c)a r,le Hnh 2 trnh by cc ch7c nNng c b!n c,a r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM h$ P44X.

Hnh 2: S, -. b&o v( -!0ng dy c2a r,le kho&ng cch s4 MICOM Ch c n#ng b&o v( kho&ng cch (21) L ch7c nNng chnh c,a r le, lm vi:c theo nguyn l tDng trV th<p Z<. R le bao gTm 6 vng lm vi:c, trong 6: - Vng 1: Lun lun lm vi:c theo h0Kng thu5n. - Vng 1X (vng 1 mV r(ng), vng 2, 3: lm vi:c theo h0Kng thu5n, c th= kch ho2t hoSc khng. - Vng 4: lm vi:c theo h0Kng ng0'c (c th= ch$n hoSc khng), 6i:n trV v h: s* b trng vKi vng 3. - Vng P: vng kh! trnh, c th= kch ho2t lm vi:c theo h0Kng thu5n hoSc h0Kng ng0'c. Cc thng s* chFnh 6Hnh cho mXi vng 6*i vKi sM c* pha-pha v pha-6<t hon ton 6(c l5p nhau. Ch7c nNng b!o v: kho!ng cch sJ bH kho khi my biEn 6i:n p (TU) bH lXi. Ch7c nNng b!o v: tUng vng cWng sJ bH kho hoSc khng kho (tuZ ch$n) khi c hi:n t0'ng dao 6(ng cng su<t.

.Hnh vH 6i=m sM c*: Ch7c nNng ny tnh ton tDng trV sM c* v kho!ng cch tU chX 6St TI, TU 6En 6i=m sM c*. KEt qu! sJ 60'c hi=n thH b[ng 6 n vH km, hoSc % 60@ng dy 60'c b!o v:. Ch7c nNng cQt nhanh khi 6ng 6i:n vo 60@ng dy 6ang bH sM c*: R le dng 6?u vo ki=m tra tr2ng thi my cQt hoSc tn hi:u 60@ng dy chEt 6= khVi t2o b!o v: ny. Khi chng ta 6ng 6i:n vo 60@ng dy 6ang c sM c*, r le sJ 60a ra l:nh cQt nhanh cho d 6i=m sM c* V vng cQt nhanh (vng 1) hoSc vng cQt c th@i gian (tr0@ng h'p ny c th= x!y ra khi chng ta 6ng 6i:n vo 60@ng dy sau khi 6 sCa ch/a m qun tho tiEp 6Ha). Ngoi ra r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM h$ P44X cn c th= lm vi:c kEt h'p vKi cc s 6T b!o v: lin 6(ng. Ch c n#ng b&o v( qu dng (50/51) C 4 c<p tc 6(ng 6(c l5p nhau: - C<p 1 v 2: c th= lm vi:c theo h0Kng thu5n hoSc h0Kng ng0'c hoSc v h0Kng. Khi lXi TU v r le 6ang lm vi:c c h0Kng th r le sJ tM 6(ng chuy=n qua lm vi:c v h0Kng vKi th@i gian chFnh 6Hnh ring hoSc kho (tu Z ch$n). R le c th= lm vi:c theo 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p hoSc ph9 thu(c. - C<p 3: lm vi:c v h0Kng hoSc kho, vKi 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p v c th= lm vi:c lin t9c hoSc chF lm vi:c vKi ch7c nNng ch*ng 6ng 6i:n vo 6i=m sM c*. - C<p 4: lm vi:c v h0Kng hoSc kho vKi 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p, dng 6= b!o v: thanh gp. Ch c n#ng b&o v( qu dng ch6m -7t (50/51N) C hai c<p b!o v:: - C<p 1: lm vi:c c h0Kng hoSc v h0Kng hoSc kho theo 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p hoSc ph9 thu(c. - C<p 2: lm vi:c c h0Kng hoSc v h0Kng hoSc kho theo 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p. Ch c n#ng b&o v( qu -i(n p, km -i(n p (59/27) MXi ch7c nNng c hai c<p b!o v:. C<p 1 c th= ch$n theo 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p hoSc ph9 thu(c. C<p 2 lm vi:c theo 6Sc tuyEn th@i gian 6(c l5p. Ch c n#ng ki8m tra -.ng b: (25) Ch7c nNng ny dng 6= 6ng ho my cQt b[ng tay hoSc trong chE 6( tM 6(ng 6ng lSp l2i. Ch c n#ng t; -:ng -ng l<p l6i (79) R le cho php 6ng lSp l2i 3 pha c hoSc khng ki=m tra ho 6Tng b(. S* l?n 6ng lSp l2i cho php l 4 l?n trong m(t chu trnh. Ch c n#ng -i=u khi8n my c>t b?ng tay C ki=m tra ho 6Tng b(. C cc chE 6( 6iBu khi=n: tU xa (remote), t2i chX (local). Ch c n#ng ki8m tra s; c4 my c>t (74) L:nh khVi t2o c th= tU bn trong hoSc bn ngoi r le. Ch c n#ng gim st knh truy=n tin (85) Kh! nNng ki=m tra cc lXi trn 60@ng truyBn knh tin hoSc tU b!n thn r le. Ch c n#ng ph@ - Ch7c nNng ghi l2i sM c*: c th= ghi l2i 510 sM c* mKi nh<t. - Ch7c nNng 6o l0@ng: dng, p, gc pha, cng su<t.

3. Tnh ton cc thng s/ ci (!t cho b2o v. kho2ng cch Tnh ton cc thng s* ci 6St cho b!o v: kho!ng cch t2i tr2m B 6*i vKi 6o2n 60@ng dy BC trn hnh 3 vKi cc thng s* nh0 sau: - .i:n p h: th*ng: 230 kV. - TF s* biEn dng TI: 1200/5. - TF s* biEn 6i:n p TU: 230000/115. - ChiBu di 60@ng dy (DZ) c?n b!o v:: 100 km - TDng trV th7 tM thu5n c,a DZ: Z1=0,089+j0,476 = 0,48479,400 /km. - TDng trV th7 tM khng c,a DZ: Z0=0,426+j1,576 =1,63274,800 /km.

A
80 km

100 km

C
60 km

21

21

Hnh 3: S, -. m hnh tnh ton b&o v( r,le 3.1. Ph-n tnh ton: .*i vKi b!o v: kho!ng cch MICOM h$ P44X th gc ci 6St tU -900900 c b0Kc nh!y 0 l 1 . Cc gi trH tDng trV 6St 60'c tnh ton quy vB pha th7 c<p. - Gi trH tDng trV 6St c,a vng 1 60'c tnh ton theo yu c?u vng 1 c,a b!o v: ph!i b!o v: 80% chiBu di 6o2n 60@ng dy BC: 1200 / 5 Z I = 0,8.100.0,48479,4 0. = 4,6479,4 0 230000 / 115 Gi trH ci 6St c,a vng 1: 4,6479,40 . - Gi trH tDng trV 6St c,a vng 2 60'c tnh ton theo yu c?u vng 2 c,a b!o v: ph!i b!o v: hon ton 6o2n 60@ng dy BC v kho!ng 30% chiBu di 6o2n 60@ng dy CD: 1200 / 5 Z II = (100 + 0,3.60).0,48479,4 0. = 6,85379,4 0 230000 / 115 Gi trH ci 6St c,a vng 2: 6,853800 . - Gi trH tDng trV 6St c,a vng 3 (b!o v: dM tr/) 60'c tnh ton 6= b!o v: c th= tc 6(ng chQc chQn khi sM c* V 6o2n 6St b!o v: (6o2n BC) v 6o2n kB (6o2n CD) nn th0@ng <y kho!ng 120% chiBu di 6o2n BD: 1200 / 5 Z III = (100 + 60).1,2.0,48479,4 0. = 11,15279,4 0 230000 / 115 Gi trH ci 6St c,a vng 3: 11,152800 . - Gi trH tDng trV 6St c,a vng 4 h0Kng ng0'c 60'c tnh ton kho!ng 10% gi trH tDng trV 6St vng 1: Z IV = 0,1.4,6479,4 0 = 0,46479,4 0 Gi trH ci 6St c,a vng 4: 0,464800 . H: s* !nh h0Vng c,a b d0 6*i vKi sM c* 6<t: KZ0 = (Z0 Z1)/3.Z1=(1,63274,800,48479,40).100/3.0,48479,40.100=0,79-6,50

Th@i gian ci 6St: - Th@i gian tc 6(ng c,a vng 1: tI = 0,1 sec. - Th@i gian tc 6(ng c,a vng 2: tII = 0,5 sec. - Th@i gian tc 6(ng c,a vng 3: tIII = 3,5 sec. - Th@i gian tc 6(ng c,a vng 4: tIV = 4,5 sec. 3.2. B.ng tr/ s2 ch4nh 6/nh cho r,le kho.ng cch s2 MICOM P441: Sau khi tnh ton 60'c cc gi trH ci 6St, ta thnh l5p phiEu chFnh 6Hnh cho r le kho!ng cch MICOM P441 nh0 sau:
- R le: ........................... - TI: ............................... - TU:............................... - Tc 6(ng: ..................... Ch4c n6ng MICOM P441 1200/5 A 230000/115 kV CQt MC

Tr/ s2 ch4nh 6/nh

Thng s/ N7i dung 1000 LINE CHARACTERISTICS 1001 LIN Line Length Length of line in km .........................: 1002 LlN Ku Voltage transformer..........................: 1003 LlN Ki Current transformer ..........................: 1004 LIN Zd Positive sequence impedance Zd ......: 1005 LIN Phid Zd argument......................................: 100A LIN Z01 Zero sequence impedance Z01 .........: 100B LIN Phi01 Z01 argument..................................... 100C LIN Rd Positive sequence resistance.............: 100D LIN Xd Positive sequence reactance .............: 1010 LIN R01 Zero sequence resistance ..................: 1011 LIN X01 Zero sequence reactance...................: 1012 LIN K01r Real part of K01 ...............................: 1100 ZONE SETTING: 1101 ZON Z1 Zone 1 impedance.............................: 1103 ZON T1 Zone 1 time delay .............................: 1104 ZON Z2 Zone 2 impedance.............................: 1105 ZON T2 Zone 2 time delay .............................: 1106 ZON Z3 Zone 3 impedance.............................: 1107 ZON T3 Zone 3 time delay .............................: 1108 ZON Dir.Z3 Zone 3 derection ...............................: 1109 ZON Z4 Zone 4 impedance.............................: 110A ZON T4 Zone 4 time delay .............................: Tr8 s/ 100km 2000 240 48,4 ohm 79 deg 163,2 ohm 74,8 deg 89 ohm 47,6 ohm 42,6 ohm 157,6 ohm 0.79

Ghi ch

F21

CQt MC 4,64 ohm 0.1s 6,85 ohm 0.5s 11,15 ohm 3.5s Forwards 0,46 ohm 4,5s

4. K:t lu;n
Qua bi bo gip cho chng ta hi=u 60'c cc ch7c nNng c b!n v cch tnh ton ci 6St cc thng s* c,a r le kho!ng cch s* MICOM. .iBu ny cn gip cho cn b( k3 thu5t d\ dng tiEp c5n cc lo2i r le s* b!o v: kho!ng cch t0 ng 60 ng khc. TI LI<U THAM KH>O [1] [2] [3] Alstom, relays MICOM P441, P442, P444 Application Notes, Commissioning & Maintenance Guide, Technical Data, Default PSL, Introduction, Alstom, 2000. Nguy\n HTng Thi, VW VNn TPm, R,le s4-l thuyAt v ng d@ng, Nh xu<t b!n Gio d9c, 2001. L Kim Hng, .on Ng$c Minh T, B&o v( r,le v t; -:ng ho trong h( th4ng -i(n, Nh xu<t b!n Gio d9c, 1998.