Huong Dan Su Dung Midas

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu
1.Xy dng s tnh ca kt cu 3 1. Xy dng s tnh ca kt cu ..................................................................................... 4 1.1 La chn n v tnh ............................................................................................... 4 1.1.1 Tng quan ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1.2 V d : .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1.3 Cc cch la chn n v trong Midas/Civil ................................................... 4 1.2 M hnh ho hnh hc.............................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 La chn h to .......................................................................................... 6 1.2.1.1 H trc to tng th (GCS :Global coordinate system) .......................... 6 1.2.1.2 H trc to phn t (ECS :Element Coordinate System) ....................... 7 1.2.1.3 H to ti nt (NCS : Node coordinate system) ..................................... 8 1.2.1.4 H to t nh ngha (UCS : User coordinate system) ........................... 8 1.2.2 Xy dng h thng li (Grid) trong Midas/Civil ........................................ 14 1.2.2.1 H thng li im (Point Grid) ............................................................... 14 1.2.2.2 H thng li dng ng thng (Line Grid)............................................ 16 1.2.3 M hnh ho nt (Node modeling) ................................................................ 16 1.2.3.1 To nt : Create node ................................................................................ 17 1.2.3.2 Cc chc nng iu chnh vic m hnh ho nt khc .............................. 20 1.2.3.3 Qun l h thng nt bng bng nt (Nodes table) ................................... 23 1.2.4 M hnh ho phn t (Elements) ................................................................... 24 1.2.4.1 Cc loi phn t c h tr bi Midas .................................................... 24 1.2.4.2 Cc lnh m hnh phn t .......................................................................... 29 1.2.4.3 Bng qun l phn t (Elements Table). ................................................... 32 Bng qun l phn t lu gi cc thng s v .......................................................... 32 1.3 Khai bo v vt liu ............................................................................................... 33 1.3.1 Trnh t m hnh c trng vt liu ........................................ 33 1.3.2 Trnh t gn vt liu cho cc phn t............................................................. 36 1.3.3 Trnh t khai bo c trng vt liu thay i theo thi gian:......................... 37 1.3.3.1 nh ngha thng s vt liu v co ngt v t bin .................................... 37 1.3.3.2 nh ngha hm s ca m un n hi ca b tng ................................. 38 1.3.3.3 Gn c trng vt liu thay i theo thi gian cho cc vt liu c nh ngha trc : ........................................................................................................... 39 1.4 Khai bo v mt ct ............................................................................................... 40 1.4.1 Nhp, qun l c trng mt ct cho cc phn t dng ng thng (Section) ....................................................................................................................... 40 1.4.1.1 Gi chc nng nhp c trng mt ct ...................................................... 40 1.4.1.2 Cc dng mt ct c Midas/Civil h tr ................................................ 41 1.4.2 Section Stiffness Scale : ................................................................................. 51 1.4.3 Thay i mt ct theo nhm phn t (Tapered Section Group)................... 51 1.5 Khai bo v iu kin bin .................................................................................... 53 1.5.1 Beam End Release ......................................................................................... 53 1.5.2 Rigid Link...................................................................................................... 56 1.5.3 Node Local Axis:........................................................................................... 58 2 M hnh ho cc tc ng ln kt cu (vi kt cu cu) ............................................... 61 2.1 M hnh ho cc giai on thi cng....................................................................... 61 2.2 Trnh t m hnh cc giai on thi cng ca mt kt cu tng qut:..................... 62 2.3 M hnh cc giai on thi cng cho mt cu c hng c th............................... 62 2.3.1 Phn chia cc giai on thi cng. .................................................................. 62 2.3.2 M hnh ho nhm kt cu ............................................................................ 63
Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh
Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu 2.3.2.1 nh ngha nhm kt cu: ......................................................................... 63 2.3.2.2 nh ngha nhm iu kin bin: .............................................................. 66 2.3.2.3 nh ngha nhm ti trng: ....................................................................... 67 2.3.2.4 nh ngha cc giai on thi cng ............................................................. 68 2.3.3 Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng ................................................................. 77 2.3.4 Gn ti trng thi cng .................................................................................... 78 2.3.4.1 Nhp trng lng bn thn: ...................................................................... 78 2.3.5 Nhp ti trng xe c..................................................................................... 79 2.3.6 Nhp ti trng b tng t ............................................................................. 81 2.3.7 Nhp ti trng d ng lc: ............................................................................. 85 2.3.7.1 Khai bo c trng cp d ng lc ............................................................ 85 2.3.7.2 Khai bo ng b tr cp.......................................................................... 87 2.3.7.3 Gn ti trng d ng lc ............................................................................ 91 2.4 M hnh ho hot ti.............................................................................................. 92 2.4.1 Trnh t khai bo hot ti............................................................................... 92 2.4.1.1 Chn tiu chun hot ti. .......................................................................... 92 2.4.1.2 Khai bo ln xe .......................................................................................... 93 2.4.1.3 nh ngha ti trng xe .............................................................................. 96 2.4.1.4 nh ngha nhm xe ................................................................................... 99 2.4.1.5 nh ngha trng hp ti trng hot ti: ............................................... 100 2.5 M hnh ho tnh ti phn 2................................................................................. 103 3 T hp ti trng ........................................................................................................... 105 4 t yu cu tnh ton, chy chng trnh.................................................................... 106 5 Qun l kt qu thu c............................................................................................. 106 5.1 Kim tra cc thng s u vo:............................................................................ 106 5.1.1 Chc nng Display....................................................................................... 106 5.1.2 Chc nng Display Option........................................................................... 107 5.2 Xem kt qu ni lc tng giai on thi cng. ...................................................... 108 5.3 Xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti........................................................................... 111 5.3.1 Kt qu ng nh hng ti mt mt ct bt k ....................................... 111 5.4 Xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti........................................................................... 112 5.4.1 Kt qu mmen ln nht do hot ti gy ra ti mt mt ct nh sau: ......... 112 5.4.2 Kt qa lc ct nh nht ti mt mt ct di tc dng ca HL 93M: ....... 113 5.5 Mt s phng php xut file kt qu di dng text hoc hnh v (Bng cc lnh Export, Print...) ................................................................................................................ 113
S chung phn tch ni lc cu bng Midas/Civil

Bt u
S tnh Vt liu iu kin bin Ti trng tc dng Cc ti trng v t hp ti trn Nhm kt cu, nhm iu kin bin v nhm ti trng Cc giai on thi cng M hnh ho nt M hnh ho phn t M hnh ho iu kin bin M hnh ho vt liu M hnh ho mt ct M hnh cc giai on thi cng
Chun b cc d liu cn thit ca bi ton
M hnh ho kt cu
M hnh ho ti trng
T hp ti trng
Thit lp thng s cho qu trnh gii bi ton
Ti trng tnh -Khai bo ti trng tnh -Khai bo cc nhm ti trng tnh (trong cc giai on thi cng) -Gn ti trng tnh ln kt cu -Gn ti trng tnh ln cc giai on thi cng Ti trng di ng (hot ti) Tu thuc vo quy nh trong -Khai bo ln xe TC thit k s dng m tin -Khai bo loi ti trng hnh t hp cc ti trng. -Khai bo trng hp xe Vi 22TCN272-05 th xt cc Ti trng ng t hp sau: T hp ti trng cng 1 T hp ti trng cng 2 T hp ti trng cng 3 T hp ti trng cho TTGH II T hp ti trng cho trng thi gii hn III
Chy chng trnh, phn tch, nh gi kt qu
Kt thc
1.
Xy dng s tnh ca kt cu
1.1 La chn n v tnh

1.1.1 Tng quan
Midas Civil cung cp n v tnh cho hai yu t [th nguyn] c bn ca bi ton phn tch kt cu l a. [ chiu di ] : m, cm, mm, ft (feet), in (inch) b. [ Lc ] : N, kN, kgf, tonf, lbf, kips ng vi cc n v khi lng l kg, tn (ton), kg, tn (ton), lb, kips/g. Tt c cc yu t khc chiu di v lc s c n v tnh l t hp ca hai th nguyn c bn trn.
1.1.2 V d :
ng sut : [Lc ][chiu di]-2 :
tonf N , ... 2 mm ft 2
M men qun tnh (I) : [chiu di]4 : m4, mm4, ft4 ... Cc cch m hnh n v tnh trong Midas Civil:
1.1.3 Cc cch la chn n v trong Midas/Civil

Cch 1 : Chn : Tool -> Unit System -> Xut hin bng sau :
Ct Length : dng chn n v chiu di Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh 4

Ct Force(Mass) : dng chn n v lc nh du vo Set/Change Default Unit System mc nh s dng cc n v chn cho ton b qu trnh m hnh ho kt cu v ti trng. Chn xong Nhn OK lu kt qu chn v tr v mn hnh chung Nhn Cancel hu qu trnh chn v tr v mn hnh chung Cch 2 : Ta cng c th trc tip chn n v tnh trn mn hnh nh sau:
Quan st trn thanh Status gc phi, pha di mn hnh chnh. Ta thy c hai hin th cc n v hin hnh (trn hnh l kN v m). Ta c th thay i n v trc tip trn mn hnh bng cch chn vo nt th (option buton) : . Ta c bn cun ln nh sau :
Tin hnh di chut n n v mong mun ri click tri chut chn. Ch : Ta hon ton c th thay i n v trong qu trnh m hnh ho m khng lm nh
hng n kt qu.tnh.
1.2 M hnh ho hnh hc

La chn h to -> To li m hnh -> M hnh cc nt -> m hnh cc phn t.
1.2.1 La chn h to
phc v qu trnh m hnh ho kt cu, Midas Civil cung cp 4 loi h trc to c bn sau y: a. H trc to tng th : GCS b. H trc to phn t (EGS) c. H trc to nt (NGS) d. H trc to t nh ngha (UCS)
1.2.1.1 H trc to tng th (GCS :Global coordinate system)

GCS l mt h trc to Cc vung gc bao gm 3 trc X,Y,Z i mt vung gc vi nhau, c chiu tun theo quy tc bn tay phi. Cc trc k hiu bng ba ch in hoa : X,Y,Z. im gc c mc nh c to (0,0,0). Chiu ca GCS hin th trn mn hnh gc phi, pha di :
V tr im gc (0,0,0) c nh du trn mn hnh :
Trong mn hnh chnh ca Midas Civil, trc Z ca GCS mc nh trng vi trc thng ng ca mn hnh, do vy trong qu trnh m hnh ho, nn quy c trc thng ng ca kt cu trng vi trc Z ca h to tng th. Mi im trn mn hnh Midas u tng ng vi mt to nht nh trong h to tng th, cc gi tr (X,Y,Z) ny c hin th thanh Status Bar
Theo hnh trn, im hin ti (v tr chut hin ti) c to trong h to tng th l X = -1.83 m, Y=-5.49 m, Z = 0 m.

GCS c dng m hnh ho kt cu (v tr nt (X,Y,Z) v tr v, chiu ca phn
t) v ti trng ( im t v chiu ca ti trng...).

GCS cng c dng lm mc nh ngha v xc nh cc h to khc (UCS, ECS, NCS).
1.2.1.2 H trc to phn t (ECS :Element Coordinate System)

H trc to phn t (ECS) cng c dng 3 trc i mt vung gc (h to Cc). Chiu dng ca cc trc c xc nh theo quy tc tam din thun (quy tc bn tay phi). Cc trc ca h to ny c k hiu bi cc ch ci thng : (x,y,z).
Chiu cc trc c quy nh nh sau : Trc x : dc theo phn t, c chiu trng vi chiu ca phn t. Trc z : vung gc vi x, c chiu to vi Z ca GCS mt gc nhn, thng l trc yu ca mt ct (mmen qun tnh ca mt ct quay trc z thng
nh hn mmen qun tnh quanh trc y)

Trc y : xc nh t x, y theo quy tc tam din thun.
Gc ca ECS ly im gia phn t. ECS c dng hin th cc kt qu, d liu lin quan n phn t nh ni lc trong phn t, ng sut... V d : Tnh ra c ni lc dc trc trong phn t th k l 9kN, ta bit rng ni lc dc c phng trng vi phng x, chiu ngc chiu x v c gi tr bng 9kN.
1.2.1.3 H to ti nt (NCS : Node coordinate system)

Trong gii bi ton kt cu bng phng php phn t hu hn (ly chuyn v nt lm n), ta ch cn s dng h to a phng t ti phn t v h to tng th ca kt cu tnh ton. Nh vy, vic xut hin h to nt (NCS) thc cht l thun tin cho vic m hnh ho iu kin bin ti nt v ti trng, chuyn v t ti nt. NCS cng l mt h to Cc vung gc, k hiu (x,y,z). Gc t ti nt. NCS c dng m hnh cc iu kin bin v chuyn v gi nh sau:
o o o
Gi cng (Supports) Gi n hi (Spring supports) Chuyn v gi (Displacements of support)
1.2.1.4 H to t nh ngha (UCS : User coordinate system)

thun tin cho vic m hnh ho kt cu nhng v tr c bit hoc phn kt cu c dng c bit (v d m hnh cc phn t thuc cng mt mt phng trong kt cu tng th l kt cu khng gian), ta c th t nh ngha ly h to cho ph hp ri t m hnh kt cu, ti trng. UCS c thit lp t l mc l GCS, UCS cng l mt h to Cc vung gc. Khi nh ngha UCS, ni chung cc yu t cn khai bo l :

To gc ca UCS (Origin) Phng, chiu ca cc trc. Midas/Civil cung cp 8 kiu khai bo UCS nh sau: 1. X-Y plane : H to phng (x,y) trong mt phng X-Y ca GCS. Trnh t khai bo : Bc 1 : Gi X-Y plane UCS. Cch 1 : Model > User Coordinate System > X-Y plane
Cch 2 : Trn mn hnh chnh nhn chut phi, chn User Coordinate System > X-Y plane
Cch 3 : Ti ca s Tree-menu bn tri mn hnh, chn Menu > Geometry-> User Coordinate System >X-Y plane
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Bc 2 : Nhp cc thng s v X-Y plane UCS
Ti dng Coordinate Origin nhp to gc ca UCS trn h to tng th. Ti dng Rotation Angle Angle nhp gc nghing (c du) to bi chiu dng ca trc x trong X-Y plane UCS vi chiu dng ca trc X ca h to tng th. V d nh trong bng nhp trn, gc ca h to t nh ngha (USC) s c to X = 3m, Y = 1m, Z = 4m trong h to GCS, ng thi, chiu dng ca trc x ca UCS nghing mt gc bng +450 so vi chiu dng ca trc X trong h to tng th 2. X-Z plane UCS : H to phng (x,y) trong mt phng X-Z ca h to tng th. Cch gi v nhp d liu hon ton ging vi X-Y plane UCS. 3. Y-Z plane UCS : H to phng (x,y) trong mt phng Y-Z ca h to tng th. Trnh t khai bo hon ton ging vi X-Y plane UCS. 4. Three point USC : H to khng gian (x,y,z) c nh ngha bi ba im. H to ny c inh ngha t ba thng s l a. V tr gc to trong h to tng th.
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b. To ca mt im thuc trc x ca h to ny trn h to tng th c. To ca mt im thuc mt phng x-y ca h to ny trn h to tng th. Cc thng s trn c nhp qua bng sau :
Ti dng Coordinate Origin : nhp v tr ca gc h to a phng trong h to tng th (v d (X,Y,Z) = (-3.05,-6.1,0)m) Ti dng Pt. on x-Axis : nhp to ca mt im thuc trc x ca h to a phng trong h to tng th ( v d X =1 m, Y=0 m, Z =0 m) Ti dng Pt.on x-y : Nhp to ca mt im thuc mt phng x-y ca h to a phng trong h to tng th ( V d X =0 m, Y = 1 m, Z =0 m) 5. Three angle (Ba gc) Dng Three - angle UCS l mt h to cc 3 chiu trong khng gian (x,y,z), c dng ln t h to tng th thng qua cc php bin hnh ln lt nh sau : a. Tnh tin gc ca GCS v v tr mi ( s l v tr gc ca UCS sau ny) b. Quay h to tnh tin quanh trc song song vi X mt gc nh trc
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c. Quay tip h to thu c quay trc song song vi Y mt gc nh trc d. Quay tip h to thu c quay trc song song vi Z mt gc nh trc Cc bc c th hin qua bng trong Midas/Civil nh sau :
Trong hnh, gc ca h to mi c to (X,Y,Z) bng (5,-3,-7) m trong h to h to tng th. Gc quay quay trc X l 450, quay trc Y l 100, quay trc Z l 250. 6. Named Plane 7. USC by USC 8. Named UCS Ch : Ta c th nh ngha nhiu UCS tin m hnh ho, nhng trong qu trnh m hnh ho phi lun nh mnh ang m hnh trong h to no. To ca im hin hnh trong UCS c ghi thanh Status bar pha di mn hnh.
Chuyn i gia GCS v UCS :
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Trong qu trnh m hnh ho c lc ta s dng GCS, c lc li dng UCS. chn mt trong hai dng h trc to ny ta click v cc biu tng: UCS icon GCS icon trn thanh UCS/GSC bar: v
1.2.2 Xy dng h thng li (Grid) trong Midas/Civil

Midas civil cng cp hai dng h thng li tin cho vic m hnh kt cu bng cch v trc tip trn mn hnh chnh, l H thng li dng im v h thng li dng ng
thng. Chc nng ny tng i ging vi chc nng Grids trong Auto Cad, tin cho vic
m hnh cc bi ton n gin.
1.2.2.1 H thng li im (Point Grid)

H thng li dng im c th p dng trong h to tng th cng nh trong h trc to t nh ngha. H thng li ny c xy dng t 3 tham s l a. Khong cch gia cc im thuc li theo phng X (x). b. Khong cch gia cc im thuc li theo phng Y (y). c. ng bin ca li. (c dng hnh ch nht trong h to 2 chiu X-Y) Cc cch khai bo h thng li im trong Midas/Civil nh sau :
Bc 1 : Gi bng khai bo :
Cch 1: Model -> Grids -> Define Point Grid.
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Cch 2 : Chn bng cch click vo biu tng Define Point Grid trn thanh Grid and Snap bar trn mn hnh:
Bc 2 : Khai bo
Ti phn Grid Spaces (dx,dy), ta khai bo khong cch gia cc im thuc h thng li theo phong x v phng y. Tai phn Model Boundary ta khai bo bin ca h thng li theo th t (x1,y1,x2,y2) vi (x1,y1) l to im u ca bin hnh ch nht, (x2,y2) l im cui ca bin hnh ch nht).
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Trong hnh trn ta khai bo khong cch gia cc im lin nhau theo phng x l 0.5 m, khong cch gia cc im lin nhau theo phng y l 0.5 m. Li c xy dng nm trong mt bin bao hnh ch nht c to im u l (0,0), im cui l (10,10) m. Khai bo xong nhn OK lu.
1.2.2.2 H thng li dng ng thng (Line Grid)

khai bo h thng li dng ng thng, ta cng c th lm theo hai cch cch 1 : Click trc tip vo Define Line Grid icon trn thanh Grid bar
cch 2 : Chn Model ->Grid ->Define Line Grid
Khi khai bo Line Grid, ta phi tin hnh khai bo tng nhm ng thng mt theo phng x v phng y. Line Grid cho php khong cch gia cc ng trong li c linh ng hn Point Grid, tuy nhin, khai bo cng tn cng hn.
1.2.3 M hnh ho nt (Node modeling)

Khi nim c bn v nt c trnh by phn trn Di y ch trnh by cc cch khai bo nt Cc thuc tnh trong m hnh ho nt
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To nt : Create node Xo nt : Delete node Dch chuyn nt : Translate node Quay nt : Rotate node Devide : Phn tch nt Merge : ng nht nt Mirror : to nt i xng Scale : phng to h thng nt Compact node number : renumbering : nh s li nt Start number : chn nt bt u
1.2.3.1 To nt : Create node

a. Gi chc nng to nt bng mt trong cc cch sau: Chn : Model -> Nodes -> Create Nodes Nhn t hp phm : Crl + Alt + 1 mn hnh chnh nhn chut phi, chn Create Node trong bng hin ra. b. Sau khi gi, chc nng to nt xut hin bn tri mn hnh nh sau :
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Dng Create Node th hin chc nng hin hnh ca chng trnh l to nt, t y, ta c th t v tr nt bng 3 cch Nhn chut trc tip ln v tr cn t nt trn mn hnh G to ca nt cn t vo menu Coordinates (x,y,z) ri nhn Enter Nhn vo icon nm bn phi dng Create Node nhp v tr nt thng
qua bng nt (Node Table). Bng Entry ca menu to nt cn cung cp nhng chc nng h tr vic to nt nh Start Node Number : S th t ca nt c to, Midas mc nh cho nt mi to thnh c s th t bng s th t ca nt c s th t ln nht trc cng thm vi 1. thay i mc nh ny, ta c th quy nh cch nh s th t nt khc bng cch nhn vo icon bn phi dng Start Node Number :
Trn bng Node Numbering, ta la chn 1 trong 3 gii php nh s th t nt l : Smallest Unused Number : Dng s th t b nht cha dng Largest Used Number +1: Dng s th t ln nht dng cng thm 1 User- Defined Number : T t s nt. Chn xong nhn OK lu li kt qu chn v thot, nhn Cancel thot m khng lu li kt qu chn.
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Copy : Cho php ng thi to nhiu nt cch nhau nhng khong nh trc Times of Copy : s ln copy nt Distances (dx, dy, dz) : Khong cch gia cc nt to thnh theo phng x,y,z. Merge Duplicate Nodes Chc nng cho php t ng ng nht cc nt cnh nhau trong mt khong b no thnh mt nt. Midas mc nh khong b bng 0.000914 m. thay i khong cch ny ta nhn vo icon Duplicate Nodes : bn phi chc nng Merge
Tin hnh nhp gi tr khong cch mong mun ri nhn OK lu li v thot ra ngoi.
Intersect Frame Elements Chc nng cho php t ng phn chia cc ng thng ang c ( v dm, thanh dn...) thnh 2 phn mi ti v tr t nt. c. V d v to nt thng qua bng Entry :
Ta nhp cc gi tr trong bng Entry nh sau :
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Sau khi chn Apply, kt qu to nt trn mn hnh nh sau:
Nh vy, ta thy, bn cnh nt 1c to thnh c to (-2,4,0), chc nng Copy t ng to thm 5 nt t 2 n 6, theo , nt 2 cch nt 1 theo phng x mt khong bng 1 m, theo phng y mt khong bng 0 m, theo phng z mt khong bng 0 m, nt 3 cch nt 2 tng t...
1.2.3.2 Cc chc nng iu chnh vic m hnh ho nt khc

1.2.3.2.1 Chn nt hin hnh
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Trc khi tin hnh vic iu chnh mt hai nhiu nt no , ta phi tin hnh chn nt hin hnh. C 2 cch lm sau :
Cch 1 : Nhn vo icon Select Single
trn thanh cng c Selection, sau nhn
chut tri chn cc nt cn iu chnh trc tip trn mn hnh. Ch rng cng c Select Single cho php chn c nt v phn t, do , nu chn Nt ring th nn chn theo cch th 2.
Cch 2 : chn nt thng qua s th t ca nt.

Ta g trc tip s th t cc nt cn chn ln dng nhc trng bn tri icon Select node ca thanh cng c Selection :
Nh hnh trn, nt s 1 v cc nt t 3 n 5 c la chn.
1.2.3.2.2 Xo nt : Delete node

Sau khi tin hnh la chn cc nt cn xo bng cc cch chn nt hin hnh nh trn, ta nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xo nhng nt chn.
1.2.3.2.3 Dch chuyn nt : Translate node

Translate node l chc nng cho php dch chuyn hoc copy mt nt c ti mt v tr mi. gi chc nng Translate node ta dung mt trong cc cch sau : Nhn t hp phm Alt + Crtl + 3 Trn mn hnh chnh nhn chut phi, chn Nodes -> Translate Model -> Nodes -> Translate Node Bng Translate Node hin ra bn tri mn hnh nh sau :
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Trong bng, cc option v Start Node Number, Merge Duplicate Nodes, Copy Node Attributes, Intersect Frame Element c chc nng v cch nhp thng tin ging nh ni trong chc nng Create Node. Option Mode cung cp 2 la chn l Copy : to nt mi mt v tr c quy chiu v nt hin hnh (gi nguyn nt hin hnh) Move : Di chuyn nt hin hnh n v tr mi.
Option Translation i hi nhp vo khong cch t v tr nt hin hnh n v tr nt mi, c th la chn Equal Distance (khong cch gia cc nt c to thnh l khng i) hoc Unequal Distance (khong cch gia cc nt mi to thnh khng bng nhau)
1.2.3.2.4 Quay nt : Rotate node 1.2.3.2.5 Devide : Phn tch nt
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1.2.3.2.6 Merge : ng nht nt 1.2.3.2.7 Mirror : to nt i xng 1.2.3.2.8 Scale : phng to (thu nh) h thng nt
Cho php phng to (thu nh) h thng nt theo cc phng x,y, z vi mt t l nh trc, gc phng l im tu chn.
1.2.3.2.9 Compact node number : 1.2.3.2.10 Renambering : nh s li nt
Chc nng cho php nh li s th t ca nt theo khong cch n im gc theo cc phng x, y, z (Cartesian Coordinate) hoc theo khong cch tuyt i t nt n gc to (Cylindarical Coordinate).
1.2.3.3 Qun l h thng nt bng bng nt (Nodes table)

Cc thng s v h thng nt c th hin trc quan trn mn hnh chnh, bn canh , cng c th hin qua mt bng ghi s th t, to ca cc nt. xem bng nt ta lm theo mt trong s cc cch sau : Nhn t hp phm Alt + Crtl + N Trn mn hnh chnh nhn chut phi, chn Nodes -> Nodes Table Model -> Nodes -> Nodes Table Bng h thng nt c dng :
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Bng hin th 4 thng s : S th t ca nt ( Node) , to ca nt theo 3 phng x,y,z. Trong , to ca nt theo 3 phng c th c sa cha trc tip trong bng nt.
1.2.4 M hnh ho phn t (Elements)
1.2.4.1 Cc loi phn t c h tr bi Midas

Midas Civil h tr 9 loi phn t thng dng. Di y tin hnh phn tch tng loi phn t. a. Truss (phn t gin) nh ngha Truss l phn t thng, ni 2 nt, phn t truss ch chu ko nn dc trc, khng chu un, ct.
Cc thng s ca phn t truss cn khai bo bao gm Vt liu (Material) Mt ct (Section) Nt hai u phn t (Nodal conectivity) hng ca mt ct (hay hng ca h trc to phn t) (Orientation)
Ch : Khi khai bo vt liu v mt ct phi khai bo s liu c th tnh ra c cng chng ko, nn ca phn t (E v A)
p dng Dng m hnh cc thanh trong h gin v cc thanh ch chu ko, un khc. b. Tension-Only (Truss/Hook/Cable) ( Phn t ch chu no: Dn / Mc/ Cp)
24

nh ngha L loi phn t ni 2 nt, ch c kh nng chu ko, khng chu nn, un, ct, xon. Phn loi Truss (Phn t dn chu ko)
Khi nhp cc c trng ca phn t dn ch chu ko, ngoi cc thng s v vt liu, mt ct, 2 nt 2 u v hng mt ct, ta cn phi nhp thm gi tr lc nn cho php (Allow.Comp.) Hook (Phn t mc)
i vi phn t dng Tension only Hook (phn t mc), ngoi nhng c trng v vt liu, mt ct, 2 nt 2 u v hng mt ct, ta phi nhp thm chiu di on dn t do ca phn t (hook) Cable (Phn t cp)
25
Khi nhp phn t dng Cable, bn cnh cc c trng v mt ct, vt liu, nt, hng mt ct, ta phi nhp thm 2 thng s l t s Lu/L (t s gia chiu di thc ca cp Lu v khong cch gia 2 nt L). lc cng trc trong cp (Pretension). Phn t cp s c dng m hnh cp treo, dy treo. c. Compression-only (Truss/Gap) (Phn t ch chu nn : gin, gap) nh ngha L phn t thng ni 2 nt, ch c kh nng chu nn, khng chu ko, un, ct, xon. Phn loi Truss (thanh gin ch chu nn)
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C th dng m t cc thnh gin bng b tng (chu ko rt km). Khi nhp cc c trng ca phn t ny, ngoi nhng c trng nh vt liu, mt ct, nt v chiu mt ct, ta phi nhp thm thng s v lc ko cho php (Allow.Tens.). Gap L dng phn t chu nn sau khi co li mt gi tr nht nh.
Vi phn t dng compression only-Gap, bn cnh cc thng s c bn ca mt phn t chu nn, ta cn phi nhp thm gi tr Gap. Gi tr Gap l khong chiu di m kt cu co ngn li trc khi xut hin ni lc chng li lc nn. d. General beam/Tapered Beam (phn t dm : dm thng thng, dm c mt ct
thay i)
nh ngha Dng phn t ni 2 nt, c kh nng chu ko, nn, un, ct v xon. Cc thng s ca phn t Vt liu (Material) Mt ct (Section) Nt hai u phn t (Nodal conectivity) hng ca mt ct (hay hng ca h trc to phn t) (Orientation)
Ch : Khi khai bo vt liu v mt ct phi khai bo s liu c th tnh ra c cng chng ko, nn(EA), cng chng un (EI), ct (GA) v xon (GJo)
27

p dng Phn t dng beam c dng m hnh cc phn t trong khung, cc thanh dm... e. Plate nh ngha : Tm phng ni 4 nt Phn loi :
Theo dy mng
Thick : tm dy Thin : tm mng
Theo s nt
3 nodes ( tm phng xc nh bi 3 nt)
4 nodes (tm xc nh bi 4 nt)
p dng Phn t tm c th c dng m hnh ho bn mt cu.
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Cc thng s ca phn t tm Vt liu tm (Material) dy tm (Thickness) f. Plane Stress ( Phn t ng sut phng) nh ngha Cc thng s ca phn t g. Plane Strain ( Phn t bin dng phng) nh ngha Cc thng s ca phn t h. Axissymmetric (Phn t i xng trc) nh ngha Cc thng s ca phn t i. Solid (Phn t khi) nh ngha Cc thng s ca phn t
1.2.4.2 Cc lnh m hnh phn t

Create Elements
Chc nng : To phn t mi Gi :

o Model-> Elements->Create Elements o Alt + 1 o Trn mn hnh chnh click chut phi -> Elements -> Create Element
Gii thch cc thng s trn bng Entry (bng nhp)
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o o Start Node Number : Xem phn Create Node Start Element Number : S th t ca phn t s c to thnh. ( Midas mc nh s th t ca phn t mi to thnh bng s th t ln nht dng trc cng thm 1, nu mun thay i cch nh STT ta nhn vo icon bn phi dng Start Element Number. o Element Type (Dng ca phn t) : Chn mt trong 9 dng phn t lit k trn dng ph hp vi kt cu cn m hnh. o Material (Vt liu) : Chn loi vt liu phn t c to thnh t cc vt liu c nh ngha thng qua s th t ca loi vt liu (No.) hoc thng qua tn ca loi vt liu c nh ngha. Nu mun nh ngha loi vt liu mi th nhn vo icon o .
Section (Mt ct) : Chn loi mt ct nh ngha thng qua s th t ca loi mt ct (No.) hoc qua tn ca mt ct (Name). Nu mun nh ngha mt mt ct mi cho phn t th nhn vo .
Orientation : (Chiu cc trc z,y ca h trc to phn t ECS). c xc nh bng 1 trong 2 cch :
Xc nh thng qua gc (Beta Angle) : Gc to bi

chiu dng ca trc z trong ECS vi chiu dng ca trc Z i qua nt th nht v song song vi trc Z trong GCS.
(v d vi =0 v =600)
Xc nh thng qua im tham chiu (Ref.point)

Nhp vo to ca im tham chiu, Midas s t ng tnh hnh chiu trn mt phng Y-Z ca gc to bi im , gc ta v trc Z ca gc to , ly lm gc
Ch : Khi quay trc ca ECS th mt ct cng quay theo.
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o
o
Nodal Connectivity : STT cc nt gii hn phn t. Intersect : chc nng cho php t ng chia ct phn t ti cc nt.
Create Line Elements on Curve : To cc phn t thng nm theo mt qu o cong Delete : Xo phn t Translate : Dch chuyn phn t Rotate : Quay phn t Mirrow : Ly i xng
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Extrude : To phn t bng cch di chuyn nt. Devide : Chia tch phn t Merge : ng nht phn t Intersect Change Element parameter : thay i cc thng s ca phn t. Compact element number Renumbering : nh s li phn t
1.2.4.3 Bng qun l phn t (Elements Table).

Cu trc bng qun l phn t
Bng qun l phn t lu gi cc thng s v

S th t phn t (Ct Element) Dng phn t (Ct Type v Sub Type) Vt liu ca phn t ( ct Material) Dng mt ct ( ct Property) Gc nh hng mt ct ( Angle) Cc nt gii hn phn t (Node1, Node2, ...Node8) Loi phn t (Kind) dn di/ co ngn trc khi chu lc (Hook/Gap) Lc ko trc (Tension)
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T s gia chiu di thc v khong cch gia 2 nt (Lu/L) Bng cch qun l phn t qua bng nh vy, ta c th kim sot c cc c trng ca phn t, c th thay i hoc sa cha cc c trung phn t mt cch trc tip trn Bng qun l ( Element Table)
Xt mt v d l phn t c s th t 2006 ly t bng phn t trn, ta thy phn t ny c cc c trng l : loi phn t : dm (beam) loi vt liu : 2 loi mt ct : 4 Gc nh hng mt ct () bng 00. Phn t b gii hn bi 2 nt l nt 2005 v nt 2006. Do c dng dm nn cc gi tr Hook, Gap, Lc ko trc (tension) u bng 0. T s gia chiu di thc v khong cch gia 2 nt Lu/L =1.
1.3 Khai bo v vt liu

1.3.1 Trnh t m hnh c trng vt liu
C 3 cch: T menu Model\ Properties\Material... Nhy chut phi, trong mc Properties chn Material... Trn Tree Menu bn tri mn hnh, trong mc Geometry \ Properties\ Material...
Hp thoi Properties, chn mc Material, nhy nt Add..., xut hin hp thoi sau:
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Ti dng Material ID: nhp s hiu ca vt liu (chng trnh t ng nh s theo th t) Ti dng Name: Nhp tn loi vt liu Ti dng Type of Design: chn loi vt liu v chn cc tiu chun k thut v vt liu tng ng mc bn phi ( Steel hoc Concrete) Nhy OK
* V d khi khai bo mt loi vt liu l Thp, trnh t nh sau: Model\ Properties\ Materials... Materials ID> 1 Name> A36 Type of Design> Steel; Standard> ASTM; DB> A36
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* V d khai bo vt liu l Cp (Tendon), nh sau Model\ Properties\ Materials... Materias ID> 2 Name> Cap Type of Design> User Defined Type of Materials: Loi vt liu> Isotropic (ng hng) User Defined: Thng s do ngi s dng t nh ngha Modulus of Elasticity (M un n hi)> 2.108 (kN/m2) Poissons Ratio (H s Poat xng)> 0.3 Thermal Coefficient ( H s gi n n nhit)> 10-5 (1/[T]) Weight Density (Trng lng bn thn)>0
35
1.3.2 Trnh t gn vt liu cho cc phn t

Cch 1: To phn t. Trong hp thoi , mc Material, chn loi vt liu thch hp t danh sch vt liu s xung hoc nhy vo nt phn t. to loi vt liu cn thit ngay trong khi to
Cch ny thng c dng khi m s lng loi vt liu trong kt cu nh.
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Cch 2: To phn t, nhng khng gn c trng vt liu. Sau khi to xong ton b s ca kt cu, dng chc nng ko th (Drag and Drop) gn vt liu cho tng phn t.
Cch ny thng c dng khi m s kt cu phc tp, c nhiu loi vt liu.
Ch : Chng trnh Midas cn h tr vic m hnh cc vt liu thay i theo thi gian. y l mt tin ch phc v vic phn tch cc giai on thi cng ca 1 cy cu nhp ln khi xt n co ngt v vng di hn, hay khi phn tch tch cht thu nhit ca mt kt cu c c trng vt liu thay i theo thi gian (c bit l vt liu Btng)
1.3.3 Trnh t khai bo c trng vt liu thay i theo thi gian:
1.3.3.1 nh ngha thng s vt liu v co ngt v t bin

Model\ Properties\ Time Dependent Material (Creep \ Shrinkage).
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Name: tn loi vt liu Code: m hiu CEB: nhanh > RC Normal or rapid hardening cement: Ximng thng hoc ximng ng cng nhanh> N,R Slow hardening cement: Ximng ng cng chm > SL Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage> Tui ca BT ngy bt u xt n co ngt> 3 (ngy) Compression strength of concrete at the age of 28 days: Cng chu nn ca b tng tui 28 ngy > 28 000 kN/cm2 Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40 -99): m tng i ca khng kh> 70% Notational size of member: >1 (m) Type of cement: loi ximng Rigid hardening high strength cement: Ximng cng cao ng cng
Nhn OK
1.3.3.2 nh ngha hm s ca m un n hi ca b tng

Model\ Properties\ Time Dependent Material (Comp. Strength)
38
Nhp tn loi vt liu ti dng Name> C4000 Ti dng Type, chn Code Development of strength: S pht trin cng Ti dng Code, chn CEB-FIP Concrete Compression strength at 28 days: Cng chu nn tui 28 ngy> 28 000 kN/m2 Cement Type(s): Loi ximng N, R:0.25 Nhy nt Redraw Graph :V biu cng chu nn ca BT Nhy OK
1.3.3.3 Gn c trng vt liu thay i theo thi gian cho cc vt liu c nh ngha trc :
Model\ Properties\ Time Dependent Material Link Time Dependent Material Type: chn loi vt liu c tnh cht thay i theo thi gian. Creep/ Shrinkage: Co ngt/ t bin> C4000 Comp. Strength: Cng chu nn> C4000 Materials: chn C4000, nhn nt
Select Material to Assign: chn loi vt liu cn gn Operation: Nhn nt Add/ Modify Nhn Close
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1.4 Khai bo v mt ct
1.4.1 Nhp, qun l c trng mt ct cho cc phn t dng ng thng (Section)
Cc dng phn t dng ng thng bao gm Truss, Tension-only, Compression-only, Cable, Gap, Hook, Beam Element
1.4.1.1 Gi chc nng nhp c trng mt ct

C th dng mt trong cc cch : Model -> Properties -> Section mn hnh chnh, click phi chut, chn Properties -> Section Nhp trc tip trong qu trnh m hnh phn t : xem Create Element Sau khi gi chc nng nhp mt ct, chng trnh hin ra bng nh sau :
40
Ti y ta nhn vo Add : nhp mt ct mi. modify : sa i mt mt ct c sn. Delete : Xo mt ct c. Copy: Copy mt ct. Import : Nhp mt ct t mt file MCB c sn. Renumber : nh s li mt ct.
1.4.1.2 Cc dng mt ct c Midas/Civil h tr

Midas/Civil h tr 7 loi mt ct l DB/ User : Loi mt ct t nh ngha hoc la chn theo cc tiu chun
41
Bng Entry c dng nh trn hnh v, yu cu ta phi ln lt nhp nhng thng s nh sau : Section ID (s hiu ca mt ct) : trong hnh trn t l 1 Name ( Tn ca mt ct ) : trong hnh trn t l thanh cheo Dng mt ct : (ch I, ch C, ..)
La chn gia mt ct t nh ngha (User) hay mt ct nh hnh theo cc tiu chun (DB): o Nu mt ct chn theo nh hnh th phi la chn tiu chun quy nh tng ng (Midas h tr cc b tiu chun gm : AISC, BS, JIS...)
42

o Nu mt ct t nh ngha th phi nhp cc kch thc mt ct La chn tn ca mt ct trong tiu chun, v d nh trn hnh ta chn mt ct W30x477 trong tiu chun AISC. Chn im tham chiu ca mt ct trong kt cu (Offset):
Thng thng, nu mt ct thuc kt cu nhp ta chn im tham chiu l Center-Top (im gia bin trn), nu mt ct thuc tr, ta thng chn Centroid (trng tm). To ca phn t c m hnh ho trong phn m hnh phn t chnh l to ca im tham chiu. Sau khi la chn xong c th xem kt qu tnh cc c trng hnh hc ca mt ct bng cch nhn vo Value : Nhp kch thc mt ct theo dng c trc.
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Mt ct dng Value yu cu nhp cc thng s : Section ID (S hiu mt ct) Name (tn mt ct ) Dng mt ct : mt trong cc dng sau.
Cc kch thc ca mt ct im tham chiu SRC : mt ct dng btng c li thp c (v d nh dm Pre-beam).
44
Cc thng s cn khai bo bao gm Section ID (s hiu mt ct) : Name (tn mt ct) : Shape (dng mt ct) : Midas/Civil h tr cc dng mt ct nh sau :
45
Concrete Data (kch thc b tng) Steel Data (S liu v thp) : C th nhp t nh ngha hoc chn dng mt ct nh hnh theo tiu chun. Material (S liu v vt liu) : C th chn loi vt liu c nh sn bng cch nhn vo , chng trnh s t ng
tnh ra cc thng s quy i vt liu hoc c th nhp trc tip cc thng s quy i vt liu bao gm o Es/Ec : t s gia m un n hi ca thp v m un n hi ca b tng. o Ds/Dc : t s gia khi lng ring ca thp v khi lng ring ca b tng. o Ps : h s Pot-xng cho thp. o Pc : h s Pot-xng cho btng. Offset (im tham chiu) Combined : Dng mt ct ghp gia 2 thp hnh hoc thp t hp. Midas/Civil cung cp cc dng mt ct Combined nh sau :
46
Vic nhp cc c trng mt ct tng t nh vi cc mt ct trc. PSC : Mt ct hp b tng.
Ti dng Section ID: nhp s hiu ca mt ct Chn loi mt ct hnh hp bn cnh (PSC-1CELL, 2CELL: loi hp c 1 ngn, 2 ngn)
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Trong mc Joint On/ Off: nh du vo cc JO1, JO2... tng ng vi mt ct cn khai bo chng trnh t ng gn cc gi tr tng ng bng 0) ( C th khng nh du vo cc ny nhng ngi s dng th phi t nhp cc gi tr bng 0 ti cc kch thc khng cn thit) Ti Section Type: chn loi hp cn khai bo: 1 Cell: hp c mt ngn 2 Cell: hp c hai ngn Nhp cc kch thc vo mc Outer v Inner Ti mc Offset: chn v tr gc ca mt ct (tu thuc tng m hnh tnh)
Nhn nt
minh ho v tr gc ca mt ct xem bng tnh cc c trng hnh hc ca
Nhn nt mt ct, xut hin hp thoi sau
Tapered : Mt ct thay i dc theo phn t. Vi phn t c mt ct thay i, ta phi nhp cc thng s nh sau :
48

Section ID (s hiu mt ct) : Name (tn mt ct) : Shape (dng mt ct) : Cc dng mt ct trong Tapered bao gm y cc dng mt ct cp (User/DB, Combined, SRC, PSC) Kch thc mt ct ti nt i (nt u) o C th c nhp trc tip o C th tra tiu chun (nu l mt ct nh hnh) o C th import t mt mt ct c nh ngha (nu l dng PSC) Kch thc mt ct ti nt j (nt cui) o C th c nhp trc tip o C th tra tiu chun o C th import t mt mt ct c nh ngha (nu l dng PSC) Offset (im tham chiu trn mt ct) Dng thay i mt ct theo trc y : C cc dng thay i l o Linear : dng ng thng o Parabolic : dng ng cong bc hai o Cubic : dng ng cong bc 3 Dng thay i mt ct theo trc z : C cc dng thay i l o Linear : dng ng thng o Parabolic : dng ng cong bc hai o Cubic : dng ng cong bc 3
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Composite : Nhp mt ct lin hp. Midas/Civil h tr cc kiu mt ct lin hp l : Steel Box Steel I Composite I Composite T User Vic nhp cc thng s cng tng t nh i vi cc mt ct trn. Di dy phn tch mt v d cho trng hp thng gp l dm thp lin hp bn b tng ct thp
v d hnh trn,
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Bn b tng c b dy tc 0.2 m, b rng lm vic Bc l 1.2 m Khong cch gia bn b tng v dm thp l Hh = 0 m Dm thp c chiu cao bng (Hw) l 1.27 m, dy bng (tw) l 0.02 m, B rng cnh trn (B1) l 0.3 m, chiu dy cnh trn l tf1 bng 0.02 m, b rng cnh di B2 = 0.3 m, b dy cnh di tf2 bng 0.02 m. T s m un n hi ca thp so vi m un n hi ca b tng: Es/Ec = 7.1179 T s khi lng ring ca thp so vi khi lng ring ca b tng Ds/Dc =3.2716 im tham chiu (offset) l im gia bin trn ca mt ct.
1.4.2 Section Stiffness Scale : 1.4.3 Thay i mt ct theo nhm phn t (Tapered Section Group)
Chc nng cho php nh ngha s thay i mt ct lin tc trn mt nhm phn t. Chc nng ny khc vi dng mt ct Tapered trong Tab Section ni trn ch, chc nng Tapered trong Tab Setion ch cho php thay i mt ct trong phm vi mt phn t. Do vy, s dng Tapered Section Group s cho php m hnh ho s thay i mt ct cho mt nhm phn t nhanh hn vic s dng mt ct Tapered cho tng phn t.
51

Gi chc nng Tapered Section Group: Dng mt trong cc cch sau : Model -> Properties -> Tapered Section Group Trn mn hnh chnh (Model View) click chut phi -> Properties -> Tapered Section Group Gii thch cc thng s phi nhp bng u vo (Entry) ca menu Tapered Section Group: Sau khi gi, bng u vo ca menu Tapered Section Group hin ra bn tri mn hnh nh sau :
Ti dng Group Name: nhp tn nhm mt ct thay i Ti dng Element List: nhp s hiu ca phn t c mt ct thay i ( khng chn nhm phn t, nn bt nt trn thanh cng c hin s hiu ca phn t hoc vo View\ Display...\ Trong Tab Element, chn Element ID, nhy OK) Trong mc Section Shape Variation: nhp kiu thay i mt ct - Theo trc z: z-axis Linear: thay i dng bc nht Polynomial: thay i dng bc cao Ti dng Symetric Plane: nhp mt phng i xng Ti dng From, chn i hoc j tu vo v tr tm ca mt phng i xng nm u i hay u j ca phn t. Vi v d ny, do tm ca ng cong parabol nm u i ca phn t s 1 nn ta chn i mc From. Ti dng Distance: nhp khong cch t u i ca phn t n v tr tm ca ng cong: nhp l 0.
52

- Theo trc y: y- axis ngha ca cc chc nng cng tng t nh trc z. Tuy nhin thng mt ct khng thay i theo phng y nn chn Linear Nhy nt Add.
Khi trong hp thoi trn xut hin nhm mt ct v trn ca s Model, mt ct c dng nh sau:
Nhy Close.
1.5 Khai bo v iu kin bin

1.5.1 Beam End Release
Chc nng: dng gii phng cc t do cc u ca phn t, m bo cho phn t lm vic theo ng s tnh hc. C 3 cch gi lnh ny:
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Model\ Boundary\ Beam End Release.. Nhy chut phi vo mn hnh chnh ca chng trnh, mc Boundary, chn Beam End Release... Hoc trn Tree Menu bn tri mn hnh, chn mc Geometry\ Boundary\ Beam End Release... Xut hin hp thoi:
Ti dng Boundary Group Name, chn nhm iu kin bin mc nh (Default) hoc nhm iu kin bin nh ngha sn. Trong trng hp cha c nhm iu kin bin th c th khai bo ng thi bng cch nhp vo nt ... bn phi. Ti mc Option, la chn chc nng ph hp: - Add/ Replace: thm hoc thay th cc iu kin gii phng hai u ca phn t dm c la chn - Delete: xo iu kin gii phng hai u ca phn t dm c la chn. General Types and Partial Fixity: dng chn loi lin kt v cc h s c nh tng bc t do c hai u ca phn t trong h to phn t ECS. Trong mc Type: c hai la chn - Relative: nhp h s c nh bc t do hai u ca phn t theo t s cng ca phn t dm tng ng. V d:
54

Vi la chn Relative, nh du vo My v nhp gi tr 0 ngha l gii phng hon ton thnh phn mmen i vi trc y ca h to ECS ti mi u ca phn t. - Value: nhp h s c nh t do hai u ca phn t theo gi tr cng ca phn t tng ng. Cn c vo c im ca tng phn t m tch vo cc la chn Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz...v nhp cc h s trong mu trng bn cnh (nu c). - Fx: gii phng thnh phn lc dc trc theo trc x ca h to ECS (nhp h s nu c) - Fy: gii phng thnh phn lc ct theo trc y ca h to ECS (nhp h s nu c) - Fz: gii phng thnh phn lc ct theo trc z ca h to ECS (nhp h s nu c) - Mx: gii phng thnh phn mmen xon i vi trc x ca h to ECS (nhp h s nu c) - My: gii phng thnh phn mmen i vi trc y ca h to ECS (nhp h s nu c) - Mz: gii phng thnh phn mmen i vi trc z ca h to ECS (nhp h s nu c) n gin cho ngi s dng, thay v la chn theo cc thnh phn cng trn, chng trnh h tr 4 la chn nhanh: - Pined Pined: gii phng thnh phn cng chng un theo c hai trc y v z c hai u ca phn t la chn. - Pined Fixed: gii phng thnh phn cng chng un theo c hai trc y v z u i (nt N1) ca phn t c la chn. - Fixed Pined: gii phng thnh phn cng chng un theo c hai trc y v z u j (nt N2) ca phn t c la chn. - Fixed Fixed: xo mi la chn lp trc (a phn t tr li iu kin ngm ban u). Chn phn t cn gii phng iu kin bin bng cc chc nng la chn (xem li phn cc nhm lnh c bn trn thanh Toolbar ca chng trnh). Nhn nt Apply. V d : Cho s kt cu nh sau:
2
1
1
4
5
Trnh t nh sau: 1. Model\ Boundary\ Beam End Release
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2. Boundary Group Name> Default 3. Option> chn Add/ Replace 4. Type> chn Relative Trong ct j-Node: chn Mz = 0 Hoc chn nt 5. Chn phn t s 2 6. Nhn nt Apply 7. Chn phn t s 3. Ti ct i- Node: chn Mz=0 Hoc chn nt 8. Nhn nt Apply. My=0 My = 0
1.5.2 Rigid Link

Chc nng ny dng khng ch cc dch chuyn tng i v hnh hc ca mt kt cu.
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Chc nng ny dng hn ch t do ca Slave Node (nt ph thuc) theo Master Node (nt chnh). Khi thc hin chc nng ny, tt c cc thuc tnh (ti trng nt v trng lng nt) v thnh phn cng ca nt ph thuc s c chuyn thnh cc thnh phn tng ng ca nt chnh. C 3 cch gi lnh ny: Model\ Boundary\ Rigid Link.. Nhy chut phi vo mn hnh chnh ca chng trnh, mc Boundary, chn Rigid Link... Hoc trn Tree Menu bn tri mn hnh, chn mc Geometry\ Boundary\ Rigid Link... Xut hin hp thoi:
Ti dng Boundary Group Name, chn nhm iu kin bin mc nh (Default) hoc nhm iu kin bin nh ngha sn. Trong trng hp cha c nhm iu kin bin th c th khai bo ng thi bng cch nhp vo nt ... bn phi. Ti mc Option, la chn chc nng ph hp: - Add/ Replace: gn nt c chn l nt ph thuc hoc thay i iu kin lin kt cng - Delete: xo iu kin lin kt cng ti nt c chn Trong mc Master Node: Ti Master Node Number: nhp s hiu ca nt chnh C hai cch nhp:
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- Cch 1: nhp s hiu ca nt chnh t bn phm - Cch 2: nhy con tr vo cn nhp, chuyn sang mu xanh, v dng chut ch vo nt la chn. Ch : Khi chn nt ph thuc (Slave Nodes) phi dng cc chc nng SELECT (bng cch vo Menu\ View\ Select). Mc DOF of Rigid Link: chn t do ca nt chnh cn gn cho nt ph thuc. - Dx: t do v chuyn v theo phng trc X ca h to GCS. - Dy: t do v chuyn v theo phng trc Y ca h to GCS. - Dz: t do v chuyn v theo phng trc Z ca h to GCS. - Rx: t do v chuyn v quanh trc X ca h to GCS. - Ry: t do v chuyn v quanh trc Y ca h to GCS - Rz: t do v chuyn v quanh trc Z ca h to GCS. Typical Types: mt s dng thng dng, n gin ho cc bc nhp iu kin trn. - Rigid Body Connection: khng ch dch chuyn tng i cu nt chnh v nt ph thuc ging nh chng c ni vi nhau bng mt vt th cng dng khi. - Rigid Plane Connection: khng ch dch chuyn tng i ca nt chnh v nt ph thuc ging nh chng c ni vi nhau bng mt vt th cng, phng song song vi cc mt phng X-Y, Y-Z, X-Z. Khong cch gia cc nt qua mt phng c gi khng i. - Rigid Translation Connection: khng ch dch chuyn tng i ca nt chnh v nt ph thuc theo trc X, Y, Z. - Rigid Rotation Connection: khng ch chuyn v gc xoay tng i ca nt chnh v nt ph thuc i vi trc X, Y, Z. Copy Rigid Link: copy cc iu kin lin kt cng c nh ngha trong mc DOF of the Rigid Link v gn ng thi cc iu kin cho cc nt c chn. - Axis: chn trc cn c copy - Distance: chn khong cch cn copy. Ch : Phi tn ti cc nt ti v tr cn copy Rigid Link Nhn Apply.
1.5.3 Node Local Axis:

Chc nng ny cho php to ra mt h to a phng ti nt c chn, phc v cho vic m t iu kin bin ca gi nghing hay xut kt qu phn lc ti nt. C 3 cch gi lnh ny: Model\ Boundary\ Node Local Axis..
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Nhy chut phi vo mn hnh chnh ca chng trnh, mc Boundary, chn Node Local Axis... Hoc trn Tree Menu bn tri mn hnh, chn mc Geometry\ Boundary\ Node Local Axis...
Xut hin hp thoi
Ti mc Options: c 2 la chn: - Add/ Replace: to mi hoc thay th h to nt nh ngha cho nt c chn. - Delete: xo h to nt lp ti nt c chn. Ti mc Define Local Axis: la chn phng php lp h to a phng ti nt c chn. Ti dng Input Method: c 3 la chn - Angle: h to a phng ca nt c chn c lp trn c s 3 gc xoay: about x: gc xoay quanh trc X ca h to GCS about y: gc xoay quanh trc y- l trc quay quanh trc X. about z: gc xoay quanh trc z- l trc quay quanh trc X v trc y - 3 points: h to a phng ti nt c lp trn c s 3 im. P0: nhp to im gc ca h to a phng ca nt P1: nhp to mt im bt k trn trc x ca h to a phng ca nt P2: nhp to ca mt im bng cch dch chuyn t im P1 v song song vi trc y ca h to a phng ca nt. - Vector: h to a phng ca nt c lp trn c s 2 vector V1: vector theo phng ca trc x, bt u t im gc ca h to a phng ca nt.
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V2: vector bt u t im gc ca h to a phng ca nt ti im P2 xc nh theo phng php 3 Points trn. Chn nt cn lp h to a phng. Nhn nt Apply Ch : Chc nng Node Local Axis cn c s dng kt hp vi cc chc nng sau: Supports: gn iu kin bin Point Spring Supports: gn gi n hi ti mt im General Spring Supports: gn gi n hi tng qut Surface Spring Supports: gn gi n hi cho nn Specified Displacement of Supports: gn chuyn v cng bc cho gi Reation Forces/ Moments: Xut kt qu phn lc v mmen phn lc trong mc Reations Reations: xut kt qu ng nh hng phn lc trong mc Influence Lines Reations: xut kt qu mt nh hng phn lc trong mc Influence Surfaces
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2 M hnh ho cc tc ng ln kt cu (vi kt cu cu) 2.1 M hnh ho cc giai on thi cng

Khi thit k cc cu trong giai on thi cng, v nguyn tc chng ta phi m hnh ho nhiu s tnh hc vi cc ti trng v iu kin bin tng ng. Cng vic ny lp i lp li nhiu ln, rt mt thi gian v khng trnh khi nhng sai st trong qu trnh m hnh ho s tnh, ti trng cng nh iu kin bin. Chng trnh Midas/ Civil cho php xc nh cc giai on thi cng v cc thnh phn nhm phn nh ng trnh t thi cng cng trnh. y l mt cng c mnh, cho php m hnh cc giai on thi cng khc nhau theo mt s cc phng php thi cng ca kt c btng d ng lc ko trc v ko sau, vic cht ti cng nh d ti cc kt cu tm. N cng cho php thc hin vic phn tch ngc cc cng trnh cu khu ln nh cu treo v cu dy vng, v phn tch thu nhit theo cc phn on b tng. Chng trnh Midas/ Civil a ra 3 loi giai on Base Stage: giai on ban u Construction Stage: giai on thi cng Post-Construction Stage: giai on sau khi thi cng xong, cng trnh i vo khai thc. Base Stage: l giai on thc hin cc phn tch chung khi cha nh ngha cc giai on thi cng. Khi nh ngha cc giai on thi cng v chun b s kt cu, Structure Group (nhm Kt cu), Boundary Group (nhm iu kin bin) v Load Group (nhm ti trng) u c nh ngha v c gn trong giai on Base m khng nh hng n kt qu phn tch. Construction Stage: l giai on thc hin phn tch qu trnh thi cng. y l giai on thit lp cc iu kin bin v ti trng ca cc nhm iu kin bin v nhm ti trng c kch hot tng ng vi tng giai on thi cng.
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Post- Construction Stage: l giai on cui cng ca qu trnh thi cng. y l giai on tin hnh cc phn tch c bit nh hot ti, ph phn ng... Trong chng trnh ny, cc giai on thi cng c thit lp thng qua Nhm Kt cu, Nhm iu kin bin, v nhm Ti trng nh chc nng Kch hot (Activation) v Khng kch hot (Deactivation) cc phn t lin quan. Theo , mi mt giai on s tng ng vi cc iu kin hnh hc, iu kin bin v ti trng c kch hot tng ng vi mi mt giai on thi cng. Mt im khc bit ca chng trnh Midas/ Civil so vi cc chng trnh phn tch kt cu khc l ch: chng trnh Midas h tr vic m hnh ho cc giai on thi cng thng qua chc nng Additional Steps. V c bn, chc nng kch hot v khng kch hot cc iu kin thay i nh thm hay phn t, iu kin bin v ti trng c thc hin bc u tin ca mi giai on thi cng. Do vy, cc giai on thi cng phi phn nh c s thay i ca h kt cu theo kt cu thc t tng ng vi tin xy dng. V vy, s lng cc giai on thi cng s tng ln theo s lng cc cng trnh kt cu tm. S thay i kt cu v mt phn t, iu kin bin c nh ngha bc u tin trong mi giai on thi cng. Additional Steps c nh ngha trong mt giai on
2.2 Trnh t m hnh cc giai on thi cng ca mt kt cu tng qut:

Bc 1: Chun b s cc giai on thi cng (Phn on t dm v cc s thi cng). Bc 2: Chun b thng s v xe c v thit b thi cng. Bc 3: M hnh ho cc giai on thi cng M hnh ho nhm kt cu (Structure Group): o nh ngha nhm kt cu o Gn nhm kt cu M hnh ho nhm iu kin bin (Boundary Group): o nh ngha nhm iu kin bin o Gn cc nhm iu kin bin M hnh ho nhm ti trng (Load Group): o nh ngha nhm ti trng o Gn nhm ti trng. M hnh cc giai on thi cng: o nh ngha cc giai on thi cng. o Gn cc nhm kt cu, nhm iu kin bin, nhm ti trng tng ng vi tng giai on thi cng. Bc 4: Gn ti trng ng vi tng giai on thi cng.
2.3 M hnh cc giai on thi cng cho mt cu c hng c th

2.3.1 Phn chia cc giai on thi cng.
Xt mt v d cu c hng 3 nhp : 75+120+75
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S cu: c trn gio 14m c hng cn bng t tr ra 2 bn: 12/2+4@3+6@3.5+5@4 (m)
75 120 75
14
5@4
6@3.5
4@3
12
4@3
6@3.5
5@4
5@4
6@3.5
4@3
12
4@3
6@3.5
5@4
14
g1 Hl1
K15K14K13 K12 K11K10 K9 K8 K7 K6 K5K4 K3 K2 K1
K0
K13K14K15 K1 K2 K3 K4K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11K12
K15 K14K13 K12 K11K10 K9 K8 K7 K6 K5K4 K3 K2 K1 Hl3
K0
K1 K2 K3 K4K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11K12 K13K14K15 Hl2
g2
Cc giai on thi cng: 1. Thi cng tr1 v tr 2 : 60 ngy 2. Thi cng t K0 trn tr 1, 2 : 7ngy ... 17. Thi cng t K15 trn tr 1, 2 : 7ngy 18. Hp long nhp bin tri (HL 1) : 7ngy 19. Hp long nhp bin phi (HL2) : 7 ngy 20. Hp long nhp gia (HL 3) : 7 ngy 21. G b lin kt cng tm gia t K0 v tr, thay bng lin kt gi : 0 ngy 22. Thi cng lp ph, lan can, cc thit b trn cu : 30 ngy 23. Giai on khai thc : (xt cho cui thi k khai thc : 100 nm)
2.3.2 M hnh ho nhm kt cu
2.3.2.1 nh ngha nhm kt cu:

Vi tng giai on thi cng, tng phn ca kt cu ln lt xut hin v tham gia chu lc. Cc phn xut hin c tng ng vi mi nhm kt cu (structure group. Gi chc nng nh ngha nhm kt cu : Model\ Group\ Define Structure Group
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Ti dng Name: Nhp tn nhm kt cu (v d nhp Pier) Ti dng Suffix: nhp cc ch s cui (v d 1 to 2, ngha l nhp Pier1, Pier2) Nhn Add Nt Modify: c chc nng thay i tn ca nhm kt cu nhp Nt Delete: c chc nng xo nhm kt cu nh ngha Sau nhn Close. Gn nhm kt cu: T Tree Menu, chn tab Group Chn phn t cn gn bng chc nng SELECT Nhp chut vo nhm kt cu v dng chc nng ko th (Drag and Drop) gn nhm kt cu cho cc phn t tng ng. V d vi s cu c hng trn, ta s c 40 nhm kt cu nh sau : 1. Tr 1 : P1 2. Tr 2 : P2 3. K0 Tr 1 4. K1 Tr 1 5. K2 Tr 1 ... 18. K15 Tr 1 19. K0 Tr 2 20. K1 Tr 2 21. K2 Tr 2 ... 34. K15 Tr 2
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35. HL 1 ( hp long bin tri) 36. HL 2 ( hp long bin phi ) 37. HL 3 (hp long nhp gia) 38. G1 : ( gio tri) 39. G2 : ( gio phi) 40. Super : (Nhm kt cu chu tnh ti phn 2 + hot ti) V d m hnh nhm kt cu Tr 1 Model\ Group\ Define Structure Group.. Name > Tru 1 Suffix < > Add. Lm tng t cc nhm kt cu khc ta c kt qu nh sau:
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2.3.2.2 nh ngha nhm iu kin bin:

Vi s cu dm c hng 3 nhp nh trn, ta s c 5 nhm iu kin bin nh sau : 1. Ngm ti chn tr 1 v tr 2 2. Lin kt cng tm thi gi t K0 v tr 1, 2. 3. Lin kt gi ti hai m 4. gio thi cng ti 2 nhp bin 5. Lin kt gi ti nh tr 1, 2 ( thay cho lin kt cng na) Trnh t khai bao mt nhm iu kin bin nh sau: Model\ Group\ Define Boundary Group
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Name ( Tn ca nhm iu kin bin) : BC Suffix (S th t) : 1to5 Add.
2.3.2.3 nh ngha nhm ti trng:

Ti trng thi cng l nhng ti trng ch tc dng trong giai on thi cng v s c d i sau khi thi cng xong. Tu thuc vo phng php thi cng m c cc loi ti trng khc nhau. Trong phng php thi cng phn on, cng ngh thi cng hng (c hng hay lp hng) l mt gii php xy dng ang c p dng ph bin. y trnh by ti trng cho cc giai on thi cng c hng. Cc ti trng thi cng bao gm: 1. Ti trng xe c 2. Ti trng b tng t 3. Ti trng bn thn ca kt cu. 4. Ti trng d ng lc 5. Ti trng thi gian Cch nh ngha : Model\ Group\ Define Load Group Self (Ti trng bn thn) WC ( Ti trng B tng t) PS (Ti trng d ng lc) FT (Ti trng xe c) Time Load (Ti trng thi gian)
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Vi v d trn, c Self (ti trng bn thn ) : 1 WC ( b tng t) : 15@2 + 3 = 33 PS ( d ng lc) : 16@2 + 3 = 35 FT (ti trng xe c) : 16@2 = 32 Time load (ti trng thi gian) : 1 Tng cng c 102 nhm ti trng. V d, khai bo nhm ti trng b tng t cho t K13 trn tr 1, ta lm nh sau : Model\ Group\Define Load Group\
Name( Tn) : WC-P1-K Suffix : 13 Add
2.3.2.4 nh ngha cc giai on thi cng

C 2 cch gi chc nng inh ngha cc giai on thi cng Load\ Construction Stage Analysis Data\ Define Construction Stage... Hoc nhy chut phi vo mn hnh chnh ca chng trnh, chn Load\ Construction Stage Analysis Data\ Define Construction Stage...
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Xut hin hp thoi:
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Add: nh ngha v to mt giai on thi cng vo danh sch cc giai on thi cng. Giai on thi cng c to s c thm vo pha di trong danh sch cc giai on thi cng. Insert Prev: to mt giai on thi cng mi ngay pha trn giai on thi cng c chn trong danh sch. Insert Next: to mt giai on thi cng mi ngay pha di giai on thi cng c chn trong danh sch. Generate: nh ngha nhiu giai on thi cng cng mt lc. Modify/ Show: iu chnh v thay i mt giai on thi cng c chn. Delete: xo mt giai on thi cng c nh ngha. Close: ng hp thoi * Khi nh ngha 1 giai on thi cng bng chc nng Add (hoc Insert Prev / Inserv Next) hoc iu chnh mt giai on thi cng c chn bng chc nng Modify/ Show, xut hin hp thoi:
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Trong mc Stage: - Name (nhp tn ca giai on thi cng cn to) : CS1 - Duration( nhp khong thi gian ng vi giai on thi cng ) : 7 (days) Trong mc Save Result: Stage: lu li kt qu theo giai on thi cng Addtional Steps: lu kt qu theo cc bc trong giai on thi cng. Nt Current Stage Imformation: xut bng m t cc thng s v nt, phn t, nhm iu kin bin, nhm ti trng c gn cho giai on thi cng.
Addtional Steps: khai bo cc bc thi cng trong tng giai on thi cng. Trong mt giai on thi cng, khi nhm kt cu v nhm iu kin bin l khng thay i th chc nng Addtional Steps cho php nh ngha cc nhm ti trng tc dng thay i theo thi gian v cc ti trng ph. V d trong qu trnh thi cng c hng mt t dm, c nhiu ti trng tc dng ti cc thi im khc nhau ln cng mt nhm kt cu vi cng mt nhm iu kin bin trong cng mt giai on thi cng. n gin cho qu trnh m hnh ho, thay v chia giai on thi cng mt t dm thnh nhiu giai on thi cng tng ng vi tin thi cng, chng trnh Midas/ Civi h tr chc nng khai bo Addtional Steps trong cng mt giai on thi cng. Gi thit thi gian thi cng mt t dm l 7 ngy, thi gian chun b gm di chuyn xe c, lp dng vn khun, ct thp, lp t ng cha cp l 3 ngy, thi gian btng l 4 ngy. Nh vy, khong thi gian t gia bc chun b v btng l 3 ngy. Do Additional Steps c gn l 3 ngy. - Days: khong thi gian tng ng vi mi mt bc thi cng trong mt giai on thi cng. N c th hin trong la chn Active Day v Deactive Day trong Load Tab.
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- Add: nhp khong thi gian tng ng vi tng bc thi cng vo pha di ca Step list. - Modify: thay i s ngy tng ng vi bc thi cng c chn trong mc Step list. - Delete: xo bc thi cng c chn trong Step list. - Clear: xo tt c cc bc thi cng c trong Step list. Auto Generation: t ng pht sinh nhiu bc thi cng. Nhp s bc thi cng vo mc Step Number v nhn Generate Steps. Tng khong thi gian c nhp trong Duration s c chia u cho s bc theo m hnh logarit. Trong Element Tab: kch hot v khng kch hot cc phn t c lin quan gn chng vo giai on thi cng c nh ngha. Group List: danh sch cc nhm kt cu c nh ngha. C th nhn vo ... bn phi Group List bt hp thoi Define Structure Group v to mi hoc thay i cc nhm kt cu. Activation: La chn nhm kt cu tng ng trong danh sch Group List v nhn vo mt trong cc nt sau: - Add: kch hot nhm kt cu c chn - Modify: thay i tui (Age) ca nhm kt cu c chn - Delete: a nhm kt cu c chn tr v Group List. Ch : C th la chn nhiu nhm kt cu cng mt lc bng cch nhn phm CTRL. Trng lng bn thn ca phn t s t ng c cp nhp ngay khi pht sinh phn t , min l THTT Self Weight c nh ngha. - Age: nhp tui ca cc phn t bng btng c to mi hoc iu chnh. N c dng th hin cc nh hng do co ngt v t bin ca btng. N l tui ca phn t trc khi bt u tin hnh giai on thi cng ny, v thng c ly bng khong thi gian t lc btng cho ti khi tho vn khun i vi cc phn t nm ngang nh kt cu nhp... Deactivation: dng trong trng hp c s dng cc kt cu tm, khi cc nhm kt cu c kch hot giai on thi cng trc khng cn tn ti trong giai on thi cng hin ti. - Add: khng kch hot nhm kt cu c chn trong Group List - Modify: thay i t l phn b ni lc trong phn t ca nhm kt cu c chn. - Delete: a nhm kt cu c chn tr li Group List. - Element Force Distribution: Khi c nhng phn t khng c kch hot, cn xc nh xem phn trm sc khng m phn t phn b cho cc phn t cn li l bao nhiu. Thng thng chn l 100%. Ch : Kt qu ca tt c cc giai on thi cng trc s c tch lu vo giai on hin ti. Bi v cc phn t, cc iu kin bin v ti trng c kch hot vn cn hot ng cho ti
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khi chng khng c kch hot. Khi mt phn t b xo b, ni lc trong phn t s tc dng ln cc phn t lin tc cn li theo hng ngc li. Boundary Tab: Dng kch hot hay khng kch hot nhm iu kin bin tng ng vi giai on thi cng cn khai bo.
Group List: danh sch cc nhm iu kin bin c nh ngha. C th nhn vo ... bn phi Group List bt hp thoi Define Boundary Group v to mi hoc thay i cc nhm iu kin bin. Activation: La chn nhm iu kin bin tng ng trong danh sch Group List v nhn vo mt trong cc nt sau: - Add: kch hot nhm iu kin bin c chn - Modify: thay i lin kt hoc v tr tng i ca nhm iu kin bin c chn - Delete: a tr li nhm iu kin bin c chn v Group List - Spring Support Position: khai bo v tr ca nhm iu kin bin v cc hn ch hoc gi n hi ti cc nhm iu kin bin. o Original: t iu kin bin ti v tr khng bin dng. iu ny tng ng vi chuyn v cng bc ti v tr gi trc khi t gi. o Deformed: t iu kin bin ti v tr bin dng. Deativation:
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- Add: khng kch hot nhm iu kin bin c chn trong Group List. - Delete: a tr li nhm iu kin bin c chn v Group List. Load Tab: Dng kch hot hoc khng kch hot nhm ti trng tng ng vi giai on thi cng cn khai bo. Trng thi kch hot c th c thc hin trong c giai on thi cng cng nh trong tng bc. Tuy nhin nu Kch hot/ Khng kch hot tng bc thi cng th phi nh ngha Additional Steps trc.
Group List: danh sch cc nhm ti trng c nh ngha. C th nhn vo ... bn phi Group List bt hp thoi Define Load Group v to mi hoc thay i cc nhm ti trng. Activation: La chn nhm ti trng tng ng trong danh sch Group List v nhn vo mt trong cc nt sau: - Add: kch hot nhm ti trng c chn - Modify: thay i ngy tc dng ca nhm ti trng c chn. - Delete: a tr li nhm ti trng c chn v Group List. - Active Day: xc nh thi gian t khi bt u thi cng cho ti thi im tc dng nhm ti trng c chn. C th la chn ngy bt u hoc ngy kt thc ca giai on thi cng c chn. La chn Days c th bao gm c Additional Step nu c nh ngha. Deactivation
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La chn nhm ti trng tng ng trong danh sch Group List v nhn vo mt trong cc nt sau: - Add: khng kch hot nhm ti trng c chn - Modify: thay i ngy thi tc dng ca nhm ti trng c chn. - Delete: a tr li nhm ti trng c chn v Group List. Khi nh ngha nhiu giai on thi cng ng thi s dng chc nng Generate:
Trong mc Stage: Name: nhp tn ca giai on thi cng Suffix: nhp s lng cc giai on thi cng c to ng thi theo th t 1 ti n (c th b qua) Duration: khong thi gian ng vi giai on thi cng Addtional Steps: Day: khong thi gian ng vi cc bc thi cng trong mt giai on thi cng. S ngy ny s c gn vo trong mc Active Day v Deactive Day trong hp thoi Compose Construction Stage. Add: nhp khong thi gian tng ng vi tng bc thi cng vo pha di ca Step list. Modify: thay i s ngy tng ng vi bc thi cng c chn trong mc Step list. Delete: xo bc thi cng c chn trong Step list. Clear: xo tt c cc bc thi cng c trong Step list. Auto Generation: t ng pht sinh nhiu bc thi cng. Nhp s bc thi cng vo mc Step Number v nhn Generate Steps. Tng khong thi gian c nhp trong Duration s c chia u cho s bc theo m hnh logarit. Trong mc Save Result:
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Stage: lu li kt qu theo giai on thi cng Addtional Steps: lu kt qu theo cc bc trong giai on thi cng. Nhn Apply. V d khai bo cho giai on thi cng t K2 nh sau : Load\ Construction Stage Analysis Data\ Define Construction Stage... Chn Add Hin ra bng sau :
Nhp cc thng s nh trong bng. Nhn vo Element Tab : Nhp cc thng s nh trong bng.
Nhn vo Boundary Tab : ta khng phi nhp cc nhm iu kin bin cho CS2 v nhm iu kin bin ca CS2 l ging vi giai on trc . Nhn vo Load Tab : Nhp cc thng s nh trong bng sau :
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mc Activation, ta phi nhp cc nhm ti trng l Ti trng ko d ng lc t K1 tr1 v 2 ngy u tin ( PS-P1(2)-K1 : first) Ti trng xe c t trn t K1 thi cng t K2, tc dng t ngy u tin ( FTP1(2)-K1 : FIRST) Ti trng b tng t ca t K2, tc dng t ngy th 3 (WC-P1(2)-K2 : 3) mc Deactivation, ta phi d cc nhm ti trng l Ti trng xe c t trn t K0, b t ngy u tin ( FT-P1(2)-K0 : FIRST) Ti trng b tng t ca t K1, b t ngy u tin (WC-P1(2)-K2 : first)
2.3.3 Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng

Mt bi ton c hng cn c tnh vi cc trng hp ti trng khi nhau. Trong v d ny, ta xt 5 trng hp ti trng l Trng lng bn thn Trng lng xe c Trng lng b tng t Ti trng d ng lc Tnh ti phn 2
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V d vi nhp trng hp ti trng bn thn ta nhp nh sau : Name ( Tn ca trng hp ti trng ) : SW Type ( Dng ti trng ) : Construction Stage Load (ti trng theo giai on thi cng) Description (M t) : trong luong ban than Tng t, ta nhp c cc trng hp ti trng cn li.
2.3.4 Gn ti trng thi cng

Trnh t gn cc ti trng trn nh sau: Trng lng bn thn ca kt cu Ti trng xe c Ti trng b tng t Ti trng d ng lc Ti trng thi gian
2.3.4.1 Nhp trng lng bn thn:

chng trnh t ng gn trng lng bn thn ca cc kt cu mi c pht sinh, cn phi nh ngha THTT trng lng bn thn v cht ti Giai on thi cng u tin (CS1).
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Stage : CS 1. Load/ Self Weight Load Case Name> SW Load Group Name> SW Self Weight Factor > Z (-1) Nhn Add
2.3.5 Nhp ti trng xe c

S dng xe c c nng lc l 80T. Khi ta c ti trng xe c gm mt lc thng ng c tr s l 80 T (hay 800 KN) v mt mmen quay quanh trc y, c gi tr l 160 Tm (hoc 1600 KNm) tc dng u ca cnh hng. d dng gn ti trng thi cng, ta s dng thanh cng c Stage nh ngha ti trng thi cng tng ng vi tng giai on thi cng.
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V d nhp ti trng xe c cho giai on thi cng 1: Stage > CS1 Load \ Nodal Load...
Load Case Name: chn THTT xe c Load Group Name: chn nhm ti trng xe c Option: cc la chn gm c: Add: cng tt c cc ti trng tc dng ln nt c chn. Replace: thay th ti trng ny cho cc ti trng c nh ngha trc ti nt c chn. Delete: xo ti trng ny ti nt c chn. Nodal Load: Fx: lc tp trung tc dng theo phng trc X ca h to GCS. Fy: lc tp trung tc dng theo phng trc Y ca h to GCS. Fz: lc tp trung tc dng theo phng trc Z ca h to GCS.
80

Mx: mmen tp trung quay quanh trc X ca h to GCS. My: mmen tp trung quay quanh trc Y ca h to GCS. Mz: mmen tp trung quay quanh trc Z ca h to GCS. Nhy Close. Trnh t khai bo nh sau: Select Single: Node 1024 Load Case Name > FT Load Group Name > FT-P1-K0 Option > Add ; Fz (-800) ; My (1600) Select Single: Node 1020 Load Case Name > FT Load Group Name > FT-P1-K0 Option > Add ; Fz (-800) ; My (-1600) Select Single: Node 2024 Load Case Name > FT Load Group Name > FT-P2-K0 Option > Add ; Fz (-800) ; My (1600) Select Single: Node 2020 Load Case Name > FT Load Group Name > FT-P2-K0 Option > Add ; Ch : Cc ti trng ny c th d dng nhp trong MCT Command Shell trong mc CONLOAD. Fz (-800) ; My (-1600)
2.3.6 Nhp ti trng b tng t

Chng trnh Midas/ Civil c chc nng Bill of Material cho php t ng tnh ton trng lng bn thn ca btng t. Trc khi thc hin tnh ton trng lng ca mi phn t bng chc nng Bill of Material, cn phi chuyn i mi mt ct trong Tapered Section Group thnh mt ct thay i, nh sau: Stage > Base Model \ Properties\ Tapered Section Group Name > G1 Convert to Tapered Section... New Start Number (100) Model \ Properties\ I Section
81
Cc mt ct 100 ti 114 th hin cc t dm t K1 n K15, cn mt ct 115 th hin on mt ct thay i ca t K0. Chiu di, din tch v trng lng ca mi mt t c th d dng xc nh theo cc mt ct tng ng. Tools\ Bill of Material
Select BOM outputs > Beam-Truss Element BOM type 1: phn loi phn t ng theo s hiu phn t, s hiu mt ct v s hiu vt liu Nhn OK. Xut hin bng thng k vt liu sau:
82
Nhp ti trng btng t: Ti trng btng t gm lc thng ng v mmen un quanh trc y. Lc thng ng l trng lng ca mi t dm c xy dng u cnh hng trong mi mt giai on thi cng v lch tm gy ra mmen un c gi thit l mt na chiu di t c. Stage > CS1 Load\ Nodal Load
83

Select Single: Node 1024 Load Case Name > WC Load Group Name > WC-P1-K1 Option > Add ; Fz (-1022) ; My (1022*1.5) Select Single: Node 1020 Load Case Name > WC Load Group Name > WC-P1-K1 Option > Add ; Fz (-1022) ; My (-1022*1.5) Select Single: Node 2024 Load Case Name > WC Load Group Name > WC-P2-K1 Option > Add ; Fz (-1022) ; My (1022*1.5) Select Single: Node 2020 Load Case Name > WC Load Group Name > WC-P2-K1 Option > Add ; Fz (-1022) ; My (-1022*1.5)
84
2.3.7 Nhp ti trng d ng lc:
2.3.7.1 Khai bo c trng cp d ng lc

Stage > Base Load\ Prestress Loads\ Tendon Property...
Add: to loi cp mi Modify: thay i cc c trng ca loi cp c chn Delete: xo loi cp c chn. Close: ng hp thoi. Khi chn nt Add (hoc Modify), xut hin hp thoi sau:
85
Tendon Type Tendon Name: nhp tn cp > TC Tendon Type: loi cp d ng lc Cc la chn: Internal (Pre-Tension): cp d ng lc trong (ko trc) Internal (Post-Tension): cp d ng lc trong (ko sau) External (Post-Tension): cp d ng lc ngoi (ko sau) Chn Internal (Post-Tension) Material: nhp loi vt liu lm cp > 3: Cap (Nu cha nh ngha vt liu lm cp th c th vo ngay hp thoi Properties\Materias... bng cch nhp vo nt ... bn phi) Total Tendon Area: nhp tng din tch cp Chng trnh h tr hai loi cp tao 7 si xon: 12ly7 (0.5) v 15ly2 (0.6) bng cch nhy vo nt bn phi, xut hin hp thoi sau:
86
- Strand Diameter: ng knh danh nh ca cp > 15.2mmm (0.6) - Number of Strands: s tao cp trong b cp > 19 Duct Diameter: ng knh ng gen >0.107 m Relaxation Coefficient : h s t chng > 45 (theo quy nh, cc tao cp c chng thp th thng ly h s t chng t 10 n 45, trong bi ton ny ly 45 thin v bt li.) Curvature Friction Factor: h s ma st do cong ca cp > 0.3 Wobble Friction Factor: h s ma st khi xt n chiu di ca cp > 0.0066 Ultimate Strength: cng bn ca cp> 1.86326.106 kN/m2 Yield Strength: cng chy ca cp> 1.56906.106 kN/m2 Anchorage Slip : tt neo Begin >0.006 ( Quy trnh 22TCN272-05) End > 0.006 ( Quy trnh 22TCN272-05) Bond Type: tnh trng dnh bm Bonded: c dnh bm Unbonded: khng dnh bm Chn Unbounded ( V cp d ng lc ko sau, chn trong ng Gel) Nhp OK
2.3.7.2 Khai bo ng b tr cp
Load\ Prestress Loads\ Tendone Profile...
87
Add: to mt b cp mi Modify: thay i cc thng s ca b cp c chn Change Property...: thay i cc c trng ca mt hay nhiu b cp c chn mt cch ng thi. Khi nhp vo xut hin hp thoi:
Delete: xo b cp c chn Copy: to ra mt b cp mi ging vi b cp c to ra trc . Move: di chuyn b cp c to ra trc Distance: nhp cc khong cch theo cc phng cn copy Khi nhy vo nt Add hoc Modify, xut hin hp thoi:
88
Tendon Name: nhp tn ca b cp >BE1-T-P2 Tendon Property: chn loi cp t danh sch s xung > BE Assigned Elements: chn cc phn t cn gn > 2004to2008 Input Type: chn kiu nhp cc kch thc ca b cp 2D: dng phng 3D: dng khng gian Chn dng 2D
89

Curve Type: nh dng ng cong cp Spline: tnh ton ng cong bc cao nh nht ni cc im nm trn ng cp. Round: t cp theo ng cong trn c tip tuyn l ng thng ni cc im nm trn ng cp. Trong bi ton ny, do khng c thng s v ng cong cp nn ta chn Spline. Trong trng hp c y thng s th ln dng Round s chnh xc hn. Straight Length of Tendon: Chiu di on thng ca cp. trong trng hp ny, cp l ng cong ni suy Spline nn ta chn bng 0. Profile: nhp to cc im trn ng cp. x, y, z: cc to trong h to TCS (tendon coordinate system). TCS l mt h to tm thi, c im gc l v tr bt u ca b cp, c xc nh theo Profile Insertion Point (im bt u ca cp). Midas mc nh cho trc x ca TCS trng vi trc X ca h to GCS, trc z ca TCS trng vi trc Z ca h to GCS. fix: xc nh tip tuyn ca ng cong cp ti im tng ng. (ch xut hin trong trng hp chn dng ng cong cp l Spline) Nu chn Ry: gc ca tip tuyn s c xc nh so vi trc x ca mt phng x-z trong h TCS. Nu chn Rz: gc ca tip tuyn s c xc nh so vi trc x ca mt phng x-y trong h TCS. Point of Sym: ( im i xng ca ng cp) First: im u tin ca cp c gi nh l trc i xng. Last: im cui cng ca cp c gi nh l trc i xng. Make Symmetric Tendon: to ng i ca cp theo im i xng va chn (First hay Last). Chc nng ny ch nn s dng cho trng hp khai bo cc ng cp i xng, khi , ta ch cn phi khai bo mt na ng cp). Tendon Shape: Straight: hng ca trc x trong h to TCS l thng ( h to Decarste vung gc). Curve: hng ca trc x trong h to TCS tr. Element: H to TCS c gn vi h to a phng ti u hoc cui phn t, trc x c mc nh l i t u i n u j ca phn t hoc ngc li. Thng thng chn Straight, cc yu t bao gm: Profile Insert Section Point: nhp im gc ca h to TCS (cng chnh l im bt u ca cp), c nhp theo to thc trong h to GCS. x Axis Direction: hng ca trc x trong TCS song song vi trc X ca h GCS. x Axis Rot.Angle: quay ng cp quanh trc x ca h TCS theo mt gc xc nh.
90

Projection: chiu ng cp va to qua mt mt phng c quay quanh trc x ca h TCS theo mt gc xc nh. Grad. Rot. Angle: cho php quay ng cp quanh trc Y hoc X ca h to GCS. Nhn OK.
2.3.7.3 Gn ti trng d ng lc
Ti trng d ng lc c ln lt gn cho cc giai on thi cng khc nhau. Sau y, ch hng dn cch gn cho giai on thi cng 1 ( c xong t K0)
Chn giai on thi cng 1 : Stage > CS1 Load\ Prestress Loads\ Tendon Prestress Loads...
91

Load Case Name> PS Load Group Name> PS-P1-K0 Select Tendon for Loading : Tendon > TC1-P, nhp vo nt Stress Value: Stress: nhp gi tr d ng lc theo ng sut Force: nhp gi tr d ng lc theo lc ko. Chn Stress. 1st Jacking: End Begin : > 0 End >1330000 kN/m2 Grouting: after (1) (bm va 1 ngy sau khi cng cp) Nhn nt Add. Tng t gn d ng lc cho cc cp khc theo giai on thi cng. Selected Tendon
2.4 M hnh ho hot ti

2.4.1 Trnh t khai bo hot ti
2.4.1.1 Chn tiu chun hot ti.

C 2 cch gi lnh: Nhy chut phi vo mn hnh chnh ca chng trnh, trong mc Load... chn Moving Load Analysis Data, chn Moving Load Code... T Menu Load \ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Moving Load Code...
92
Trong mc Moving Load Code: chn mt tiu chun bt k t danh sch s xung. Trong v d ang xt, ta chn tiu chun hot ti l ASSHTO LRFD
2.4.1.2 Khai bo ln xe
Load\ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Traffic Line Lane Xut hin hp thoi.
93
Add: nh ngha mt ln xe mi Modify: thay i mt s tnh cht ca ln xe c chn. Delete: xo mt ln xe c chn Copy: to mt ln xe mi ging ln xe c chn. Khi nhy vo nt Add (hoc Modify) xut hin hp thoi sau:
94

Lane Name (nhp tn ln xe) : phai1 Traffic Lane Properties (xc nh cc c im ca ln xe). Eccentricity: (nhp lnh tm ca ln xe) : 1.875 m lch tm c nh ngha l khong cch t tim ca ln xe n tim cu. lch tm mang du m nu ln xe pha bn tri ng tim cu, mang du dng nu ln xe pha bn phi ng tim cu. Vehicular Load Distribution: xc nh phng php tnh h s phn b ti trng do hot ti. Lane Element: Ti trng xe c tc dng ln cc phn t ln xe theo lch tm. Cross Beam Group: xc nh tn ca Nhm kt cu tng ng vi dm ngang. Skew: xc nh gc nghing gia im u v im cui ca cu. Trong v d ny ta chn phng php xc nh h s phn b ngang l Lane Element Moving Direction: xc nh hng ca hot ti. Forward: ch xt hng ca hot ti l t u cu n cui cu Backward: ch xt hng ca hot ti l t cui cu n u cu. Both: xt c hai hng trn. Trong v d ny ta tin hnh cho hot ti tc ng theo c hai hng : Both Selection by: xc nh cch chn cc phn t ln xe. points: cc phn t ln xe c gn l phn t dm nm trn mt ng thng i qua 2 im. im u tin l im Bt u. Picking: gn phn t ln xe bng chut. im c chn u tin c gn l im Bt u. Number: Nhp s hiu phn t tng ng vi phn t ln xe. im c nhp u tin c gn l im bt u. Trong v d ny ta chn phng php nhp phn t ln qua im u v im cui (points) : im u : (0,0,0) ; im cui (270,0,0). Operation: Add: Nhp phn t ln xe c chn vi lch tm v h s xung kch nh ngha. Insert: Chn phn t ln xe c chn vo gia cc phn t ln xe c nh ngha trc . Delete: Chn v xo phn t ln xe cui cng trong hp thoi Ch : Cc phn t ln xe phi c nhp lin tc theo hng di chuyn ca dng xe. Khi chn phn t bng la chn 2 points v Picking, khng cn nhn nt Add hoc Insert. Sau khi m hnh ln phai1, ta c kt qu nh sau :
95
2.4.1.3 nh ngha ti trng xe

Load\ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Vehicles
Add Standard: nhp ti trng xe theo mt s tiu chun. Add User Defined: nhp ti trng xe theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. Modify: thay i mt s c im ca loi xe c chn Delete: xo loi xe c chn. Trong v d ny, ta tin hnh nhp t hp ti trng a. HL93K : Xe 3 trc + ti trng ln b. HL93M : Xe 2 trc + ti trng ln
96
Chn nt Add Standard. Standard Name: chn AASHTO LRFD LOAD t danh sch s xung. Vehicular Load Properties Vehicular Load Name: nhp tn loi xe : HL-93TRK (xe 3 trc) Vehicular Load Type: chn tn loi xe trong danh sch s xung> HL-93TDM Dynamic Load Allowance> 25 Nhn OK. khai bo ti trng xe 2 trc + ti trng ln , ta thc hin tng t, thay Vehicular Load Name : HL-93TDM (xe 2trc) Vehicular Load Type : HL-93TDM Trong trng hp cn khai bo on xe H30 theo 22TCN 18-79 ta lm nh sau: Trong hp thoi Vehicles, chn nt Add User Defined.
97
Trong mc Load Type: Truck/ Lane: nhp ti trng trc xe/ ln xe. Train Load: nhp ti trng ca on tu. Vehicular Properties: Vehicular Load Name > H30 Trong mc Truck Load: nh ngha ti trng trc xe. Ti dng P#: nhp ti trng trc xe thit k> 6 (tonf) Ti dng D#: nhp khong cch gia cc ti trng trc thit k > 6 (m) Nhn nt Add. Ti dng P# > 12 Ti dng D# > 1.6 Nhn nt Add. Ti dng P# > 12 Ti dng D# > 10 Nhn nt Add. Ti dng P# > 12 Ti dng D# > 1.6 Nhn nt Add.
98

Ti dng P# > 12 Ti dng D# > 10 Nhn nt Add. ... Lp li cc bc trn cho n khi b tr s xe trong on xe H30 trn ton chiu di cu. Trong mc Lane Load: nh ngha ti trng ln w: ti trng ln xe ri u> 0 PL: ti trng tp trung trong ti trng ln PLM: ti trng tp trung trong ti trng ln dng tnh mmen. PLV: ti trng tp trung trong ti trng ln dng tnh lc ct. Nhn OK.
2.4.1.4 nh ngha nhm xe

Load\ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Vehicle Classes
Nt Add: to mt nhm xe mi Modify: iu chnh nhm xe c chn Delete: xo nhm xe c chn. Khi nhy nt Add (hoc Modify), xut hin hp thoi Vehicle Class Data: Khai bo cho nhm xe 3 trc v ln :
99
Ti dng Vehicle Class Name: nhp tn nhm ti trng cn nh ngha > Xe 3 trc &ln Trong ct Vehicle Load, chn loi xe c nh ngha trong danh sch v nhn nt : HL-93TRK Nhn OK. Lm tng t, ta khai bo c nhm ti trong : xe 2 trc + ln
2.4.1.5 nh ngha trng hp ti trng hot ti:

Load\ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Moving Load Cases
100
Trong mc Load Case Name: nhp tn THTT hot ti > hoattai272-05 Description: m t v THTT hot ti : hoat tai tac dung len cau Multiple Presence Factor: h s ln xe Theo tiu chun 22TCN 272-05, h s ln xe c quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.1.2 nh sau:
S ln cht ti
1 2 3 >3
H s ln
1.2 1 0.85 0.65
101

Sub- Load Cases: la chn loi hot ti v ln xe m hot ti tc dng trong mt THTT hot ti. Loading Effect: la chn kiu t hp ti trng do hot ti. Combined: Tng hp cc ti trng do hot ti. Independent: Tc dng ti trng ring r. Trong v d ny, ta cn kim tra tc ng ring r ca HL-93TDM v HL-93TRK nn chn Independent Ch : Khi chn Independent, ta c th kim tra c biu bao ca mi mt trng hp ti trng hot ti. Nt Add: to mt nhm xe mi hoc thm vo mt nhm xe trong THTT hot ti. Nt Modify: thay i nhm xe c chn. Nt Delete: xo nhm xe c chn Khi nhn nt Add chn mt nhm xe hoc nhn nt Modify sau khi chn mt nhm xe, hp thoi Sub-Load Case xut hin:
Load Case Data: Vehicle Class: chn nhm xe t danh sch s xung khai bo nhm xe 3 trc + ti trng ln, ta chn VC :3 truc& lan khai bo nhm xe 3 trc + ti trng ln, ta chn VC :2 truc& lan Scale Factor: h s t l, thng ly bng 1. Min. Number of Loaded Lanes: s ln xe ti thiu chu tc dng ca nhm xe. (0)
102

Max. Number of Loaded Lanes: s ln xe ti a chu tc dng ca nhm xe. (1) ( Do y ta ch khai bo tm thi mt ln) Assignment Lanes: la chn ln xe chu tc dng ca nhm xe. Chn ln xe trong ct List of Lanes, nhn nt Nhn OK. Ch : Trong Midas, cn h tr chc nng xc nh cc gi tr m men m ln nht v phn lc ln nht trn tr trong cu lin tc bng cch gn v tr gi cn xc nh. Load\ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Lane Support-Negative Moment at Interior Piers. Load\ Moving Load Analysis Data\ Lane Support-Reations at Interior Piers (phai1)
2.5 M hnh ho tnh ti phn 2

Tnh ti phn 2 bao gm ti trng ca lp ph mt cu, lan can, g chn v cc thit b chiu sng, phng h trn cu. Tnh ti ny c khai bo di dng Element Beam Load nh sau : Chn Stage CS20 Khai bo Element Beam Loads nh sau : Load\Element Beam Loads c bng Entry nh sau :
103
Load Case Name ( Tn t hp ti trng) : Dead Load 2 Load Group Name ( Tn nhm ti trng ) : 2nd Option : Add : Thm Replace : thay th Delete : Xo y ta chn Add Load Type : Chn Uniform Load (ti trng ri u) Direction : Chiu dng ca ti trng : Global Z Value (gi tr ca ti trng) Chn Absolute , w = -10kN/m (gi tr khng i, ln bng 10 kN/m hng ngc chiu trc Z) Sau khi m hnh, ta c tnh ti phn hai ri u tc dng ln dm nh sau :
104
3 T hp ti trng
Trnh t t hp ti trng: T Menu Result\ Combination...
C 4 loi t hp ti trng General: t hp cc THTT n v v phn tch kh nng khai thc hoc kt qu phn tch khng theo mt tiu chun thit k no. Steel Design: t hp ti trng thit k cc cu kin thp theo cc tiu chun k thut v thp. Concrete Design: t hp ti trng thit k cc cu kin btng theo cc tiu chun k thut v btng
105

SRC Design: t hp ti trng phc v cho cng tc thit k cc cu kin SRC theo cc tiu chun k thut v SRC. Khi la chn General Tab: Trong mc Load Combination List: Trong ct Name: nhp tn ca t hp ti trng Trong ct Active: Active: t hp ti trng ny s c tnh ton trong giai on Post-Processing mode. Inactive: t hp ti trng ny s khng c tnh ton trong giai on Post-Processing mode. Type: chn phng php t hp ti trng Add : xc nh gi tr tng i s cc kt qu phn tch. Envelope: xc nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht v gi tr i s ln nht ca mi mt kt qu phn tch. ABS: xc nh tng cc ga tr tuyt i. SRSS: xc nh cn bc hai ca tng bnh phng cc kt qu phn tch. Trong mc Load Cases and Factors Load Case: chn THTT c sn hoc nh ngha trc . Factor: nhp h s ti trng tng ng vi tng THTT Nhn nt Close.
4 5
t yu cu tnh ton, chy chng trnh Qun l kt qu thu c
5.1 Kim tra cc thng s u vo:

5.1.1 Chc nng Display
C cc cch gi lnh: Menu View\ Display... Nhy vo biu tng Xut hin hp thoi: trn thanh cng c.
106
5.1.2 Chc nng Display Option

Thay i cc thng s hin th trn mn hnh chng trnh v mu nn, v font hay kch c... Menu View\ Display... Nhy vo biu tng trn thanh cng c.
Menu Query: c chc nng xem nhanh cc thng s ca kt cu (nt, phn t, ti trng...)
107
Query Nodes: kim tra cc thng tin v nt bao gm s hiu nt, to nt v cc thuc tnh ca nt.
5.2 Xem kt qu ni lc tng giai on thi cng.

T Menu Result:
108
V d xem biu kt qu ni lc trong phn t dm CS13 ( giai on thi cng s 13) Menu Result\ Forces...\ Beam Diagrams Chn Stage : CS13
Ta c
109
Biu mmen giai on C20 (tnh ti phn 2) nh sau :
Trong mc Load Cases/ Combination: chn trng hp ti trng v t hp ti trng cn xem kt qu t danh sch s xung. Component: la chn thnh phn ni lc cn xem. Fx: lc dc trc theo phng x ca h to ECS. Fy: lc ct theo phng y ca h to ECS. Fz: lc ct theo phng z ca h to ECS. Fyz: th hin ng thi lc ct theo phng trc y v trc z ca h to ECS. Mx: mmen quay quanh trc x ca h to ECS. My: mmen un quanh trc y ca h to ECS. Mz: mmen quay quanh trc z ca h to ECS. Myz: mmen un, My v Mz xut hin ng thi. Display Options: hnh thc xut kt qu
110

points: xut kt qu ti 5 im trn phn t dm. No Fill: ch th hin ng bao gi tr ni lc. Line Fill: xut biu ni lc cc ng thng mu khc nhau. Solid Fill: xut biu ni lc c t bi cc mt phng mu khc nhau. Type of Display: la chn kiu trnh by kt qu. Contour: v dng biu ni lc theo cc gi tr. Value: th hin gi tr ni lc ti cc im. Animate: m phng ng hc ni lc trong phn t dm. Mirrored: xc nh kt qu ca ton b kt cu bng cch ko di kt qu khi phn tch mt na hoc mt phn t m hnh kt cu qua mt phng i xng. Deform: th hin hnh dng ca kt cu khi b bin dng di tc dng ca ti trng. Legend: Xut bng kt qu ni lc theo mu ca ng thng trn biu ni lc. Undeformed: th hin hnh dng khi khng b bin dng ca kt cu.
5.3 Xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti

5.3.1 Kt qu ng nh hng ti mt mt ct bt k
Results\ Influence Line \ Beam Forces/ Moments... Kt qa ng nh hng mmen My ti im u phn t 1038
Kt qu ng nh hng lc ct (Fz) ti mt ct u phn t 1038:
111
5.4 Xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti

Mt u im ni bt ca chng trnh Midas l c th xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti c km theo v tr t ti trn ng nh hng, cho php kim tra cng nh quan st kt qu mt cch trc quan. Results\ Moving Load Tracers\ Beam Forces/ Moments...
5.4.1 Kt qu mmen ln nht do hot ti gy ra ti mt mt ct nh sau:
Moving Load Cases: THTT hot ti > MVmax: lan2 Key Element: phn t xut kt qu > 1038 Scale Factor: h s t l th hin kt qu > 4 Parts: v tr xut kt qu trn phn t c chn i: im u phn t j: im cui phn t Chn i Components: thnh phn ni lc Fx: lc thng ng theo phng x ca h to ECS Fy: : lc thng ng theo phng y ca h to ECS Fz: lc thng ng theo phng z ca h to ECS Mx: mmen quay quanh trc x ca h to ECS My: mmen quay quanh trc x ca h to ECS Mz: mmen quay quanh trc x ca h to ECS
112

Type of Display Contour: dng biu Legend: c bng kt qu chi tit Applied Load: xut kt qu ni lc c th hin v tr t ti ca hot ti Include Impact Factor: c xt n h s xung kch Maximum Value: gi tr ni lc ln nht
5.4.2 Kt qa lc ct nh nht ti mt mt ct di tc dng ca HL 93M:
( Xt mt ct u phn t 1038)
5.5 Mt s phng php xut file kt qu di dng text hoc hnh v (Bng cc lnh Export, Print...)
Xut kt qu dng Text (Text Editor) Chn Font v kh giy View\ Configure... Page Split Trnh by tiu trang File\ Header &Footer Setup... nh trang in File\ Page Setup... Xem trang in File\ Print Preview
113

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh

Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

S chung phn tch ni lc cu bng Midas/Civil

Chun b cc d liu cn thit ca bi ton

Thit lp thng s cho qu trnh gii bi ton

Chy chng trnh, phn tch, nh gi kt qu

Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.1 La chn n v tnh

1.1.3 Cc cch la chn n v trong Midas/Civil

Ct Length : dng chn n v chiu di Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh 4

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.2 M hnh ho hnh hc

Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.2.1.1 H trc to tng th (GCS :Global coordinate system)

V tr im gc (0,0,0) c nh du trn mn hnh :

Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

t) v ti trng ( im t v chiu ca ti trng...).

1.2.1.2 H trc to phn t (ECS :Element Coordinate System)

nh hn mmen qun tnh quanh trc y)

Ng Vn Minh V Ngc Anh

Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.2.1.3 H to ti nt (NCS : Node coordinate system)

Gi cng (Supports) Gi n hi (Spring supports) Chuyn v gi (Displacements of support)

1.2.1.4 H to t nh ngha (UCS : User coordinate system)

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

Chuyn i gia GCS v UCS :

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.2.2 Xy dng h thng li (Grid) trong Midas/Civil

1.2.2.1 H thng li im (Point Grid)

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.2.2.2 H thng li dng ng thng (Line Grid)

cch 2 : Chn Model ->Grid ->Define Line Grid

1.2.3 M hnh ho nt (Node modeling)

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

1.2.3.1 To nt : Create node

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

Ta nhp cc gi tr trong bng Entry nh sau :

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Hng dn s dng Midas/Civil trong m hnh ho cu

Sau khi chn Apply, kt qu to nt trn mn hnh nh sau:

1.2.3.2 Cc chc nng iu chnh vic m hnh ho nt khc

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