2-Khao Sat Nhom Lenh Co Ban

ng dung MATLAB t r ong ieu khien t ong
TAP LENH C BAN CUA MATLAB

I . LENH C BAN
Chuy: Cac l enh eu vi et bang chthng, nhng v tac gi amuon vi et hoa engi xem ti en
theo doi .
1. Lenh ANS
a) Cong dung: (Pur pose)
Labi en cha ket quamac nh.
b) Gi ai thch: (Descr ipt ion)
Khi thc hi en mot l enh nao omacha cobi en cha ket qua, th MATLAB l ay bi en Ans
l am bi en cha ket quao.
c) V du: (Examples)
2-1
ans = 1
2. Lenh CLOCK
Thong bao ngay gi hi en t ai .
b) Cuphap:(Synt ax)
c = cl ock
c) Gi ai thch: (Descr ipt ion)
ethong bao deoc ta dung ham f i x.
d) V du: (Examples)
c = cl ock
c =
1.0e+003*
2.0010 0.0040 0.0200 0.0030 0.0420 0.0501
c = f i x(cl ock)
c = 2001 4 20 3 43 3
3. Lenh COMPUTER
Cho bi et hei eu hanh cua may vi tnh ang sdung Matl ab.
b) Cuphap: (Synt ax)
computer
[ c,m] = computer
c) Gi ai thch: (Descr ipt ion)
c: cha thong bao hei eu hanh c ua may.
m: sophan tcua ma tran l n nhat mamay cothel am vi ec c vi Matl ab.
d) V du: (Examples)
[ c,m] =computer
c =
PCWI N
m =
2.1475e+009
4. Lenh DATE
Thong bao ngay thang nam hi en tai
b) Cuphap: (Synt ax)
s = date
c) V du:
s=date
s =
20-Apr-2001
5. Lenh CD
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen oi th muc l am vi ec.
b) Cuphap:
cd
cd di retory
cd ..
c) Gi ai thch:
cd: cho bi et th nuc hi en hanh.
di retory: ng dan en th muc muon l am vi ec.
cd .. chuyen en th muc cap cao hn mot bac.
6. Lenh CLC
a) Cong dung:
Xoa ca sol enh.
b) Cuphap:
cl c
c) V du:
cl c, f or i : 25, home, A = rand(5), end.
7. Lenh CLEAR
a) Cong dung:
Xoa cac emuc trong bonh.
b) Cuphap:
cl ear
cl ear name
cl ear name1 name2 name3
cl ear f uncti ons
cl ear vari abl es
cl ear mex
cl ear gl obal
cl ear al l
c) Gi ai thch:
cl ear: xoa tat cacac bi en khoi vung l am vi ec.
cl ear name: xoa cac bi en hay ham c chra trong name.
cl ear f uncti ons: xoa tat cacac ham trong bonh.
cl ear vari abl es: xoa tat cacac bi en ra khoi bonh.
cl ear mex: xoa tat cacac tap ti n .mex ra khoi bonh.
cl ear: xoa tat cacac bi en chung.
cl ear al l : xoa tat cacac bi en, ham, vacac tap ti n .mex khoi bonh. Lenh nay l am cho bonh
trong hoan toan.
8. Lenh DELETE
a) Cong dung:
Xoa tap ti n vaoi tng ohoa.
b) Cuphap:
del ete f i l ename
del ete (n)
c) Gi ai thch:
f i l e name: ten tap ti n can xoa.
n: bi en cha oi tng ohoa can xoa. Neu oi tng l amot ca soth ca soseong l ai
vabxoa.
9. Lenh DEMO
a) Cong dung:
Chay chng trnh mac nh cua Matl ab.
b) Cuphap:
demo
c) Gi ai thch:
demo: l achng trnh cosan trong trong Matl ab, chng trnh nay mi nh hoa mot sochc
nang cua Matl ab.
10. Lenh DI ARY
a) Cong dung:
Lu vung thanh f i l e tren a.
b) Cuphap:
di ary f i l ename
c) Gi ai thch:
f i l ename: ten cua tap ti n.
11. Lenh DI R
a) Cong dung:
Li et kecac tap ti n vath muc.
b) Cuphap:
di r
di r name
c) Gi ai thch:
di r: l i et kecac tap ti n vath muc cotrong th muc hi en hanh.
di r name: ng dan en th muc can l i et ke.
12. lenh DI SP
a) Cong dung:
Trnh bay noi dung cua bi en (x) ra man hnh
b) Cuphap:
di sp (x)
c) gi ai thch:
x: l aten cua ma tran hay l aten cua bi en cha chuoi kyt, neu trnh bay trc ti ep chuoi
kytth chuoi ky tc at trong dau
d) V du:
num=('Matl ab')
num =
Matl ab
di sp(num)
Matl ab
num=[ 2 0 0 1]
num =
2 0 0 1
di sp(num)
2 0 0 1
num='PHAM QUOC TRUONG'
num =
PHAM QUOC TRUONG
13. Lenh ECHO
a) Cong dung:
Hi en thhay khong hi en thdong l enh ang thi hanh trong f i l e * .m.
b) Cuphap:
echo on
echo of f
c) Gi ai thch:
on: hi en thdong l enh.
of f : khong hi en thdong l enh.
14. Lenh FORMAT
a) Cong dung:
nh dang ki eu hi en thcua cac con so.
Cuphap Gi ai thch V du
Format short Hi en th 4 con so
sau dau cham
3.1416
Format l ong Hi en th 14 con so
sau dau cham
3.14159265358979
Format rat Hi en thdang phan
so cua phan
nguyen nhonhat
355/133
Format + Hi en th sodng
hay am
+
15. Lenh HELP
a) Cong dung:
hng dan cach sdung cac l enh trong Matl ab.
b) Cuphap:
hel p
hel p topi c
c) Gi ai thch:
hel p: hi en thvan tat cac muc hng dan.
topi c: ten l enh can c hng dan.
16. Lenh HOME
a) Cong dung:
em con troveau vung l am vi ec.
b) Cuphap:
home
17. Lenh LENGTH
a) Cong dung:
Tnh chi eu dai cua vect.
b) Cuphap:
l = l ength (x)
c) Gi ai thch:
l : bi en cha chi eu dai vect.
d) V du:
tnh chi eu dai cua vect x.
x = [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
l = l ength (x)
l = 10
x=[ 01 09 77,20 04 2001 ]
x =
1 9 77 20 4 2001
l =l ength(x)
l =
6
18. Lenh LOAD
a) Cong dung:
Nap f i l e ta vao vung l am vi ec.
b) Cuphap:
l oad
l oad f i l ename
l oad f i l ename
l oad f i name.extensi on
c) Gi ai thch:
l oad: nap f i l e matl ap.mat
l oad f i l ename: nap f i l e f i l ename.mat
l oad f i l ename.extensi on: nap f i l e f i l ename.extensi on
Tap ti n nay phai l atap ti n dang ma tran congha l asocot cua hang di phai bang socot
cua hang tren. Ket quata c mot ma tran cosocot vahang chnh l asocot vahang cua tap
ti n van ban tren.
19. Lenh LOOKFOR
a) Cong dung:
Hi en thtat cacac l enh col i en quan en topi c.
b) Cuphap:
l ookf or topi c
c) Gi ai thch:
topi c: ten l enh can c hng dan.
20. Lenh PACK
a) Cong dung:
Sap xep l ai bonhtrong vung l am vi ec.
b) Cuphap:
pack
pack f i l ename
c) Gi ai thch:
Neu nh khi sdung Matl ap may tnh xuat hi en thong bao Out of memory th l enh pack
cothetm thay mot sovung nhcon trong makhong can phai xoa bt cac bi en.
Lenh pack gi ai phong khong gi an bonhcan thi et bang cach nen thong ti n trong vung nh
xuong cc ti eu. V Matl ab quan l ybonhbang phng phap xep chong nen cac oan chng
trnh Matl ab cothel am cho vung nhbphan manh. Do oseconhi eu vung nhcon trong
nhng khong uecha cac bi en l n mi .
Lenh pack sethc hi en:
+ l u tat cacac bi en l en a trong mot tap ti n tam thi l apack.tmp.
+ xoa tat cacac bi en vaham cotrong bonh.
+ l ay l ai cac bi en ttap ti n pack.tmp.
+ xoa tap ti n tam thi pack.tmp.
ket qual atrong vung nhcac bi en c gop l ai hoac nen l ai toi a nen khong b
l ang ph bonh.
Pack.f i name cho phep chon ten tap ti n tam thi echa c ac bi en. Neu khong chra ten
tap ti n tam thi th Matl ab tl ay ten tap ti n ol apack.tmp.
Neu adung l enh pack mamay van con bao thi eu bonhth bat buoc phai xoa bt cac
bi en trong vung nhi .
21. Lenh PATH
a) Cong dung:
Tao ng dan, l i et ketat cacac ng dan ang co.
b) Cuphap:
path
p = path
path (p)
c) Gi ai thch:
path: l i et ketat cacac dng dan ang co.
p: bi en cha ng dan.
path (p): at ng dan mi .
d) V du:
at ng dan en th muc c: \l vtn\matl ab
p = d:\DA\matl ab ;
path (p);
22. Lenh QUI T
a) Cong dung:
Thoat khoi Matl ab.
b) Cuphap:
qui t
23. Lenh SI ZE
a) Cong dung:
Cho bi et sodong vasocot cua mot ma tran.
b) Cuphap:
d = si ze (x)
[ m,n] = si ze (x)
m = si ze (x,1)
n = si ze (x,2)
c) Gi ai thch:
x: ten ma tran.
d: ten vect co2 phan t, phan tthnhat l asodong, phan tcon l ai l asocot.
m,n: bi en m cha sodong, bi en n cha socot
d) V du:
ta coma tran a
x = 1 2 3 4
5 6 6 8
x=[ 1 2 3 4,5 6 7 8]
x =
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cac ban chuyvecach nhap 1 ma tran:
x=[ 1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8]
x =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
d=si ze(x)
d =
2 4
m=si ze(x,1)
m =
2
n=si ze(x,2)
n =
4
[ m,n] =si ze(x)
m =
2
n =
4
24. Lenh TYPE
a) Cong dung:
Hi en thnoi dung cua tap ti n.
b) Cuphap:
type f i l ename
c) Gi ai thch:
f i l ename: ten f i l e can hi en thnoi dung.
Lenh nay trnh bay tap ti n c chra.
25. Lenh WHAT
a) Cong dung:
Li et kecac tap ti n * .m, * .mat, * .mex.
b) Cuphap:
what
what di rname
c) Gi ai thch:
what: l i et keten cac tap ti n .m, .mat, .mex cotrong th muc hi en hanh.
di rname: ten th muc can l i et ke.
26. Lenh WHI CH
a) Cong dung:
Xac nh chc nang cua f unname l aham cua Matl ab hay tap ti n.
b) Cuphap:
whi ch f unname
c) Gi ai thch:
f unname: l at en l enh trong Matl ab hay ten tap ti n
d) V du:
whi ch i nv
i nv i s a bui l d-i n f uncti on
whi ch f
c:\matl ab\bi n\f .m
27. Lenh WHO, WHOS
a) Cong dung:
Thong ti n vebi en ang cotrong bonh.
b) Cuphap:
who
whos
who gl obal
whos gl obal
c) Gi ai thch:
who: l i et ketat cacac ten bi en ang ton tai trong bonh.
whos: l i et keten bi en, kch thc, sophan tvaxet cac phan ao cokhac 0 khong.
who gl obal vawhos: l i et kecac bi en trong vung l am vi ec chung.
I I . CAC TOAN TVAKYTAC BI ET
1. Cac t oan t sohoc (Ar it hmetic Oper at or s) :
Toan t Cong dung
+ Cong ma tran hoac ai l ng vohng (cac ma tran phai cocung kch thc).
- Trma tran hoac ai l ng vohng (cac ma tran phai cocung kch thc).
* Nhan ma tran hoac ai l ng vohng (ma tran 1 phai cosocot bang sohang
cua ma tran 2).
.* Nhan tng phan tcua 2 ma tran hoac 2 ai l ng vohng (ca c ma tran phai co
cung kch thc).
\ Thc hi en chi a ngc ma tran hoac cac ai l ng vohng (A \B tng ng vi
i nv (A)* B).
.\ Thc hi en chi a ngc tng phan tcua 2 ma tran hoac 2 ai l ng vohng (cac
ma tran phai cocung kch thc).
/ Thc hi en chi a thuan 2 ma tran hoac ai l ng vohng (A/B tng ng vi
A* i nv(B)).
./ Thc hi en chi a thuan tng phan tcua ma tran nay cho ma tran ki a (cac ma tran
phai cocung kch thc).
^ Luy tha ma tran hoac cac ai l ng vohng.
.
^ Luy tha tng phan tma tran hoac ai l ng vohng (cac ma tran phai co
cung kch thc).
* v du:
Phep tnh ma tran Phep tnh mang
1
x 2
3
4
y 5
6
x 1 2 3 y 4 5 6
5
x + y 6
7
-3
x y -3
-3
3
x + 2 4
5
-3
x 2 -3
-3
4
x * y phep toan sai x. * y 10
18
x * y 32 x .* y phep toan sai
4 5 6
x * y 8 10 12
12 15 18
x. * y phep toan sai
2
x * 2 4
6
2
x.* 2 4
6
x \ y 16/7
4
x.\ y 5/2
2
1/2
2 \ x 1
3/2
2
2./ x 1
2/3
0 0 1/6
x / y 0 0 1/3
0 0 1/2
1/4
x./ y 2/5
1/2
1/2
x / 2 1
3/2
1/2
x./ 2 1
3/2
x ^ y phep toan sai
1/2
x.^ y 32
729
x ^ 2 phep toan sai
1
x.^ 2 4
9
2 ^ x phep toan sai
2
2.^ x 4
8
2.. Toan t quan he(Relat ional Oper at or s) :
Toan t Cong dung
< So sanh nhohn.
> So sanh l n hn.
>= So sanh l n hn hoac bang.
<= So sanh nhohn hoac bang.
= = So sanh bang nhau caphan thc vaphan ao.
-= So sanh bang nhau phan ao.
a) Gi ai thch:
Cac toan tquan hethc hi en so sanh tng thanh phan cua 2 ma tran. Chung tao ra mot
ma tran cocung kch thc vi 2 ma tran so sanh vi cac phan tl a1 neu phep so sanh l a
ung
val a0 neu phep so sanh l asai .
Phep so sanh cocheou ti en sau phep toan sohoc nhng tren phep toan l ogi c.
b) V du:
thc hi en phep so sanh sau:
x=5 % au ti en ta nhap x=5
x =
5
x>=[ 1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] %so sanh trc ti ep x (x l a5) vi ma tran
ans = % rorang cac phat1,2,3,4,5 eu <= 5
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=5
x =
5
A=[ 1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] % ta at ma tran A
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x>=A
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=A % dong l enh nay tc l acho x= ma tran A
x =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x==A % so sanh x vaA
ans = % tat cacac phan teu ung
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
x=5 % cho l ai x=5
x =
5
x==A % so sanh x = A
ans =
0 0 0
0 1 0 % chduy nhat phan t 5=x (v x=5)
0 0 0
x<A
ans =
0 0 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
3. Toan t logig (Logical Oper ator s):
Toan t Cong dung
& Thc hi en phep toan l ogi c AND.
Thc hi en phep toan l ogi c OR.
~ Thc hi en phep toan l ogi c NOT.
a) Gi ai thch:
Ket quacua phep toan l a1 neu phep l ogi c l aung val a0 neu phep l ogi c l asai .
Phep l ogi c cocheou ti en thap nhat so vi phep toan sohoc vaphep toan so sanh.
b) V du:
Khi thc hi en phep toan 3>4 & 1+ th may tnh sethc hi en 1+2 c 3, sau oti 3>4
c 0 roi thc hi en 0 & 3 vacuoi cung ta c ket qua l a0.
4. Kyt ac biet (Special Char act er s):
Kyhi eu Cong dung
[ ] Khai bao vector hoac ma tran.
() Thc hi en phep toan u ti en, khai bao cac bi en vacac chsocua
vector.
= Thc hi en phep gan.
Chuyen vma tran tm l ng l i en hi ep cua so phc.
. i em cham thap phan.
, Phan bi et cac phan tcua ma tran vacac oi sotrong dong l enh.
; Ngan cach gi a cac hang khi khai bao ma tran.
% Thong bao dong chuthch.
! Mca soMS DOS.
5. dau :
a) Cong dung:
Tao vector hoac ma tran phuval ap i l ap l ai cac gi atr.
b) Gi ai thch:
Khai bao Cong dung
j : k Tao ra chuoi j , j +1, j +2,., k -1, k
j : i : k Tao ra chuoi j , j +i , j +2I ,.,k -i , k
A(: , j ) Chcot thj cua ma tran A
A(i , :) Chhang thi cua ma tran
A(: , :) Chtoan boma tran A
A(j , k) Chphan tA(j ), A(j +1)A(k)
A(: , j , k) Chcac phan tA(:, j ), A(:, j +1)A(:, k)
A(:) Chtat cacac thanh phan cua ma tran A
c) V du:
khi khai bao D = 1 : 10
ta c ket qua:
D = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
con khi khai bao D = 0 : 2 :10
th ta c ket qua:
D = 0 2 4 6 8 10
I I I . CAC HAM LOGI C (LOGI CAL FUNCTI ON)
1. Lenh ALL
a) Cong dung:
Ki em tra vector hay ma tran cogi atr0 hay khong.
b) Cuphap:
y = al l (x)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: bi en cha ket qua
x: ten vedtor hay ma tran
y = 1 khi tat cacac phan tkhac 0
y = 0 khi co1 phan tbang 0
d) V du:
a=[ 1 2 3]
a =
1 2 3
y=al l (a)
y =
1
a=[ 1 0 3]
a =
1 0 3
y=al l (a)
y =
0
a=[ 1 2 3;4 0 6;7 8 9]
a =
1 2 3
4 0 6
7 8 9
y=al l (a)
y =
1 0 1
a=[ 1 2 0;0 3 5;2 6 8]
a =
1 2 0
0 3 5
2 6 8
y=al l (a)
y =
0 1 0
2. Lenh ANY
a) Cong dung:
Ki em tra vector hay ma tran cogi atrkhac 0 hay khong.
b) Cuphap:
y = any(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: bi en cha ket qua.
x: ten vector, hay ma tran.
y = 1 khi co1 phan tkhac 0.
y = 0 khi co1 phan tbang 0.
d) V du:
a=[ 1 2 3] ;
y=any(a)
y =
1
b=[ 1 0 3 0] ;
y=any(b)
y =
1
c=[ 1 2 0 4;0 2 0 4;1 2 3 4;3 4 5 6]
c =
1 2 0 4
0 2 0 4
1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6
y=any(c)
y =
1 1 1 1
d=[ 0 0 0 0;0 1 3 0]
d =
0 0 0 0
0 1 3 0
y=any(d)
y =
0 1 1 0
3. Lenh EXI ST
a) Cong dung:
Ki em tra bi en hay f i l e coton tai hay khong.
b) Cuphap:
e = exi st( i tem )
c) Gi ai thch:
i tem: l aten f i l e hay ten bi en.
e: bi en cha gi atrtrave.
e Yngha
0 i tem khong ton tai trong vung l am vi ec
1 i tem l abi en ang ton tai trong vung l am vi ec
2 i tem ang ton tai tren a (chki em tra trong th muc hi en
hanh)
3 i tem l aMEX -f i l e
4 i tem l af i l e c dch tphan mem Si mul i nk
5 i tem l aham cua Matl ab
d) V du:
e = exi st( di r )
e = 5
4. Lenh FI ND
a) Cong dung:
Tm phan ttrong vector hay ma tran theo yeu cau.
b) Cuphap:
k = f i nd(x)
[ i ,j ] = f i nd(x)
[ i ,j ,s] = f i nd(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
k: chvtr cua phan tcan tm trong vector.
i ,j : chsohang vasocot tng ng cua phan tcan tm.
s: cha gi atrcua phan tcan tm.
x: ten vector, ma tran hay l ayeu cau era. Neu khong neu ra yeu cau th mac nhi en l a
tm cac phan tkhac 0.
d) V du:
x=[ 1 8 0 2 3 0]
x =
1 8 0 2 3 0
k=f i nd(x)
k =
1 2 4 5
k=[ 3 6]
k =
3 6
a=[ 5 0 0;8 0 3]
a =
5 0 0
8 0 3
[ i ,j ,k] =f i nd(a)
i =
1
2
2
j =
1
1
3
k =
5
8
3
I V. NHOM LENH LAP TR NH TRONG MATLAB
1. Lenh EVAL
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen oi chuoi kytthanh bi eu thc.
b) Cuphap:
kq = eval ( st ri ng )
c) Gi ai thch:
kq: bi en cha ket qua.
Neu stri ng l acac kysoth chuyen thanh nhng con so.
Neu stri ng l acau l enh th chuyen thanh cac l enh thi hanh c.
d) V du:
a='199999999';
eval (a)+1
ans =
200000000
2. Lenh FOR
a) Cong dung:
Dung ethc hi en 1 cong vi ec can l ap i l ap l ai theo mot quy l uat, vi sobc l ap xac
nh trc.
b) Cuphap:
f or bi en i eu khi en = gi atrau : gi atrcuoi ,
thc hi en cong vi ec;
end
c) Gi ai thch:
Cong vi ec chnh l acac l enh can thi hanh, cotheconhi eu l enh, ket thuc l enh phai codau;
d) V du:
I n ra man hnh 5 dong PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban .
f or i = 1:5,
di sp( PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban );
end
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
3. Lenh FUNCTI ON
a) Cong dung:
Tao them ham mi .
b) Cuphap:
f uncti on s = n(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
s: ten bi en cha gi atrtravesau khi thi hanh ham.
n: ten gi nh.
d) V du: ( phan l ap trong M.f i l e)
4. Lenh I NPUT
a) Cong dung:
Dung enhap vao 1 gi atr.
b) Cuphap:
ten bi en = i nput ( promt )
ten bi en = i nput ( promt , s )
c) Gi ai thch:
ten bi en, l ani l u gi atrngap vao.
promt : chuoi kytmuon nhap vao.
s : cho bi et gi atrnhap vao l anhi eu kyt.
d) V du1:
x = i nput( nhap gi atrcua bi en x: )
nhap gi atrcua bi en x: 5
x = 5
e) V du2:
tra_l i = i nput( ban comuon ti ep tuc khong ? , s )
ban comuon ti ep tuc khong ? khong
tra_l i = khong
5. Lenh I F ELSEI F ELSE
a) Cong dung:
Thc hi en l enh khi thoa i eu ki e n.
b) Cuphap:
i f bi eu thc l uan l y1
thc hi en cong vi ec 1;
el sei f bi eu thc l uan l y2
el se
end
c) Gi ai thch:
Khi bi eu thc l uan ky1 ung th thc hi en cong vi ec 1 tng t cho bi eu thc l uan l y2.
Neu cahai bi eu thc sai th thc hi en cong vi ec sau l enh el se.
Bi eu thc l uan l yl acac phep so sanh ==, <, >, <=, >=
cong vi ec chnh l acac l enh can thi hanh, cotheconhi eu l enh, ke t thuc l enh phai codau ;
d) V du:
Vi et chng trnh nhap vao 2 sovaso sanh hai soo.
a = i nput( Nhap a: );
b = i nput( Nhap b: );
i f a > b
di sp( a l n hn b );
el sei f a ==b
di sp( a bang b );
el se
di sp( a nhohn b );
end
nhap a: 4
nhap b: 5
a nhohn b
6. Lenh MENU
a) Cong dung:
Tao menu echon chc nang.
b) Cuphap:
ten bi en = menu ( Ten menu , chc nang1 , chc nang2 , . , chc nang n )
c) Gi ai thch:
ten menu: l ati eu ecua menu.
ten bi en: l ani cat gi atrnhan c sau khi chon chc nang cua menu.
Chc nang 1, 2, .,n:khi chon chc nang nao th ten bi en cogi atrl asothtcua chc
nang o.
d) V du:
k = menu( Choose a col or , Red , Bl ue , Green )
---- Choose a col or ----
1) Red
2) Bl ue
3) Green
7. Lenh PAUSE
a) Cong dung:
Dng chng trnh theo ymuon.
b) Cuphap:
pause on
pause of f
pause (n)
c) Gi ai thch:
pause on: dng chng trnh, vachnhan 1 phm bat ky(trcac phm i eu khi en) chng
trnh thc hi en ti ep.
pause of f : tat chc nang pause.
pause (n): dng chng trnh tai n gi ay.
d) V du:
f or n = 1 : 3;
di sp( Press any key to conti nue )
pause
end
Press any key to conti nue
8. Lenh WHI LE
a) Cong dung:
Dung ethc hi en 1 cong vi ec can l ap i l ap l ai theo mot quy l uat, vi sobc l ap khong
xac nh, phuthuoc vao bi eu thc l uan l y.
b) Cuphap:
whi l e bi eu thc l uan l y
thc hi en cong vi ec;
end
c) Gi ai thch:
Bi eu thc l uan l yl acac phep so sanh = =, <, >, <=, >=
Cong vi ec chnh l acac l enh can thi hanh, cotheconhi eu l enh, ket thuc l enh phai co dau ;
Khi thc hi en xong cong vi ec th quay l en ki em tra l ai bi eu thc l uan l y, neu van con
ung th ti ep tuc thc hi en, neu sai th ket thuc.
d) V du:
tnh tong A = 1+1/2+1/3++1/n
n = i nput( nhap vao son );
a = 0; i = 1
whi l e i <= n
a = a + 1/i
i = i + 1;
end
di sp( ket qua );
di sp(a);
nhap vao so n 3
ket qua
1.8333
B1(BT4a): Vi et chng trnh nhap vao mot son(n>=0)
vi cac trng hp sau:
a) Neu n<0 th i n thong bao ban nhap sai
b) Neu n>0 val eth tnh tong s1=1+3+5+...+n,n l asol e.
c) Neu n>0 vachan th s2=2+4+6+...+n,n chan.
d) Neu n=0 dng chng trnh l ai .
% BT4a: Viet chuong trinh nhap vao mot so n(n>=0)
% voi cac truong hop sau:
% a) Neu n<0 thi in thong bao ban nhap sai
% b) Neu n>0 va le thi tinh tong s1=1+3+5+...+n,n la so le.
% c) Neu n>0 va chan thi s2=2+4+6+...+n,n chan.
% d) Neu n=0 dung chuong trinh lai.
n=input('nhap n= '); %nhap so n
du=rem(n,2); %kiem tra n la le hay chan
%neu n le du=1, n chan du=0
if n<0
fprintf('Ban nhap sai') %xuat ra thong bao
end
if (n>0) & (du==1) %neu n>0 va le
i=1; %gan i=1;
s1=1; %gan tong s1=1
while i<n %thuc hien vong lap
i=i+2; %tang i len 2 sau moi lan lap
s1=s1+i; %tinh tong s1 voi gia tri i moi
end
s1 %in ra ket qu a sau khi ket thuc vong lap
end
if (n>0) & (du==0)
i=0;
s2=0;
while i<n
i=i+2;
s2=s2+i;
end
s2
end
if n==0 %neu n=0
break %lenh ket thuc
end
Khi chay chng trnh:
nhap n= 5
s1 =
9
BT4a
nhap n= 4
s2 =
6
BT4a
nhap n= -6
Ban nhap sai BT4a
nhap n= 0
V. TAP LENH XLYCHUOI

1. Lenh ABS
a) Cong dung:
Tao vector n cogi atrcua moi phan tl asothttng ng vi ky ttrong bang ma
ASCI I .
Lay trtuyet oi cua mot soam.
b) Cuphap:
n = ABS(s)
x = ABS(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
n: ten vector.
s: chuoi kyt, hoac l aten bi en cha chuoi kyt.
a: soam, hoac l aten bi en cha soam.
x: trtuyet oi cua a.
d) V du:
n=abs('PHAM QUOC TRUONG')
n =
Col umns 1 through 12
80 72 65 77 32 81 85 79 67 32 84 82
Col umns 13 through 16
85 79 78 71
m=abs('MATLAB')
m =
77 65 84 76 65 66
U=abs('abc')
U =
97 98 99
T=abs(-1)
T =
1
2. Lenh BLANKS
a) Cong dung:
Tao khoang trang gi a hai hay nhi eu chuoi kyt theo mong muon.
b) Cuphap:
[ S1 BLANKS(b1) S2 BLANKS(b2) BLANKS(b n) Sn]
c) Gi ai thch:
S1, S2, Sn: cac chuoi kyt.
b1, b2: sokhoang trang.
d) V du:
I n 4 chuoi Khao sat , ng dung , MATLAB , trong i eu khi en tong ra man hnh vi
khoang cach l an l t gi a 4 chuoi l a: 2,4,3
S=[ 'Khao sat'bl anks(2) 'ung dung'bl anks(4) 'MATLAB'bl anks(3) 'trong di eu khi en tu dong']
S =
Khao sat ung dung MATLAB trong di eu khi en tu dong
3. Lenh DEC2HEX
a) Cong dung:
oi con socua he10 sang he16.
b) Cuphap:
s = dec2hex(n)
c) Gi ai thch:
s: bi en cha chuoi kysocua he16
n: con songuyen he10.
d) V du:
s = dec2hex(10)
s = A
4. Lenh HEX2DEC
a) Cong dung:
oi chuoi kysocua he16 sang con socua he10.
b) Cuphap:
n = hex2dec( s )
c) Gi ai thch:
n: con socua he10.
s: chuoi kysohe16.
d) V du:
n = hex2dec( A )
n = 10
5. Lenh I NT2STR
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen songuyen sang dang chuoi .
Chuyen cac kyttrong mot chuoi sang sothttng ng trong bang maASCI I .
b) Cuphap:
kq = I NT
c) Gi ai thch:
kq: bi en STR(n)cha ket qua.
n: ten bi en can chuyen.
Neu n l asonguyen th kq l achuoi kyso.
Neu n l achuoi kytth kq l asotng ng trong bang maASCI I
d) V du:
n='MATL AB'
n =
MATLAB
t=i nt2str(n)
t =
77 65 84 76 65 66
n=2001
n =
2001
t=i nt2str(n)
t =
2001
6. Lenh I SSTR
a) Cong dung:
Ki em tra noi dung bi en cophai l achuoi kytkhong.
b) Cuphap:
kq = i sstr(n)
c) Gi ai thch:
n: ten bi en can ki em tra.
kq = 1 neu n l achuoi kyt.
0 neu n khong l achuoi kyt.
d) V du:
n='MATLAB';
kq=i sstr(n)
kq =
1
m=[ 1 2 3 4] ;
kq=i sstr(m)
kq =
0
7. Lenh LOWER
a) Cong dung:
Cho ra chuoi kytvi et thng.
b) Cuphap:
b = l ower(s)
c) Gi ai thch:
b: bi en cha ket qua.
s: ten bi en cha chuoi kythay chuoi kyt.
d) V du:
a='DO AN cua pHAm quOC TRuOnG';
b=l ower(a)
b =
do an cua pham quoc truong
8. Lenh NUM2STR
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen sothc sang dang chuoi .
Chuyen cac kyttrong mot chuoi sang sothttng ng trong bang maASCI I .
b) Cuphap:
kq = num2tr(n)
c) Gi ai thch:
n: ten bi en can chuyen.
Neu n l asothc th kq l asotng ng trong bang maASCI I .
d) V du:
n=3.1416;
kq=num2str(n)
kq =
3.1416
9. Lenh SETSTR
a) Cong dung:
Cho ra kyttng ng vi sothttrong bang maASCI I .
b) Cuphap:
x = Set Str(n)
c) Gi ai thch:
x: bi en cha kyttng ng (thuoc bang maASCI I ).
n: songuyen (0 n 255).
d) V du:
Tm kytcosothtl a65 trong bang maASCI I .
kt=setstr(65)
kt =
A
10. Lenh STR2MAT
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran cocac phan tdang chuoi .
b) Cuphap:
s = str2mat( s1 , s2 , )
c) Gi ai thch:
s: ten ma tran ket qua.
s1, s2: chuoi kyt.
d) V du:
s = str2mat( mat , l ab )
s =
mat
l ab
11. Lenh STR2NUM
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen chuoi (dang so) sang sothc.
b) Cuphap:
n = str2num(s)
c) Gi ai thch:
s: chuoi dang so.
n: sothc.
d) V du:
n = str2num( 456456 )
n = 456456
12. Lenh STRCMP
a) Cong dung:
So sanh 2 chuoi kyt.
b) Cuphap:
l = strcmp(s1, s2)
c) Gi ai thch:
l : bi en cha ket qua.
s1, s2: chuoi can so sanh.
d) V du:
a = MatLab WoRkS
b = MatLab WoRkS
strcmp(a,b)
ans = 1
13. Lenh UPPER
a) Cong dung:
Cho ra chuoi vi et hoa.
b) Cuphap:
b = upper
c) Gi ai thch:
b: bi en cha ket qua.
s: ten bi en cha chuoi kyt.
d) V du:
a = MaTl ab WORks
b = upper(a)
b = MATLAB
b = upper( MaTl ab WORks )
b= MATLAB WORKS
VI . CAC HAM GI AO TI EP
1. Lenh FCLOSE
a) Cong dung:
ong f i l e ang msau khi truy xuat xong.
b) Cuphap:
f cl ose(f i d)
c) Gi ai thch:
f i d: ten bi en troen f i l e ang m.
2. Lenh FOPEN
a) Cong dung:
Mf i l e hoac truy xuat dl i eu cua f i l e ang m.
b) Cuphap:
f i d = f open( f n )
f i d = f open( f n , p )
c) Gi ai thch:
f i d: ten bi en troen f i l e ang m.
f n: ten f i l e (cotheat ng dan).
Tham sop cocac nh dang sau:
r : choc.
r+ : oc vaghi .
w : xoa tat canoi dung cua f i l e hoac tao 1 f i l e m i vamf i l e oeghi .
w+ : xoa tat canoi dung cua f i l e hoac tao 1 f i l e mi vamf i l e oeghi vaoc.
3. Lenh FPRI NTF
a) Cong dung:
Ghi oan dl i eu thanh f i l e.
b) Cuphap:
f pri ntf (f i d, f )
c) Gi ai thch:
f i d: ten bi en troen f i l e can ghi .
f : cac tham soenh dang.
d) V du:
Tao f i l e exp.txt conoi dung:
x = 0:2:10;
y = [ x, x/2] ;
f i d = f open( exp.txt , w );
f pri ntf (f i d, %d , [ 2, i nf ] );
Gan f i l e exp.txt va bi en a exem noi dung:
f i d = f open( exp.txt )
a = f scanf (f i d, %d , [ 2,i nf ] );
di sp(a);
f cl ose(f i d);
Ket qua
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 1 2 3 4 5
4. Lenh FREAD
a) Cong dung:
oc dl i eu dang nhphan tf i l e.
b) Cuphap:
[ a, c] =f scanf (f i d)
[ a, c] = f scanf (f i d,s)
c) Gi ai thch:
a: ten bi en cha dl i ec c oc vao.
c: sophan tc oc vao.
f i d: ten bi en troen f i l e can oc.
s: kch thc dl i eu oc vao.
s c nh dang bi cac thong so:
n: choc n phan tvao cot vector a.
i nf : oc en het f i l e.
[ m,n] : choc vao m cot van hang, n cothebang i nf con m th khong.
d) V du1:
f i l e vd.txt conoi dung:
A B C
1 2 3
f i d = f open(vd.txt );
[ a,c] = f read(f i d);
di sp(a);
di sp(c);
a =
65
32
66
32
67
13
10
49
32
50
32
51
c =
12
e) V du2
f i d = f open( vd1.txt );
[ a,c] = f read(f i d, 4);
di sp(a);
di sp(c);
a=
65
32
66
32
c =
4
f ) V du3:
f i l e vd3.txt conoi dung
ABCDE
FGHI J
KLMNO
f i d = f open( vd3.txt );
[ a,c] = f read(f i d, [ 7, i nf ] );
di sp(a);
di sp(c);
a =
65 70 75
66 71 76
67 72 76
73 78
74 79
13 13 13
10 10 10
c =
21
a =
65 66 67 68 69 13 10
70 71 72 73 74 13 10
75 76 77 78 79 13 10
5. Lenh FWRI TE
a) Cong dung:
Ghi oan dl i eu dang nhphan thanh f i l e.
b) Cuphap:
f wri te (f i d,a)
c) Gi ai thch:
f i d: ten bi en troen f i l e can ghi .
a: ten bi en cha dl i eu.
d) V du:
Ghi oan dl i eu cua bi en a thanh f i l e a.txt
a = [ 65 66 67]
f i d = f open( a.txt , w );
f wri te(f i d, % );
f wi te(f i d,a);
Gan f i l e a.txt vao bi en b exem noi dung
f i d = f open( a.txt );
b = f scanf (f i d, % );
di sp(b);
f cl ose(f i d);
Ket qua
b = ABC
6. Lenh SPRI NTF
a) Cong dung:
Hi en ththong ti n l en man hnh.
b) Cuphap:
s = spri ntf ( ts ,ds)
c) Gi ai thch:
s: bi en cha chuoi sohi en thtren man hnh.
ts: cac tham sonh dang.
ds: danh sach cac oi so.
Tham sonh dang thuoc 1 trong 2 ki e u sau:
() Chuoi kyt: chuoi nay sec hi en th l en man hnh gi ong het nh c vi et
trong cau l enh.
(2) Chuoi cac tham sonh dang: cac chuoi nay sekhong c hi en thl en man hnh,
nhng tac dung i eu khi en vi ec chuyen oi vacach hi en thcac oi soc a ra
trong danh sach cac oi so.
V ducac tham sonh dang:
1) %d: oi sol asonguyen c vi et di dang thap phan.
s = spri ntf ( ay l aso: %d , -24)
s = ay l aso: -2
2) %u: oi sol asonguyen c vi et di dang thap phan khong dau.
s = spri ntf ( ay l aso: %u ,24)
s = ay l aso: 24
3) %o: oi sol asonguyen c vi et di dang c so8 khong dau.
s = spri ntf ( ay l aso: %o ,9)
s = ay l aso: 11
4) %x: oi sol asonguyen c vi et di dang c so16.
s = spri ntf ( ay l aso: %x ,255)
s = ay l aso:f f
5) %f : oi sol asonguyen c vi et di dang cp so10.
s = spri ntf ( ay l aso: %f ,2550
s = ay l aso: 255.000000
enh dang phan thap phan th them vao con socha sothap phan can l ay.
s = spri ntf ( ay l aso: %.3f , 2.5568)
s = ay l aso: 2.557
6) %c: oi sol a1 kytri eng ac bi et.
s = spri ntf ( ay l ach: %c , M )
s = ay l ach: M
7)%s: oi sol achuoi kyt.
s = spri ntf ( ay l achuoi : %s , Matl ab )
s = ay l achuoi : Matl ab
8. Lenh SSCANF
a) Cong dung:
oc chuoi kytvanh dang l ai chuoi kyto.
b) Cuphap:
[ a,count] = sscanf (s, f ormat , si ze)
c) Gi ai thch:
a: ten bi en cha chuoi kytsau khi c nh dang.
count: em sophan tc oc vao.
si ze: kch thc sec oc vao.
f ormat: phan nh dang gi ong nh l enh spri ntf .
d) V du:
s = 3.12 1.2 0.23 2.56 ;
[ a, count] = sscanf (s, %f ,3)
a =
3.1200
1.2000
0.2300
count =
3
VI I . CAC HAM TOAN HOC C BAN
1. Mot soham lng giac:
a) Cuphap:
kq = hl g(x)
b) Gi ai thch:
kq: ten bi en cha ket qua.
x: n vradi an.
hl g: ten ham l ng gi ac.
Ten ham l ng gi ac Gi ai thch
si n
cos
tan
asi n
atan
si nh
cosh
tanh
Tnh gi atrsi ne
Tnh gi atrcosi ne
Tnh gi atrtangent
Nghch ao cua si ne
Nghch ao cua tangent
Tnh gi atrhyperbol i c si ne
Tnh gi atrhyperbol i c cosi ne
Tnh ga trhyperbol i c tangent
2. Lenh ANGLE
a) Cong dung:
Tnh goc pha cua sophc.
b) Cuphap:
p = angl e(z)
c) Gi ai thch:
p: ten bi en cha ket qua, n vradi ans
z: sophc
d) V du:
z = i -3j
z = 0 2.0000i
p = angl e(z)
p = -1.5708
3. Lenh CEI L
a) Cong dung:
Lam tron sovepha songuyen l n hn.
b) Cuphap:
y = cei l (x)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: sosau khi c l am tron.
x: socan c l am tron.
d) V du:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = cei l (x)
y = -1 0 4 6 7
4. Lenh CONJ
a) Cong dung:
Tnh l ng l i en hi ep cua sophc.
b) Cuphap:
y = conj (z)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: ten bi en cha l ng l i en hi ep
z: sophc
d) V du:
z = -3i + 2j
z = 0 1.0000i
y = conj (z)
y = 0 + 1.0000i
5. Lenh EXP
a) Cong dung:
Tnh gi atre
x
.
b) Cuphap:
y = exp(x)
c) V du:
y = exp(x)
y = 20.0855
6. Lenh FI X
a) Cong dung:
Lam tron sovepha zero.
b) Cuphap:
y = f i x(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: sosau khi c l am tron.
x: socan c l am tron.
d) V du:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = f i x(x)
y = -1 0 3 5 7
7. Lenh FLOOR
a) Cong dung:
Lam tron sovepha songuyen nhohn.
b) Cuphap:
y = f l oor(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: sosau khi c l am tron .
x: socan c l am tron
d) V du:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = f l oor(x)
y = -2 -1 3 5 7
8. Lenh I MAG
a) Cong dung:
Lay phan ao cua sophc.
b) Cuphap:
y = i mag(z)
c) V du:
y = i mag(2 + 3j )
y = 3
9. Lenh LOG
a) Cong dung:
Tm l ogari thm c soe.
b) Cuphap:
y = l og(x)
d) V du:
y = l og(2.718)
y = 0.9999
10. Lenh LOG2
a) Cong dung:
Tm l ogari thm c so2.
b) Cuphap:
y = l og2(x)
d) V du:
y = l og2(2)
y = 1
11. Lenh LOG10
a) Cong dung:
Tm l ogari thm c so10.
b) Cuphap:
y = l og10(x)
d) V du:
y = l og10(10)
y = 1
12. Lenh REAL
a) Cong dung:
Lay phan thc cua sophc.
b) Cuphap:
y = real (z)
d) V du:
y = real (1 + 3j )
y = 2
13. Lenh REM
a) Cong dung:
Cho phan d cua phep chi a.
b) Cuphap:
r = rem(a,b)
c) Gi ai thch:
r: bi en cha ket qua
a, b: sochi a vasobchi a
d) V du:
r = rem(16, 3)
r = 1
14. Lenh ROUND
a) Cong dung:
Lam tron sosao cho gan songuyen nhat.
b) Cuphap:
y = round(x)
c) V du:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = round(x)
y= -2 0 3 6 7
Bang so sanh cua cac phep l am tron so
X -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
cei l (x) -1 0 4 6 7
f l oor(x) -2 -1 3 5 7
f i x(x) -1 0 3 5 7
round(x) -2 0 3 6 7
15. Lenh SI GN
a) Cong dung:
Xet dau sothc.
b) Cuphap:
y = si gn(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
x: sothc can xet dau.
y: ket quatrave.
y x
0 so0
1 sodng
-1 soam
d) V du:
x = 2 0 -3 0.5
y = sugn(x)
y= 1 0 -1 1
16. Lenh SQRT
a) Cong dung:
Tnh can bac hai .
b) Cuphap:
y = sqrt(x)
c) V du:
x = 4
y = sqrt(x)
y = 2
VI I I . TAP LENH THAO TAC TREN MA TRAN
1. Cong, t r , nhan, chia t ng phan t cua ma t r an vi hang so
a) Cuphap:
Ma tran ket qua= ma tran [ +] [ -] [ .] [ /] hang so.
b) V du:
a =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Cong ma tran a vi 2 ket qual ama tran b
b = a + 2
b =
3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10 11
tng tcho cac phep tnh tr , nhan vachi a.
2. Lenh DET
a) Cong dung:
Dung etnh nh thc cua ma tran.
b) V du:
Tnh nh thc cua ma tran a
a =
4
5 6
det(a)
ans = -8
3. Lenh DI AG
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran mi vaxl yng cheo theo quy c.
b) Cuphap:
v = di ag(x)
v = di ag(x,k)
c) Gi ai thch:
x: l avector con phan t.
v: l ama tran c tao ra tx theo quy tac: so hang bang socot vacac phan tcua x nam
tren ng cheo cua v.
k: tham sonh dang cho v, sohang vacot cua v = n + abs(k).
Neu k = 0 ng cheo cua v chnh l acac phan tcua x
Neu k > 0 cac phan t cua x nam pha tren ng cheo v
Neu k < 0 cac phan tcua x nam pha di ng cheo v
d) V du:
x = 2 1 9 5 4
v = di ag(x)
v =
2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 0 4
v = di ag(x,2)
v =
0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v = di ag(x,0)
v =
2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 4
v = di ag(x,-2)
v =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 4 0 0
4. Lenh EYE
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran n v.
b) Cuphap:
y = eye(n)
y = eye(n,m)
c) Gi ai thch:
n: tao ma tran con hang, n cot.
m, n: tao ma tran com hang, n cot.
d) V du:
y = eye(3)
y =
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
y = eye(3,5)
y =
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
5. Lenh FLI PLR
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen cac phan tcua cac ma tran theo thtcot ngc l ai .
b) Cuphap:
b = f l i pl r(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
b: ten ma tran c chuyen oi .
a: ten ma tran can chuyen oi .
d) V du:
a =
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
b = f l i pl r(a)
4 3 2 1 0
9 8 7 6 5
6. Lenh FLI PUD
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen cac phan tcua ma tran theo ththang ngc l ai .
b) Cuphap:
b = f l i pud(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
b: ten ma tran c chuy en oi .
a: ten ma tran can chuyen oi .
d) V du:
a =
4
5
6
b = f l i pud(a)
b =
3 6
2 5
1 4
7. Lenh I NV
a) Cong dung:
Tm ma tran nghch ao.
b) Cuphap:
Ma tran nghch ao = i nv (ma tran)
c) V du:
Tm ma tran nghch ao cua a.
a =
1 2 0
2 5 -1
4 10 -1
b = i nv(a)
b =
5 2 -2
-2 -1 1
0 -2 1
8. Lenh t ao ma tr an
a) Cong dung:
Dung etao 1 ma tran gom con hang vam cot.
b) Cuphap:
Ten ma tran = [ a
11
a
12
a
1m
; a
21
a
22
a
2m
;;]
c) Gi ai thch:
a
11
, a
12
, a
1m
l acac gi atrtai hang 1 cot 1 en cac gi atrtai hang 1 cot m, con dau (;) l a
con hang.
d) V du:
Tao ma tran gom 3 hang va3 cot vi gi atrl a
1 2 3
4 5 6
1 0 0
a = [ 1 2 3; 4 5 6; 1 0 0]
a = 1 2 3
4 5 6
1 0 0
9. Lenh t ao vect or n
a) Cong dung:
Lenh nay dung etao 1 vector n gom con phan t.
b) Cuphap 1:
Ten vector = [ pt1 pt2 pt3 ptn]
c) Gi ai thch:
pt1 pt2 ptn: l acac sothc.
d) V du:
Tao vector a gom co 4 phan t, vi cac gi atrl a:1, 3, 7, 4
a = [ 1 3 7 4]
a =
1 3 7 4
e) Cuphap 2:
Ten vector = gt:csc:gtkt
f ) Gi ai thch:
gt: l agi atrbat au cua vector.
csc: cap socong.
gtkt: gi atrket thuc.
g) V du:
Tao vector a cogi atrbat au 0.2, gi atrket thuc pi /2
(= 1.5708), cap socong 0,3.
a = 0.2;0.3;pi /2
a =
0.2000 0.5000 0.8000 1.1000 1.4000
10. Lenh LI NSPACE
a) Cong dung:
Tao vector cogi atrngau nhi en gi i han trong khoang nh trc.
b) Cuphap:
y = l i nspace(x1, x2)
y = l i nspace(x1, x2, n)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: ten cua vector.
x1, x2: gi i han gi atrl n nhat vanhonhat cua vector y.
n: sophan tcua vector y.
Neu khong cogi atrn th mac nh n = 100.
d) V du:
y = l i nspace(1, 10, 7)
y = 1.0000 2.5000 4.0000 5.5000 7.0000 8.5000 10.0000
11. Ma t r an chuyen v
a) Cong dung:
Ma tran chuyen v= ma tran ang co.
b) Cuphap:
Tao 1 ma tran chuyen vt1 ma tran ang co.
c) V du:
a =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
ma tran chuyen vb
b = a
b =
7
8
9
12. Lenh MAGI C
a) Cong dung:
Tao 1 ma tran vuong cotong cua cac phan ttrong 1 h ang, 1 cot hoac tren ng cheo
bang nhau.
b) Cuphap:
Ten ma tran = magi c(n)
c) Gi ai thch:
n: kch thc ma tran.
Gi atrcua moi phan ttrong ma tran l amot day songuyen l i en tuc t1 en 2
n
.
Tong cac hang, cot vacac ng cheo eu bang nhau.
d) V du:
tmt = magi c(3)
tmt =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
13. Nhan ma t r an
a) Cong dung:
Ma tran ket qua= ma tran 1* ma tran 2.
b) V du:
Ta co2 ma tran a vab nh tren vac l ama tran ket qua
c = a* b
c =
14 32 50
32 77 122
50 122 194
14. Lenh ONES
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran magi atrcua cac phan tl a1.
b) Cuphap:
y = ones(n)
y = ones(m,n)
c) Gi ai thch:
y = ten ma tran.
n: tao ma tran con hang
d) V du:
y = ones(3)
y =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
y = ones(3,5)
y =
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
15. Lenh PASCAL
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran theo quy l uan tam gi ac Pascal .
b) Cuphap:
pascal (n)
c) Gi ai thch:
n: l asohang (cot)
d) V du:
pascal (4)
ans =
1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4
1 3 6 10
1 4 10 20
16. Lenh RAND
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran maket magi atrcua cac phan tl angau nhi en.
b) Cuphap:
y = rand(n)
y = rand(m,n)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: ten ma tran.
n: tao ma tran con hang, n cot.
Gi atrcua cac phan tnam trong khoang [ 0 1]
d) V du:
y = rand(3)
y =
0.9340 0.0920 0.7012
0.8462 0.6539 0.7622
0.5269 0.4160 0.7622
y = rand(3,5)
y =
0.2625 0.3282 0.9910 0.9826 0.6515
0.0475 0.6326 0.3653 0.7227 0.0727
0.7361 0.7564 0.2470 0.7534 0.6316
17. Lenh RESHAPE
a) Cong dung:
nh dang l ai kch thc ma tran.
b) Cuphap:
b = reshape(a,m,n)
c) Gi ai thch:
b: ma tran c nh dang l ai .
a: ma tran can c nh dang.
m, n: sohang vasocot cua b.
Ma tran a phai cosophan tl a: m* n.
d) V du:
a =
1 4 7 10
2 5 8 11
3 6 9 12
b = reshape(a,2,6)
b =
1 3 5 7 9 11
2 4 6 8 10 12
18. Lenh ROT90
a) Cong dung:
Xoay ma tran 90
0
.
b) Cuphap:
b = rot90(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
b: ma tran ac xoay 90
0
a: ma tran can xoay.
d) V du:
a =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
b = rot90(a)
b =
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
19. Lenh TRACE
a) Cong dung:
Tnh tong cac phan tcua ng cheo ma tran.
b) Cuphap:
d = trace(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
d: bi en cha ket qua.
a: ten ma tran.
d) V du:
a =
2 8 3
4 7 1
6 9 2
d = trace(a)
d = 11
20. Lenh TRI L
a) Cong dung:
Lay phan na di ma tran theo hnh.
b) Cuphap:
I = tri l (x)
I = tri l (x,k)
c) Gi ai thch:
I : ten ma tran ket qua.
k: tham so.
Neu k = o l ay tng cheo trxuong.
Neu k = n l ay tng cheo trl en n n v.
Neu k = -n l ay tng cheo trxuong n n v.
d) V du:
a =
5 9 13
6 10 14
7 11 15
8 12 16
i = tri l (a)
i =
1 0 0 0
2 6 0 0
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
i = tri l (a,0)
i =
1 0 0 0
2 6 0 0
3 7 11 0
4 8 12 16
i = tri l (a,1)
i =
1 5 0 0
2 6 10 0
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
i = tri l (a,-1)
i =
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 7 0 0
4 8 12 0
21. Lenh TRI U
a) Cong dung:
Lay phan na tren ma tran theo hnh tam gi ac.
b) Cuphap:
I = tri u(x)
I = tri u(x,k)
c) Gi ai thch:
I : ten ma t ran ket qua.
k: tham so
Neu k = 0 l ay tng cheo trl en.
Neu k = n l ay tng cheo trxuong n n v.
Neu k = -n l ay tng cheo trl en n n v.
d) V du:
a =
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
I = tri u(a)
I =
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
I = tri u(a,0)
I =
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
I = tri u(a,-1)
I =
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
0 7 11 15
0 0 12 16
I = tri u(a,1)
I = 0 5 9 13
0 0 10 14
0 0 0 15
0 0 0 0
22. Lenh ZEROS
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran magi atrcua cac phan t
b) Cuphap:
y = zeros(n)
y = zeros(m,n)
c) Gi ai thch:
y: ten ma tran.
n: tao ma tran con hang van cot.
d) V du:
y = zeros(3)
y =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
y = zeros(3,7)
y =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I X. CAC PHEP T NH AI SO
1. Lenh CONV
a) Cong dung:
Nhan hai a thc.
b) Cuphap:
c = conv(a,b)
c) Gi ai thch:
a,b: a thc
c: tch socua a,b
Cach khai bao: sap xep bi en theo thtgi am dan cua l uy tha.
d) V du:
Nhan hai a thc (3x
2
+4x+5).(2x
3
-3x
2
+2)
a = [ 0 3 4 5]
a = 0 3 4 5
b = [ 2 -3 0 2]
b =2 -3 0 2
c = conv(a,b)
c = 0 6 -1 -2 -9 8 10
2. Lenh CUMPROD
a) Cong dung:
Nhan don cac phan t.
b) Cuphap:
cp = cumprod (a)
c) Gi ai thch:
cp: bi en cha ket qua
a: ten cua ma tran hay vector.
d) V du:
b = 1 9 3 4
cp =cumprod(b)
cp = 1 9 27 108
a =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
cp = cumprod(a)
cp =1 3 5
9 3 10
36 6 10
3. Lenh CUMSUM
a) Cong dung:
Cong don cac phan t.
b) Cuphap:
cs = cumprod(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
cs: bi en cha ket qua.
a: l aten cua ma tran hay vector.
d) V du:
b = 1 10 1 2 5
cs = cumsum(b)
cs =1 11 12 14 19
a=
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
cs = cumsum(a)
cs =
1 3 5
10 4 7
14 6 8
4. Lenh DECONV
a) Cong dung:
Chi a hai a thc.
b) Cuphap:
[ q,r] =deconv(a,b)
c) Gi ai thch:
a,b: a thc.
q: thng socua a, b.
r: sod.
Cach khai bao: sap xep bi en theo thtgi am dan cua l uy tha.
d) V du:
Chi a 2 a thc (2x
2
+3x+6)/(2x+3)
a = [ 2 3 6]
b = [ 2 3]
[ q,r] = deconv (a,b)
q = 1 0
r = 0 0 6
5. Lenh EXPM
a) Cong dung:
Tnh e
x
b) Cuphap:
kq = expm(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
kq: bi encha ket qua.
d) V du:
kq = expm(3)
kq = 20.0855
6. Lenh FMI N
a) Cong dung:
Tm gi atrnhonhat cua ham so.
b) Cuphap:
x = f mi n( f ucti on ,x1,x2)
c) Gi ai thch:
x: bi en cha ket qua.
f ucti on: ten ham so.
x1, x2: khoang khao sat.
d) V du:
Tm gi atrnhonhat cua ham so: x3 -2x-5 trong khoang [ 0 2]
x =f mi n( x.^3-2* x-5 ,0,2);
x = 0.8165
y = f (x)
y = -6.0887
7. Lenh FPLOT
a) Cong dung:
Veothcua ham so.
b) Cuphap:
f pl ot( f un ,[ xmi n,xmax]
c) Gi ai thch:
f un: ten ham so.
xmi n, xmax: xac nh khoang can ve.
d) V du:
f pl ot( x.^3-2* x-5 ,[ 0,2] );
gri d;
8. Lenh FZERO
a) Cong dung:
Tm i em 0 cua ham so.
b) Cuphap:
f zero( f un ,x0)
c) Gi ai thch:
i em 0 cua ham sol ai em (0,x), ay cung chnh l anghi em cua ham so. Neu ham soco
nhi eu nghi em th setm c nghi em gan gi atrx0.
f un: ten ham so.
c) V du:
Tm gi atr0 cua ham so: x
2
-5x+3.
Trc ti en ta khai bao ham sof trong tap ti n f .m: (xem them l enh f uncti on)
f uncti on y = f (x);
y = x.^2-5* x+3;
Sau o, tao tap ti n gt0.m:
x = 0:10;
% Gi atrx0 = 0
z = f zero( f ,0);
spri nf ( z = %3f ,z)
z = 0.382
% Gi atrx0 = 2
z = f zero( f ,2);
spri ntf ( z = %.3f ,z)
z = 2.618
% Veothham somi nh hoa:
z = f zero( f ,0);
f pl ot( f ,[ 0,5] ;
gri d;
hol d on;
pl ot(z,0, o );
hol d of f
9. Lenh MAX
a) Cong dung:
Tm gi atrl n nhat.
b) Cuphap:
m = max(x)
[ m,i ] = max(x) v = max(x,y)
c) Gi ai thch:
x,y,v:ten vector.
m: gi atrl n nhat.
i : vtr cua m.
Neu x l ama tran tm ra gi atrl n nhat cua moi cot.
d) V du:
x = 3 5 2 1 4
m= max(x)
m = 5
[ m,i ] = max(x)
m =5
i =2
y = 1 6 8 -5 3
v =max(x,y)
v = 3 6 8 1 4
b =
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = max(b)
m = 3 8 9
[ m,i ] = max(b)
m= 3 8 9
i = 1 3 2
a =
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = max(a,b)
v =
3 6 6
7 7 9
4 8 8
10. Lenh MEAN
a) Cong dung:
Tm gi atrtrung bnh.
b) Cuphap:
Mohnh = mean(a)
c) Gi ai thch:
m: bi en cha ket qua.
a: ten vector hay ma tran can tnh gi atrtrung bnh.
Neu a l ama tran th tnh gi atrtrung bnh cua moi cot.
d) V du:
b = 1 10 1 2 5
m = mean(b)
m = 3.8000
a =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
m = mean(a)
m = 4.6667 2.0000 2.6667
11. Lenh MI N
a) Cong dung:
Tm gi atrnhonhat
b) Cuphap:
m = mi n(x)
[ m,i ] = mi n(x)
v = mi n(x,y)
c) Gi ai thch:
x,y,v: ten vector.
m: l agi atrl n nhat.
i : l avtr cua m.
Neux l ama tran tm ra gi atrnhonha t trong moi cot.
d) V du:
x = 3 5 2 1 4
m = mi n(x)
m = 1
i =4
y =1 6 8 -5 3
v = mi n(x,y)
v = 1 5 2 -5 3
b =
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = mi n(b)
m = 1 6 1
i = 2 1 3
a =
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = mi n(a,b)
v =
0 3 2
1 1 1
2 6 1
12. Lenh PROD
a) Cong dung:
Nhan cac phan t.
b) Cuphap:
p = prod(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
p: bi en cha ket qua.
x: ten ma tran hay day so.
Neu l ama tran nhan tng phan tcuamoi cot.
d) V du:
a = 2 3 4 5
p = prod(a)
p = 20
b =
2 2 3
5 6 4
7 5 4
p =prot(b)
p =70 60 48
13. Lenh ROOTS
a) Cong dung:
Tm nghi em cua a thc.
b) Cuphap:
r = roots(p)
c) Gi ai thch:
r: bi en cha ket qua.
p: ten bi eu thc.
d) V du:
Tm nghi em cuaphng trnh: x
2
-1 =0
p = [ 1 0 -1]
r = roots(p);
di sp(r)
-1.0000
1.0000
14. Lenh SORT
a) Cong dung:
Sap xep mang hay ma tran theo thttang dan.
b) Cuphap:
kq = sort(x)
[ kq,i ] = sort(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
kq: bi en chaket qua.
i : sotht cuaphan ttrc khi sap xep.
Neu x l ama tran th sap xep theo thttang dan cua tng cot.
d) V du:
a = 2 8 5 6 -3 9
kq = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
[ kq,i ] = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
i = 5 1 3 4 2 6
b =
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
kq =sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 4 2
3 6 5
[ kq,i ] = sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 1 2
3 6 5
i =
3 2 1
2 1 3
1 3 2
15. Lenh SUM
a) Cong dung:
Tnh tong cua cac phan t.
b) Cuphap:
s = sum(x)
c) Gi ai thch:
s: l abi en cha k et qua.
x: l aten ma tran.
Neu x l ama tran th s l atong cua cac cot.
d) V du:
a = 2 8 5 6 -3 9
s = sum(a)
s = 27
b =
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
s = sum(b)
s = 6 7 3
X. TAP LENH OHOA
1. Lenh AXES
a) Cong dung:
at cac truc toa otai vtr nh trc.
b) Cuphap:
axes( propertyname , propertyval ue )
c) Gi ai thch:
Tng ng vi mot propertyname i kem vi 1 propertyval ue.
1. posi ti on ,[ l ef t, bottom, wi dth, hei ght] : nh vtr vak ch thc cua truc.
l ef t: khoang cach tmep trai ca soen truc ng.
bottom: khoang cach tmep di ca soen truc ngang.
wi dth: chi eu dai cua truc ngang.
hei ght: chi eu cao truc ng.
Ghi chu:
Luon l ay i em [ 0, 0] l am goc toa o.
Truc ngang vatruc ng cogi atrtrong khoang [ 0 1] vachi a theo tyl ethch hp
* / V du:
axes( posi ti on ,[ .1 .1 .8 .6] )
2. xl i m , [ mi n,max] : nh gi atrnhonhat val n nhat tren truc x.
* / V du:
axes( xl i m , [ 2 5] )
3. yl i m , [ mi n,max] : nh gi atrnhonhat val n nhat tren truc y.
* / V du:
axes( yl i m , [ 2 5] )
nh gi atrtren cahai truc
axes( xl i m , [ mi n,max] , yl i m ,[ mi n,max] )
2. Lenh AXI S
a) Cong dung:
Chi a l ai truc toa o.
b) Cuphap:
axi s([ xmi n xmax ymi n ymax] )
axi s([ xmi n xmax ymi n ymax zmi n zmax] )
axi s on
axi s of f
c) Gi ai thch:
xmi n, ymi n, zmi n: l agi atrnhonhat cua cac truc x, y, z.
xmax, ymax, zmax: l agi at rl n nhat cua cac truc x, y, z.
on: cho hi en thtruc toa o.
of f : khong cho hi en thtruc toa o.
3. Lenh BAR
a) Cong dung:
Veothdang cot.
b) Cuphap:
bar(x,y)
c) Gi ai thch:
Vegi atrx theo gi atry.
d) V du:
x = -pi :0.2:pi ;
bar(x,si n(x));
gri d on
ti tl e( Do thi ham si n(x) dang thanh )
xl abel ( truc x (rad) )
yl abel ( y = si n(x) )
4. Lenh CLA
a) Cong dung:
Xoa tat cacac oi tng nh: ng oth, ten othnhng khong xoa truc toa o.
b) Cuphap:
cl a
5. Lenh CLF
a) Cong dung:
Xoa hnh anh (oth) hi en tai .
b) Cuphap:
cl f
6. Lenh CLOSE
a) Cong dung:
ong hnh anh ( oth) hi en tai .
b) Cuphap:
cl ose
7. Lenh COLORMAP
a) Cong dung:
Tao mau sac cho othtrong khong gi an 3 chi eu.
b) Cuphap:
col ormap(map)
col ormap( def aul t )
c) Gi ai thch:
Col ormap l astron l an cua 3 mau c ban: red, green, bl ue. Tuy theo tyl ecua 3 mau c
ban macho ra cac mau sac khac nhau.
def aul t : mau coc l amau mac nh.
map: bi en cha cac thong sosau:
Map mau coc
Bone gray + bl ue
Cool cyan + magenta
Fl ag red + whi te + bl ue + bl ack
Gray gray
Hot bl ack + red + yel l ow + whi te
Pi nk pi nk
8. Lenh FI GURE
a) Cong dung:
Tao mi hnh anh (oth).
b) Cuphap:
f i gure
9. Lenh GCA
a) Cong dung:
Tao cac ac tnh cho truc.
b) Cuphap:
h = gca
c) Gi ai thch:
h: l abi en gan cho l enh cga.
Cac ac tnh cua truc gom co:
Cuphap Gi ai thch
Set(gca, XScal e , l og ,
Yscal e , l i near )
nh n vtren truc toa o: truc x co
n vl al og vatruc y con vtuyen
tnh.
Set(gca, Xgri d , on , YGri d',
nomal )
Tao l i cho oth: truc x cotao l i
vatruc y khong tao l i .
Set(gca, XDi r', reverse ,
YDi r , normal )
oi truc toa o: oi truc x vepha oi
di en, truc y gi nguyen.
Set(gca, XCol or', red ,
Ycol or , yel l ow )
at mau cho l i oth: at l i truc x
mau o, l i truc y mau vang.
Gom cocac mau: yel l ow, magenta,
cyan, red, green, bl ue, whi te, bl ack.
10. Lenh GRI D
a) Cong dung:
Tao l i toa o.
b) Cuphap:
gri d on
gri d of f
c) Gi ai thch:
on: hi en thl i toa o.
of f : khong hi en thl i toa o.
11. Lenh PLOT
a) Cong dung:
Veothtuyen tnh trong khong gi an 2 chi eu.
b) Cuphap:
pl ot(x,y)
pl ot(x,y, l i netype )
c) Gi ai thch:
x,y: vegi atrx theo gi atry.
l i netype: ki eu phan ttao nen net vebao gom 3 thanh phan:
- Thanh phan thnhat l acac kytchmau sac:
Kyt Mau
y Vang
m oti
c L
r o
g Luc
b Lam
w Trang
k en
- Thanh phan thhai l acac kytchnet vecua oth:
Kyt Loai net ve
- ng l i en net
: ng cham cham
-
.
ng gach cham
-- ng net t oan
- Thanh phan thba l acac kytchl oai i em anh dau gom:., o, x, +, *
d) V du:
Veothham y = si n(x) vi othmau l am, ng l i en net vaanh dau cac i em c
chon bang dau * , truc x thay oi t 0 ti 2 , moi bc thay oi l a /8
x = 0:pi /8:2* pi ;
y = si n(x);
pl ot(x,y, b-
*
)
yl abel ( y = si n(x) )
xl abel ( Truc x )
ti tl e( Do thi ham y = si n(x) )
gri d on
12. Lenh SUBPLOT
a) Cong dung:
Tao cac truc trong mot phan cua ca soohoa.
b) Cuphap:
subpl ot(m,n,p)
subpl ot(mnp)
c) Gi ai thch:
subpl ot(m,n,p) hoac subpl ot(mnp)thanh ca soohoa thanh m n vung evenhi eu oth
tren cung mot ca so.
m: sohang c chi a.
n: socot c chi a
p: sothtvung chon eveoth.
Neu khai bao p > m n th sexuat hi en mot thong bao l oi .
d) V du:
Chi a ca soohoa thanh 2 3 vung vahi en thtruc cua ca6 vung.
subpl ot(231)
subpl ot(232)
subpl ot(233)
subpl ot(234)
subpl ot(235)
subpl ot(236)
13. Lenh SEMI LOGX, SEMI LOGY
a) Cong dung:
Veoththeo l ogari th.
b) Cuphap:
semyl ogx(x,y)
semyl ogx(x,y, l i netype )
semyl ogy(x,y)
semyl ogy(x,y, l i netype )
c) Gi ai thch:
semyl ogx vasemyl ogy gi ong nh l enh pl ot nhng chkhac mot i eu l al enh nay veoth
theo truc l ogari th. Do o, ta cothesdung tat cacac l oai l i netype cua l enh pl ot.
d) V du:
Veothham y = x
2
3x + 2 theo truc l ogari th cua x.
x = 0:100;
y = x.^2-3* x+2;
semyl ogx(x,y, b )
gri d on
14. Lenh POLAR
a) Cong dung:
Veothtrong hetruc toa occ.
b) Cuphap:
pol ar(theta,rno)
c) Gi ai thch:
d) V du:
t = -pi :0.01:pi ;
pol ar(t, si n(t))
15. Lenh SET
a) Cong dung:
Thi et l ap cac ac tnh chat cho oi tng nao o.
b) Cuphap:
set(h, propertyname , propertyval ue,)
c) Gi ai thch:
h: bi en cha oi tng.
PropertyName vaPropertyVal ue c cho trong bang sau:
Cuphap PropertyName PropertyVal ue Gi ai thch
Set(h, Marker , + ) Marker -, --, :, -
. , o, , +, *
Chon ki eu phan t
Set(h, Li neWi dth ,1) Li neWi dth 1, 2, 3, oday net ve
Set(h, MarkerSi ze ,9) MarkerSi ze 1, 2, 3, Kch thc cac i em tao
nen h
Set(h, col or , cyan ) Col or yel l ow,magenta,
red,green,bl ue,
cyan,whi te,bl ack
Chon mau cho oi tng h
d) V du:
a = [ 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 4 5 6] ;
h = pl ot(a)
set(h, col or , bl ack )
16. Lenh STAI RS
a) Cong dung:
Veothdang bac thang.
b) Cuphap:
stai rs(x,y)
c) Gi ai thch:
d) V du:
x = -pi :0.2:pi ;
stai rs(x,si n(x))
xl abeL( Truc x )
yl abel ( y = stai rs(x,si n(x) )
gri d on
17. Lenh TI TLE
a) Cong dung:
at ti eu echo oth.
b) Cuphap:
ti tl e( text )
c) Gi ai thch:
text: ten ti eu e.
18. Lenh XLABEL, YLABEL, ZLABEL
a) Cong dung:
at ten cho truc X, Y, Z.
b) Cuphap:
xl abel ( nx )
yl abel ( ny )
zl abel ( nz )
c) Gi ai thch:
nx, ny, nz: ten truc x, y, z
19. Lenh WHI TEBG
a) Cong dung:
Thay oi mau nen cua ca soohoa.
b) Cuphap:
whi tebg
whi tebg( col or )
c) Gi ai thch:
whi tebg chuyen oi qua l ai mau nen ca soohoa gi a trang vaen.
whi tebg( col or ) chuyen mau nen ca soohoa thanh mau cua bi en col or.
col or cothel acac mau: yel l ow (vang), magenta (oti ), cyan (l ), red (o), green (l uc),
bl ue (l am), whi te (trang), bl ack (en).
BT3c: c vi et trong BT3c.m. Bai tap nay tong hp tcac sach The St udent Edition of
MATLAB , The MATLAB 5. Handboox , ng dung MATLAB t r ong ieu khien t
ong
%BT3c: VE QUA DIA CAU
[x,y]=meshgrid(-3:0.1:3);
z=peaks(x,y);
meshc(x,y,z)
pause
k=5;
n=2^k-1;
[x,y,z]=sphere(n);
c=hadamard(2^k);
surf(x,y,z,c);
colormap([1 1 0;0 1 1])
pause
t=0:pi/10:2*pi;
[x,y,z]=cylinder(2+cos(t));
surf(x,y,z)
pause
[x,y,z]=cylinder(1:10);
surfnorm(x,y,z)
pause
[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2,-2:.2:2,-2:.2:2);
v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);
slice(v,[5 15 21],21,[1 10],21)
pause
[X,Y]=meshgrid(-3:.5:3);
Z=peaks(X,Y);
[XI,YI]=meshgrid(-3:.25:3);
ZI=interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI);
mesh(X,Y,Z), hold, mesh(XI,YI,ZI+15)
hold off
axis([-3 3 -3 3 -5 20])
pause
syms x y
ezsurf(real(atan(x+i*y)))
[x,y]=meshdom(-12:.6:12,-12:.6:12);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
z=bessel(0,r);
m=[-45 60];
mesh(z,m)
Khi chay chng trnh ta l al t coket qua:
Cung l aham bessel nhng ta khao sat ri eng 1 bai :
%hm bessel
[x,y]=meshdom(-12:.6:12,-12:.6:12);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
z=bessel(0,r);
m=[-45 60];
mesh(z,m)

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2-Khao Sat Nhom Lenh Co Ban

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ng dung MATLAB t r ong ieu khien t ong

TAP LENH C BAN CUA MATLAB

V. TAP LENH XLYCHUOI

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