wWw.VipLam.

Info
MT S BI TON V ST V CC OXIT ST
I - Mt s im cn ch :
1) Ha tr ca st :
2y
8
( t = 2,3, hoc ).
x
3
- Ha tr Fe trong Fe3O4 l ha tr TB ca 2 ng.t Fe(III) v 1ng.t Fe(II).
2) Phng php qui i .
* gii bi ton hn hp nhiu oxit st th nn quy i:
+) Fe3O4 hn hp (FeO + Fe2O3) t l mol 1 : 1 ( ng c 2 chiu ).
+) Hn hp FeO , Fe2O3 vi t l mol 1 : 1 th khng th quy i thnh Fe3O4.
3) Phng php bo ton nguyn t:
Thng gp 2 trng hp sau y:
Fe
+ HNO3
+O

Fe(NO3 )3 + H 2O + (NO, hoc NO2 ...)

2
* Trng hp 1:
Fe
Fe x O y
- Nu t CTTQ ca oxit st : FexOy ha tr Fe : t =

n Fe( NO3 )3 = n Fe ( b )
n HNO3 = n N ( mui) + n N ( cc sp kh ) = 3 n Fe + n N ( cc sp kh ).
1
n H O = n HNO
2
3
2
Fe
+ H2SO4
+O

Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + H 2 O + (SO 2 ...)

2
* Trng hp 2 : Fe
Fe
O
x
y

1
n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = n Fe ( b )
2
n H SO = nS ( mui) + n S ( cc sp kh ) = 1,5 n Fe + nS ( cc sp kh ).
2

nH

2O

= nH

2SO4

.v.v. ( cn nhiu trng hp khc)

Nhn xt: Nu bit khi lng ca cc kh sn phm v hn hp A ( hoc mui Fe) th c th p

dng nh lut BTKL.
V d : Trng hp 1 : gi s bit m1 (g) ( Fe + FexOy) ; bit b (mol) kh NO sinh ra.
p dng nh lut BTKL ta c :
3a + b
m1 + 63 (3a + b)= 242a +
18 + b.30 ( trong : n Fe = a mol )
2
II- Mt s bi ton minh ha
1) ha tan hon ton 34,8 gam hn hp gm Fe 3O4 , FeO, Fe2O3 ( s mol FeO = s mol Fe 2O3 )
th phi dng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 4,9 % ( long).
a) Tnh khi lng ca dung dch H2SO4 4,9% .
b) Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c.
Hng dn: V s mol FeO = s mol Fe2O3 nn xem nh Fe3O4.
Vy hn hp c coi nh ch c mt oxit l Fe3O4
34,8
n h.h =
= 0,15 mol
232
Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2O
0,15
0,6
0,15
0,15
mol
0, 6 98
100 = 1200 (g)
Khi lng dung dch H2SO4 4,9% :
4,9
Khi lng dung dch thu c : 1200 + 34,8 = 1234,8 gam
( d dng tm c C% ca mi mui trong dung dch thu c)

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2) Cho m(g) hn hp FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tan va ht trong V (lt) dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c
mt dung dch A. Chia ung dch A lm 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta nung nng trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c 8,8 gam cht rn.
Phn 2: lm mt mu va ng 100ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M trong mi trng H2SO4 long d.
a) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra.
b) Tnh m , V ( nu dung dch H2SO4 c nng 0,5M).
Hng dn:
Xem Fe3O4 nh hn hp FeO v Fe2O3
Vy hn hp xem nh ch c FeO v Fe2O3 : s mol ln lt x,y.
Cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra:
FeO
+ H2SO4 FeSO4
+ H2O
x
x
x
(mol)
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
y
3y
y
(mol)
x (mol)
FeSO 4 :
dung dch A
Fe 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 : y (mol)
P phn 1:
FeSO4
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
0,5x
0,5x
(mol)
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
0,5y
y
(mol)
t0
2Fe(OH)2 + O2
Fe2O3 + 2H2O
0,5x
0,25x
(mol)
t0
2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
y
0,5y
(mol)
8,8
= 0, 055
(1)
Ta c :
0,25x + 0,5y =
160
P phn 2:
10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8 H2O
0,5x
0,1x
Ta c :
0,1x = 0,01 x = 0,1 ( mol) (2)
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c : y = 0,06 (mol)
Vy khi lng hn hp oxit st : m = (0,1 72 + 0,06 160 ) = 16,8 ( gam )
0,1 + 0, 06 3
= 0,56 (lt)
Th tch dung dch H2SO4 0,5M : V =
0,5
* C th gii theo phng php bo ton nguyn t Fe.
n Fe ( cc oxit ) = 2 0,055 = 0,11 mol
n ( FeO ) = n FeSO = 5 n KMnO = 0, 05 mol
Fe

(mol)

n Fe ( Fe2O3 ) = 0,11 0, 05 =0,06 mol

0, 06
160 ) = 16,8 gam.
2
th tch V = 0,56 lt.

Vy khi lng hn hp u : m = 2( 0,05 72 +

S mol H2SO4 = 0,1 + (3 0,06) = 0,28 mol.

3) Hn hp A gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 ( vi s mol bng nhau). Cho m1(g) A vo ng s nung nng
ri dn dng kh CO i qua ( CO p ht ), thy kh bay ra v trong ng cn li 19,2 (g) rn B (gm Fe,
FeO, Fe3O4) . Hp th kh vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d th thu c m2 (g) kt ta trng. Ha tan ht rn
B trong HNO3 nng th thy bay ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc).
a) Vit phng trnh ha hc.

wWw.VipLam.Info
b) Tnh m1, m2 v s mol HNO3 phn ng.
Hng dn:
Xem phn FeO + Fe2O3 ( ng mol) nh Fe3O4
Vy hn hp ch gm c Fe3O4
t0
Fe3O4 + 4CO
3Fe + 4CO2
0
t
Fe3O4 + CO
3FeO + CO2
FeO

rn B Fe
Fe O
3 4

(1)
(2)

Phn ng ca rn B vi HNO3 :
Fe
+ 4HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + 2H2O + NO
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 5H2O + NO
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 14H2O + NO
= a (mol) = n ( ca hn hp A )
t : n

Fe NO3
3

(3)
(4)
(5)

Fe

2, 24
3a + 0,1
= 0,1 (mol)
; n NO =
3
22, 4
2
p dng LBTKL cho (3),(4),(5) ta c: m C + m HNO = m Fe(NO ) + m H O + m NO
n HNO = 3a + 0,1

; nH

2O

33

3a + 0,1
18 + 30 0,1
Suy ra ta c : 19,2 + 63(3a + 0,1) = 242a +
2
Gii ra c : a = 0,27 n HNO3 = 0,91 mol.
0, 27
232 = 20,88 ( gam )
3
20,88 19, 2
= 0,105 mol
Theo p (1) v (2) ta c : n CO =
2
44 28
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
0,105
0,105
(mol)
m BaCO = m2 = 0,105 197 = 20,685 gam.
3
* Cch 2 :
V rn C gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4 tc dng vi HNO3 cho sn phm nh nhau, nn t CTPT trung bnh
ca rn C: FexOy.
Gi a l s mol mi oxit trong A qui i A ch gm Fe3O4 : 2a (mol)
t0
xFe3O4 + (4x 3y)CO
(1)
3FexOy + (4x 3y)CO2
6a
2a
(mol)
x
FexOy + (12x2y) HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + (3x2y)NO + (6x-y)H2O
(2)
6a
2a
2a
(12x2y)
(3x2y)
(mol)
x
x
x
6a
2ay

(56x
+
16y)

=
19,
2
7a
+
= 0, 4 (I)

x
x
Ta c h phng trnh :

2a
(3x 2y) = 0,1
3a 2ay = 0, 05 (II)

x
x
Khi lng ca hn hp u : m1 = 0,27

ay
= 0,0425
x
m1 = 0,045 2 232 = 20,88 gam.
Gii h (I) v (II) a = 0,045 ;

wWw.VipLam.Info

p dng nh lut BTKL cho p (1) ta c : m A + m CO = m B + mCO2

20,88 + 28b = 19,2 + 44b gii ra b = 0,105 mol ( b l s mol CO2).

4) t x (mol) Fe bi O2 thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit ca st. Ha tan A trong HNO 3

nng d th thu c mt dung dch X v 0,035 mol kh Y ( gm NO v NO2), bit d Y / H2 = 19.
Tnh x.
Hng dn:
Xem cc oxit st ch gm Fe2O3 v FeO ( v Fe3O4 coi nh FeO v Fe2O3)
to
4Fe + 3O2
2Fe2O3 (1)
to
2Fe + 3O2
(2)
2FeO
Phn ng ca rn A vi HNO3 :
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
(3)
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 5H2O + NO (4)
FeO
+ 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3
+ 2H2O + NO2 (5)
Theo (3),(4),(5) ta c :
3x + 0, 035
n HNO = 3n Fe + n (NO+ NO ) = 3x + 0, 035 ; n
H O =
3
2
2
2
p dng nh lut BTKL ta c :
m A + m HNO = m
+ m H O + m (NO+NO )
3

Fe NO3
3

5,04 + 63(3x + 0,035) = 242x + (0,035 2 19) +

3x + 0, 035
18
2

Gii ra x = 0,07 mol

5) Mui A l mui cacbonat ca kim loi R ha tr n ( R chim 48,28% theo khi lng ). Nu em
58 gam A cho vo bnh kn cha sn lng O 2 va ri nung nng. Phn ng xong thu c 39,2
gam rn B gm Fe2O3 v Fe3O4.
a) Xc nh CTPT ca A.
b) Nu ha tan B vo HNO3 c nng, thu c kh NO2 duy nht. Trn lng NO2 ny vi 0,0175
mol kh O2 ri sc vo lng nc rt d th thu c 2 lt dung dch X. Xc nh nng mol ca cc
cht trong dung dch X.
Hng dn:
2R 48, 28
=
a) Ta c
R = 28x ch c x = 2 , R = 56 l tha mn ( Fe)
60n 51, 72
CTPT ca cht A l : FeCO3
b) gi x, y ln lt l s mol Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 trong rn B.
t0
2FeCO3 + O2
Fe2O3 + 2CO2
2x
x
(mol)
t0
3FeCO3 + O2
Fe3O4 + 3CO2
3y
y
(mol)
58

= 0,5 (1)
2x + 3y =
116
Ta c:
gii ra c : x = y = 0,1 mol.
160x + 232y = 39,2 (2)
Phn ng ca B vi HNO3 :
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
Fe3O4 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O + NO2
0,1 mol
0,1
mol
2NO2 + O2 + H2O 2HNO3
B:
0,1
0,0175
(mol)

wWw.VipLam.Info
P:
Sp:

0,07
0,03
2NO2
0,03

0,0175
0,07
(mol)
0
0,07
(mol)
+ H2O HNO3 + HNO2

0,015
0,015
(mol)
HNO 2 : 0,015 mol
Dung dch X
C M HNO = 0, 0075M ; C M HNO3 = 0, 0425M .
2
HNO
:
0,085
mol

3
6) Ha tan a gam mt oxit st FexOy vo trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng d th thu c kh SO 2 duy
nht.Mt khc, nu kh hon ton a gam oxit st trn bng kh CO, ha tan lng st to thnh trong
dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d) thu c lng SO2 gp 9 ln lng SO2 th nghim trn.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong hai th nghim trn.
b) Xc nh nh cng thc ha hc ca oxit st.
Hng dn :
t0
2FexOy + (6x -2y )H2SO4 ( c)
xFe2(SO4)3 + (3x-2y) SO2 + (6x -2y )H2O (1)
a ( 3x 2y )
a (mol)
(mol)
2
t0
FexOy
+ yH2
(2)
xFe + yH2O
a (mol)
ax
(mol)
t0
2Fe + 6H2SO4 ( c)
(3)
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
ax (mol)
1,5 ax
( mol)
Theo bi : n SO (3) = 9 nSO (1) nn ta c :
2

1,5ax
x 18 3
2 = 9
=
=
CTPT ca oxit st l : Fe3O4.
a(3x 2y)
y 24 4
7) Ha tan mt lng oxit st FexOy vo dung dch HNO3 long, d th thu c mt dung dch A v
kh NO duy nht. Mt khc nu kh lng oxit st trn bng lng CO d ri ly ton b kim loi
sinh ra ha tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO 3 c, nng th thu c dung dch B v kh NO 2 duy
nht. Bit th tch kh NO2 sinh ra gp 9 ln th tch kh NO sinh ra ( cng nhit , p sut).
a) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc.
b) Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca oxit st.
Hng dn :
3FexOy + (12x -2y )HNO3
3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x - 2y)NO + (6x-y) H2O
(3x 2y) a
3

a (mol)
0

(1)
(mol)

t
FexOy
+ yCO
(2)
xFe + yCO2
a (mol)
ax
(mol)
t0
Fe
+ 6HNO3
(3)
Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
ax (mol)
3ax
( mol)
Theo bi ta c :
(3x 2y) a
3ax = 9
x = y Vy CTPT ca oxit st l: FeO.
3
8) mt phoi bo st nng m ( gam) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 12 gam rn X gm
st v cc oxit ca st. Cho X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit HNO 3 thy gii phng ra 2,24 lt
kh NO duy nht ( o ktc).
a) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra.
b) Tnh khi lng m ca phoi bo st ban u.
( S : 10,08 gam Fe )

Hy gii bi tp trn theo cch ca bn!