Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng

Bi tp di mn k thut chiu sng

Yu cu: Thit k chiu sng cho hi trng HSPKT Vinh
Hi trng c a b h = 24m 15m 7m
C hai mc chiu sng:
- Mc 1: c Eyu cu = 500 Lx
- Mc 2: c Eyu cu = 300 Lx
V h s phn x l: [ 1 3 4 ] = [551] t n st trn.
Li m u:
Hi trng l ni din ra cc hot ng vn ho, vn ngh, v nhng hi
ngh cn thit b ch cho cc ton th cc cn b trong trng v sinh vin.
V vy, vic thit k chiu sng l rt cn thit m bo sng cho hi
trng.
Mc ch thit k chiu sng a ra c mt phn b nh sng hp
l m bo cc chi tit k thut, p ng c nhu cu tin nghi nh sng v
thm m trong khng gian thit k.
Ni dung bi ton thit k chiu sng nh sau:
- Thit k s b: qua nghin cu cc khng gian thng gp, hi
chiu sng quc t a ra mt khng gian tiu chun hnh hp bng cch
tnh ton v thc nghim a ra bng tiu chun, bng tra.
Thit k s b a ra phng php chiu sng, cp v s lng b n. a
ra tng quang thng cn cp v chn loi bng n p ng nhu cu cht
lng cng vi li b tr n. Thng b tr li hnh ch nht vi chiu
cao n n nh, bc ny thng thc hin nhiu phng n so snh
cn nhc chn phng n ti u tip tc tnh ton. y yu t thm m
cng c cn nhc trong thit k chiu sng.
- Kim tra thit k: bc ny cn phi thc hin vic tnh ton
tm c cc ri trn trn tng, mt phng lm vic mt cch chnh xc
hn. Sau dung cc kt qu tnh ton c kim tra theo cc tiu chun
t ra v yu cu tin nghi nh sng.

Trnh t thit k
I. Thit k s b
1. Kho st thc a, ly s liu
Qua vic tm hiu hi trng kch thc hnh hc l :
a b h = 24m 15m 7m
2. Chn ri yu cu
Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
- ri c ly lm tiu chun u tin v quan trng nht trong thit
k chiu sng ni tht. Cn c vo ni dung v hot ng ca hi trng th
c ri nh sau:
- Mc 1: c Eyu cu = 500 Lx
- Mc 2: c Eyu cu = 300 Lx
- V thng s b phn x
+ H s phn x ca trn: 1 = 0.5 (trn p g mu )
+ H s phn x ca tng: 3 = 0.5
+ H s phn x ca sn nh: 4 = 0.1

* Vi ri Eyc = 500 Lx
1.Xc nh cp chiu sng v b n
a)Kiu chiu sng
- Kiu chiu sng cn c la chn ph hp vi cc hot ng thng
din ra trong phng. Thng cc khng gian c hot ng thng thng:
vn phng, phng hc, siu th th chn cc phng n kiu trc tip hoc
bn gin tip. Cc khng gian sinh hot, t dinh, khu vui chi gii tr, tip
khch thng chn kiu chiu sng hn hp hoc gin tip.
- Kiu chiu sng trc tip tng cng: dung nhng ni c chiu cao
tng i ln, ri yu cu cao hoc l chiu sng cc b. Khi tng v
khng gian xung quanh s ti.
- Kiu chiu sng trc tip v bn gin tip thng to c khng gian
c tin nghi tt. C mt phng lm vic v tng u c chiu sng theo
mt t l thch hp. Thng ng dng cho chiu sng chung, cc hot ng
thng thng.
- Kiu chiu sng gin tip v bn gin tip: c ng dng ni c ri
thp, tnh thm m v trang tr cao thng ng dng trong t gia, khng gian
gii tr.
Vi hi trng l ni din ra cc hot ng vn ho, vn ngh, cc cuc
hc chnh tr cho sinh vin v nhiu cuc hi tho th chn kiu chiu sng
trc tip rng v bn gin tip.
b)Chn b n
Chn b n cn c vo kiu chiu sng la chn ng thi quan
tm n tnh thm m. Nh vy, trong hi trng th ta chn b n c k
hiu: 0,37G + 0,06 T k hiu DOMINO 265
2.Chn loi n.
Vic chn loi n ph thuc vo cc yu t

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
- Cn c u tin phi ph hp ri yu cu vi nhit mu ca
n theo biu Kioff
- Ch s hon mu phi p ng c yu cu v cht lng nh sng
cho cng vic din ra trong phng
- Tnh kinh t : hiu sut pht quang
- Thi gian khi ng, hiu ng nhp nhy c bit l cho nhng ng
dng chiu sng d phng nhng ni cng cng hoc chiu sng cho
nhng ni quan st chuyn ng.
C mt s n thng dng:
- n hunh quang: nh vo hiu sut pht quang cao, ch s hon
mu t tiu chun, nn n c ng dng rng ri nht trong chiu sng
ni tht.
- n si t: c hiu sut pht quang thp, tui th thp nhng
cht lng hon mu cao (ch s hon mu cao) c ng dng nhng ni
c ri thp, hoc c s dng trong chiu sng cc b, n bn, n
my cng c, n trang tr.
Vic chiu sng cho hi trng ta dung n hunh quang c
= 5100 Lm
3. Chn chiu cao t n.
h : l khong cch t b n n mt phng lm vic
h: l khong cch t b n n trn
h l thng s hnh hc quan trng nht trong cc thng s k thut
quyt nh cht lng thit k.
Khi chn h cn cn nhc kt cu cng trnh, dm nh qut trn
V nguyn tc nh cao, c iu kin chn h ln th s t c
ng u nh sng v hiu sut cao v khi s s dng c bng c cng
sut ln, quang thng ln, thng bng c hiu sut cao hn.
V theo kt cu ngi nh th ta chn n st trn ngha l h = 0\
4. B tr cc b n v s b n ti thiu Nmin
+) B tr cc b n
- Cc bng tra c lp ra trn c s cc b n b tr theo tnh cht t
chc li ch nht trn trn
- Gi tr m, n, q s quyt n vic b tr ng u nh sng v tng
quan v ri gia tng v mt phng lm vic.
+) S b n ti thiu cho mt khng gian Nmin
Vi mt khng gian c chiu cao 7m, kch thc a = 24m, b = 15m t
sau khi chn h v cp ca b n c th xc nh c s im t n t
nht trn trn n bo c ng u nh sng trn mt phng lm
vic.

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
n

T cp ca b n:

hmax

= 1.5

h = H 0.85 = 6.15 (m)

m.n < 1,5 . 6.15 = 9.225(m)
V gi tr ca m, n ph thuc vo p, q
1
1
=> m (n) p ( q ) m ( n )
3

Xt theo phng a
S b n : x =

a
24
=
= 2 .6
9.225
9.225

Chn x = 3 b
Ly p = 0.5 m
=> 2m + 0,5. 2m = 24
=>m = 8 (m)
Chn m = 8 (m) nh vy p = 4 (m)
Xt theo phng b
S b n: y =

b
15
=
=1.6
9.225 9.225

Chn y = 2 b
Ly q = 0.5 n
=> n + 0,5. 2n = 15
=> n = 7,5 (m)
Chn n = 8 (m), nh vy q = 3,5 (m)
Vy s b n nh nht l x y = 3 2 = 6 b
5. Tnh quang thng tng cn cp: tt
Quang thng tng l thng s quan trng nht dng lm c s tnh ra s
b n v li phn b
- Tnh quang thng tng cn cp:
tt =

a.b..E yc
K sd

S ..E yc
k sd

, chn = 1,3 : l h s suy gim

Tm ksd : bng cch tra bng Ud, Ui

=>

tt =

S ..E yc

U d .d +U i .i
a.b

24.15

- Tnh ch s a im K = h.( a +b ) =6,15.(24 +15) =1,5

Tra bng K = 1,5 ta c: Ud = 0,69 , Ui = 0,44
=> ksd = 0,37 .0,69 + 0,06.0,44 = 0,282
=> tt =

24.15.1,3.500
=829787 ( Lm)
0,282

- S b n cn t:

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
tt

829787

N = n. = 2.5100 = 84 b
bd
V kch thc hi trng l hnh ch nht 24 15 m c 84 b n. Nn ta
ly theo phng a l 12 b v theo phng b l 7 b.Lc , khong cch m,
n, p ,q:
+) Theo phng a: Ly p = 0,5m
11m + 2.0,5m = 24
=> m = 2 (m). Vy p = 1(m)
+) Theo phng b: Ly q = 0,75n
6n + 2.0,75n = 15
=> n = 2 (m). Vy q = 1,5 (m)

II). Kim tra thit k:

1. Kim tra cc ri E1, E3, E4
C th Ei =

N .F .
( Fu'' . Ri +S i )
a.b..1000

Trong : N: l s b n
F: l quang thng tng ca mt b n
Fu :l quang thng tng i ring phn mt phng lm vic
Cc ch s Ri,Si tra c bng trang118, c th ta tnh ton c nh
sau:
K = 1,5 , j = 0
Km =
Kp =

2mn
2.2.2
=
=0,325
h( m +n) 6,15.( 2 + 2)
ap +bq
24.1 +15.1,5
=
=0,194
h.(a +b) 6,15.( 24 +15)

Kp
Km

0,194
0,325

= 0,6

=> Kp = 0,6 Km
Tra bng ni suy ta c:
Vi K = 1,5 ta c:

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
K m =0,5 => K p =0,3
K =1 => K = 0,6
p
m

K p = 0,5 => Fu'' = 546

T Km = 0,5 Kp = 0,3 =>
(*)
''
K p = 0,25 => Fu = 493
K p = 1 => Fu'' = 603
T Km = 0,5 Kp = 0,3 =>
(**)
''
K p = 0,5 => Fu = 510
+) Ni suy cp Kp:

T (*) =>

Fu''

T (**) =>

546 493
(0,3 0,25) =503,6
0,5 0,25
603 510
+ 1 0,5 (0,6 0,5) =528,6

= 493 +

Fu''

= 510

Ta ni suy Fu'' = 0,325

Ni suy cp Km:
Fu''

= 503,6 +

528,6 503,6
(0,325 0,5) =494,85
1 0,5

Vy vi K = 1,5 ta c Fu'' = 494,85

Tra bng gi tr R,S trang 128 thit k chiu sng vi b phn x [551] , ni
suy ta tnh c Ri, Si
K
2,5
3
1,5

R1

S1
Cp d Cp i
-0,169 251
1067
-0,171 256
1065
-0,165 241
1071

R3
-1,414
-1,671
-0,9

S3
Cp d Cp i
1478 251
1736 256
962
241

R4
0,723
0,714
0,741

S4
Cp d Cp i
315
407
325
424
295
375

- ri trn mt phng hu ch E4d:

N .F .d
[
R4 d Fu'' + S 4 d ]
E4d =
1000..a.b
84.2.5100.0,37

= 1000.1,3.24.15 [0,741.494,85 +295]

= 448,2 (Lx)
V cp gin tip vi Fu'' = 0
N .F .d
S 4i
E4i =
1000..a.b

84.2.5100.0,06
1000.24.15.1,3

375 = 41,192 (Lx)

E4 = E4d + E4i = 448,2 + 41,192 = 489,392 (Lx)

- ri ln tng E3:

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
E3d =
E3i =

84.2.5100.0,37
[0,9.494,85 +962]
1000.1,3.24.15
84.2.5100.0,06
241 = 26,47 (Lx)
1000.1,3.24.15

=349,96 (Lx)

E3 = E3d + E3i = 349,96 + 26,47 = 376,43 (Lx)

-

ri ln trn :

E1d =
E1i =

84.2.5100.0,37
[0,165.494,85 +241]
1000.1,3.24.15
84.2.5100.0,06
.1071 = 117,6 (Lx)
1000.1,3.24.15

= 107,94 (Lx)

=> E1 = E1d + E1i = 107,94+ 117,6= 225,54 (Lx)

2) Kim tra cc tiu chun
+) ri yu cu
E =

500 489,592
.100% = 2% < 10% t yu cu
500

+)Kim tra tin nghi

E3
376,43
=
=0,77 (0,5 0,8)
E4 489,592

t yu cu

+) tng phn b n trn:

Ld ( = 75o )
Khi nhn trn: r =
Ltr

i vi lao ng tinh: r 20
i vi lao ng th: r 50
.E
0,5.225,54
=35,91 (Cd/m2)
chi khi nhn trn: Ltrn = 1 1 = 3,14
chi khi nhn n: L ( =75o ) =
B n c:

I ( =75o )
S bk

, (Sbk: Sbiu kin )

a =1,7 m

b =0,6 m
c =0,25 m

chi ngang ca b n di d v 75o l:

Sbk = a.b.cos75o + a.c.sin75o = 1,7.0,6.cos75o + 1,7.0,25.sin75o = 0,675 m2

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
I ( =75o ) .

Ing =

1000

=> L ( =75o ) =
=> r =

45.2.5100
=459 (Cd)
1000

459
=680
0,675

680
=18,93 <50
35,91

(Cd/m2)

, t yu cu

chi dc ca b n di d v 75o l:
Id =

I ( =75o ) . 30.2.5100
=
=306 (Cd)
1000
1000

Sbk = a.b.cos75o +b.c.sin75o = 1,7.0,6.cos75o +0,6.0,25.sin75o = 0,41m2

=> L ( =75o ) =
=> r =

306
=746,34 (Cd/m2)
0,41

746,34
=20,78 <50
26,53

, t yu cu

Nh vy vi s b n l 84 b v mi b c hai bng th m bo u nh
sng v nh sng.

*Vi ri Eyc = 300 Lx

1. B tr cc b n v s b n ti thiu ging vi ri 500 Lx
2. Tnh quang thng tng cn cp
tt

a.b..E yc
K sd

, chn = 1,3

Tm Ksd bng cch tra bng Ud,Ui

Ksd = Ud.d + Ui.i
Ta c K =

a.b
=1,5
h( a +b)

Tra bng bng K = 1,5 ta c: Ud =0,69 Ui = 0,44

=.> Ksd = 0,69.0,37 + 0,06.0,44 = 0,282
=>

tt

24.15.1,3.300
=518617
0,282

(Lm)

S b n cn t l:
N=

tt 518617
=
=51 b
n. 2.5100

Do yu cu i vi mc chiu sng ny khng cao nn ta chn l 48 b.

T nu ri trn mt phng lm vic chnh lch nh so vi Eyc M vn
m bo cc tiu chun khc th vic la chn s b n 48 l hp l.
m bo tnh thm m v gii quyt kinh t ta chn s b n l 48.
Hi trng c kch thc hnh ch nht 24m 15m, nn ta chn s b n
theo phng ngang l 12 b v theo phng b l 4 b.
Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
Lc , khong cch m,n, p, q l :
Theo phng a: chn m = 2 (m) v p = 1(m)
Theo phng b: chn n = 4 (m) v q = 1(m)

II)Kim tra thit k

1.
Kim tra cc ri
Tnh E1,E3,E4:
Ei =

N .F .
.( Fu'' .Ri +S i )
a.b.1000.

Tra v ni suy bng trang 116 v 117, theo cp ca b n ta c cc ch s:

Ch s a im: K =

24.15
=1,5
6,15.( 24 +15)

Ch s treo

: j =0

Ch s li

: Km = 6,15.(2 +4) =0,434

Ch s gn

: Kp = 6,15( 24 +15) =0,163

Kp

2.2.4

24.1 +15.1

0,163
=0,375 => Kp = 0,375 Km
K m 0,434
K m =0,5 =>K p =0,1875
Ti K =1,5: K =1 =>K =0,375
m
p

K p = 0 => Fu'' = 435

T Km = 0,5 , Kp = 0,1875 =>
(*)
''
K p = 0,25 => Fu = 493
K p = 0 => Fu'' = 384
Km = 1 , Kp = 0,375 =>
(**)
''
K p = 0,5 => Fu = 510
Ni suy cp Kp :

T (*) => Fu = 435 +

T (**)=>Fu = 384 +

493 435
.(0,1875 0 ) =478,5
0,25 0
510 384
.(0,375 0 ) =478,5
0,5 0

Vy vi K = 1,5 ta c Fu = 478,5

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
S dng php ni suy ta cng tnh c Ri v Si
K R1
S1
R3
S3
Cp d Cp i
Cp d Cp i
2,5 -0,169
251
1067 -1,414 1474 251
3
-0,171
256
1065 -1,671 1736 256
1,5 -0,165
241
1071 -0,9
962
241

ri trn mt phng hu ch:

E 4d =

N .F .d
. R4. Fu'' + S 4 d
1000..a.b

R4
0,723
0,714
0,741

S4
Cp d Cp i
315
407
325
424
295
375

48.2.5100.0,37
[0,741.478,5 +295] =251,43
1000.1,3.24.15

(Lx)

N .F .i
48.2.5100.0,06
.S 4i
. 375 =23,54
1000..a.b
= 1000.1,3.24.15
(Lx)

E4i
=> E4 = E 4d + E4i = 274,97 (Lx)
ri trn tng
48.2.5100.0,37
E 3d = 1000.1,3.24.15 .[0,9.478,75 +962] =205,63 (Lx)
E3i =

48.2.5100.0,06
. 241 =15,13
1000.1,3.24.15

(Lx)

=> E3 = E 3d + E3i = 220,76 (Lx)

ri ln trn:
48.2.5100.0,37
E 1d = 1000.1,3.24.15 .[0,165.478,5 +241] =62,71 (Lx)
E1i =

48.2.5100.0,06
.1071 =67,23
1000.1,3.24.15

(Lx)

=> E1 = 129,194 (Lx)

2. Kim tra cc tiu chun
+) ri yu cu:
E =

300 274,97
.100% = 8,3 % 10%
300

t tiu chun

+) Kim tra tnh tin nghi

E3 220,76
=
=0,8
E4 274,97

t tiu chun

+) tng phn gia b n v trn

chi ca trn:

Ltrn =

1. E1

Theo hng ngang: L ( =75o ) =

0,5.129,94
=20,69
3,14

(Cd/m2)

I ( =75o )
S bk

Trong :
Nhm 1. H K2 in C

10

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng
Ing =

I ( =75o ). 45.2.5100
=
=459
1000
1000

(Cd)

S = a.b.cos75o + a.c.sin75o
=1,7.0,6.cos75o + 1,7.0,25.sin75o = 0,675
459
= 680 (Cd \ m 2 )
L ( =75o ) =
0,675
=> r =

680
=32,57 < 50
20,69

t yu cu

Theo hng dc:

Id =

I ( =75o ). 30.2.5100
=
=376
S bk
1000

(Cd)

S = a.b.cos75o + b.c.sin75o = 0,41

306
= 746,34 (Cd \ m 2 )
=> L ( =75o ) =
0,41
=> r =

746,34
=36 < 50
20,68

t yu cu

Nh vy vi s b n l 48 b, mi b 2 bng th m bo d ng u
nh sng v sng.
*)Li phn b cc b n trn trn

Khi Eyc = 300Lx th bt cc bng mu en

KHi Eyc = 500Lx th bt tt c cc bng.

Danh sch sinh vin nhm 1

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

11

Bi tp di mn Chiu Sng

1. Nguyn Ngc Hng

2. L Vn Hng
3. Nguyn Trng Hng
4. Trn Vit Hng
5. inh Bt Hng
6. Chu Vn Khoa
7. H Vn Lm
8. Bi ng Lc
9. Phm Vit Long
10.Trn Don Long

Nhm 1. H K2 in C

12