Chöông 2: PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏ N G GIAÙ C CÔ BAÛ N

⎡ u = v + k2π
sin u = sin v ⇔ ⎢
⎣ u = π − v + k2π
cos u = cos v ⇔ u = ± v + k2π
⎧ π
⎪u ≠ + kπ
tgu = tgv ⇔ ⎨ 2 ( k, k ' ∈ Z )
⎪⎩u = v + k ' π
⎧u ≠ kπ
cot gu = cot gv ⇔ ⎨
⎩u = v + k ' π

π
Ñaë c bieä t : sin u = 0 ⇔ u = kπ cos u = 0 ⇔ u = + kπ
2
π
sin u = 1 ⇔ u = + k2π ( k ∈ Z) cos u = 1 ⇔ u = k2π ( k ∈ Z )
2
π
sin u = −1 ⇔ u = − + k2π cos u = −1 ⇔ u = π + k2π
2
Chuù yù : sin u ≠ 0 ⇔ cos u ≠ ±1
cos u ≠ 0 ⇔ sin u ≠ ±1

Baø i 28 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i D, naê m 2002)
Tìm x ∈ [ 0,14 ] nghieä m ñuù ng phöông trình
cos 3x − 4 cos 2x + 3 cos x − 4 = 0 ( * )
Ta coù (*) : ⇔ ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) − 4 ( 2 cos2 x − 1) + 3 cos x − 4 = 0
⇔ 4 cos3 x − 8 cos2 x = 0 ⇔ 4 cos2 x ( cos x − 2 ) = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 hay cos x = 2 ( loaïi vì cos x ≤ 1)
π
⇔ x= + kπ ( k ∈ Z )
2
π
Ta coù : x ∈ [ 0,14] ⇔ 0 ≤ + kπ ≤ 14
2
π π 1 14 1
⇔ − ≤ kπ ≤ 14 − ⇔ −0, 5 = − ≤ k ≤ − ≈ 3, 9
2 2 2 π 2
⎧ π 3π 5π 7π ⎫
Maø k ∈ Z neâ n k ∈ {0,1, 2, 3} . Do ñoù : x ∈ ⎨ , , , ⎬
⎩2 2 2 2 ⎭
Baø i 29 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i D, naê m 2004)
Giaû i phöông trình :
( 2 cos x − 1)( 2 sin x + cos x ) = sin 2x − sin x ( *)
 Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1)( 2 sin x + cos x ) = sin x ( 2 cos x − 1)
⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1) ⎡⎣( 2 sin x + cos x ) − sin x ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1)( sin x + cos x ) = 0
1
⇔ cos x = ∨ sin x = − cos x
2
π ⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos x = cos ∨ tgx = −1 = tg ⎜ − ⎟
3 ⎝ 4⎠
π π
⇔ x = ± + k2π ∨ x = − + kπ, ( k ∈ Z )
3 4

Baø i 30 : Giaû i phöông trình cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 (*)

Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( cos x + cos 4x ) + ( cos 2x + cos 3x ) = 0
5x 3x 5x x
⇔ 2 cos .cos + 2 cos .cos = 0
2 2 2 2
5x ⎛ 3x x⎞
⇔ 2 cos ⎜ cos + cos ⎟ = 0
2 ⎝ 2 2⎠
5x x
⇔ 4 cos cos x cos = 0
2 2
5x x
⇔ cos = 0 ∨ cos x = 0 ∨ cos = 0
2 2
5x π π x π
⇔ = + kπ ∨ x = + kπ ∨ = + kπ
2 2 2 2 2
π 2kπ π
⇔ x= + ∨ x = + kπ ∨ x = π + 2π, ( k ∈ Z )
5 5 2

Baø i 31: Giaûi phöông trình sin 2 x + sin 2 3x = cos2 2x + cos2 4x ( * )

1 1 1 1
Ta coù (*) ⇔ (1 − cos 2x ) + (1 − cos 6x ) = (1 + cos 4x ) + (1 + cos 8x )
2 2 2 2
⇔ − ( cos 2x + cos 6x ) = cos 4x + cos 8x
⇔ −2 cos 4x cos 2x = 2 cos 6x cos 2x
⇔ 2 cos 2x ( cos 6x + cos 4x ) = 0
⇔ 4 cos 2x cos 5x cos x = 0
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ cos 5x = 0 ∨ cos x = 0
π π π
⇔ 2x = + kπ ∨ 5x + kπ ∨ x = + kπ, k ∈
2 2 2
π kπ π kπ π
⇔ x= + ∨x= + ∨ x = + kπ , k ∈
4 2 10 5 2
Baø i 32 : Cho phöông trình
⎛π x⎞ 7
sin x.cos 4x − sin 2 2x = 4 sin 2 ⎜ − ⎟ − ( *)
⎝4 2⎠ 2
Tìm caù c nghieä m cuû a phöông trình thoû a : x − 1 < 3
 1 ⎡ π ⎤ 7
Ta coù : (*)⇔ sin x.cos 4x − (1 − cos 4x ) = 2 ⎢1 − cos ⎛⎜ − x ⎞⎟ ⎥ −
2 ⎣ ⎝2 ⎠⎦ 2
1 1 3
⇔ sin x cos 4x − + cos 4x = − − 2sin x
2 2 2
1
⇔ sin x cos 4x + cos 4x + 1 + 2sin x = 0
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⇔ cos 4x ⎜ sin x + ⎟ + 2 ⎜ sin x + ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
1
⇔ ( cos 4x + 2) ⎜⎛ sin x + ⎟⎞ = 0
⎝ 2⎠
⎡cos 4x = −2 ( loaïi ) ⎡ π
⎢ x = − + k 2π
⎢ 6
⇔ ⎢sin x = − 1 = sin ⎛ − π ⎞ ⇔ ⎢
⎢⎣ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ x = 7π + 2hπ
2 ⎝ 6⎠ ⎢⎣ 6
Ta coù : x − 1 < 3 ⇔ −3 < x − 1 < 3 ⇔ −2 < x < 4
π
Vaä y : −2 < − + k2π < 4
6
π π 1 1 2 1
⇔ − 2 < 2kπ < 4 + ⇔ − <k< +
6 6 12 π π 12
π
Do k ∈ Z neâ n k = 0. Vaä y x = −
6
7π
−2 < + h2π < 4
6
7π 7π 1 7 2 7
⇔ −2 − < h2π < 4 − ⇔− − <h< −
6 6 π 12 π 12
7π −π 7π
⇒h = 0 ⇒ x = .Toù m laï i x = hay x =
6 6 6
1 −π
Caù c h khaù c : sin x = − ⇔ x = (−1)k + kπ, k ∈
2 6
−π −2 −1 4
Vaä y : −2 < (−1)k + kπ < 4 ⇔ < (−1)k +k<
6 π 6 π
−π 7π
⇔ k=0 vaø k = 1. Töông öù n g vôù i x = hay x =
6 6

Baø i 33 : Giaû i phöông trình

sin 3 x cos 3x + cos3 x sin 3x = sin 3 4x ( * )
Ta coù : (*)⇔ sin 3 x ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) + cos3 x ( 3sin x − 4 sin 3 x ) = sin 3 4x
⇔ 4 sin3 x cos3 x − 3sin3 x cos x + 3sin x cos3 x − 4 sin3 x cos3 x = sin3 4x
⇔ 3sin x cos x ( cos2 x − sin 2 x ) = sin 3 4x
3
⇔ sin 2x cos 2x = sin3 4x
2
 3
⇔ sin 4x = sin3 4x
4
⇔ 3sin 4x − 4 sin3 4x = 0
⇔ sin12x = 0
kπ
⇔ 12x = kπ ⇔ x= ( k ∈ Z)
12
Baø i 34 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i B, naê m 2002)
Giaû i phöông trình :
sin 2 3x − cos2 4x = sin 2 5x − cos2 6a ( * )
Ta coù : (*)⇔
1 1 1 1
(1 − cos 6x ) − (1 + cos 8x ) = (1 − cos10x ) − (1 + cos12x )
2 2 2 2
⇔ cos 6x + cos 8x = cos10x + cos12x
⇔ 2 cos7x cos x = 2 cos11x cos x
⇔ 2 cos x ( cos 7x − cos11x ) = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ cos7x = cos11x
π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ 7x = ±11x + k 2π
2
π kπ kπ
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − ∨x= ,k ∈
2 2 9
Baø i 35 : Giaû i phöông trình
( sin x + sin 3x ) + sin 2x = ( cos x + cos 3x ) + cos 2x
⇔ 2sin 2x cos x + sin 2x = 2 cos 2x cos x + cos 2x
⇔ sin 2x ( 2 cos x + 1) = cos 2x ( 2 cos x + 1)
⇔ ( 2 cos x + 1) ( sin 2x − cos 2x ) = 0
1 2π
⇔ cos x = −= cos ∨ sin 2x = cos 2x
2 3
2π π
⇔ x=± + k2π ∨ tg2x = 1 = tg
3 4
2π π π
⇔ x=± + k2π ∨ x = + k , ( k ∈ Z )
3 8 2

Baø i 36: Giaû i phöông trình

cos 10x + 2 cos2 4x + 6 cos 3x. cos x = cos x + 8 cos x. cos3 3x ( * )
Ta coù : (*)⇔ cos10x + (1 + cos 8x ) = cos x + 2 cos x ( 4 cos3 3x − 3 cos 3x )
⇔ ( cos10x + cos 8x ) + 1 = cos x + 2 cos x.cos 9x
⇔ 2 cos 9x cos x + 1 = cos x + 2 cos x.cos 9x
⇔ cos x = 1
⇔ x = k2π ( k ∈ Z )

Baø i 37 : Giaû i phöông trình

4 sin 3 x + 3 cos3 x − 3sin x − sin 2 x cos x = 0 ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin x ( 4 sin 2 x − 3) − cos x ( sin 2 x − 3 cos2 x ) = 0
⇔ sin x ( 4 sin 2 x − 3) − cos x ⎡⎣sin 2 x − 3 (1 − sin 2 x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ ( 4 sin 2 x − 3) ( sin x − cos x ) = 0
⇔ ⎡⎣ 2 (1 − cos 2x ) − 3⎤⎦ ( sin x − cos x ) = 0
⎡ 1 2π
cos 2x = − = cos
⇔ ⎢ 2 3
⎢
⎣sin x = cos x
⎡ π
⎡ 2π ⎢ x = ± + kπ
⎢ 2x = ± + k2π 3
⇔
⎢
3 ⇔ ⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ x = π + kπ
⎣ tgx = 1 ⎢⎣ 4

Baø i 38 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i B naê m 2005)
Giaû i phöông trình :
sin x + cos x + 1 + sin 2x + cos 2x = 0 ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin x + cos x + 2sin x cos x + 2 cos2 x = 0
⇔ sin x + cos x + 2 cos x ( sin x + cos x ) = 0
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) (1 + 2 cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x = − cos x
⇔ ⎢
⎢cos 2x = − 1 = cos 2π
⎣ 2 3
⎡ tgx = −1
⇔ ⎢
⎢ x = ± 2π + k 2π
⎣ 3
⎡ π
⎢ x = − 4 + kπ
⇔ ⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ x = ± 2π + k2π
⎢⎣ 3

Baø i 39 : Giaû i phöông trình

( 2 sin x + 1)( 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 ) + 4 cos2 x = 3 ( *)
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ( 2 sin x + 1)( 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 ) + 4 (1 − sin 2 x ) − 3 = 0
⇔ ( 2 sin x + 1)( 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 ) + (1 + 2 sin x )(1 − 2 sin x ) = 0
⇔ ( 2 sin x + 1) ⎡⎣ 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 + (1 − 2 sin x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ 3 ( cos 4x − 1)( 2 sin x + 1) = 0
1 ⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos 4x = 1 ∨ sin x = − = sin ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 6⎠
 π 7π
⇔ 4x = k2π ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π
6 6
kπ π 7π
⇔ x= ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, ( k ∈ Z)
2 6 6

Baø i 40: Giaû i phöông trình

sin 6 x + cos6 x = 2 ( sin 8 x + cos8 x ) ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin6 x − 2sin8 x + cos6 x − 2 cos8 x = 0
⇔ sin 6 x (1 − 2 sin 2 x ) − cos6 x ( 2 cos2 x − 1) = 0
⇔ sin6 x cos 2x − cos6 x. cos 2x = 0
⇔ cos 2x ( sin 6 x − cos6 x ) = 0
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ sin6 x = cos6 x
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ tg 6 x = 1
π
⇔ 2x = ( 2k + 1) ∨ tgx = ±1
2
π π
⇔ x = ( 2k + 1) ∨ x = ± + kπ
4 4
π kπ
⇔ x= + ,k ∈
4 2

Baø i 41 : Giaû i phöông trình

1
cos x.cos 2x.cos 4x.cos 8x = ( *)
16
Ta thaá y x = kπ khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a (*) vì luù c ñoù
cos x = ±1, cos 2x = cos 4x = cos 8x = 1
1
(*) thaøn h : ±1 = voâ nghieä m
16
Nhaâ n 2 veá cuû a (*) cho 16sin x ≠ 0 ta ñöôï c
(*) ⇔ (16 sin x cos x ) cos 2x.cos 4x.cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ ( 8 sin 2x cos 2x ) cos 4x.cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ ( 4 sin 4x cos 4x ) cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ 2sin 8x cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ sin16x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
k2π π kπ
⇔x = ∨x= + , ( k ∈ Z)
15 17 17
Do : x = hπ khoâ n g laø nghieä m neâ n k ≠ 15m vaø 2k + 1 ≠ 17n ( n, m ∈ Z )

Baø i 42: Giaû i phöông trình 8cos ⎛⎜ x +

π⎞
= cos 3x ( * )
3
⎟
⎝ 3⎠
π π
Ñaët t = x + ⇔x=t−
3 3
 Thì cos 3x = cos ( 3t − π ) = cos ( π − 3t ) = − cos 3t
Vaä y (*) thaø n h 8 cos3 t = − cos 3t
⇔ 8 cos3 t = −4 cos3 t + 3 cos t
⇔ 12 cos3 t − 3 cos t = 0
⇔ 3 cos t ( 4 cos2 t − 1) = 0
⇔ 3 cos t ⎡⎣2 (1 + cos 2t ) − 1⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ cos t ( 2 cos 2t + 1) = 0
1 2π
⇔ cos t = 0 ∨ cos 2t = − = cos
2 3
π 2π
⇔ t = ( 2k + 1) ∨ 2t = ± + k2π
2 3
π π
⇔ t = + kπ ∨ t = ± + kπ
2 3
π
Maø x = t −
3
π 2π
Vaä y (*) ⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = kπ ∨ x = + kπ, ( vôùik ∈ Z )
6 3
Ghi chuù :
Khi giaû i caù c phöông trình löôï n g giaù c coù chöù a tgu, cotgu, coù aå n ôû maã u , hay
chöù a caê n baä c chaü n ... ta phaû i ñaë t ñieà u kieä n ñeå phöông trình xaù c ñònh. Ta seõ
duø n g caù c caù c h sau ñaâ y ñeå kieå m tra ñieà u kieä n xem coù nhaä n nghieä m hay
khoâ n g.
+ Thay caùc giaù trò x tìm ñöôï c vaø o ñieà u kieä n thöû laï i xem coù thoû a
Hoaë c + Bieå u dieã n caù c ngoï n cung ñieà u kieä n vaø caù c ngoï n cung tìm ñöôïc treâ n cuø n g
moä t ñöôø n g troø n löôï n g giaù c . Ta seõ loaï i boû ngoï n cung cuû a nghieä m khi coù
truø n g vôù i ngoï n cung cuû a ñieà u kieä n .
Hoaë c + So vôi caù c ñieà u kieä n trong quaù trình giaûi phöông trình.

Baø i 43 : Giaû i phöông trình tg 2 x − tgx.tg3x = 2 ( * )

⎧cos x ≠ 0 π hπ
Ñieà u kieä n ⎨ ⇔ cos3x ≠ 0 ⇔ x ≠ +
⎩cos 3x = 4 cos x − 3 cos x ≠ 0
3
6 3
Luù c ñoù ta coù (*) ⇔ tgx ( tgx − tg3x ) = 2
sin x ⎛ sin x sin 3x ⎞
⇔ ⎜ − ⎟=2
cos x ⎝ cos x cos 3x ⎠
⇔ sin x ( sin x cos 3x − cos x sin 3x ) = 2 cos2 x cos 3x
⇔ sin x sin ( −2x ) = 2 cos2 x. cos 3x
⇔ −2 sin2 x cos x = 2 cos2 x cos 3x
⇔ − sin2 x = cos x cos 3x (do cos x ≠ 0 )
1 1
⇔ − (1 − cos 2x ) = ( cos 4x + cos 2x )
2 2
⇔ cos 4x = −1 ⇔ 4x = π + k2π
 π kπ
⇔x = + ( k ∈ Z)
4 2
so vôù i ñieà u kieä n
π kπ ⎛ 3π 3kπ ⎞ 2
Caù c h 1 : Khi x = + thì cos 3x = cos ⎜ + ⎟=± ≠ 0 ( nhaän )
4 2 ⎝ 4 2 ⎠ 2
Caù c h 2 : Bieå u dieã n caù c ngoï n cung ñieà u kieä n vaø ngoï n cung nghieä m ta thaá y
khoâ n g coù ngoï n cung naø o truø n g nhau. Do ñoù :
π kπ
(*) ⇔ x = +
4 2
Löu yù caù c h 2 raá t maá t thôøi gian
Caù c h 3 :
3π 3kπ π
Neá u 3x = + = + hπ
4 2 2
Thì 3 + 6k = 2 + 4h
⇔ 1 = 4h − 6k
1
⇔ = 2h − 3k (voâ lyù vì k, h ∈ Z )
2

Baø i 44: Giaûi phöông trình

11
tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + cot g 2 2x = ( *)
3
⎧cos x ≠ 0
⎪
Ñieà u kieä n ⎨sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
⎪sin 2x ≠ 0
⎩
Do ñoù :
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 11
(*) ⇔ ⎜ − 1⎟ + ⎜ − 1⎟ + ⎜ − 1⎟ =
⎝ cos x ⎠ ⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎝ sin 2x 3
2 2 2
⎠
1 1 1 20
⇔ + + =
cos x sin x 4 sin x cos x
2 2 2 2
3
4 sin x + 4 cos x + 1 20
2 2
⇔ =
4 sin2 x cos2 x 3
5 20
⇔ =
sin2 2x 3
3
⇔ sin2 2x = (nhaä n do sin2x ≠ 0 )
4
1 3
⇔ (1 − cos 4x ) =
2 4
1 2π
⇔ cos 4x = − = cos
2 3
2π
⇔ 4x = ± + k2π
3
π kπ
⇔x = ± + ( k ∈ Z)
6 2
 2
Chuù yù : Coù theå deã daø n g chöù n g minh : tgx + cot gx =
sin 2x
⎛ 1 ⎞ 11
Vaä y (*) ⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) − 2 + ⎜
2
− 1⎟ =
⎝ sin x 3
2
⎠
5 20
⇔ =
sin 2x
2
3

Baø i 45 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i D, naê m 2003)
Giaû i phöông trình
⎛x π⎞ x
sin 2 ⎜ − ⎟ tg 2 x − cos2 = 0 ( *)
⎝2 4⎠ 2
Ñieà u kieä n : cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin x ≠ ±1
luù c ñoù :
1⎡ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ sin 2 x 1
(*) ⇔ ⎢1 − cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎥ − [1 + cos x ] = 0
2⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ cos2 x 2
(1 − sin x ) (1 − cos2 x )
⇔ − (1 + cos x ) = 0
1 − sin 2 x
1 − cos2 x
⇔ − (1 + cos x ) = 0
1 + sin x
⎡ 1 − cos x ⎤
⇔ (1 + cos x ) ⎢ − 1⎥ = 0
⎣ 1 + sin x ⎦
⇔ (1 + cos x ) ( − cos x − sin x ) = 0
⎡cos x = −1 ( nhaändo cos x ≠ 0 )
⇔ ⎢
⎣ tgx = −1
⎡ x = π + k2π
⇔ ⎢
⎢ x = − π + kπ
⎣ 4

Baø i 46 : Giaû i phöông trình

sin 2x ( cot gx + tg2x ) = 4 cos2 x ( * )
⎧cos x ≠ ±1
⎧sin x ≠ 0 ⎧sin x ≠ 0 ⎪
Ñieà u kieä n : ⎨ ⇔ ⎨ ⇔ ⎨ 2
⎩cos 2x ≠ 0 ⎩2 cos x − 1 ≠ 0
2
⎪cos x ≠ ±
⎩ 2
cos x sin 2x
Ta coù : cot gx + tg2x = +
sin x cos 2x
cos 2x cos x + sin 2x sin x
=
sin x cos 2x
cos x
=
sin x cos 2x
⎛ cos x ⎞
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ 2 sin x cos x ⎜ ⎟ = 4 cos x
2

⎝ sin x cos 2x ⎠
 2 cos2 x
⇔ = 4 cos2 x ( Do sin x ≠ 0 )
cos 2x
⎡ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⎡cos x = 0 ⎢cos x = 0 ⎜⎜ Nhaän do cos x ≠ vaø ≠ ±1 ⎟⎟
2
⇔ ⎢ 1 ⇔ ⎢ ⎝ ⎠
⎢ =2 ⎢ 1 π
⎣ cos 2x ⎢cos 2x = = cos , ( nhaän do sin x ≠ 0)
⎣ 2 3
⎡ π
⎢ x = 2 + kπ
⇔ ⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ x = ± π + kπ
⎢⎣ 6

Baø i 47 : Giaû i phöông trình:

cot g 2 x − tg 2 x
= 16 (1 + cos 4x )
cos 2x
cos2 x sin 2 x
Ta coù : cot g 2 x − tg 2 x = −
sin2 x cos2 x
cos4 x − sin4 x 4 cos 2x
= =
sin2 x cos2 x sin2 2x
⎧sin 2x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieä n : ⎨ ⇔ sin 4x ≠ 0
⎩cos 2x ≠ 0
4
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ = 16 (1 + cos 4x )
sin2 2x
⇔ 1 = 4 (1 + cos 4x ) sin2 2x
⇔ 1 = 2 (1 + cos 4x ) (1 − cos 4x )

( )
⇔ 1 = 2 1 − cos2 4x = 2 sin 2 4x
1
⇔ sin2 4x = ( nhaän do sin 4x ≠ 0)
2
1 1
⇔ (1 − cos 8x ) =
2 2
π kπ
⇔ cos 8x = 0 ⇔ x = + ,k ∈
16 8

7 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
Baø i 48: Giaûi phöông trình: sin 4 x + cos4 x = cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ cot g ⎜ − x ⎟ ( *)
8 ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝6 ⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x + 3 ⎟ ≠ 0 ⎪sin ⎜ x + ⎟≠0
3⎠
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎪ ⎝ ⎛ 2π ⎞
Ñieà u kieä n ⎨ ⇔ ⎨ ⇔ sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟≠0
⎪sin ⎛ π − x ⎞ ≠ 0 ⎪cos ⎛ x + π⎞ ⎝ 3 ⎠
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟≠0
⎝6 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
 1 3
⇔ − sin 2x + cos 2x ≠ 0
2 2
⇔ tg2x ≠ 3
1
( )
2
Ta coù : sin4 x + cos4 x = sin2 x + cos2 x − 2sin2 x.cos2 x = 1 − sin2 2x
2
⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
Vaø : cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ .cot g ⎜ − x ⎟ = cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ .tg ⎜ + x ⎟ = 1
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝6 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝3 ⎠
1 7
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ 1 − sin2 2x =
2 8
1 1
⇔ − (1 − cos 4x ) = −
4 8
1
⇔ cos 4x =
2
π π kπ
⇔ 4x = ± + k2π ⇔ x = ± +
3 12 2
3
(nhaä n do tg2x = ± ≠ 3)
3

1
Baø i 49: Giaû i phöông trình 2tgx + cot g2x = 2 sin 2x + ( *)
sin 2x

⎧cos 2x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieä n : ⎨ ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos 2x ≠ ±1
⎩sin 2x ≠ 0
2 sin x cos 2x 1
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ + = 2 sin 2x +
cos x sin 2x sin 2x
⇔ 4 sin x + cos 2x = 2 sin 2x + 1
2 2

( )
⇔ 4 sin2 x + 1 − 2 sin 2 x = 8 sin2 x cos2 x + 1

(
⇔ 2 sin2 x 1 − 4 cos2 x = 0 )
⇔ 2 sin2 x ⎡⎣1 − 2 (1 + cos 2x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⎡sin x = 0 ( loaïi do sin 2x ≠ 0 ⇒ sin x ≠ 0 )
⇔⎢
⎢cos 2x = − 1 = cos 2π ( nhaän do cos 2x ≠ ±1)
⎢⎣ 2 3
2π
⇔ 2x = ± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
π
⇔ x = ± + kπ, k ∈
3

3 ( sin x + tgx )
Baø i 51: Giaû i phöông trình: − 2 (1 + cos x ) = 0 ( *)
tgx − sin x
 sin x
Ñieà u kieä n : tgx − sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ − sin x ≠ 0
cos x
⎧sin x ≠ 0
sin x (1 − cos x ) ⎪
⇔ ≠ 0 ⇔ ⎨cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
cos x ⎪cos x ≠ 1
⎩
3 ( sin x + tgx ) .cot gx
Luù c ñoù (*)⇔ − 2 (1 + cos x ) = 0
( tgx − sin x ) .cot gx
3 ( cos x + 1)
⇔ − 2 (1 + cos x ) = 0
(1 − cos x )
3
⇔ − 2 = 0 ( do sin x ≠ 0 neân cos x + 1 ≠ 0)
1 − cos x
⇔ 1 + 2 cos x = 0
1
⇔ cos x = − (nhaä n so vôù i ñieà u kieä n )
2
2π
⇔ x=± + k2π, k ∈
3
Baø i 52 : Giaû i phöông trình
2 2
(1 − cos x ) + (1 + cos x ) − tg 2 x sin x = 1 1 + sin x + tg 2 x *
( ) ( )
4 (1 − sin x ) 2
⎧cos x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieä n : ⎨ ⇔ cos x ≠ 0
⎩sin x ≠ 1
2 (1 + cos2 x ) sin 3 x 1 sin 2 x
Luù c ñoù (*)⇔ − = ( 1 + sin x ) +
4 (1 − sin x ) 1 − sin 2 x 2 1 − sin 2 x
⇔ (1 + cos2 x ) (1 + sin x ) − 2 sin 3 x = (1 + sin x ) (1 − sin 2 x ) + 2 sin 2 x
⇔ (1 + sinx ) (1 + cos2 x ) = (1 + sin x ) cos2 x + 2 sin 2 x (1 + sin x )
⎡1 + sin x = 0
⇔ ⎢
⎣1 + cos x = cos x + 2 sin x
2 2 2

⎡sin x = −1 ( loaïi do cos x ≠ 0 )

⇔ ⎢ ⇔ cos2x = 0
⎣1 = 1 − cos 2x
π
⇔ 2x = + kπ
2
π π
⇔ x = + k (nhaä n do cosx ≠ 0)
4 2

Baø i 53 : Giaû i phöông trình

cos 3x.tg5x = sin 7x ( * )
Ñieà u kieä n cos 5x ≠ 0
sin 5x
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ cos 3x. = sin 7x
cos 5x
 ⇔ sin 5x.cos 3x = sin 7x.cos 5x
1 1
⇔ [sin 8x + sin 2x ] = [sin12x + sin 2x ]
2 2
⇔ sin 8x = sin12x
⇔ 12x = 8x + k2π ∨ 12x = π − 8x + k2π
kπ π kπ
⇔x = ∨ x= +
2 20 10
So laï i vôù i ñieà u kieä n
kπ 5kπ kπ
x= thì cos 5x = cos = cos (loaï i neá u k leû )
2 2 2
π kπ ⎛ π kπ ⎞
x= + thì cos 5x = cos ⎜ + ⎟ ≠ 0 nhaän
20 10 ⎝4 2 ⎠
π kπ
Do ñoù : (*)⇔ x = hπ ∨ x = + , vôù i k, h ∈
20 10
Baø i 54 : Giaû i phöông trình
sin4 x + cos4 x 1
= ( tgx + cot g2x ) ( *)
sin 2x 2
Ñieà u kieä n : sin 2x ≠ 0
Ta coù : sin 4 x + cos4 x = ( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x
2

1
=1− sin2 2x
2
sin x cos 2x
tgx + cot g2x = +
cos x sin 2x
sin 2x sin x + cos x cos 2x
=
cos x sin 2x
cos ( 2x − x ) 1
= =
cos x sin 2x sin 2x
1
1 − sin 2 2x
2 1
Do ñoù : (*) ⇔ =
sin 2x 2 sin 2x
1 1
⇔ 1 − sin 2 2x =
2 2
⇔ sin 2x = 1 ( nhaän do sin 2x ≠ 0 )
2

⇔ cos2 2x = 0
π
⇔ 2x = + kπ, k ∈
2
π kπ
⇔x = + , k ∈
4 2

Baø i 55 : Giaû i phöông trình

tg 2 x.cot g 2 2x.cot g3x = tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x + cot g3x ( * )
Ñieà u kieä n : cos x ≠ 0 ∧ sin 2x ≠ 0 ∧ sin 3x ≠ 0
⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0 ∧ sin 3x ≠ 0
Luùc ñoù (*) ⇔ cotg3x ( tg 2 x cot g 2 2x − 1) = tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x
⎡⎛ 1 − cos 2x ⎞ ⎛ 1 + cos 4x ⎞ ⎤ 1 − cos 2x 1 + cos 4x
⇔ cot g3x ⎢⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ − 1⎥ = −
⎣⎝ 1 + cos 2x ⎠ ⎝ 1 − cos 4x ⎠ ⎦ 1 + cos 2x 1 − cos 4x
⇔ cot g3x ⎡⎣(1 − cos 2x )(1 + cos 4x ) − (1 + cos 2x )(1 − cos 4x ) ⎤⎦
= (1 − cos 2x )(1 − cos 4x ) − (1 + cos 4x )(1 + cos 2x )
⇔ cot g3x [ 2 cos 4x − 2 cos 2x ] = −2 ( cos 4x + cos 2x )
cos 3x
⇔ [ −4 sin 3x sin x] = −4 cos 3x cos x
sin 3x
⇔ cos 3x sin x = cos 3x cos x ( do sin 3x ≠ 0)
⇔ cos 3x = 0 ∨ sin x = cos x
π
⇔ 3x = + kπ ∨ tgx = 1
2
π kπ π
⇔x= + ∨ x = + lπ ( k, l ∈ Z )
6 3 4
So vôù i ñieà u kieä n : sin 2x.sin 3x ≠ 0
π kπ ⎛ π 2kπ ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
* Khi x = + thì sin ⎜ + ⎟ .sin ⎜ + kπ ⎟ ≠ 0
6 3 ⎝3 3 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
⎛ 1 + 2k ⎞
⇔ sin ⎜ ⎟π ≠ 0
⎝ 3 ⎠
Luoâ n ñuù n g ∀ k thoûa 2k + 1 ≠ 3m ( m ∈ Z )
π ⎛π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ 2
* Khi x = + lπ thì sin ⎜ + 2lπ ⎟ sin ⎜ + 3lπ ⎟ = ± ≠0
4 ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
luoâ n ñuù n g
⎡ π kπ
⎢ x = 6 + 3 , k ∈ Z ∧ 2k ≠ 3m − 1 ( m ∈ )
Do ñoù : (*) ⇔ ⎢
⎢ x = π + lπ, l ∈
⎢⎣ 4
Caù c h khaù c:
(*) ⇔ cotg3x ( tg 2 x cot g 2 2x − 1) = tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x
tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x tg 2 2x.tg 2 x − 1
⇔ cot g3x = =
tg 2 x cot g 2 2x − 1 tg 2 x − tg 2 2x
(1 + tg2x.tgx ) (1 − tg2x.tgx )
⇔ cot g3x =
(tg2x − tgx) ( tg2x + tgx)
⇔ cot g3x = cot gx. cotg3x ⇔ cos 3x = 0 ∨ sin x = cos x

BAØI TAÄP
 ⎛π ⎞
1. Tìm caù c nghieä m treâ n ⎜ , 3π ⎟ cuû a phöông trình:
⎝3 ⎠
⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 7π ⎞
sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟ − 3 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1 + 2 sin x
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ π⎞
2. Tìm caù c nghieä m x treâ n ⎜ 0, ⎟ cuû a phöông trình
⎝ 2⎠
sin 4x − cos 6x = sin (10, 5π + 10x )
2 2

3. Giaû i caù c phöông trình sau:

(
a/ sin 3 x + cos3 x = 2 sin5 x + cos5 x )
sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x
b/ = 3
cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x
1 + cos x
c/ tg 2 x =
1 − sin x
d/ tg2x − tg3x − tg5x = tg2x.tg3x.tg5x
4
e/ cos x = cos2 x
3
⎛ π⎞ 1 1
f/ 2 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = +
⎝ 4 ⎠ sin x cos x
2
i/ 2tgx + cot g2x = 3 +
sin 2x
2
h/ 3tg3x + cot g2x = 2tgx +
sin 4x
2 2 2
k/ sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 2
sin 2x
l/ + 2 cos x = 0
1 + sin x
m/ 25 − 4x 2 ( 3sin 2πx + 8 sin πx ) = 0
sin x.cot g5x
n/ =1
cos 9x
2
o/ 3tg6x − = 2tg2x − cot g4x
sin 8x
(
p/ 2 sin 3x 1 − 4 sin 2 x = 1 )
1 + cos x
q/ tg 2 x =
1 − sin x
2
r/ cos3 x cos 3x + sin 3 x sin 3x =
4
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞ 5
s/ sin4 ⎜ ⎟ + cos4 ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 8
t/ cos x − 4 sin x − 3 cos x sin2 x + sin x = 0
3 3

x x
u/ sin4 + cos4 = 1 − 2sin x
2 2
 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
v/ sin ⎜ 3x − ⎟ = sin 2x.sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠

4
w/ tg x + 1 =
( 2 − sin x ) sin 3x
2

cos4 x
⎛ x ⎞
y/ tgx + cos x − cos2 x = sin x ⎜ 1 + tg tgx ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
4. Cho phöông trình: ( 2 sin x − 1)( 2 cos 2x + 2 sin x + m ) = 3 − 4 cos2 x (1)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 1
b/ Tìm m ñeå (1) coù ñuù n g 2 nghieä m treâ n [ 0, π ]
( ÑS: m = 0 ∨ m < −1 ∨ m > 3 )
5. Cho phöông trình:
4 cos5 x sin x − 4 sin5 x.cos x = sin2 4x + m (1)
Bieá t raè n g x = π laø moä t nghieä m cuû a (1). Haõ y giaû i phöông trình trong tröôø n g
hôï p ñoù .

Th.S Phạm Hồng Danh

TT luyện thi Đại học CLC Vĩnh Viễn