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( )
⇔ 2tgx + 2tgx 1 + tg 2 x = 3 1 + tg 2 x ( )
⎧t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3
⎩2t − 3t + 4t − 3 = 0
2
⎧⎪t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) 2t − t + 3 = 0
2
)
⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈
4
Ta coù :
cos 2x cos2 x − sin2 x cos x cos x − sin x
= =
2
( 2
)
1 + tgx sin x cos x + sin x
1+
cos x
= cos x ( cos x − sin x ) ( do tgx = −1 neân, sin x + cos x ≠ 0 )
cos x 1
Do ñoù : ( *) ⇔
sin x
( )
− 1 = cos2 x − sin x cos x + sin2 x − sin 2x
2
cos x − sin x
⇔ = 1 − sin 2x
sin x
2
⇔ ( cos x − sin x ) = sin x ( cos x − sin x )
⇔ cos x − sin x = 0 hay 1 = sin x ( cos x − sin x ) (**)
⎡ tgx = 1 ( nhaän so vôùi tgx ≠ −1)
⇔⎢ 1 sin x
⎢ = − tg 2 x ( do cos x ≠ 0 )
⎢⎣ cos x cos x
2
⎡ π
⎢ x = + kπ, k ∈
⇔ 4
⎢
⎢⎣2tg x − tgx + 1 = 0 ( voâ nghieäm )
2
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ( nhaän do sin 2x ≠ 0 )
4
Löu yù : coù theå laø m caù c h khaùc
1 1
( * *) ⇔ 1 − sin 2x + (1 − cos 2x ) =0
2 2
⇔ 3 = sin 2x + cos 2x
⎛ π⎞
⇔ 3 = 2 sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟ : voâ nghieäm
⎝ 4⎠
Baø i 133 : Giaû i phöông trình sin 3x + cos 3x + 2 cos x = 0 ( * )
( *) ⇔ ( 3sin x − 4 sin3 x ) + ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) + 2 cos x = 0
⇔ 3sin x − 4 sin3 x + 4 cos3 x − cos x = 0
Vì cosx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m neâ n chia hai veá phöông trình cho cos3 x ≠ 0 ta
ñöôï c
( *) ⇔ 3tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) − 4tg 3 x + 4 − (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0
⇔ − tg 3 x − tg 2 x + 3tgx + 3 = 0
⎧ t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩ t + t − 3t − 3 = 0
⎧⎪ t = tgx
⇔⎨
( )
⎪⎩( t + 1) t − 3 = 0
2
⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ tgx = ± 3
π π
⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈
4 3
5sin 4x.cos x
Baø i 134 : Giaû i phöông trình 6sin x − 2 cos3 x = ( *)
2 cos 2x
⎧ t = tgx vôùi t ≠ ±1
⇔⎨ : voâ nghieäm
⎩t = 1
Baø i 135 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x − 4 sin 3 x + cos x = 0 ( * )
• Vì cosx = 0 khoâ ng laø nghieä m neâ n chia hai veá phöông trình cho cos 3 x thì
( *) ⇔ tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) − 4tg 3 x + 1 + tg 2 x = 0
⎧t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩−3t + t + t + 1 = 0
⎧⎪t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) 3t + 2t + 1 = 0
2
)
⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈
4
Baø i 136 : Giaû i phöông trình tgx sin 2 x − 2 sin 2 x = 3 ( cos 2x + sin x cos x )( * )
( *) ⇔ tg x − 2tg x =
3 2 (
3 cos2 x − sin 2 x + sin x cos x )
cos2 x
(
⇔ tg 3 x − 2tg 2 x = 3 1 − tg 2 x + tgx )
3 2
⇔ tg x + tg x − 3tgx − 3 = 0
⎧ t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩ t + t − 3t − 3 = 0
⎧⎪ t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t + 1) t − 3 = 0
2
)
⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ tgx = ± 3
π π
⇔x=− + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈
4 3
⎡ π⎤
b/ Ta coù : x ∈ ⎢ 0, ⎥ thì tgx = t ∈ [ 0,1]
⎣ 4⎦
Xeù t phöông trình : t 2 − 2mt + 4m − 3 = 0 ( 2 )
⇔ t 2 − 3 = 2m ( t − 2 )
t2 − 3
⇔ = 2m (do t = 2 khoân g laø nghieä m )
t−2
t2 − 3
Ñaët y = f ( t ) = ( C ) vaø (d) y = 2m
t−2
t 2 − 4t + 3
Ta coù : y ' = f ( t ) = 2
( t − 2)
Do (**) luoâ n coù nghieä m t = 1 ∈ [ 0,1] treâ n yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n
⎡( d ) y = 2m khoâng coù ñieåm chung vôùi ( C )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣( d ) caét ( C ) taïi 1 ñieåm duy nhaát t = 1
3
⇔ 2m < ∨ 2m ≥ 2
2
3
⇔ m< ∨m≥1
4
Caù c h khaù c :
Y C B T ⇔ f(t) = t 2 − 2mt + 4m − 3 = 0 ( 2 ) voâ nghieä m treâ n [ 0,1 ) .
⎧Δ ≥ 0
⎪af (0 ) ≥ 0
⎪⎪
Ta coù (2) coù nghieä m ∈ [ 0,1] ⇔ f (0). f (1) ≤ 0 hay ⎨af (1) ≥ 0
⎪
⎪0 ≤ S ≤1
⎪⎩ 2
⎧m2 − 4 m + 3 ≥ 0
⎪
⎪4 m − 3 > 0 3
⇔ ( 4 m − 3) (2m − 2) ≤ 0 hay ⎨ ⇔ ≤ m ≤1
⎪ 2m − 2 > 0 4
⎪⎩0 ≤ m ≤1
3
Do ñoù (2) voâ nghieä m treâ n [ 0,1 ) ⇔ m < hay m >1 hay f (1) = 0
4
3
⇔m< ∨m≥1
4
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caù c phöông trình sau :
a/ cos3 x + sin x − 3sin2 x cos x = 0
b/ sin 2 x ( tgx + 1) = 3sin x ( cos x − sin x ) + 3
c/ 2 cos2 x + cos 2x + sin x = 0
1 − cos3 x
d/ tg 2 x =
1 − sin3 x
e/ sin3 x − 5sin2 x cos x − 3sin x cos2 x + 3cos3 x = 0
f/ cos3 x + sin x − 3sin2 x cos x = 0
g/ 1 + tgx = 2 2 sin x
h/ sin3 x + cos3 x = sin x − cos x
k/ 3tg 2 x + 4tgx + 4 cot gx + 3cot g 2 x + 2 = 0
3(1 + sin x) π x
m/ 3tg 2 x − tgx + − 8 cos 2 ( − ) = 0
cos x2
4 2
sin x + cos x
n/ =1
sin 2x