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Ths.Trn Ph Tn 1.L Hu Thnh 2.Trng Cng Li 3.Nguyn nh Gip 4.Nguyn Hong Vit DHDT8ALT
17/ 10/ 2013
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I. Tng quan IPv6 II. Cu trc IPv6 III.Cu trc trng header trong gi tin IPv6
I. Tng quan
1. S cn kit ca IPv4 & nguyn nhn pht trin IPv6:
Ngun cung cp a ch mi cho IPv4 cn kit (theo phn tch ca cc t chc qun l ti nguyn khu vc RIR) S pht trin nhanh chng ca cc dch v IP, nhu cu ti nguyn tng cao (di ng, ADSL) Cc gii php k thut nh NAT (Network Address Translation) v Private IP l khng .
PC
Server Cell phone
IPV4
cupper
wireless
Others
1. S cn kit ca IPv4 & nguyn nhn pht trin IPv6 Cc dch v khng ngng pht trin: Ngy cng gia tng nhu cu kt ni internet: bng rng, VoIP, cell phone, thit b cm tay IPv4 khng p ng cho cc nhu cu ny.
PC
Server
Cell
Car
TV
Sensor
Home
IPV6
cupper
wireless
Fiber
PLC
2. u im ca IPv6
1. Khng gian a ch gn nh v hn. IPv6 c chiu di bt (128 bt = 2128 = 3.3*1038 a ch). Mt s nh phn tch cho rng, chng ta khng th dng ht a ch IPv6. 2. Kh nng t ng cu hnh (Plug and Play). 3. Kh nng bo mt kt ni t thit b gi n thit b nhn (u cui u cui).
IPv4
IPv6 5
u im ca IPv6
4. Qun l nh tuyn tt hn. IPv6 c thit k c cu trc nh a ch v phn cp nh tuyn thng nht, da trn mt s mc c bn i vi cc nh cung cp dch v. Cu trc phn cp ny gip trnh khi nguy c qu ti bng thng tin nh tuyn ton cu khi chiu di a ch IPv6 ln ti 128 bt. 5. D dng thc hin Multicast.
u im ca IPv6
6. H tr cho qun l cht lng mng
Nhng ci tin trong thit k ca IPv6 nh: khng phn mnh, nh tuyn phn cp, gi tin IPv6 c thit k vi mc ch x l tht hiu qu ti thit b nh tuyn to ra kh nng h tr tt hn cho cht lng dch v QoS. 7. Kh nng m rng tt. Ipv6 c kh nng m rng tt bng vic s dng phn header m rng ngay sau phn Ipv6 header. Khng ging nh Ipv4 phn la chn ch c 40 byte i vi Ipv6 th phn header m rng ch b hn ch bi kch thc gi tin IPv6. 7
u im ca IPv6
8. Hiu sut:
Gim thi gian x l header & thi gian x l nh tuyn Tng n nh cho cc trng Gim Broadcast Gii hn multicast Khng c checksum
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V d : 1088:0000:0000:0000:0008:0800:200C:463A
Sau khi rt gn :1088::8:800:200C:463A
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a: Unicast
b: Anycast Hnh 6:
c: Multicast
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1. Unicast address
Unicast:
Dng nhn dng tng node Node l im tp hp cc thit b chuyn mch (Router). Gi tin gi ti unicast address c chuyn n mt interface.
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1. Unicast address
Bao gm 4 nhm :
Link-local: Address: nhn dng ng kt ni ni b 10 bit 54 bit 64 bit
1111111010 000000000 Interface id
Site-local Address: dng cho ni b v c th dng cho nhiu nhm. 10 bit 38 bit 16 bit 64 bit
1111111011 0000..000 Subnet ID Interface id
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2. Anycast address
c im:
a ch mang hng bt k. Dng nhn bit tp hp cc node. Mt gi tin gi ti a ch Anycast s c chuyn n mt node gn nht trong tp hp node .
3. Multicast address
a ch a hng. Dng nhn dng tp hp cc node (nhm node) Tng node trong mt nhm c a ch nh nhau. 8 bit 4 bit 4 bit 112 bit
11111111 Flgs Scop Group ID
8 bit: Nhn dng kiu a ch a hng. 4 bit: Nhn dng c hiu. N c dng 000T.
T = 0 dy a ch c NIC cung cp c nh T = 1 dy a ch tm thi.
4 bit k: c gi tr t 0 F (hexa)
Scop = 1 Node local Scop = 2 Link local Scop = 5 Site local Scop = 8 Organizition local Scop = E (global scop a ch ton cu)
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Header ca gi tin IPv6 bao gm 8 trng (40bytes), IPv4 c 12 trng (20 bytes- khng c trng option) hoc (60 bytes - c trng option). Do cu trc ca trng header ca IPv6 n gin hn nn vic x l thng tin s nhanh hn.
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Vertion: 4 bit, ch th phin bn giao thc s dng, c gi tr l 6 ch Ipv6. Traffic Class: 8 bit, ch mc u tin ca gi tin Ipv6.
Flow Label: 20 bit, ch ra gi tin ny thuc v mt tp cc gi tin gia nt ngun v nt ch do cc router Ipv6 trung gian s thc hin x l tt hn. Trng ny thng c dng vi cc dch v thi gian thc (thoi, truyn hnh). Khi trng ny c gi tr mc nh l 0 (khng yu cu x l c bit cc router trung gian). Gia nt ngun v nt ch c th tn ti nhiu ngun d liu v chng c phn bit cc gi tr khc 0 ca trng ny.
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Payload Length: 16 bit, ch th di ca phn ti trng. Gi tr ny bao gm c phn mo u m rng ca Ipv6, do kch thc ln nht ca phn ti trng ca Ipv6 l 65535 byte. Vi phn ti trng c kch thc ln hn th trng ny c gi tr bng 0 v gi tr ca trng Hop-by-Hop trong phn header m rng s l Jumbo Payload (ti trng ln).
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Next header: 8 bit, dng giao thc s dng lp trn hoc xc nh phn mo u m rng u tin (nu c). Hop limit: 8 bit, xc nh s lng kt ni ln nht m gi tin c chuyn tip ti ch trc khi b hu, ngha ca trng ny tng t nh trong Ipv4, khi Hop limit c gi tr l 0 th mt bn tin ICMPv6 s c gi ti ngun v gi tin b hu.
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Source Address: 128 bit, cha a ch ngun v gi tin. Destination Address: 128 bit, cha a ch ch ca gi tin.
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Header n gin hn l do s thay i ca 1 s phng thc hot ng . Header c cng kch thc nn b trng header length. Qu trnh fragmentation (phn on) ch do source node thc hin nn cc Router ko tham gia vo qu trnh fragmentation trng fragmentation ko cn thit .
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IV. ICMPv6
L giao thc s dng bn tin ICMPv6 thng bo li hoc thu ht cc p ng t 1 node ly thng tin cn thit. C nhim v n gin l bo cho sender bit vic gi data i c vn . Cu trc : Type : 8 bit , ch ra loi bn tin ICMPv6, (0-127)l bn tin error mess, (128-255) l bn tin thng bo Code : 8 bits ph thuc vo trng type Checksum : 16 bits Mess body : cha d liu
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IV. ICMPv6
Mt s loi bn tin ICMP : Destination unreachable: c gi cho node ngun khi R nhn c gi tin m n ko th gi i u c. Packet too big: c gi cho node ngun khi Router nhn c gi tin ln hn gi tr MTU ca link.
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IV. ICMPv6
Mt s loi bn tin ICMP : Time exceeded: - Khi gi tin chy trong mng trong khong thi gian qu lu m ko n ch . - Gi tin vt qu c thi gian phn mnh v ghp mnh qu lu .
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IV. ICMPv6
Mt s loi bn tin ICMP : Parameter problem: c gi cho node ngun khi c vn
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IV. ICMPv6
Mt s loi bn tin ICMP : ICMPv6 Echo Funtion : echo request v echo reply
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Key Management
Security Association
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