TNH HOC LU CHAT

CHNG 2
TNH HOC LU CHAT
I. HAI TNH CHAT CUA AP SUAT THUY TNH
1. p A va hng vao A. (suy ra t nh ngha).
2. Gia tr p tai mot iem khong phu thuoc vao hng at cua be mat tac dung.
p
n
n
z
Xem phan t lu chat nh mot t dien vuong goc at tai goc toa o nh hnh ve:
Cac lc len phan t lu chat:
Lc mat : p
x
yz; p
y
xz; p
z
yx; p
n
ys.
Lc khoi: Fxyz.
Tong cac lc tren phng x phai bang khong:
p
x
p
n
p
z
z
x
y
s

n
x
y
Tong cac lc tren phng x phai bang khong:
p
x
yz - p
n
ys(z/s) + F
x
xyz = 0
Chia tat ca cho yz :
p
x
- p
n
+ F
x
x = 0 p
x
= p
n
khi x 0.
Chng minh tng t cho cac phng khac
p
x
=p
y
= p
z
= p
n
Suy ra:
II. PHNG TRNH VI PHAN C BAN
W
A
p
n
Xet lu chat trang thai can bang co the tch W gii han bi dien tch A.
Ta co tong cac lc tac dung len lu chat =0:
Lc khoi + lc mat = 0:
0 dA p dw F
A w
=

Ta xet tren truc x:
n p (
) n p (
) n p (
0 dw ) n . p ( div dw F 0 dA p dw F
W
x
w
x
Gauss . d . b
A
x
w
x
| |

= =

0
x
) p (
F 0
x
) n p (
F
0
z
n p (
y
) n p (
x
) n p (
F
x
p p p p
xx x
x
xz z
xy y
xx x
x
z y x
=

=
|
|

\
|

= = =
Xet tng t cho cac truc khac
0 ) p ( grad
1
F =

0 dw ) p ( grad dw F 0 dA p dw F
W w A w
= =

Ket luan:
III. TCH PHAN PHNG TRNH VI PHAN C BAN
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
=

+ + +

dp ) dz F dy F dx F (
dz
z
p
F
dy
y
p
F
dx
x
p
F
z y x
z
y
x
p
a
p
A
Chat long nam trong trng trong lc: F
x
, F
y
=0, F
z
=-g:
z
A
p
A
p
B
h
AB
chuan 0
z
B
) 1 (
p
z
p
z const
p
z : hay
const
p
gz dp
1
gdz
B
B
A
A
const

+ =

+ =

+
=

=
=
Chat long nam trong trng trong lc: F
x
, F
y
=0, F
z
=-g:
hay: p
B
= p
A
+h
AB
hay p = p
a
+h
(2)
(1), (2) la phng trnh thuy tnh
Chat kh nam trong trng trong lc, nen c:
dp
p
RT
gdz dp
1
gdz =

=
Xem nh chat kh la kh ly tng:
RT
p
hay R
T
pV
=

=
Neu biet c ham phan bo nhiet o theo o cao, v du: T=T
0
az; a>0,
T
0
la nhiet o ng vi o cao z=0 (thong thng la mc nc bien yen lang):
) C ln( ) az T ln(
aR
g
p ln
) az T ( R
dz
g
p
dp
dp
p
) az T ( R
gdz + =

=
0
0
aR
g
) az T ( C p
aR ) az T ( R p p
=

0
0
0
Goi p
0
la ap suat ng vi z=0:
aR
g
aR
g
T
p
C CT p
0
0
0 0
= =
aR
g
T
az T
p p
|
|

\
|

=
0
0
0
Phng trnh kh tnh:
V du 1:
Giai:
Ap suat tuyet oi tai mat bien yen lang la 760mmHg, tng ng vi
nhiet o T=288
0
K. Nhiet o tang kh quye n giam 6,5 o K khi len cao
1000m cho e n luc nhiet o at 216,5 o K th gi kho ng oi. Xac nh
ap suat va khoi lng rie ng cua khong kh o cao 14500m. Cho
R=287 J/kg.
0
K
T
0
la nhiet o ng vi o cao z=0 (mat bien yen lang):
Ta tm ham phan bo nhiet o theo o cao: T=T
0
az; vi a=0, 0065
Cao o ng vi nhiet o T
1
=216,5 o K la z
1
= 11000m
0.1695mHg =
|

\
|
=
|
|

\
|

=
|
|

\
|

=
1
287 * 0065 . 0
81 . 9
aR
g
0
1 0
0 1
aR
g
0
0
0
p
5 , 216
11000 * 0065 . 0 5 , 216
76 . 0
T
az T
p p
T
az T
p p
Suy ra: 216,5=288 0,0065z
1
Nh vay t z
0
=0 en z
1
=11000m, ap suat bien thien theo phng trnh kh tnh:
3
3
1
1
1
kg/m 0.364
5 . 216 * 287
10 * 81 . 9 * 6 . 13 * 1695 . 0
RT
p
RT

p
= = = =
T:
T z
1
=11000 m en z
2
=14500m, nhiet o khong oi nen:
z g
RT
g
RT
1 1 1
e Cp Cp ln ) C ln( p ln
g
RT
z
p
dp
g
RT
dz dp
p
RT
gdz
1 1
=
|
|

\
|
= + = = =

Tai o cao z
1
ta co ap suat bang p
1
; suy ra:
( )
1
1
1
1
RT
g
) z z (
1
g
RT
z
e p p
p
e
C

= =
( )
g
1
p
Nh vay tai o cao z
2
=14500m ta tnh c:
97.52mmHg mHg 9752 0 . 0
e * 17 . 0 e p p
5 . 216 * 278
81 . 9
) 14500 11000 (
RT
g
) z z (
1 2
1
2 1
= =
= =

3
1
1 2
2
m / kg 209 . 0
p
p
= = va:
IV. MAT ANG AP, P
TUYET OI
, P
D
, P
CHAN KHONG
Mat ang ap cua chat lo ng nam trong trng trong lc la mat phang nam
ngang
Phng trnh mat ang ap: F
x
dx + F
y
dy + F
z
dz=0
Ap suat d : p
d
= p
t
- p
a
Neu tai mot iem co p
d
< 0 th tai o co ap suat chan khong p
ck
p
ck
= -p
d
= p
a
p
t
p trong phng trnh thuy tnh la ap suat tuyet oi pt hoac ap suat d p trong phng trnh thuy tnh la ap suat tuyet oi pt
.
hoac ap suat d
Cc im nao (?) c p sut bng nhau;
trong oan ong 2-5-6 cha chat kh hay
chat long ?
5
6
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 1 3 4
0
V. NG DUNG
p=0, chan khong tuyet oi
h
t
A
A
B
h
d
A
A
p
a
B
h
ck
A
A
p
a
B
1. Cac ap ke:
td
B A
h p p + =
du du
B
du
A
du
h h p p = + =
ck
A
ck ck
B
du
A
du
h p h p p = =
2. nh luat bnh thong nhau:
p
A
=p
A
+
2
h
2
; p
B
=p
B
+
1
h
1

1
h
1
=
2
h
2
Suy ra
T p.tr thuy tnh:
h
1

1

2
h
2
A
A

B
A

Tai mo t v tr nao o trong lu cha t nep ap

suat tang len mot a i lng p th a i lng
nay se c truyen i trong toa n mien lu chat
ng dung trong may nen thuy lc.
3. nh luat Pascal:
f
p=f/a
F=pA
Pascal 1623-1662 , Phap
4. Bieu o phan bo ap suat chieu sau:
p
a
h
p
a
+ h
p
a
h
p
d
= h
p
a
h
p
d
/ =h
p
ck
h
p
ck
/
p
ck
h
p
ck
p
ck
h
p
ck
/
p
d
=0, p
t
=p
a
h
1
=p
ck/

p
ck
/ -h
p
ck
- h
p
d
/ =h-h
1
5 . Phan bo ap suat tren mot mat cong:
h
p/ =h
p/ =h
6 . Ap ke vi sai:

1
h
1
=
2
h
2
Ban au th p
1
=p
2
=p
a
:
Khi ap suat ong ben trai tang len p: p
1
=p
a
+p; p
2
=p
a
0
h

1

2
h
1
h
2
p
a
p
a
+ p
p
a
A
B
C
z
AB 1 BC 2 a
AB 1 BC 2 C AB 1 B A a
h h p
h h p h p p p p
+ =
+ = = = +
) z h h ( ) z h h ( h h p + = =
0
) z h h ( ) z h h ( h h p
1 1 2 2 AB 1 BC 2
+ = =
) ( z ) ( h p
2 1 2 1
+ + =
Goi A, a lan lt la dien tch ngang ong ln va ong nho:
A
ah
z z . A h . a = =
) (
A
ah
) ( h p
2 1 2 1
+ + =
VI. LC TAC DUNG LEN THANH PHANG
p
a
O(x)
y

C
h
D
y
dA
D
y
D
F
h
C
h
Tam ap
Gia tr lc
A p A h A y sin ydA sin
dA sin y hdA dA p F
du
C C C
A
A A A
du du
= = = =
= = =

iem at lc
xx
A A A
D
I sin dA y sin dA y sin y ydF F y = = = =

2
A p F
du
C
du
=
C
x
y
C
y
I
xx
=I
c
+y
C
2
A
I
xy
=I
xy
+x
C
y
C
A
I
c
Tam ap
lc
Tng t :
A y
I
x x
c
' y ' x
C D
+ =
Suy ra:
A y
A y I
A y
I
F
I sin
y
C
2
C C
C
xx xx
D
+ ++ +
= == = = == =

= == =
A y
I
y y
C
C
C D
+ =
A y
A y x I
A y
I
F
I sin
x
C
C C ' y ' x
C
xy xy
D
+ ++ +
= == = = == =

= == =
I
c
: M. q tnh cua A so vi truc //0x va qua C
I
xy
: M. q tnh cua A so vi trong tam C
Lc tac dung len thanh phang ch nhat ay nam ngang:
2
h h
p
B A
C
+
=
b ) AB (
2
h h
Ap F
B A
C
+
= =
A
h
A
h
B

h
A
h
B D
C
*
F
F=b
at: =(h
A
+h
B
).(AB)/2
Suy ra:
BD=[(h
B
+2h
A
)/(h
B
+h
A
)].(AB)/3
B
D
O(y)
x
A
x
Mat
cong A
dA
z
dA
h
p
a
(n,ox)
dF
x
A
z
2 2 2
z y x
F F F F + + =
x cx
Ax
x
A
x
A A
x x
A p hdA hdA
) ox , n cos( pdA dF F
= = =
= =


Thanh phan lc theo phng x
VII. LC TAC DUNG LEN THANH CONG N GIAN
z
dA
dA
x
n
(n,ox)
dF
x
Ax A
Thanh phan lc theo phng z
W hdA
) oz , n cos( hdA dF F
A
z
A A
z z
= =
= =

W: the tch vat ap lc: la the tch cua vat thang ng gii han bi mat cong A va
hnh chieu thang ng cua A len mat thoang t do (A
z
)
p
a
Cac v du ve vat ap lc W:
w
p
a
w
p
d
p
d
/
F
z
w
p
ck
p
a
p
ck
/
F
z
p
a
w
p
ck
F
p
ck
p
ck
/
F
P
du
w
F
z
P
a
P
ck
w
F
z
P
a
P
ck
P
a
w
F
z
F
z
p
a
p
ck
/
w
F
z
p
a
p
ck
/
w
1
w
2
F
z1
F
z2
p
d
p
a
F
p
d
p
a
F
F
z
W
1
: phan cheo lien net
F
z1
hng len.
W
2
: phan cheo cham cham
F
z2
hng xuong.
W=W
1
-W
2
F
z
hng xuong
F
z
W
1
: phan cheo lien net
F
z1
hng xuong.
W
2
: phan cheo cham
cham
F
z2
hng len.
W=W
1
-W
2
F
z
hng len
W
W
1
Ar
Lc ay Archimede:
W W W Ar
1 2
= =
W
2
(phan gach cheo)
Archimede 287-212 BC
G Ar =
Vat noi
G
A
Ar
Ar
VIII. S CAN BANG CUA MOT VAT TRONG LU CHAT
Vat chm l lng
C
D
Ar
G
D
C
G
Ar
D
C
on nh khong on nh
Phiem nh
Ar
G
W
I
MD
yy
=
yy
D
Ar
C
on nh: MD>CD
M cao hn C
D
Ar
M
C
G
D
C
G
Ar
M
khong on nh:MD<CD
M thap hn C
M: Tam nh khuynh.
I
yy
: Moment quan tnh cua dien tch mat noi A so vi truc quay yy.
W: the tch nc b vat chiem cho
VIII. NG DUNG
V du 2: Tnh z, p
a
=76cmHg,
nb
=11200 N/m
3;

Hg
=133000
N/m
3
Ta co: p
A
= p
B
+
Hg
h
AB
=0.84
Hg
+
Hg
h
AB
=
Hg
(0.84+0.8)=1.64
Hg
Mat khac: p
A
p
a
=
nb
.(z+0.4)
p
a
z
40cm
p
t
=0
B
Suy ra: (z+0.4)=(p
A
p
a
)/
nb
=(1.64
Hg
- 0.76
Hg
)/
nb
=0.88(
Hg
/
nb
)
=0.88.133000/11200=10.45m
Suy ra z = 10.05 m
40cm
40cm
Hg
84cm
A
B
V du 3:
Bnh ay vuo ng canh a=2m. o vao bnh hai chat
long khac nhau,
1
=0,8
;

2
=1,1. V
1
=6m
3
; V
2
=5m
3.
Tm p
B

1
=
1

n
=0.8*9.81*10
^3
N/m
3

2
=
2

n
=1.1*9.81*10
^3
N/m
3
Giai:
Goi h la be day cua lp chat long 2: h =(5/4)m.

1

2
B
h2
h1
A
p
a
Goi h
2
la be day cua lp chat long 2: h
2
=(5/4)m.
Goi h
1
la be day cua lp chat long 1: h
1
=(6/4)m.
Ta co h
AB
= h
2
h = 0.25m
Suy ra: p
B
=p
A
+
2
*h
AB
= p
A
+
2
*(0.25)
Suy ra: p
B
= p
a
+
1
*h
1
+
2
*(0.25)
a=2m
B
h=1m
h2
Suy ra: p
du
B
= 0+
1
*(1.5) +
2
*(0.25)=9.81*10
3
(0.8*1.5+1.1*0.25)=14.5 m nc
Th nghim: Ottovon Guericke (8.5.1654) ti Maydeburg, c
Dng 2 bn cu D = 37 cm, bt kn v ht kh p sut tuyt i trong
qa cu bng khng .
Cho 2 n nga ko vn khng tch bn cu ra c. Vy phi cn 1 lc
bng bao nhiu tch hai bn cu ra (xem lc dnh gia 2 bn cu khng
ng k)
D
F =?
F =?
Chn khng p(tuyt i) = 0
V du 4:
Van phang AB hnh ch nhat cao 1,5m, rong 2m, quay quanh truc A
nam ngang nh hnh ve . Tnh ap lc nc tac du ng le n van . Tnh lc F
(xem hnh ve) e gi van ng yen
Giai:
4.294m
2 * 5 . 1 * 25 . 4
12
5 . 1 * 2
25 . 4
A y
I
y y
3
C
C
C D
= + = + =
KN 125.0775
2 * 5 , 1 * ) 2 / 5 , 1 5 ( * 10 * 81 . 9 A h A p F
3
C
du
C
du
n
=
= = =
Gia tr lc:
V tr iem at lc D:
A
y
C
=h
C
O
y
D
p
a
2 * 5 . 1 * 25 . 4 A y
C
F?
5m
1,5m
A
B
C
D
F
n
C*
y
y
D
0.706m 4.294m 5 DB = =
Tnh cach khac:
0.706m
3
5 . 1
5 . 3 5
5 . 3 * 2 5
3
AB
.
h h
h 2 h
DB
A B
A B
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
e tnh lc F gi van yen, ta can bang moment: F
n
(AD)=F(AB)
Suy ra: F=F
n
(AD)/(AB)=125.07*(1.5-0.706)/(1.5) = 66.22 KN
V du 5:
Van phang ABE hnh tam giac eu co the quay quanh truc A nam ngang
nh hnh ve . Tnh ap lc n c tac du ng le n van va v tr iem ac lc D .
Tnh lc F ngang (xem hnh ve) e gi van ng yen
Giai:
h
C
= 3+2/3 = 3.666m
m 31 . 2
3
4
2
3
2
) sin(60
2
AB
0
= = = =
AB chnh la chieu cao cua tam giac eu,
Canh ay AE cua tam giac: AE=2*AB/tg(60
0
)=2.667m
A
E
p
a
3m
2m
C
C
h
C
A
D
O
Dien tch A cua tam giac: A=(AE)*(AB)/2=3.079 m
2
Ap lc: F
n
du
= h
C
A=9.81*3.666*3.079 = 110,76 KN
Toa o y
C
= OC= h
C
/sin(60
0
) = 4.234m
4.304m
079 . 3 * 234 . 4
36
31 . 2 * 667 . 2
234 . 4
A y
36
h * b
y
A y
I
y y OD
3
C
3
C
C
C
C D
= + = + = + = =
F
n
(AD)=F(2)
Suy ra: F=F
n
(AD)/(2)=110.76*(OD-OA)/2 = 110.76*(4.304-3.464)/2 =46.507 KN
B
2m
=60
0
B
D
y
F
F
n
E
A
P
0
du
= 0,1at
3m
C
h
C
A
O
1m
p
a
V du 6:
Van phang ABE hnh tam giac e u co the quay quanh truc A nam
ngang nh hnh ve . Tnh ap lc nc tac du ng le n van va v tr iem ac
lc D . Tnh lc F ngang (xem hnh ve) e gi van ng yen
Giai:
h
C
= 1+ 3+2/3 = 4.666m
m 31 . 2
3
4
2
3
2
) sin(60
2
AB
0
= = = =
AB chnh la chieu cao cua tam giac eu,
Canh ay AE cua tam giac: AE=2*AB/tg(60
0
)=2.667m
B
2m
=60
0
C
D
y
F
F
n
B
Dien tch A cua tam giac: A=(AE)*(AB)/2=3.079 m
2
Ap lc: F
n
du
= h
C
A=9.81*4.666*3.079 = 140,97 KN
Toa o y
C
= OC= h
C
/sin(60
0
) = 5.389m
5.444m
079 . 3 * 389 . 5
36
31 . 2 * 667 . 2
389 . 5
A y
36
h * b
y
A y
I
y y OD
3
C
3
C
C
C
C D
= + = + = + = =
F
n
(AD)=F(2)
Suy ra: F=F
n
(AD)/(2)=140.97*(OD-OA)/2 = 140.97*(5.444 4.619)/2 =58.133 KN
Ghi chu: OA=4/sin(60
0
)
A
P
0
ck
= 0,6at
3m
C
A
D
V du 7:
Van phang ABE hnh tam giac e u co the quay quanh truc A na m
ngang nh hnh ve . Tnh a p lc nc tac dung len van va v tr iem
ac lc D . Tnh lc F ngang (xem hnh ve) e gi van ng yen
Giai:
p
C
= - h
C
= -9.81*10
3
*(1+ 2-2/3) = -9.81*10
3
* 2.333 N/m
2
Ap lc: F
n
du
=- h
C
A=-9.81*2.333*3.079
AB =2.31 m
AE= 2.667m
A=3.079 m2
B
2m
=60
0
C
h
C
D
y
O
F
F
n
1m p
a
B
n C
= -70.483 KN
Toa o y
C
= - OC= h
C
/sin(60
0
) = -2.694 m
m 804 . 2 -
079 . 3 * 694 . 2
36
31 . 2 * 667 . 2
694 . 2
A y
36
h * b
y
A y
I
y y OD
3
C
3
C
C
C
C D
=

+ = + = + = =
F
n
(AD)=F(2)
Suy ra: F=F
n
(AD)/(2)=140.97*(OA-OD)/2 = 70.483*(3.464 2.804)/2 =23.25 KN
Ghi chu: OA=3/sin(60
0
)
V du 8:
Mot ca van cung co dang hnh tru ban knh R=1,5m; da i
L=3m quay quanh truc na m ngang qua O. Van co khoi lng
6000 kg va tro ng tam at tai G nh hnh ve . Tnh ap lc nc tac
dung len van va v tr iem ac lc D . Xac nh moment can m
van
Giai:
KN 10 . 33 3 * 5 . 1 *
2
5 . 1
* 10 * 81 . 9 A h A p F
3
cx x cx x
= = = =
KN 52 3 *
4
5 . 1 *
* 10 * 81 . 9 L
4
R
W F
2
3
2
z
=

= =
KN 65 . 1 6 52 33.10 F F F
2 2 2 2
= + = + =
0,6m
O
p
a
KN 65 . 1 6 52 33.10 F F F
2 2 2
z
2
x
= + = + =
0
x
z
52 , 57 1.570796
1 . 33
52
F
F
) ( tg = = = =
G 1,5m
nc
0,6m
0,6m
G
F
x
F
z
F

D
Nm 35316 6 . 0 * 6000 * 81 . 9 6 . 0 * G M = = =
O
V du 9:
Mot hnh tru ban knh R=2m; dai L=2m v tr can bang nh
hnh ve . Xac nh trong lng cua phao va phan lc tai A
Giai:
KN 39.24
2 * 2 *
2
2
* 10 * 81 . 9
A h A p F R
3
x cx x cx x A
=
=
= = =
nc
A
R
F
z1
=W
1
p
a
KN 39.24 =
263.3941KN G
) R R
4
3
( * L * 9.81 W - W G
0 F F G
2 2
1 2
2 z 1 z
=
+ = =
= + +
r
nc
F
z2
=W
2
V du 10:
Giai:
KN 44.145
2 * 12 . 2 *
2
12 . 2
* 10 * 81 . 9
A h A p F
3
cx x cx x
=
=
= =
R R
2 2
| |
2.12m 5 . 1 * 2 R 2 AB
2 2
= = =
Mot ca van cung co dang hnh tru ban knh R=1,5m; dai L=2m
quay quanh truc nam ngang qua O nh hnh ve . Tnh a p lc nc tac
dung len van va v tr iem ac lc D .
nc
F
x
R
45
0
45
0
A
C
F
z1
F
z2
p
a
O
KN 12.5989
2 *
2
5 . 1
4
5 . 1 *
* 10 * 81 . 9
L
2
R
4
R
W F
2 2
3
2 2
z
=
|
|

\
|

=
|
|

\
|

= =
KN 45.91 60 . 12 145 . 4 4 F F F
2 2 2
z
2
x
= + = + =
0
x
z
92 . 15 285 . 0
15 . 44
6 . 12
F
F
) ( tg = = = =
F
z
F

B
F
z2
V du 11:
Giai:
Mot khoi hnh hop canh a=0,3m ong chat ty trong 0,6 noi tre n
nc nh hnh ve. Tnh chieu sau ngap nc x cua hnh hop .
G = Ar 0.6*
n
*a
3
=

n
*a
2
*x
x

n
*a
2
*x
x= 0.6*a =0.6*0.3
x = 0.18 m
Mt bnh ba ng sat hnh no n cut khong a y ( =7.8) c u p nh hnh
v. a y ln R=1m, ay nho r=0,5m, cao H=4m, day b=3mm. Tnh
gii hn mc nc x trong bnh e bnh khoi b nhac len.
Giai:
3 / ) Rr r R ( H V
2 2
g noncuttron
+ + =
Trong lng bnh:
3 / )) b r )( b R ( ) b r ( ) b R (( H V
2 2
i noncutngoa
+ + + + + + =
r
b
V du 12:
kgf 96 . 441 057 . 0 * 8 . 7 * 1000 ) V V ( V G
g noncuttron i noncutngoa n n
= = = =
Ta tnh lc F
z
hng len do nc tac dung len bnh:
( ) r R
x
R r
r R x
x
x
=

=
T quan h:
R
H
x
b
W
r
x
Fz
ieu kien: G F
z
Suy ra: 441.96 F
z
Giai ra c x 1.09 m 0 96 . 441 x 7 . 392 x 36 . 16
2 3
+
3 2
2
n
2 2
n
x
2
x
2 2
n n z
x 36 . 16 x 7 . 392 x
H
) r R (
x
H
) r R ( R 3
3
x

)) r R (
H
x
R ( R )) r R (
H
x
R ( R 2
3
x

) Rr r R (
3
x
x R W F
=
(
(

\
|

=
(

=
(

+ = =
( ) r R
H
R r
r R H
x
=

=
T quan h:
a
H
g
g
*

A
B
O
x
z
VIII. TNH HOC TNG OI
1.Nc trong xe chay ti trc nhanh dan eu:
Phan bo ap suat:
0 dp

1
) dz F dy F dx F (
z y x
= + +
vi Fx=-a; Fy=0; Fz=-g
Suy ra:
oi vi hai iem A,B thang ng:
C
p
gz ax dp ) gdz adx ( =

+ + =

0
1
*
a AB A B B
B
A
A
h p p hay h p p gz
p
gz
p
+ = + = +

= +

P.tr Mat ang ap:

C x
g
a
z C gz ax ) gdz adx ( + = = + = 0
2.Nc trong bnh tru quay eu quanh truc thang ng:

2
r
H
H/2
H/2
O
z
r
g

A
B
ay: F
x
=
2
x; F
y
=
2
y; F
z
=-g.
Suy ra:
C
g 2
r

p
z 0 dp

1
) gdz ydy xdx (
2 2
2 2
= + = +
Phan bo ap suat:

oi vi hai iem A,B thang ng:
*
a AB A B
2
B
2
B
B
2
A
2
A
A
h p p hay h p p
g 2
r

p
z
g 2
r

p
z + = + = + = +
P.tr Mat ang ap:
C
g
r
z C
g
r
z ) gdz ydy xdx ( +

= =

= +
2 2
0
2 2 2 2
2 2
W

l
Wg

r
W
2
r

l
W
2
r
F
l

r
<
l
: noi vao
Nguyen ly lang ly tam :
IX. NG DUNG TNH TNG OI
W

r
Wg

r
W
r

l
W r
F
r

r
>
l
: chm ra
Hat dau quay cung trong nc se noi len mat thoang va tam bnh tru.
Hat cat quay cung trong nc se chm xuong va mep day bnh tru.
V du 13:
Mot thu ng hnh tru h cao H = 1,2 m cha nc o sau h
o
=1m va di chuyen
ngang theo phng x vi gia toc a = 4m/s
2
. Biet bnh co ng knh D = 2m.
Tnh ap lc cua nc tac dung len ay bnh trong luc di chuyen vi gia toc tren
Giai
x
g
a
z =
Chon goc toa o la giao iem cua truc bnh va mat thoang , p.tr mat thoang:
Tai x=-D/2:
m 2 . 0 1 2 . 1 h H m 407 . 0 1
81 . 9
4
z
0 2 / D
= = > = =

Tai x=-D/2:
m 2 . 0 1 2 . 1 h H m 407 . 0 1
81 . 9
z
0 2 / D
= = > = =

Vay khi bnh chuyen o ng nc tran ra ngoai. Sau khi

tran ra xong, mat thoang nc phai va cham mep sau
bnh. Gia s luc ay bnh d ng lai, th mc nc trong
bnh con lai la h
1
. Ta co:
m 793 . 0 407 . 0 2 . 1
2
h
H h m 407 . 0 1
81 . 9
4
z
2
h
1 2 / D
= = = = = =

Suy ra lc tac dung len ay bnh luc ay la:

KN 24.42
4
D
h F
2
1
= =
h
1
D
x
H
h
h/
2 O
V du 14:
Mot bnh tru D=100mm cha nc quay tron quanh truc thang ng qua
tam.
Khi mc chat long gia bnh ha tha p xuong 200mm (so vi luc tnh) th bnh
quay vi van toc bao nhie u? Neu quay bnh vi n=800v.ph ma khong muon
ay b can th chieu cao toi thieu cua bnh phai bang bao nhieu?
Giai

2
r
H
0.2
m
0.2
m O
z
r A
Phng trnh mat thoang:
g 2
R
H
g 2
r
z
2 2 2 2
= =
Khi mc nc gia bnh ha xuong 0,2m th H=0,4m.
Suy ra:
r
g

B
Khi mc nc gia bnh ha xuong 0,2m th H=0,4m.
Suy ra:
ph / vong 535 56.03s
) 05 . 0 (
81 . 9 * 2 * 4 . 0

81 . 9 * 2
) 05 . 0 (
4 . 0
1 -
2
2 2
= = = =
Neu quay bnh vi n=800v/ph =83,76 s
-1
ma khong muon ay b can th :
0.896m
81 . 9 * 2
) 05 . 0 ( ) 76 . 83 (
H
2 2
= =
Vay chieu cao toi thieu cua bnh phai la 0.896 m
V du 15:
Mot bnh hnh hop kn (cao b, a y vuo ng canh a) cha nc ay n c
quay tro n quanh truc thang ng qua tam. Biet tai A- tam ay tren
cua bnh la ap suat kh tri. Tnh lc tac dung len mat ben cua bnh
Giai
b
g 2
r
* h
2 2
=
Ta co:
dA
x
y
A
h*
Mat ang ap - p
a
C
Lc tac dung len vi phan dA
x
bang:
bdy
)
4
a
y (
b
dA p dF
2
2 2
x C
|
|
|
|

|
+
+ = =
dA
x
x
0
r
y
a/2
a
bdy
g 2
4
2
dA p dF
x C
|
|
|

\
+ = =
Suy ra:
( )

|
|

\
|
+ + =
(
(

|
|

\
|
+ + =
|
|

\
|
+ + =

8
a
24
a
g 2

4
ab
b 2
2
a
4
a
3
2 / a
g 2

2
a
2
b
b 2
dy )
4
a
y (
g 2

2
b
b 2 F
3 3 2
2
3
2
2 / a
0
2
2
2
(

+ =
g 6
a
2
b
ab F
2 2
V du 16:
Mot he thong gom 3 ong nghiem thang ng ba ng va thong nhau quay
quanh Oz qua ong gia nh hnh ve. Van toc quay n=116 vong/ph. Bo
qua o nghie ng mat nc trong ong. Tm p
C
, p
O
, p
B
trong hai trng
hp nut kn va khong nut C, C,
Giai:
Neu nut kn C,C th khi quay, nc kho ng di chuyen,
nhng ap suat tai C va C se tang len. Phng trnh mat
ang ap ap suat p
C
(chon goc toa o tai ay parabol):
m 0.30
2 . 0 * 12.15
h
r
z
2 2 2 2
= = =
A
C
C
hhhh m 0.30
81 . 9 * 2
2 . 0 * 12.15
h
g 2
r
z = = =
Nh vay ap suat d tai C va C bang nhau va bang:
2951N/m 0.30 * 9810 h p p
2 du
' C
du
C
= = = =

N/m 6875 ) 3 . 0 4 . 0 ( * p
3924N/m 0.40 * 9810 4 . 0 * p
2 du
B
2 du
D
= + =
= = =

D
B
r=0.2m r=0.2m
O
hhhh
40cm
Neu khong nu t C,C th khi quay, nc tai A se ha thap
xuo ng h, va nc tai C va C se dang le n h/2. Phng
trnh mat ang ap ap suat kh tri (chon goc toa o tai
ay parabol):
A C C

D B
O
h
h/2
0.2m h m 0.30
81 . 9 * 2
2 . 0 * 12.15
h
2
3
g 2
r
z
2 2 2 2
= = = =
r=0.2m r=0.2m

D B
2
'
/ 2 9810*0.10 981N/m
du du
C C
p p h = = = =

N/m 4905 ) 1 . 0 4 . 0 ( * p
1967.5N/m 0.2 * 9810 ) 2 . 0 4 . 0 ( * p
2 du
B
2 du
D
= + =
= = =
Mot ong tron ban knh r = 1 m cha nc en na ong nh hnh ve .
Tren mat thoang kh co a p suat d p
o
= 0,5 m nc. Biet nc tra ng
thai tnh. Tnh tong ap lc cu a nc tac du ng len mat cong (BC) tre n
1m dai cua ong
V du 17
r p
o
B
C
Giai:
C
N 9810 1 * ) 5 , 0 5 , 0 ( * 9810 1 . r )
2
r
5 , 0 ( A p F
x cx x
= + = + = =
N 12605.85 1.285 * 9810 1 ). r 5 , 0
4
r
( W F
2
z
= = + = =
N 15973.2 F F F
2
z
2
x
= + =
A

B

A

B

Nc

Mot ong o t trong nh hnh ve co khoi lng M = 0,045kg va tiet
dien ngang cu a ong la = 290mm
2
. Khi bo vao trong nc co t trong

N
= 1 , ong chm en vach A, va khi bo vao trong da u co t trong
D
=
0,9 ong chm en vach B. Tm khoang cach oan AB
Giai:
V du 18
) L W ( W gM G
AB d n
+ = = =
A

Dau

Nc
AB d n
|
|

\
|
= = 1

G
L ;

G
W
d n
AB
n
17.24mm 1000 * 1
9 . 0
1
9810 * 10 * 290
045 . 0 * 81 . 9
L
6
AB
=
|

\
|
=

Giai:
V du 19:
Bnh tru tron cha chat lo ng trong o co tha phao hnh cau. Bnh na y lai
c nhung noi tren mat thoang be cha cung loai chat long. Biet :
Trong lng cua bnh la G
1
; Trong lng cua chat long cha trong bnh
la G
2
;
Ty so cac chieu sau (nh hnh ve) k=z
1
/z
2
; Tm trong lng cua phao
Theo nh lua t Ar.; toan bo he chu tac du ng cua
lc ay Ar, hng le n, bang trong lng cu a khoi
chat long b vat chiem cho.
Trong khi o lc theo phng tha ng ng tac
dung len toan bo he bao gom G+G +G .
G
1
G
z
z
1
dung len toan bo he bao gom G+G
1
+G
2
.
Vay: G + G
1
+ G
2
= Ar = z
1
A
vi A la tiet dien ngang cua bnh.
Xet rieng he gom chat lo ng trong bnh va phao,
ta co trong lng cua phao cung bang trong
lng cua khoi chat long b phao chie m trong
bnh : G = z
2
A -G
2
A = (G+G
2
)/z
2
z
2
z
1
Ar
G
2
Suy ra: G + G
1
+ G
2
= z
1
(G+G
2
)/z
2
= kG+kG
2. 2
1
G
1 k
G
G