Este Quang Duy

ESTE I. Khi nim: R-COO-R; nu R v Rno th este l: CnH2nO2 (n 2)

H 2 SO4 RCOOH + HOR RCOOR + H2O o

Tn gi: Tn thng thng ca este c gi nh sau Tn este = Tn gc hirocacbon ca ancol + tn gc axit ( i ui ic at) CH3C C2H! ety" axetat CH2#CH$C $CH3 %ety" acrylat CH3 & C & 'CH2)4 & C & CH3 i%ety" aipat
C17H35 - Co O - CH2 C17H35 - Co O - CH

Ch. /: $Este V2%iat t*5ng gUng c gi@ng nh anehit+ $Este ca 6hen2" t5c ;Dng BJi ;; Hi3% ; t?2 2 %u@i B7 H2 $Este BIng t5c ;Dng BJi ;; Hi3% chW ch2 %u@i ;uy nhXt+ C+n chM N O tr()ng hPA ancol ,hng bQn: I0. 1i2% ch3: 4. E5te c#a anc-l: %. Th&' hi(n ph n !ng este ho): ,C H . ,- H ,C ,- . H H *. T+ ,u-i v ./n "u0t h%logen '1% hi23o'%'*on ,C Yg . ,-C" ,C ,- . YgC" 6. E5te c#a phen-l: %. T+ h%logenu% %"it v phenol%t. ,C C" . Ea CRH! ,C CRH! . EaC" *.T+ %nhi23it %"it v 345u 'CH3C )2 . H CRH! CH3C CRH! . CH3C H o t xt CH3C H . CHCH CH3C $CH#CH2 6. 7n" ,8n" : !"F >ung Fi R t@ch* chi=t ch#t h?u cG (<t6l ax<tatS* Aha 0Gn (but6l ax<tatS* T SBn xu#t ch#t >Uo : Aoli1in6l ax<tat* AoliF<t6l F<tacr6lat* T !"F ch#t tDo h(Gng trong C8 thVc AhWF* FX AhWF* T 9IPIT I. Khi nim: Li6it "7 nhTng h6 chXt hTu cU c> t*2ng tZ A72 s@ngHhng hIa tan t*2ng nJc- nhng tan t*2ng ;ung %i hTu cU Hhng 6h:n c[c+ ChXt A\2 'ngu]n g@c ^ng B9t- th[c B9t) "7 este ca g"i)e*2" BJi a)it A\2 'a)it hTu cU %^t "_n a)it %?ch th`ng- Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta "Jn)+C5c chXt A\2 c gi chung "7 glix<rit+ T*ieste ca g"i)e*2" BJi a)it A\2- gi chung "7 t*ig"i)e*it hay "7 t*ia)y"g"i)e*2"+
CH 2 C | Cng th1c cXu t?2 chung : CH C | CH 2 C , ,b ,c
H+

t*istea*at II. Tnh cht vt l : !" ch#t l$ng ho%c r&n ' to th()ng* h+u nh( ,hng tan trong n(-c. C/ to0i 1" 2 tan trong n(-c 3 axit ho%c ancol c/ c4ng 5 ho%c c4ng 0 ngu6n t7 C. 8gu6n nh9n : ;o <0t< ,hng c/ lin ,=t hi>ro gi?a c@c Ah9n t7 <0t< 1" ,hB nCng tDo lin ,=t hi>ro 1-i n(-c r#t ,EF. Th()ng c/ F4i thGF %c tr(ng. III. TCHH: a. Ph n !n" th#y ph$n: +Trong >ung >Hch axit : ,C ,- . H H ,C H . ,- H /h0n 1ng the2 chi3u t4 t*5i sang 6h0i "7 AhBn Ing th6 Ah9n <0t<* 6h0n 1ng the2 chi3u t4 6h0i sang t*5i "7 AhBn Ing <0t< h/a. 89y 6h0n 1ng thy 6h:n este t*2ng ;ung ;<ch a)it "7 ph n !n" th%n n"h&ch+
H+

C17H35 - Co O - CH2("i)e*y"

.Trong >ung >Hch baJG : =un n>ng este t*2ng ;ung

;<ch nat*i hi*2)it- 6h0n 1ng t?2 %u@i ca a)it cacA2)y"ic B7 *u+ ThC ;D : ,C ,- . Ea H t ,C Ea . ,- H => "7 AhBn Ing ,hng thuKn nghHch- BG Hhng cIn a)it cacA2)y"ic 6h0n 1ng BJi *u K t?2 "?i este+ /h0n 1ng n7y cIn c gi "7 ph n !ng " ph#ng h$%+ Lu M: $ Nhi 3 A7i ch2 t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H the2 tG "O P:P h2Qc P:2 thG este c> CTCT: ,C CRH!+ $ S7 6hIng h>a este hTu cU ch2 3 %u@i B5 Panc2" thG > "7 este ca a)it hTu cU BJi g"i)e*2"+ '. Ph n !n" (h): !iLlH 4 ,$C $,- ,$CH2 H . ,- H+ c. Ph n !n" * "+c hi,r-cac'-n 8i -t F CH2#C'CH3)C CH3 . H2 CH3$CH'CH3)C CH3
F

T*2ng > ,- ,d- ,e "7 g@c hi;*2cacA2n ca c5c a)it A\2 c> thK gi@ng h2Qc gi@ng nhau+ Eh : Y)it 6an%itic: CP!H3PC H Y)it stea*ic: CPfH3!C H Y)it 2"eic: CPfH33C H Y)it "in2"eic: CPfH3PC H Thng gQ6 c5c g"i)e*it 6ha t?6+ YZ >[:

Este Quang Duy

C15H31 - Co O -CH2 C17H33 - Co O - CH C17H35 - Co O - CH2

II. Tnh cht vt l/ : ChXt "gng ';_u th[c B9t)- chXt *hn '%i ^ng B9t)nhj hUn nJc- Hhng tan t*2ng nJc- tan nhi3u t*2ng c5c ;ung %i hTu cU- nhiOt ^ si thX6 'BG Hhng c> "in HZt Hy*2)+ III. TCHH: 4. Ph n !n" th#y ph$n: 7 T3ong ,8i t349ng n4:' ho;' %"it =K thuk 6h:n chXt A\2 6h0i un n>ng t*2ng nJc i 56 suXt ca2 '2!at%) K ?t Zn nhiOt ^ ca2 '22F2C):
R1 - Co O - CH2 R2 - Co O - CH R3 - Co O - CH2 +3H2O CH2 - OH CH - OH CH2 - OH + R1 - Co OH R2 - Co OH R3 - Co OH

2. ?h n !ng '@ng hi23o :'s[ hi*2 h25) AiZn g"i)e*it cha n2 ';_u) th7nh g"i)e*it n2 '%o)+ YZ >[: 'CPfH33C )3C3H! . 3H2 -t )3C3H! 8i 'CPfH3!C :;t 5+ "+c Hi,r-cac'-n 'CH3)2CH$ 'ps26*26y")- 'CH3)2CH2$CH$ ' ps2Auty") CH3$CH2$CH'CH3)$ ' qec$Auty")- 'CH3)3$C$ 'Te*t$Auty")CRH!$ 6heny"- CRH!$CH2$ rensy"- CH2# CH$ 8iny"
F

t3igli"e3it gli"e3ol %"it *<o C> thK ;lng a)it B cU 'a)it sunVu*ic "2mng) K tnng t@c ^ 6h0n 1ng thuk 6h:n+ Y)it A\2 Hhng tan t*2ng nJc- c t5ch *a+ 7T3ong ,8i t349ng =i>, (ph n !ng " ph#ng ho)): EXu chXt A\2 BJi Hi3% :

R1 - Co O - CH2 R2 - Co O - CH +3NaOH R3 - Co O - CH2 t0

CH2 - OH

R1 - Co ONa

CH - OH + R2 - Co ONa CH2 - OH R3 - Co ONa

triglix<rit glix<rol x" Ah\ng ]" Ah\ng: H^n hPA Fui natri(,aliS ca c@c axit bEo (Pc g_i l" x" Ah\ng. Th"nh Ah+n ch 6=u ca x" Ah\ng l": C`OHa`COO8a 1" C`bHaOCOO8a. Ch#t tW6 r7a tng hPA: l" nh?ng ch#t c/ t@c >[ng gi%t* r7a F" ,hng AhBi Fui 8atri ca axit cacbox6lic. c/ l" c@c natri an,6l0undat ROSOa8a. eu iRF ni bKc ca ch#t tW6 r7a tng hPA l" 1fn gi? (Pc t@c >[ng tW6 r7a trong n(-c cIng.

ABngC.T, CT?TDCTCT '1% este . $ q0n 6ht% 6 t?2 %u@i B7 anc2": ,C ,d . Ea H u ,C Ea . ,d H+ $ T*Jc Hhi BiZt 6h0n 1ng )7 6hIng h>a c_n )5c <nh este > t?2 *a t4 a)Ct Un ch1c hay a ch1c- *u Un ch1c hay a ch1c+ $ Thng thng- vua 6h0n 1ng )7 6hIng h>a- tG% c5ch )5c <nh Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta ca %u@i h2Qc *u t?2 th7nh K suy *a g@c hi*2cacA2n ca a)it B7 *u t*2ng este+ $ S5c <nh s@ ch1c este ;[a B72 tW "O nE : nEa H+ 6E .F: nE : nEa H # P : 3 #w E "7 este 3 ch1c+ T, '8ng th!' phGn tH '1% este .&% t3n ph n !ng 2-t 'h)I. $ =@t ch5y %^t este ch2 nC 2 # nH2 thG este > "7 este n2 Un ch1c c> cng th1c txng vu5t CnH2n 2+ $ Nhi 3 A7i ch2 @t ch5y %^t este Hhng n2 'c> %^t n@i i) Un ch1c CnH2n $ 2 2 thG : neste # nC 2 $ n H2 + ABng 2. Hi(u su0t ph n !ng. neste thuc tb PFFy HiOu suXt 6h0n 1ng: H # neste "C thuybt T*2ng > : neste "C thuyZt c tCnh Hhi gi0 sa *zng %^t t*2ng hai chXt tha% gia 6h0n 1ng 'a)it- *u) 6h0n 1ng h27n t27n+ ABng J.K)' 2Lnh 'hM s- %"EtD 'hM s- " ph#ng h$%. ChW s@ a)it : "7 s@ %i"iga% N H c_n ;ung K t*ung h27 a)it A\2 t[ ;2 c> t*2ng Pg chXt A\2 + ChW s@ )7 6hIng h25: "7 txng s@ %i"iga% N H c_n ;ung K )7 6hIng h25 chXt A\2 Eguyn chXt B7 t*ung h27 a)it A\2 t[ ;2 t*2ng P g chXt A\2+

Este Quang Duy

q@ ]ng 6h:n este 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR 2 "7: Y+ !+ r+ 4+ C+ 2+ D+ 3+ C$% 6. q@ ]ng 6h:n este 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{ 2 "7 Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ C$% <. q@ ]ng 6h:n Un ch1c 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR 2 "7 Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ C$% =. q@ ]ng 6h:n Un ch1c 1ng BJi cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{ 2 "7 Y+ R+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ C$% >. q@ ]ng 6h:n %?ch hi c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C2H4 2 "7 Y+ P+ r+ 2+ C+ 3+ D+ 4+ C$% ?. Ch2 tXt c0 c5c ]ng 6h:n Un ch1c- %?ch hi- c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta C 2H4 2 "_n "t t5c ;Dng BJi: EaEa H- EaHC 3+ q@ 6h0n 1ng )0y *a "7 Y+ 2+ r+ !+ C+ 4+ D+ 3+ C$% @. ChXt S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR 2- "7 este ca a)it a)etic+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn ca S "7 Y+ C2H!C H+ r+ H $C2H4$CH + C+ CH3C CH3+ D+ HC C2H!+ C$% A. H6 chXt S c> cng th1c cXu t?2: CH3CH2C CH3+ Tn gi ca S "7: Y+ ety" a)etat+ r+ %ety" 6*26i2nat+ C+ %ety" a)etat+ D+ 6*26y" a)etat+ C$% B. Thy 6h:n este E c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{ 2 'c> %Qt H2q 4 "2mng) thu c 2 s0n 6ht% hTu cU S B7 |+ T4 S c> thK i3u chZ t*[c tiZ6 *a | Azng %^t 6h0n 1ng ;uy nhXt+ Tn gi ca E "7: Y+ %ety" 6*26i2nat+ r+ 6*26y" V2%at+ C+ anc2" ety"ic+ D+ ety" a)etat+ C$% 4C. Este ety" a)etat c> cng th1c "7 Y+ CH3CH2 H+ r+ CH3C H+ C+ CH3C C2H!+ D+ CH3CH + C$% 44. =un n>ng este HC CH3 BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch Ea H- s0n 6ht% thu c "7 Y+ CH3C Ea B7 C2H! H+ r+ HC Ea B7 CH3 H+ C+ HC Ea B7 C2H! H+ D+ CH3C Ea B7 CH3 H+ C$% 46. Este ety" V2%iat c> cng th1c "7 Y+ CH3C CH3+ r+ HC C2H!+ C+ HC CH#CH2+ D+ HC CH3+ C$% 4<. =un n>ng este CH3C C2H! BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch Ea H- s0n 6ht% thu c "7 Y+ CH3C Ea B7 CH3 H+ r+ CH3C Ea B7 C2H! H+ C+ HC Ea B7 C2H! H+ D+ C2H!C Ea B7 CH3 H+ C$% 4=. Thy 6h:n este S t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3%- thu c nat*i a)etat B7 anc2" ety"ic+ Cng th1c ca S "7 Y+ C2H3C C2H!+ r+ CH3C CH3+ C+ C2H!C CH3+ D+ CH3C C2H!+ C$% 4>. Este %ety" ac*i"at c> cng th1c "7 Y+ CH3C CH3+ r+ CH3C CH#CH2+ C+ CH2#CHC CH3+ D+ HC CH3+ C$% 4?. Este Biny" a)etat c> cng th1c "7 Y+ CH3C CH3+ r+ CH3C CH#CH2+ C+ CH2#CHC CH3+ D+ HC CH3+ C$% 4@. =un n>ng este CH3C CH#CH2 BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch Ea H- s0n 6ht% thu c "7 Y+ CH2#CHC Ea B7 CH3 H+ r+ CH3C Ea B7 CH3CH + C+ CH3C Ea B7 CH2#CH H+ D+ C2H!C Ea B7 CH3 H+ C$% 4A. =un n>ng este CH2#CHC CH3 BJi %^t "ng B4a ;ung ;<ch Ea H- s0n 6ht% thu c "7 Y+ CH2#CHC Ea B7 CH3 H+ r+ CH3C Ea B7 CH3CH + C+ CH3C Ea B7 CH2#CH H+ D+ C2H!C Ea B7 CH3 H+ C$% 4B. Nhi @t ch5y h27n t27n %^t este n2- Un ch1c thG s@ %2" C 2 sinh *a Azng s@ %2" 2 m 6h0n 1ng+ Tn gi ca este "7 Y+ n$6*26y" a)etat+ r+ %ety" a)etat+ C+ ety" a)etat+ D+ %ety" V2%iat+ C$% 6C. Thy 6h:n este C4HR 2 t*2ng %i t*ng a)it thu c %^t h}n h6 g]% c5c s0n 6ht% 3u c> Hh0 nnng 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este "7 Y+ HC CH#CHCH3+ r+ HC CH2CH#CH2+ C+ CH3C CH#CH2+ D+ c0 Y- r- C 3u ~ng+ C$% 64. H6 chXt hTu cU S t5c ;Dng BJi YgE 3 t*2ng EH3 ; thu c s0n 6ht% |+ Ch2 | t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch H2q 4 "2mng h2Qc ;ung ;<ch Ea H 3u thu c HhC B cU+ S "7 chXt n72 t*2ng c5c chXt sau :y Y+ HCH + r+ HC H+ C+ HC EH4+ D+ Y- r- C 3u ~ng+ C$% 66. T*2ng 6h0n 1ng este h25 giTa *u B7 a)it hTu cU- yZu t@ Hhng "7% c:n Azng ca 6h0n 1ng este h25 chuyKn ;<ch the2 chi3u thu9n "7
3

C$% 4.

Este Quang Duy

Y+ Ch2 *u ; hay a)it ;+ r+ Dlng chXt h~t nJc K t5ch nJc+ C+ Chng cXt ngay K t5ch este *a+ D+ qa ;Dng a)it %?nh "7% )~c t5c+ C$% 6<. Ch2 chXt | 'C4HR 2) t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H thu c 2 s0n 6ht% 3u c> Hh0 nnng 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca | "7 Y+ CH3C CH#CH2+ r+ HC CH2CH#CH2+ C+ HC CH#CHCH3+ D+ HC C'CH3)#CH2+ C$% 6=. Este c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{ 2 c> g@c *u "7 %ety" thG a)it t?2 nn este > "7 : Y+ Y)it V2%ic+ r+ Y)it a)etic+ C+ Y)it 6*26i2nic+ D+ Y)it n$Auti*ic+ C$% 6=. ChXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C!HR 4 + Thy 6h:n S Azng ;ung ;<ch Ea H ; - thu c P %u@i B7 P *u + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S c> thK "7 : Y+ HC $CH2$CH#CH$ CH r+ H C$CH#CH$C $CH3 C+ H C$CH2$C $CH#CH2 D+ H C$C $CH#CH$CH3 C$% 6>. Thy 6h:n este E c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{ 2 BJi )~c t5c a)it B cU "2mng- thu c 2 s0n 6ht% hTu cU S- | 'chW ch1a C- H- )+ T4 S c> thK i3u chZ t*[c tiZ6 *a | Azng %^t 6h0n 1ng ;uy nhXt + ChXt E "7 : Y+ Ety"a)etat+ r+ n$6*26y" V2%iat+ C+ is2$6*26y"V2%iat+ D+ %ety"6*26i2nat+ C$% 6@. Hai chXt hTu cU SP B7 S2 3u c> Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta Azng RF BC+ SP c> Hh0 nnng 6h0n 1ng BJi: Ea- Ea HEa2C 3+ S2 6h0n 1ng BJi Ea H 'un n>ng) nhng Hhng 6h0n 1ng Ea+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca SP- S2 "_n "t "7: Y+ CH3$C H- CH3$C $CH3+ r+ 'CH3)2CH$ H- H$C $CH3+ C+ H$C $CH3- CH3$C H+ D+ CH3$C H- H$C $CH3+ C$% 6A. Ch2 sU ] chuyKn h>a sau '%}i %i tn "7 %^t 6hUng t*Gnh 6h0n 1ng): Tinh A^t u S u | u u %ety" a)etat+ C5c chXt |- t*2ng sU ] t*n "_n "t "7: Y+ C2H! H- CH3C H+ r+ CH3C H- CH3 H+ C+ CH3C H- C2H! H+ D+ C2H4- CH3C H+ C$% 6B. ^t este c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C4HR 2- Hhi thuk 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng a)it thu c a)etanehit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn ca este > "7 Y+ HC $C'CH3)#CH2+ r+ HC $CH#CH$CH3+ C+ CH3C $CH#CH2+ D+ CH2#CH$C $CH3+ C$% <C. Ch2 g"i)e*2" 6h0n 1ng BJi h}n h6 a)it A\2 g]% CPfH3!C H B7 CP!H3PC H- s@ "2?i t*ieste c t?2 *a t@i a "7: Y+ R+ r+ 3+ C+ !+ D+ 4+ C$% <4. Nhi thuk 6h:n chXt A\2 t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% thG thu c %u@i ca a)it A\2 B7 Y+ 6hen2"+ r+ g"i)e*2"+ C+ anc2" Un ch1c+ D+ este Un ch1c+ C$% <6. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC H B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% <<. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i6an%itin ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% <=. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i2"ein ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH33C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% <>. Nhi thuk 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng a)it t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC H B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% <?. Ch2 ;my c5c chXt: HCH - CH3C H- CH3C C2H!- HC H- C2H! H- HC CH3+ q@ chXt t*2ng ;my tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng "7 Y+ 3+ r+ R+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ C$% <@. ChXt S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C2H4 2- ch2 chXt S t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H t?2 *a %u@i B7 nJc+ ChXt S thu^c "2?i Y+ anc2" n2 a ch1c+ r+ a)it Hhng n2 Un ch1c+ C+ este n2 Un ch1c+ D+ a)it n2 Un ch1c+ C$% <A. /*26y" V2%at c i3u chZ t4: Y+ a)it V2%ic B7 anc2" %ety"ic+ r+ a)it V2%ic B7 anc2" 6*26y"ic+ C+ a)it a)etic B7 anc2" 6*26y"ic+ D+ a)it 6*26i2nic B7 anc2" %ety"ic+ C$% <B. Ch2 R ga% %^t este ca a)it cacA2)y"ic n2 Un ch1c B7 anc2" n2 Un ch1c 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi PFF %" ;ung ;<ch Ea H P+ Tn gi ca este > "7
4

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Y+ ety" a)etat+ r+ 6*26y" V2%iat+ C+ %ety" a)etat+ D+ %ety" V2%iat+ C$% =C. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n 22-2 ga% h}n h6 g]% hai este HC C 2H! B7 CH3C CH3 Azng ;ung ;<ch Ea H P 'un n>ng)+ ThK tCch ;ung ;<ch Ea H t@i thiKu c_n ;lng "7 Y+ 4FF %"+ r+ 3FF %"+ C+ P!F %"+ D+ 2FF %"+ C$% =4. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n Pf-24 ga% chXt A\2 c_n B4a F-FR %2" Ea H+ C c?n ;ung ;<ch sau 6h0n 1ng thu c Hh@i "ng )7 6hIng "7 Y+ PR-R{ ga%+ r+ P{-3{ ga%+ C+ P{-24 ga%+ D+ Pf-{F ga%+ C$% =6. S7 6hIng h>a {-{ ga% ety" a)etat Azng 2FF %" ;ung ;<ch Ea H F-2+ qau Hhi 6h0n 1ng )0y *a h27n t27n- c c?n ;ung ;<ch thu c chXt *hn Hhan c> Hh@i "ng "7 Y+ 3-2{ ga%+ r+ {-!R ga%+ C+ {-2 ga%+ D+ PF-4 ga%+ C$% =<. =@t ch5y h27n t27n f-{ ga% este S thu c PP-44 ga% C 2 B7 4-R{ ga% H2 + Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca este "7 Y+ C4H{ 4 r+ C4H{ 2 C+ C2H4 2 D+ C3HR 2 C$% ==. Thuk 6h:n h27n t27n PP-44 ga% este n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi S BJi PFF%" ;ung ;<ch Ea H P-3 'B4a ) thu c !-{ ga% %^t anc2" |+ Tn gi ca S "7 Y+ Ety" V2%at r+ Ety" a)etat C+ Ety" 6*26i2nat D+ /*26y" a)etat C$% =>. Thuk 6h:n este S c> CT/T C4H{ 2 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch Ea H thu c h}n h6 hai chXt hTu cU | B7 t*2ng > | c> tW Hh@i hUi s2 BJi H2 "7 PR+ S c> cng th1c "7 Y+ HC C3Hf r+ CH3C C2H! C+ HC C3H! D+ C2H!C CH3 C$% =?. C> thK gi tn este 'CPfH33C )3C3H! "7 Y+T*i2"ein r+ T*istea*in C+ t*i6an%itin D+ stea*ic C$% =@. =un n>ng chXt A\2 c_n B4a 4F Hg ;ung ;<ch Ea H P!y- gi0 sa 6h0n 1ng )0y *a h27n t27n+ Nh@i "ng 'Hg) g"i)e*2" thu c "7 Y+ P3-{ r+ 4-R C+ R-f! D+ -2 C$% =A. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n 3f-F ga% h}n h6 2 este "7 HC C 2H! B7 CH3C CH3 Azng ;ung ;<ch Ea H- un n>ng+ Nh@i "ng Ea H c_n ;lng "7 Y+ {-Fg r+ 2F-Fg C+ PR-Fg D+ P2-Fg C$% =B. H6 chXt | c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C 4H{ 2+ Nhi ch2 | t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H sinh *a chXt c> cng th1c C3H! 2Ea+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca | "7 Y+ C2H!C C2H!+ r+ CH3C C2H!+ C+ C2H!C CH3+ D+ HC C3Hf+ C$% >C. S7 6hIng h25 h27n t27n Pf-R ga% h}n h6 2 este "7 ety" a)etat B7 %ety" 6*26i2nat Azng "ng B4a B '%") ;ung ;<ch Ea H F-!+ (i5 t*< B m ;lng "7 Y+ 2FF %"+ r+ !FF %"+ C+ 4FF %"+ D+ RFF %"+ C$% >4. T*2ng 6h:n ta este 'S) n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi c> th7nh 6h_n 2)i chiZ% 3R-3R y Hh@i "ng+ q@ ]ng 6h:n cXu t?2 ca S "7 Y+ 4+ r+ 2+ C+ 3+ D+ !+ C$% >6. L7% Aay hUi F-3f ga% este n> chiZ% thK tCch Azng thK tCch ca P-R ga% 2 t*2ng clng i3u HiOn+ Este t*n c> s@ ]ng 6h:n "7: Y+P r+2 C+3 D+4 C$% ><. ^t este Un ch1c n2 c> !4-!! y C t*2ng 6h:n ta+Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca este c> thK "7: Y+C3HR 2 r+C4H{ 2 C+C4HR 2 D+C3H4 2 C$% >=. =@t ch5y h27n t27n f-! ga% este S ta thu c PP ga% C 2 B7 4-! ga% H2 + EZu S Un ch1c thG S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7: Y+C3HR 2 r+C4H{ 2 C+C!HPF 2 D+C2H4 2 C$% >>. =@t ch5y h27n t27n P-4R ga% chXt hTu cU Y g]% C- H- thG thu c P-344 "it C 2 'Htc) B7 F- ga% H2 + Cng th1c n72 ;Ji :y c> thK "7 cng th1c ~ng + Y+'C C2H!)2+ r+CH3C H C+CH3C CH3 D+H C$CRH4$C H C$% >?. L7% Aay hUi !-{ ga% h}n h6 2 este ca a)it a)etic B7 2 anc2" ng `ng HZ tiZ6 ca anc2" %ety"ic+ E> chiZ% thK tCch P-344 "it 'Htc)+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca 2 este > "7: Y+HC C2H! B7 HC C3Hf r+CH3C CH3 B7 CH3C C2H! C+CH3C C2H! B7 CH3C C3Hf D+CH3C CH3 B7 CH3C C2H! C$% >@. =un n>ng P-Pg este n2 Un ch1c BJi ;ung ;<ch N H ;- ngi ta thu c P-4g %u@i+ TW Hh@i ca s2 BJi HhC C 2 "7 2+ c> cng th1c cXu t?2 n72 sau :y
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Este Quang Duy

Y+C2H!C CH3 r+CH3C C2H! C+HC C3Hf D+ CH3C C2H! C$% >A. Nhi thuk 6h:n chXt A\2 t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% thG thu c %u@i ca a)it A\2 B7 Y+ 6hen2"+ r+ g"i)e*2"+ C+ anc2" Un ch1c+ D+ este Un ch1c+ C$% >B. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC H B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% ?C. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i6an%itin ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% ?4. Nhi )7 6hIng h>a t*i2"ein ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH33C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% ?6. Nhi thuk 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng a)it t*istea*in ta thu c s0n 6ht% "7 Y+ CP!H3PC Ea B7 etan2"+ r+ CPfH3!C H B7 g"i)e*2"+ C+ CP!H3PC H B7 g"i)e*2"+ D+ CPfH3!C Ea B7 g"i)e*2"+ C$% ?<. =K t*ung hIa "ng a)it t[ ;2 c> t*2ng P4 ga% %^t %u chXt A\2 c_n P!%" ;ung ;<ch N H F-P+ ChW s@ a)it ca %u chXt A\2 t*n "7 'Ch2 H # P # PR N # 3) Y+ 4-{ r+ R-F C+ !-! D+ f-2 C$% ?=. =K t*ung h27 P4 ga% %^t chXt A\2 c_n P-! %" ;ung ;<ch N H P+ ChW s@ a)it ca chXt A\2 > "7 Y+ R r+ ! C+ f D+ { C$% ?>. =un n>ng chXt A\2 c_n B4a 4F Hg ;ung ;<ch Ea H P!y- gi0 sa 6h0n 1ng )0y *a h27n t27n+ Nh@i "ng 'Hg) g"i)e*2" thu c "7 Y+ P3-{ r+ 4-R C+ R-f! D+ -2 C$% ??. Ch2 g"i)e*2" 6h0n 1ng BJi h}n h6 a)it A\2 g]% CPfH3!C H B7 CP!H3PC H- s@ "2?i t*ieste c t?2 *a t@i a "7 Y+ R+ r+ 3+ C+ !+ D+ 4+ C$% ?@. Ch2 sU ] chuyKn h>a sau: Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S-|- "_n "c "7 H8O2 H SO Cc -t CH OH - H SO -t CH3CH'EH2)C H S | + Y+ CH3CH' H)C H- CH2 #CH$C H- CH2 #CH$ CCH3 r+ CH3CH' H)C H- CH2 #CH$C H- CH3 C CH #CH2 C+ CH3CH'EH2)C EH4- CH2 #CH$C H- CH2 #CH$C CH3 D+ CH3CH' H)C H- CH2 #CH$C H- CH2 #CH$C CH3 C$% ?A. E c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C4Hf 2C"+ E t5c ;Dng BJi Ea H t?2 *a %^t s0n 6ht% "7% tan c Cu' H) 2 t?2 ;ung ;<ch )anh "a%+ E c> thK c> cng th1c cXu t?2 "7 : Y+ C"$CH2$C $C2H! r+ CH3$C $CH2$CH2C"+ C+ HC $CH2$CHC"$CH3 D+ A- c =E( C$% ?B. Thy 6h:n este C4HR 2 t*2ng %i t*ng a)it - thu c h}n h6 2 chXt hTu cU 3u c> Hh0 nnng tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este "7 : Y+ CH3$C $CH#CH2 r+ H$C $CH2$CH#CH2+ C+ HC $CH#CH$CH3 D+ CH2#CH$C $CH3 C$% @C. Ch2 3-!2 ga% %^t este E ca a)it cacA2)y"ic n2 Un ch1c B7 *u n2 Un ch1c 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi 4F%" ;ung ;<ch Ea H P - thu c chXt S B7 chXt |+ =@t ch5y F-R ga% chXt | ch2 P-32 ga% C 2+ Nhi A< 2)i h>achXt | chuyKn th7nh an;ehit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este E B7 chXt | "7 ' gi0 sa c5c 6h0n 1ng 3u ?t hiOu suXt PFFy ) Y+ HC CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2 H r+ CH3C CH2CH3 CH3CH2 H C+ C2H!C CH3 CH3CH2 H D+ HC CH'CH3)CH3 C$% @4. H6 chXt hTu cU S ch1a C- H- - %?ch th`ng- c> Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta P4R BC+ riZt S Hhng t5c ;Dng BJi nat*i Hi% "2?i+ LXy P4-R ga% S t5c ;Dng B4a PFF%" ;ung ;<ch Ea H 2 thu c h}n h6 g]% %^t %u@i B7 %^t *u+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 c> thK c> ca S "7: Y+HC 'CH2)4 CH r+CH3C $'CH2)2$ C CH3 h2Qc C2H! C$C C2H! C+ CH3C 'CH2)2 CCH3 D+ C0 3 c:u Y- r- C 3u ~ng+ C$% @6. =un RR-4 ga% h}n h6 S g]% 3 *u n2 Un ch1c BJi a)it sunVu*ic Qc i P4F 2C - thu c !!-R ga% h}n h6 c5c ete ' AiZt c5c ete c> s@ %2" Azng nhau B7 hiOu suXt 6h0n 1ng "7 PFFy)+ q@ %2" %}i ete t*2ng h}n h6 sau 6h0n 1ng "7:
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Y+ F-F! %2"+ r+ F-P %2"+ C+ F-2 %2"+ D+ F-2! %2"+ C$% @<. =@t h27n t27n 4-2 ga% este E thu c R-PR g C 2 B7 2-!2 g H2 + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca E "7 +: Y+ HC CH3 r+ CH3C CH3 C+ CH3C C2H! D+ HC C2H! C$% @=. Ch2 h}n h6 Y g]% 2 este c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H{ 2 B7 C3HR 2 t5c ;Dng h27n t27n BJi Ea H ; thu c R-P4 ga% h}n h6 2 %u@i B7 3-R{ ga% %^t *u r ;uy nhXt c> tk Hh@i hUi s2 BJi 2)i "7 P-43f!+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 %}i este B7 s@ ga% tUng 1ng "7 : Y+ CH3C C2H! 'R-R g) HC C2H! 'P-4{g) r+ C2H!C CH3 '4-4g) CH3C CH3 '2-2g) r+ CH3C C2H! '4-4g) HC C2H!' 2-22g) D+ ^t HZt vu0 Hh5c + C$% @>. S7 6hIng h>a h27n t27n 22-2 ga% h}n h6 2 este "7 HC C2H! B7 CH3C CH3 Azng ;ung ;<ch Ea H P + thK tCch ;ung ;<ch Ea H c_n ;lng "7 : Y+ 2FF %" r+ 3FF %" C+ 4FF %" D+ !FF %" + C$% @?. =un P2g a)it a)etic BJi P "ng ; *u ety"ic ' c> H2q 4 Qc "7% )~c t5c )+ =Zn Hhi 6h0n 1ng ;4ng "?i thu c PPg este + HiOu suXt ca 6h0n 1ng este h>a "7 Aa2 nhiu Y+ fFy r+ f!y C+ R2-!y D+ !Fy+ C$% @@. =@t ch5y h6 chXt hTu cU S thu c C 2 B7 H2 + Nh@i "ng 6h:n ta ca S "7 f4 BC+ S t5c ;Dng c BJi Ea- ;ung ;<ch Ea H- ;ung ;<ch YgE 3EH3+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7 Y+ C4HPF + r+ C3HR 2+ C+ C2H2 3+ D+ CRHR+ C$% @A. ^t este S %?ch hi t?2 Aii anc2" n2 Un ch1c B7 a)it Hhng n2 'c> %^t n@i i C#C) Un ch1c+ =@t ch5y a %2" S thu c R-f2 "Ct HhC C 2 'i Htc) B7 4-F! ga% nJc+ (i5 t*< ca a "7 Y+ F-F2! %2"+ r+ F-F! %2"+ C+ F-FR %2"+ D+ F-Ff! %2"+ C$% @B. ^t este Un ch1c %?ch hi c> Hh@i "ng "7 P2- ga% t5c ;Dng B4a BJi P!F %" ;ung ;<ch N H P+ qau 6h0n 1ng thu %^t %u@i B7 %^t an;ehit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca este "7 : Y+ HC CH#CH$CH3 r+ CH3C CH#CH2 C+ C2H!C CH#CH2 D+ Y B7 r ~ng+ C$% AC. ChW s@ a)it ca chXt A\2 "7: Y+ q@ "ien HZt c> t*2ng g@c hi;*2cacA2n ca a)it A\2+ r+ q@ %i"iga% N H c_n K t*ung hIa c5c a)it t[ ;2 c> t*2ng P ga% chXt A\2+ C+ q@ %i"iga% Ea H c_n K t*ung hIa c5c a)it t[ ;2 c> t*2ng P ga% chXt A\2+ D+ q@ %2" N H c_n K )7 6hIng h>a P ga% chXt A\2 + C$% A4. =un n>ng h}n h6 etan2" B7 6*26an2"$2 BJi a)it 2)a"ic c> )~c t5c H 2q 4 9% Qc c> thK thu c t@i a Aa2 nhiu este hTu cU a ch1c Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ C$% A6. Ch2 sU ] AiZn h25 'gi0 sa c5c 6h0n 1ng 3u h27n t27n): + HC" + Ea H - t 2 + H 2 - Ei- t 2 T*i2"ein S2+ Tn ca S2 "7 SP S Y+ a)it 2"eic+ r+ a)it 6an%itic+ C+ a)it stea*ic+ D+ a)it "in2"eic+ C$% A<. D_u th[c B9t "7 Y+ H}n h6 c5c hi*2cacA2n i t*?ng th5i *hn+ r+ H}n h6 c5c hi*2cacA2n i t*?ng th5i "gng+ C+ Este 3 "_n este ca *u g"i)e*in BJi a)it A\2 ch yZu "7 a)it A\2 Hhng n2+ D+ Este 3 "_n este ca *u g"i)e*in BJi a)it A\2 ch yZu "7 a)it A\2 n2+ C$% A=. S7 6hIng h>a PF ga% este S cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C !H{ 2 Azng f! %" ;ung ;<ch Ea H 2+ C c?n ;ung ;<ch sau 6h0n 1ng c PP-4 ga% chXt *hn Hhan+ Tn gi ca S "7 Y+ ety"ac*y"at+ r+ Biny"6*26y2nat+ C+ %ety"%etac*y"at+ D+ a"y"a)etat+ C$% A>. H6 chXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C 4Hf 2C" Hhi thy 6h:n t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% c c5c s0n 6ht%- t*2ng > c> 2 h6 chXt c> Hh0 nnng tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ~ng ca S "7 Y+ HC CH2CHC"CH3+ r+ C2H!C CH2C"+ C+ CH3C CHC"CH3+ D+ HC CHC"CH2CH3+ C$% A?. Dmy c5c chXt n72 sau :y 3u c> Hh0 nnng tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng 't?2 HZt ta Yg) Y+ a)eti"en- anehit a)etic- %ety"V2%iat+ r+ %etana"- etana"- a)it a)etic+ C+ %etana"- etana"- a)it V22c%ic- %ety"V2%iat+ D+ a)eti"en- a)it a)etic- a)it V22c%ic+

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C:u P+ Nhi thy 6h:n h6 chXt: H2ECH2 $ C $ EH $ CH $ C $ EH $ CH $ C $ EH $ CH $ C H CH2C H CH2CRH! CH24$EH2 q@ a%in2 a)it sinh *a "7: Y+ 4 r+ ! C+ R D+ 3 C:u 2+ =K t*ung hIa 2! ga% ;ung ;<ch ca %^t a%in Un ch1c S n]ng ^ P2-4y c_n ;lng PFF %" ;ung ;<ch HC" P+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7: Y+ C3H!E r+ CH!E C+C2HfE D+ C3HfE C:u 3+ Ch2 c5c "2?i h6 chXt: a%in2a)it 'S)- %u@i a%2ni ca a)it cacA2)y"ic '|)- a%in ')- este ca a%in2a)it 'T)+ ;my g]% c5c "2?i h6 chXt 3u t5c ;Dng c BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H B7 3u t5c ;Dng c BJi ;ung ;<ch HC" "7: Y+ S- |- - T r.S- |- C+ S- |- T D+ |- - T C:u 4+ q0n 6ht% thu c Hhi thy 6h:n h27n t27n ni"2n$f t*2ng ;; HC" ; "7: Y+ C"H3E'CH2)!C H r+ E'CH2)RC H C+ H2E'CH2)!C H D+ C"H3E'CH2)RC H C:u R: Ch2 sU ] 6h0n 1ng : C4HPP 2E . Ea H u Y . CH3EH2 . H2 + 89y cng th1c cXu t?2 ca C4HPP 2E "7 : Y+C2H!C CH2 EH2 r+ C2H!C EH3CH3 C+ CH3C CH2CH2EH2 D+ C2H!C CH2CH2EH2 C:u f: Ei"2n & R-R "7 %^t "2?i: Y+ tU a)etat r+ tU 62"ia%it C+ 62"ieste D+ tU Bisc2 C$% A: Nh@i "ng ca %^t 2?n %?ch tU ni"2n$R-R "7 2f34R Bc B7 ca %^t 2?n %?ch tU ca6*2n "7 PfPfR Bc+ q@ "ng %ht )Cch t*2ng 2?n %?ch ni"2n$R-R B7 ca6*2n nu t*n "_n "t "7 D. P2P B7 P!2+ E. PP3 B7 PP4+ C. PP3 B7 P!2+ F. P2P B7 PP4+ C:u + Eh>% c5c B9t "iOu c chZ t?2 t4 62"i%e t*lng ngng "7 : Y+ ni"2n $R-R tU "a6san ni"2n $R r+Ca2 su ni"2n $R-R tU nit*2n C+ TU a)etat ni"2n $R-R D+ Ei"2n $R-R tU "a6san thy tinh 6"e)ig"as C$% 4C+ /8C [2c i3u chZ t4 HhC thin nhin the2 sU ] : CH4 C2H2 CH2#CH$C" /8C EZu hiOu suXt t27n A^ vu5 t*Gnh "7 2Fy thG thK tCch HhC thin nhin 'i Htc) c_n "Xy K i3u chZ *a P tXn /C8 "7 ' )e% HhC thin nhin ch1a PFFy %etan B3 thK tCch ) Y+3!{4%3 r+P2{4R %3 C+ {R3!%3 D+R42R %3 C$% 44: a%in2a)it S ch1a %^t nh>% $EH2+ Ch2 PF-3 ga% S t5c ;Dng BJi a)it HC" ';)- thu c P3-! ga% %u@i Hhan+ =un n>ng S BJi ("i)in c> )~c t5c thu c i6e6tit+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn ca S "7 D. H2ECH2C H+ E.CH3CH2CH'EH2)C H+ F. CH3CH'EH2)C H+ C+CH3CH'EH2)CH'EH2)CH2C H+ C:u P2+ Nh@i "ng c5c g@c g"i)in 't4 g"i)in ) chiZ% !Fy Hh@i "ng %^t "2?i tU tz% 'ViA2*2in) +Nh@i "ng g"i)in %7 c5c c2n tU tz% c_n K t?2 nn P Hg tU > Y+R4!-!! g r+R4R-!! g C+R4R- 44 g D+R4!-!R g C$% 4<: Ch2 h}n h6 S g]% hai chXt hTu cU c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta C2HfE 2 t5c ;Dng B4a BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H B7 un n>ng- thu c ;ung ;<ch | B7 4-4{ "Ct h}n h6 'i Htc) g]% hai HhC '3u "7% )anh giXy vu t%)+ TW Hh@i hUi ca @i BJi H2 Azng P3-f!+ C c?n ;ung ;<ch | thu c Hh@i "ng %u@i Hhan "7 D. PR-! ga%+ r+ P4-3 ga%+ C. {- ga%+ F. P!-f ga%+ C:u P4+ Nhi chng cXt nh[a than 5- ngi ta thu c %^t 6h:n an ch1a 6hen2" B7 ani"in hIa tan t*2ng anHy"Aensen ';ung ;<ch Y )+ qDc HhC hi*2 c"2*ua B72 PFF%" ;ung ;<ch Y thG thu c P-2! ga% HZt ta+ Ehg t4 t4 nJc A*2% B72PFF%" ;ung ;<ch Y B7 "hc HW ch2 Zn Hhi ng4ng t?2 t?2 HZt ta t*hng thG hZt 3FF ga% nJc A*2% 3-2y+ E]ng %2" ca ani"in B7 6hen2" t*2ng ;ung ;<ch Y Y+ F-P B7 F-2 r+ F-P B7 F-P C+F-2B7 F-2 D+ F-2 B7 F-P C$% 4>: =@t ch5y h27n t27n %^t "ng chXt hTu cU S thu c R-f2 "Ct HhC C 2- P-P2 "Ct HhC E2 'c5c HhC 2 i Htc) B7 R-3 ga% H2 + Nhi S t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H thu c s0n 6ht% c> %u@i H2E$CH2$C Ea+ Cng th1c
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cXu t?2 thu gn ca S "7 D. H2E$CH2$C $C3Hf+ r+H2E$CH2$CH2$C C2H!+ C. H2E$CH2$C $CH3+ F. H2E$CH2$C $C3H!+ C:u PR+ 6H ca ;ung ;<ch clng n]ng %2" ca Aa chXt 'P)EH 2CH2C H- '2)CH3CH2C H B7 '3)CH3 'CH2)2EH2 tnng the2 t*9t t[ n72 sau :y Y+ 3 P 2 r+ P2 3 C+ 2 P3 D+ 2 3P C:u Pf: Ch2 P %2" a%in2 a)it S 6h0n 1ng BJi ;ung ;<ch HC" ';)- thu c %P ga% %u@i |+ Cng P %2" a%in2 a)it S 6h0n 1ng BJi ;ung ;<ch Ea H ';)- thu c %2 ga% %u@i + riZt %2$ %P# f-!+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7 Y+C!H 4E+ r+ C4HPF 2E2 C+ C!HPP 2E+ D+ C4H{ 4E2 C$% 4A: Thu@c tha c ;lng K 6h:n AiOt ("y$Y"a$("y BJi ("y$Y"a "7 Y+ ;ung ;<ch Ea H+ r+ ;ung ;<ch EaC"+ C+ Cu' H)2 t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3%+ D+ ;ung ;<ch HC"+ C:u P+ 6h5t AiKu n72 sau :y ~ng Y+ /h:n ta i6e6tit c> hai "in HZt 6e6tit+ r+ /h:n ta i6e6tit c> Aa "in HZt 6e6tit+ C + t*2ng 6h:n ta 6e6tit %?ch hi ch1a n g@c $ a%in2 a)it- s@ "in HZt 6e6tit Azng n$P+ D+ t*2ng 6h:n ta 6e6tit %?ch hi- s@ "in HZt 6e6tit Aa2 gi cng Azng s@ g@c $ a%in2 a)it C$% 6C: ChXt S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C4H 2E+ riZt: S . Ea H u | . CH4 | . HC" ';) u . EaC" Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S B7 "_n "t "7 Y+ CH3CH'EH2)C CH3 B7 CH3CH'EH3C")C H+ r+ H2ECH2C C2H! B7 C"H3ECH2C H+ C+ H2ECH2CH2C CH3 B7 CH3CH'EH3C")C H+ D+ CH3CH'EH2)C CH3 B7 CH3CH'EH2)C H+ C:u 2P+T4 $ a%in2 a)it S- |- c> thK t?2 th7nh %Xy t*i6e6tit t*2ng > c> c0 S- |- Y+ 2 r+3 C+4 D+R C:u 22: Ch2 PF-! ga% a%in Un ch1c S 6h0n 1ng h27n t27n BJi HC" ';)- thu c PR-42! ga% %u@i+ q@ ]ng 6h:n cXu t?2 ca S "7 Y+ 4+ r+ {+ C+ !+ D+ f+ C:u 23: /2"i'%ety" %etac*y"at) B7 ni"2n$R c t?2 th7nh t4 c5c %2n2%e tUng 1ng "7 Y+ CH2#CH$C CH3 B7 H2E$CH2R$C H+ r+ CH3#C'CH3)$C CH3 B7 H3E$CH2R$C H+ C+ CH3$C $CH#CH2 B7 H2E$CH2!$C H+ D+ CH2#C'CH3)$C CH3 B7 H3E$CH2!$C H+ C:u 24+ Nhi thy 6h:n h27n t27n !FF ga% 6*2tein Y thu c PfF ga% a"anin+ EZu 6h:n ta Hh@i ca Y "7 !FFFF ga% thG s@ %ht )Cch a"anin t*2ng 6h:n ta ca Y "7 Aa2 nhiu Y+ PP r+P2 C+PP D+PF C:u 2!: /h5t AiKu n72 sau :y "7 ~ng Y+ TU Bisc2 "7 tU txng h6+ r+ T*lng ngng Auta$P-3$ien BJi ac*i"2nit*in c> )~c t5c Ea c ca2 su Auna$E+ C+ T*lng h6 sti*en thu c 62"i'6hen2"$V2%anehit)+ D+ /2"i'ety"en te*e6hta"at) c i3u chZ Azng 6h0n 1ng t*lng ngng c5c %2n2%e tUng 1ng+ C:u 2R+ Thy 6h:n h27n t27n P%2" 6enta6e6tit Y thG thu c 3 %2" g"i)in- P%2" a"anin B7 P%2" Ba"in+ Nhi thy 6h:n Hhng h27n t27n Y thG t*2ng h}n h6 s0n 6ht% thXy c> c5c i6e6tit Y"a$("y- ("y$ Y"a B7 ("y$("y$8a"+ Th1 t[ c5c $ a%in2 a)it t*2ng 6enta6e6tit Y "7 Y+ ("y$ Y"a$ ("y $("y &8a" C+ ("y$("y &("y$ Y"a $8a" r+ Y"a$ ("y$("y $("y &8a" D+ 8a"$ ("y$ Y"a$ ("y $("y C:u 2f+ =K s0n )uXt tU c"2*in- ngi ta c"2 h>a /8C Azng c"2+ /2"i%e thu c ch1a RR-fy c"2+ (i0 thiZt hO s@ 62"i%e h>a n Hhng thay xi sau 6h0n 1ng+ H0y tCnh )e% t*ung AGnh c1 %Xy %ht )Cch &CH 2$CHC"$ t*2ng 6h:n ta /8C thG %^t %ht )Cch A< c"2 h>a Y+ 2 r+3 C+4 D+!

Este Quang Duy

C:u 2{: Eguyn "iOu t*[c tiZ6 i3u chZ tU "a6san "7 Y+ Eti"eng"ic2" B7 a)itai6ic r+ Y)itte*e6hta"ic B7 eti"eng"ic2 C+ Y)it $ a%in2ca6*2ic D+ Sen"u"2sUt*nit*at C:u 2+ Ch2 P3-3! g hh S g]% CH3CHEH2C H B7 CH2EH2CH2C H t5c ;Dng BJi 8%" Ea H P thu c ;; |+ riZt ;; | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi 2!F%" ;; HC" P+ (i5 t*< ca 8 "7: Y+ PFF r+ P!F+ C+ 2FF D+ 2!F+ C:u 3F+ q[ )h6 )Z6 n72 the2 t*9t t[ tnng ;_n "[c AasU ca c5c h6 chXt sau :y "7 ~ng Y+C2H!EH2 'C2H! )2EH2 EH3 CRH!EH2 r+'C2H! )2EH2 EH3 CRH!EH2 C2H!EH2 C+CRH!EH2 EH3 C2H!EH2 'C2H! )2EH2 D+EH3 C2H!EH2 'C2H! )2EH2 CRH!EH2 C:u 3P: Ch2 2F-P!g h}n h6 S g]% CH 2EH2C H B7 CH3CHEH2C H t5c ;Dng BJi 2FF%" ;; HC" P c ;; |+ ;; | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi 4!F%" ;; Ea H P+ /h_n y Hh@i "ng ca CH 2EH2C H t*2ng S "7: Y+ !!-{3y r+ !3-!{y C+ 44-Pfy D+ 4f-4Py+ C:u 32+ Ch2 F-P %2" h6 chXt Y t5c ;Dng B4a BJi {F %" ;ung ;<ch HC" P-2! - sau > c c?n ;ung ;<ch thG thu c P{-f! ga% %u@i+ Qt Hh5c- nZu ch2 F-P %2" Y t5c ;Dng BJi "ng ;ung ;<ch Ea H B4a - *]i e% c c?n thu c Pf-3 ga% %u@i+'AiZt *zng Y "7 %^t $a%in2 a)it- Hhng "7% %Xt ;ung ;ich Nn 4+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca Y "7: Y+ CRH!$C'EH2)2$C H r+ CRH!$CH'EH2)$C CH3 C+CRH!$CH'EH2)$C H D+ C2H!$CH'EH2)$C H C:u 33 ^t "2?i ca2 su "u h>a ch1a 2y "u hunh+ Hgi c1 Hh20ng Aa2 nhiu %ht )Cch is26*en c> %^t c_u n@i isunVua &q$q$'gi0 thuyZt *zng q m thay thZ ch2 H i nh>% %ety"en t*2ng %?ch ca2 su) Y+4! r+4R C+R4 ;+3R CGH 4>: Ch2 chXt S + S t5c ;Dng BJi Ea gi0i 6h>ng H 2 the2 tk "O nS : nH # P : P B7 t5c ;Dng BJi Ea H the2 tk "O nS : n Ea H # P : P+ 89y S "7 : OH CH2OH OH OH Y+OH
CH3

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CGH 4B: S\t c5c chXt hTu cU sau : 'P) CH3$CH2$CH# '2) CH3$C $CH3 '3) CH2#CH$CH# '4) CH C$CH2 H EhTng chXt Hhi t5c ;Dng BJi H2 ; ' )~c t5c Ei- t2) 3u ch2 s0n 6ht% gi@ng nhau "7 : Y+ 'P) B7 '2) r+ 'P) '3) B7 '4) + C+ '3) B7 '4)+ D+ '2) '3) B7 '4)+ CGH 6C: Nhi ch2 2)i h>a !-{ ga%%^t an;ehit Un ch1c S Azng 2)i ')t- t2)- thu c f-4 ga% %^t a)it tUng 1ng + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca an;ehit S "7 cng th1c n72 sau :y : Y+ C2H!$CH# + r+ CH3$CH# + C+ CH3'CH2)2CH# ;+ CH3$CH'CH3)CH# + CGH 64: Dmy g]% tXt c0 c5c chXt 3u c> thK i3u chZ c a)it a)etic t*[c tiZ6 Azng %^t 6h0n 1ng "7 : Y+ C2H2- CH3CH - HC CH3 r+ C2H! H- HCH - CH3C CH3+ C+ C2H! H- CH3CH - CH3C CH3+ D+ C2H! H- CH3CH - HC CH3+ CGH <4: ("uc2sU c> t*2ng cU thK ^ng B9t - thc B9t + T*2ng %5u ngi h7% "ng g"uc2sU "un xn <nh BJi tW "O "7 : Y+ F-Py r+ Py C+ F-FPy D+ F-2y CGH <>: CGH <?: T*2ng th[c tZ ngi ta ;lng g"uc2sU t*5ng gUng thay BG ;lng c5c an;ehit+ LM ;2 c a *a "7: ("uc2sU * ti3n hUn an;ehit ("uc2sU Hhng ^c nh an;ehit Clng %^t s@ %2" nh nhau- g"uc2sU t?2 *a "ng A?c nhi3u hUn s2 BJi c5c an;ehit Hh5c Y- r ~ng CGH <@: Eh[a 6hen2"V2%an;ehit c i3u chZ Azng c5ch un 6hen2" BJi ;ung ;<ch n72 sau :y+ Y+ CH3CH t*2ng %i t*ng a)it r+ CH3C H t*2ng %i t*ng a)it C+ HC H t*2ng %i t*ng a)it D+ HCH t*2ng %i t*ng a)it CGH <A: =@t ch5y hIan tIan h}n h6 2 ga% a%in n2- Un ch1c "7 ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 thu c 2-24 "Ct C 2 'Htc) B7 3-Rg H2 + Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca 2 a%in "7: Y+ CH3EH2 B7 C2H!EH2 r+ C2H!EH2 B7 C3HfEH2 C+ C3HfEH2 B7 C4HEH2 D+ TXt c0 3u sai
PF

Este Quang Duy

CGH <B: -3g %^t a"Hy" a%in S ch2 t5c ;Dng BJi eC"3- ; thu c PF-fg HZt ta+ Y"Hy" a%in S c> cng th1c n72 ;Ji :y: Y+ CH3EH2 r+ C2H!EH2 C+ C3HfEH2 D+ C4HEH2 CH3CH2 H CGH =4: Nha h>a hIan tIan %^t "ng an;ehit Un ch1c %?ch hi 'S) c_n 4a %2" H 2+ q0n 6ht% thu c ch2 t5c ;Dng hZt BJi Ea thu c a %2" H2+ Dmy ]ng `ng ca Y c> cng th1c chung "7: Y+ CnH2n$fCH 'n R- nguyn ) r+ CnH2n$PCH ' n 2- nguyn) C+ CnH2n$3CH 'n 4- nguyn ) D+ CnH2n$2CH ' n 3- nguyn) CGH =6: H}n h6 g]% 2 *u Un ch1c A9c P+ Ch2 P!-3 g h}n h6 t5c ;Dng Ea ';)- thu c 3-3R "Ct hi;*2 'Hc)+ Clng "ng h}n h6 t*n 6h0n 1ng h27n t27n BJi Cu i nhiOt ^ ca2- c h}n h6 an;ehit P+ Ch2 t27n A^ "ng P 6h0n 1ng hZt BJi Yg2 ; t*2ng EH3 thu c {R-4g Yg+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 thu gn hai *u t*2ng h}n h6 "7: Y+ C2H! H B7 CH3 H r+ CH3 H B7 Ch3$CH2$CH2$ H C+ C3Hf H B7 Ch3 H D+ TXt c0 sai CGH =<: ChXt S ch1a c5c nguyn t@ C- H- t*2ng > hi*2 chiZ% 2-43y B3 Hh@i "ng+ Nhi @t ch5y S 3u thu c s@ %2" nJc Azng s@ %2" chXt S m ch5y- AiZt P %2" S 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi 2-F %2" Yg 2 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch a%%2niac+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7: Y+ HC H r+ HC & CH C+ HC & HC#CH & CH D+ HC $ C C & CH CGH =A: Ch2 F-F2 %2" chXt S 'S "7 %^t $ a%in2 a)it) 6h0n 1ng B4a hZt BJi PRF%" ;; HC" F-P!2 thG t?2 *a 3-Rfg %u@i+ Qt Hh5c 4-4P ga% S Hhi 6h0n 1ng BJi P "ng Ea H B4a thG t?2 *a !-f3g %u@i Hhan+ riZt S c> %?ch cacA2n Hhng 6h:n nh5nh+ 89y cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7: Y+ H C$CH'EH2)$CH'EH2)C H r+ H C$CH2$CH2$CH'EH2)$C H C+ CH3$CH2$CH'EH2)$C H D+ CH3$CH2$CH2$CH'EH2)$ C H C$% =: =@t ch5y h27n t27n F-4 %2" h}n h6 Y g]% 2 anHen "in tiZ6 - c % g nJc B7 '% . 3)g C 2+ CT/T ca 2 anHen n7y "7 : Y+ Y+ C2H4 B7 C3HR+ r+ C4H{ B7 C!HPF+ C+ C3HR B7 C4H{ D+ C!HPF B7 CRHP2 + t2 h6 HhC g]% hi;*2cacA2n S B7 hi;*2 c> Ei "7% )~c t5c 'thK tCch Ei C$% ?: T*2ng %^t AGnh HCn ch1a h}n Hhng 5ng HK)+ Eung n>ng AGnh %^t thi gian - thu c %^t HhC | ;uy nhXt + clng nhiOt ^- 56 suXt t*2ng AGnh t*Jc Hhi nung n>ng gX6 3 "_n 56 suXt t*2ng AGnh sau Hhi nung + =@t ch5y %^t "ng | thu c nCO2 : nH 2O # 3 : 2+ 89y S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta n72 sau :y Y+ C2H4+ r+ C2H2+ C+ C3H4+ D+ C4H4+ C$% B: Hi;*2cacA2n Y t5c ;Dng BJi A*2% t*2ng i3u HiOn thCch h6 - thu 4 ;n )uXt ch1a A*2% "7 ]ng 6h:n ca nhau B7 c> tW Hh@i hUi ca %}i ]ng 6h:n @i BJi hi;*2 "7 f!-!+ CT/T B7 tn ~ng ca Y "7 : Y+ C!HP2 2-2$;i%ety"6*26an r+ CRHP4 2-3$;i%ety"Autan+ C+ C!HP2 2$%ety"Autan+ D+ C4HPF %ety"6*26an+ C$% 4C: S B7 | c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta C4HPF + =un S- | t*2ng H2q 4 Qc i PfF2C - thu c %^t 2"eVin ;uy nhXt+ Tn S B7 | "7 : Y+ rutan2"$P B7 Autan2"$2 r+ 2$%ety"6*26an2"$P B7 2$%ety"6*26an2"$2+ C+ 2$%ety"6*26an2"$2 B7 Autan2"$2+ D+ 2$%ety"6*26an2"$P B7 Autan2"$P+ C$% 44: H}n h6 S g]% %^t *u Un n2 | B7 %^t *u n2 2 ch1c + C0 2 *u 3u c> clng s@ CacA2n+ =@t h27n t27n F-F2 %2" h}n h6 S- thG thu c P-fR ga% C 2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta %}i *u "7 : Y+ C2H! H B7 C2H4' H)2 r+ C3Hf H B7 C3HR' H)2+ C+ C4H H B7 C4H{' H)2+ D+ C!HPP H B7 C!HPF' H)2 C$% 4<: C5c 6h5t AiKu n72 sau :y B3 6hen2" Hhng chCnh )5c Y+ /hen2" c> tCnh a)it- t5c ;Dng c BJi ;ung ;<ch Hi3%- 6hen2" c> tn a)it 6henic+ r+ 6hen2" ; tha% gia 6h0n 1ng c^ng BJi ;ung ;<ch A*2% ch2 HZt ta t*hng + C+ TCnh a)it ca 6hen2" yZu - ;ung ;<ch ca 6hen2" t*2ng nJc Hhng "7% xi %7u vuG tC%+ D+ /hen2" ch2 6h0n 1ng t*lng ngng BJi an;ehit V2%ic- t5c ;Dng c BJi %u@i Ea 2C 3+ C$% 4=: T*2ng c5c ]ng 6h:n "7 h6 chXt thU% c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C fH{ + q@ ]ng 6h:n t5c ;Dng c BJi c0 Ea B7 Ea H "7 : Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ P D+ 4+ C$% 4>: )i h>a h27n t27n 2F-4 ga% h}n h6 2 an;ehit HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng- ngi ta thu c h}n h6 hai a)it cacA2)y"ic n2 Un ch1c + =K t*ung hIa h}n h6 a)it n7y c_n 6h0i ;lng 2FF%" ;ung ;<ch Ea H 2+ Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca 2 an;ehit "7 :
PP

Este Quang Duy

Y+ CH3CH CH3CH2CH + r+ H$CH # CH3$CH# r+ C2H!$CH# C3Hf$CH# + D+ CH3$CH'CH3)$CH# CH3$CH'CH3)$CH2$CH# + C$% 4?: =@t ch5y h27n t27n P-f2 ga% h}n h6 S g]% c> an;ehit ac*y"ic B7 %^t an;ehit n2 Un ch1c Y c_n 2-2R "Ct 2)i 'i ;Htc)+ Ch2 t27n A^ s0n 6ht% ch5y hX6 thD hZt B72 ;ung ;<ch nJc Bi t*2ng ; c {-! ga% HZt ta + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca Y "7 : Y+ C3Hf$CH# + r+ H$CH# + C+ C2H!CH# + D+ CH3$CH# + C$% 4B: /h5t AiKu n52 sau:y "un ~ng B3 an;ehit Yn;ehit "7 h6 chXt hTu cU : Y+ ChW c> tCnh Hha+ r+ ChW c> tCnh 2)i h>a+ C+ 84a c> tCnh Hha B4a c> tCnh 2)i h>a+ D+ Nhng c> tCnh 2)i h>a B7 Hhng c> tCnh Hha + C$% 66: Chia % ga% %^t an;ehit th7nh 2 6h_n Azng nhau : & /h_n P: e% @t ch5y h27n t27n- thu c nCO2 # nH 2O + & /h_n 2: e% th[c hiOn 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng thG thXy nan><hit : nLg # P : 4 + 89y an;ehit > "7 : Y+ Yn;ehit Un ch1c- n2- %?ch hi + r+ Yn;ehit n2- %?ch BIng+ C+ Yn;ehit V2%ic+ D+ Cha thK )5c <nh+ C$% 6>: 2n2%e ;lng K i3u chZ thy tinh hTu cU "7 : Y+ CH2#CH$C H r+ CH2#C'CH3)$C CH3 C+ CH3C $ CH#CH2 D+ CH2#CH$CH3+ + Y+ C$% <A: S "7 %^t a%in2 a)it chW ch1a P nh>% &EH2 B7 P nh>% &C H + Ch2 -FR ga% S t5c ;Dng BJi HC" ; thu c PP-2! ga% %u@i + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7: r+ Y+ H2E$CH2$C H r+ CH3$CH'EH2)$C H C+ C+ CH3$CH'EH2)$CH2$C H+ D+ CRH!$CH'EH2)$C H+ C$% =: =]ng 6h:n "7 nhTng chXt : Y+ c> clng Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta + r+ c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta + C+ c> th7nh 6h_n 6h:n ta hUn H\% nhau %^t s@ nh>% CH2 D+ c> clng cng th1c cXu t?2 + C$% A: /h5t AiKu n72 sau :y ~ng : Y+ Ca2 su "7 h6 chXt ca2 6h:n ta r+ Ca2 su "7 h6 chXt hi;*2cacA2n+ C+ Ca2 su "7 h6 chXt Hhng n2 + D+ Y- r- C 3u ~ng+ C$% B: Nhi %^t anHen c^ng BJi H2 ta c : Y+ ^t anHen Hh5c c> nhi3u nguyn ta H hUn + r+ ^t anHan c> clng s@ nguyn ta C BJi anHen t*n+ C+ ^t anHen c> B< t*C n@i i thay xi + D+ ^t anHan c> %?ch C Hh5c BJi anHen t*n+ C$% 4<: ,u n72 sau :y- Hhi t5ch nJc thu c s0n 6ht% chCnh "7 3$%ety"Auten$P : Y+ 2$%ety"Autan2"$P r+ 2$%ety"Autan2"$2 C+ 3$%ety"Autan2"$P D+ 3$%ety"Autan2"$2 C$% 4=: /h5t AiKu n72 sau :y ~ng : Y+ /hn2" t*2ng nJc ch2 %i t*ng a)it "7% vu tC% h>a g + r+ Yni"in t*2ng nJc ch2 %i t*ng Aas "7% vu tC% h>a )anh+ C+ ^t chXt tan %?nh t*2ng nJc c> thK HZt tinh t*2ng ;ung ;<ch Am2 hIa chCnh n> + D+ =^ tan ca chXt HhC tnng Hhi 56 suXt gi0%+ C$% 4@: H6 chXt hTu cU c> cng th1c ;?ng CnH2n thu^c "2?i h6 chXt : E+ Y+ an;ehit B7 )et2n Hhng n2 + r+ *u B7 ete n2 (+ C+ an;ehit Un ch1c B7 )et2n Un ch1c n2+ H+ D+ *u Un ch1c n2 B7 ete Un ch~c n2 C$% 4B: Dung ;<ch sacca*2s tinh HhiZt Hhng c> tCnh Hha - nhng Hhi un n>ng BJi ;ung ;<ch H 2q 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng + => "7 ;2 : Y+ =m c> s[ t?2 th7nh an;ehit sau 6h0n 1ng thy 6h:n +
4

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Este Quang Duy

r+ qacca*2s t*5ng gUng c t*2ng %i t*ng a)it + C+ qacca*2s A< thy 6h:n th7nh V*uct2s B7 g"uc2s c> ch1c an;ehit + D+ qacca*2s chuyKn cXu t?2 th7nh %ant2s c> ch~c an;ehit + C$% 6<: T*2ng cng nghiO6 chZ t?2 *u^t 6hCch - ngi ta th[c hiOn 6h0n 1ng h>a hc n72 sau :y : Y+ Ch2 a)eti"en t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE 3EH3 + r+ Ch2 g"uc2s t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE 3 EH3+ C+ Ch2 an;ehit V2%ic t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE 3EH3 + D+ Ch2 a)it V2%ic t5c ;Dng BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE 3EH3 + C$% 6?: T*2ng 6h0n 1ng anHy" h>a rensen ;Ji :y c> thK nh9n c s0n 6ht% "7 chXt n72 . Y+ 2n2anHy"Aensen C+ T*ianHy"Aensen ,&C"
LlCl3 to

r+ =ianHy"Aensen D+ C0 Y- r- C +

C$% <C: r@n chXt S- |- - T c> clng cng th1c Un gi0n nhXt + Nhi @t ch5y %}i chXt 3u ch2 s@ %2" C 2 # s@ %2" H2 # s@ %2" 2 tha% gia 6h0n 1ng ch5y +/h:n ta Hh@i ca %}i chXt 3u nhg hUn 2FF BC B7 ch~ng c> vuan hO chuyKn h>a the2 sU ] sau : S | T | "7 chXt n72 Y+ CH2 r+ C2H4 2 C+ C3HR 3 D+ CRHP2 R C$% <4: =K ch1ng %inh g"uc2sU c> nh>% ch1c an;ehit- c> thK ;lng %^t t*2ng Aa 6h0n 1ng h>a hc+T*2ng c5c 6h0n 1ng sau - 6h0n 1ng n72 (hIn" ch1ng %inh c nh>% ch1c an;ehit ca g"uc2sU Y+ )ih>a g"uc2sU Azng YgE 3EH3 + r+ )ih>a g"uc2sU Azng Cu' H)2 un n>ng+ C+ Ln %en g"uc2sU Azng )~c t5c ensi%+ D+ Nha g"uc2sU Azng H2 Ei- t2+ C$% <6: Nh@i "ng HZt ta ]ng 'p) 2)it t?2 th7nhHhi un n>ng ;ung ;<ch h}n h6 ch1a ga% g"uc2s B7 "ng ; ]ng 'pp) hi;*2)it t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% "7 Aa2 nhiu ga% Y+ P-44 ga% r+ 3-RF ga% C+ f-2F ga% D+ P4-4 ga%+ C$% <<: /h5t AiKu n72 ;Ji :y B3 a%in2a)it "7 (hIn" ~ng Y+ Y%in2a)it "7 h6 chXt hTu cU t?6 ch1c - 6h:n ta ch1a ]ng thi nh>% a%in2 B7 nh>% cacA2)i" + r+ H6 chXt H2EC H "7 a%in2a)it Un gi0n nhXt + C+ Y%in2a)it ng27i ;?ng 6h:n ta 'H2E,C H) cIn c> ;?ng i2n "ong c[c ' H3E.,C & ) + D+ Thng thng - ;?ng i2n "ong c[c "7 ;?ng t]n t?i chCnh ca a%in2a)it + C$% <=: Ch2 $a%in2a)it %?ch th`ng Y c> cng th1c H2E,'C H)2 6h0n 1ng hZtBJi F-P %2" Ea H t?2 -!! ga% %u@i + Y "7 chXt n72 sau :y Y+ Y)it 2$a%in26*26ani2ic+ r+ Y)it 2$a%in2Autan;i2ic C+ Y)it 2$a%in26entan;i2ic D+ Y)it 2$a%in2he)an;i2ic+ C$% <@: T*2ng 4 62"i%e ;Ji :y- 62"i%e n72 clng "2?i BJi ca2 su runa Y+ /2"iBiny"c"2*ua r+ Eh[a 6hen2"V2%an;ehit C+ /2"iBiny"a)etat D+ TU "a6san C$% <A: Hmy chn 56 5n ~ng : /2"iBiny"anc2" "7 : Y+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng t*lng h6 CH2#CH$ H+ r+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng c^ng nJc B72 a)eti"en+ C+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng thy 6h:n 62"iBiny"a)etat t*2ng %i t*ng Hi3% + D+ q0n 6ht% ca 6h0n 1ng giTa a)it a)etic BJi a)eti"en + C$% =<: Ch2 H sU ] :
2

.Y

t*lng h6

.Ea H

P3

Este Quang Duy

CH CH S | E . (+ "7 : Y+ /2"iBiny"anc2" r+ 62"i%ety"Biny" C+ /2"iBiny"a)etat D+ /2"i%ety" Biny"at C$% =@: =@t ch5y h27n t27n P-{F ga% %^t h6 chXt hTu cU S thu c 3-R ga% C 2 B7 2-PR ga% H2 + TW Hh@i hUi ca S s2 BJi Hhng HhC Azng 2-FR + S t5c ;Dng c BJi Ea - A< 2)i h>a Aii 2)i Hhi c> Cu )~c t5c t?2 *a an;ehit + Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca S "7 cng th1c n72 Y+ n$C3Hf H r+ C3H! H C+ C3H{ 2 D+ is2$C3Hf H+ C$% B: 1+t ch5y h27n t27n h}n h6 2 a%in n2 Un ch1c ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 - thu c Cn 2 : # P : 2 + Hai a%in c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 : Y+ C2H!EH2 B7 C3HfEH2 + r+ CH3 EH2 B7 C2H!EH2 . C+ C3HfEH2 B7 C4HEH2 + D+ C4HEH2 B7 C!HPPEH2 + C$% 44: Ch2 6h0n 1ng : r* N H C2H! H 2 CH3& C&CH2&CH3 t CH3 S5c <nh s0n 6ht% chCnh ca 6h0n 1ng t*n + Y+ CH2#C&CH2&CH3 r. CH3&C#CH&CH3 CH3 CH 3 H C+ CH3&CH&CH#CH2 D+ CH3&CH2&C&CH3 CH3 CH 3 C$% 46: ,u B7 a%in n72 sau :y clng A9c Y+ 'CH3)3C H B7 'CH3)3CEH2 + r+ 'CH3)2CH H B7 'CH3)2 CHEH2+ C+ 'CH3)2CH H B7 CH3CH2EHCH3. D+ C2H!CH2 H B7 'CH3)2ECH3+ C$% 4>: KhIn" "7% chuyKn %7u giXy vu t*ung tCnh "7 ;ung ;<ch nJc ca chXt n72 sau :y Y+ Y)it ac*y"ic+ r+ Y)it a;i6ic+ C+ a)it a%in2 a)etic+ D+ a)it g"uta%ic C$% 4?: Ch2 sU ] :
. C"2 . H2 . Cu . Yg2

H n2

S | T ( ' a)it ac*y"ic) C5c chXt S B7 c> thK "7 nhTng chXt c ghi i ;my n72 sau :y Y+ C3H{ B7 CH3$CH2$CH2$ H+ r+ C2HR B7 CH2#CH$CH + r+ C3HR B7 CH2#CH$CH + D+ C3HR B7 CH2#CH$CH2 H+ C$% 4@: C5c hiOn tng n72 sau :y % t0 (hIn" chCnh )5c Y+ Eh~ng vu tC% B72 ;ung ;<ch ety"a%in thXy vu tC% chuyKn %7u )anh + r+ Th% B7i git 6hen2"6htha"ein B7 ;ung ;<ch ;i%ety"a%in thXy )uXt hiOn %7u )anh+ C+ /h0n 1ng giTa HhC %ety"a%in B7 hi;*2c"2*ua "7% )uXt hiOn Hh>i t*hng + D+ Ehg B7i git nJc A*2% B72 @ng nghiO% [ng ;ung ;<ch ani"in thXy c> HZt ta t*hng + 4. Ch2 c5c 6h0n 1ng: CRH!EH3C" . 'CH3)2EH 'CH3)2EH2C" . CRH!EH2 'p) 'CH3)2EH2C" . EH3 EH4C" . 'CH3)2EH 'pp) T*2ng > 6h0n 1ng t[ )0y *a "7 Y+ 'p)+ r+ 'pp)+ C+ 'p)- 'pp)+ D+ Hhng c>+ 6. Hai anHen c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C3HR B7 C4H{ Hhi 6h0n 1ng BJi Hr* thu c 3 s0n 6ht%- B9y 2 anHen > "7 Y+ )ic"26*26an B7 Aut$P$en+ r+ 6*26en B7 Aut$P$en+ C+ 6*26en B7 Aut$2$en+ D+ 6*26en B7 %ety" 6*26en+ <. =un n>ng %^t *u S BJi H2q 4 Qc "7% )~c t5c i nhiOt ^ thCch h6 thu c %^t 2"eVin ;uy nhXt+ Cng th1c txng vu5t ca S "7 'BJi n w F- nguyn) Y+ CnH2n.P H+ r+ , H+ C+ CnH2n.PCH2 H+ D+ CnH2n.2 + =. Nhi @t ch5y %^t *u Un ch1c 'S) thu c C 2 B7 hUi nJc the2 tW "O thK tCch 8C 2 : 8H2 = 4 : !+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7 Y+ C4HPF 2+ r+ C3HR + C+ C4HPF + D+ C!HP2 +
P4

Este Quang Duy

>. Cng th1c Un gi0n nhXt ca anehit n2- %?ch hi S "7 C2H3 + S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 Y+ C2H3 + r+ C4HR 2+ C+ C{HP2 4+ D+ CP2HP{ R+ ?. Ch2 sU ] 6h0n 1ng sau: + Ea H + C"2 - !FF2 C + Cu - t 2 /*26i"en S | 6*26ena"+ Tn gi ca | "7 Y+ 6*26an2"+ r+ 6*26en2"+ C+ a)et2n+ D+ a)it 6*26i2nic+ @. Ch2 6h0n 1ng:

CH2CH2r*

. Ea H (lo ng)
r*
Cng th1c cXu t?2 ca | "7:

H2 t2

| . Ear*

CH2CH2 H

CH2CH2r*

CH2CH2 H

CH2CH2 H

Y+
r*

r+
H

C+
H

D+
Ea

A. P %2" a%in2a)it | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi P %2" HC"+ F-! %2" | t5c ;Dng B4a BJi P %2" Ea H+ /h:n ta Hh@i ca | "7 P4f BC+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca | "7 Y+ C!HE 4+ r+ C4HfE2 4+ C+ C!HfE 4+ D+ CfHPF 4E2+ B. TCnh chXt Qc t*ng ca sacca*2sU "7 P+ tha% gia 6h0n 1ng hi*2 h25 2+ chXt *hn HZt tinh- Hhng %7u 3+ Hhi thuk 6h:n t?2 *a g"uc2sU B7 V*uct2sU 4+ tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng !+ 6h0n 1ng BJi ]ng 'pp) hi*2)it+ EhTng tCnh chXt n72 ~ng Y+ 3- 4- !+ r+ P- 2- 3- !+ C+ P- 2- 3- 4+ D+ 2- 3- !+ 4C. *uct2sU Hhng 6h0n 1ng BJi chXt n72 sau :y Y+ Dung ;<ch r*2+ r+ H2 Ei- t2+ C+ Cu' H)2 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch Ea H+ D+ Dung ;<ch YgE 3 t*2ng EH3+ 44. Nhi c"2 h25 /8C thu c %^t "2?i tU c"2*in ch1a RR-Ry c"2 the2 Hh@i "ng+ q@ %ht )Cch t*ung AGnh ca /8C t5c ;Dng BJi %^t 6h:n ta c"2 "7 Y+ P- !+ r+ 3+ C+ 2+ D+ 2-!+ 46. Chn 6h0n 1ng sai Y+ /hen2" . ;ung ;<ch A*2% Y)it 6ic*ic . a)it A*2%hi*ic+ t2 r+ ,u Aensy"ic . ]ng 'pp) 2)it Ynehit Aens2ic . ]ng . nJc+
t C+ /*26an2"$2 . ]ng 'pp) 2)it Y)et2n . ]ng . nJc+ D+ Eti"en g"yc2" . ]ng 'pp) hi*2)it Dung ;<ch %7u )anh th% . nJc+ 4<. =@t ch5y h27n t27n 2-R ga% h}n h6 'S) g]% 2 anehit n2- %?ch hi c> clng s@ nguyn ta c5cA2n t*2ng 6h:n ta thu c F-P2 %2" C 2 B7 F-P %2" H2 + Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca 2 anehit "7 Y+ C4H{ - C4HR 2+r+ C3HR - C3H4 2+ C+ C!HPF - C!H{ 2+ D+ C4HR 2- C4H4 3+ 4=. =K nh9n AiZt 3 " %Xt nhmn: 6hen2"- sti*en- *u Aensy"ic- ngi ta ;lng %^t thu@c tha ;uy nhXt "7 Y+ nat*i+ r+ nJc A*2%+ C+ ;; Ea H+ D+ Ca' H)2+ 4>. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 S g]% hai anehit n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi c F-4 %2" C 2+ Qt Hh5c hi*2 h25 h27n t27n clng "ng h}n h6 S i t*n c_n F-2 %2" H 2 thu c h}n h6 hai *u+ =@t ch5y h27n t27n "ng h}n h6 hai *u t*n thG s@ %2" H2 thu c "7 Y+ F-4 %2"+ r+ F-R %2"+ C+ F-{ %2"+ D+ F-3 %2"+
2

P!

Este Quang Duy

4?. =@t ch5y h27n t27n h}n h6 g]% P anHan B7 P anHen+ Ch2 s0n 6ht% ch5y "_n "t i vua AGnh P [ng / 2 ! ; B7 AGnh 2 [ng N H *hn- ;- sau thC nghiO% thXy Hh@i "ng AGnh P tnng 4-P4 ga% AGnh 2 tnng R-PR ga%+ q@ %2" anHan c> t*2ng h}n h6 "7 Y+ F-FR %2"+ r+ F-F %2"+ C+ F-F3 %2"+ D+ F-F4! %2"+ 4@. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 2 *u ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 thu c F-RR ga% C 2 B7 F-4! ga% H2 + EZu tiZn h7nh 2)i h>a % ga% h}n h6 *u t*n Azng Cu - s0n 6ht% t?2 th7nh ch2 t5c ;Dng BJi YgE 3 EH3 ; s thu c "ng HZt ta Yg "7 Y+ PF-{ ga%+ r+ 3-24 ga%+ C+ 2-PR ga%+ D+ P-R2 ga%+ 4A. =@t ch5y h27n t27n !-{ ga% %^t a)it cacA2)y"ic %?ch th`ng thu c F-2 %2" C 2 B7 F-P%2" H2 + Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca a)it > "7 Y+ C2H4 2+ r+ C3H4 4+ C+ C4H4 4+ D+ CRHR R+ 4B. }i anHan c> cng th1c t*2ng ;my sau s t]n t?i %^t ]ng 6h:n t5c ;Dng BJi c"2 the2 tW "O P : P t?2 *a %2n2c"2*2anHan ;uy nhXt Y+ C2HR C3H{ C4HPF CRHP4+ r+ C2HR C!HP2 C{HP{+ C+ C3H{ CRHP4 C4HPF+ D+ C2HR C!HP2 CRHP4+ 6C. Ch2 sU ] chuyKn h25 sau: r*2 + Ea H Cu Cu' H )2 + 2Ea H C2H4 SP S2 S3 S4 + H 2q 4 H CC H S3- S4 "_n "t "7 Y+ HCCH2 H- Ea CCH2 H+ r+ HCCH - CuC2 4+ C+ HCCH - Ea CC Ea+ D+ H CH2CH2 H- HCCH + 64. Nhi ch2 CRHP4 t5c ;Dng BJi c"2 'chiZu s5ng) t?2 *a t@i a ! s0n 6ht% ]ng 6h:n ch1a %^t nguyn ta c"2+ Tn gi ca CRHP4 "7 Y+ 2-3$i%ety"Autan+ r+ 2$%ety"6entan+ C+ n$he)an+ D+ 3$%ety"6entan+ 66. C> Aa2 nhiu ]ng 6h:n anHin c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C!H{ Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ 6<. Ch2 3-!4{ "Ct hUi h}n h6 S 'i F 2C- P-2! at%) g]% 2 anHen "7 ]ng `ng "in tiZ6 B72 ;ung ;<ch nJc A*2% ; thXy Hh@i "ng AGnh [ng ;ung ;<ch A*2% tnng PF-! ga%+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca 2 anHen "7 Y+ C3HR B7 C4H{+ r+ C2H4 B7 C3HR+ C+ C4H{ B7 C!HPF+ D+ C!HPF B7 CRHP2+ 6=. ps26*en c> thK t?2 *a Aa2 nhiu g@c hi*2cacA2n h>a t*< %^t Y+ 2+ r+ 3+ C+ 4+ D+ !+ 6>. Ch2 hi*2cacA2n S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta C fH{+ Ch2 4-R ga% S t5c ;Dng BJi "ng ; YgE 3 t*2ng ;ung ;<ch EH3 thu c P!-3 ga% HZt ta+ S c> t@i a Aa2 nhiu cng th1c cXu t?2 Y+ 3+ r+ 4+ C+ !+ D+ R+ 6?. =^ "inh ^ng ca nguyn ta hi*2 t*2ng nh>% H ca c5c chXt: H 2 - C2H! H- CRH! H AiZn xi the2 vuy "u9t n72 sau :y Y+ H2 w C2H! H w CRH! H+ r+ C2H! H w H2 w CRH! H+ C+ CRH! H w H2 w C2H! H+ D+ C2H! H w CRH! H w H2 + 6@. Ch2 P!-2 ga% h}n h6 g]% g"i)e*in B7 anc2" Un ch1c S B72 Ea ; thu c 4-4{ "Ct H 2 'Htc)+ Lng H2 ;2 S sinh *a Azng P3 "ng H2 ;2 g"i)e*in sinh *a+ S c> cng th1c "7 Y+ C3Hf H+ r+ C2H! H+ C+ C3H! H+ D+ C4H H+ 6A. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 S g]% 2 *u HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng thu c R-f2 "Ct C 2 'i Htc) B7 f-R! ga% H2 + Qt Hh5c nZu ch2 % ga% S t5c ;Dng hZt BJi Ea thG thu c 2-{ "Ct H 2 'i Htc)+ Cng th1c ca 2 *u "7 Y+ C2H! H B7 C3Hf H+ r+ C3H!' H)3 B7 C4Hf' H)3+ C+ C2H4' H)2 B7 C3HR' H)2+ D+ C3HR' H)2 B7 C4H{' H)2+ 6B. ,u S c> cng th1c 6h:n ta "7 C!HP2 + =un S BJi H2q 4 Qc i PfF2C Hhng thu c anHen+ Tn gi ca S "7 Y+ 6entan2"+ r+ 6entan2"$2+ C+ 2-2$i%ety"6*26an2"$P+ D+ 2$%ety"Autan2"$2+
PR

Este Quang Duy

<C. Ch2 2-32 ga% %^t anehit tha% gia 6h0n 1ng t*5ng gUng h27n t27n BJi ;ung ;<ch YgE 3 't*2ng EH3) ; thu c Pf-2{ ga% Yg+ 89y thK tCch HhC H2 'i Htct) t@i a c_n ;lng K 6h0n 1ng hZt BJi 2- ga% S "7 Y+ P-P2 "Ct+ r+ 3-3R "Ct+ C+ 2-24 "Ct+ D+ R-f2 "Ct+ <4. T4 HhC thin nhin- c5c chXt B cU B7 i3u HiOn c_n thiZt K i3u chZ nh[a 6hen2"V2%anehit c_n ;lng t@i thiKu Aa2 nhiu 6hUng t*Gnh 6h0n 1ng Y+ 4+ r+ !+ C+ R+ D+ f+ <6. Cng th1c 6h:n ta CH{ 2 c> Aa2 nhiu ]ng 6h:n a)it "7 ;n )uXt ca Aensen- "7% %Xt %7u ;ung ;<ch nJc A*2% 'HK c0 ]ng 6h:n hGnh hc) Y+ !+ r+ R+ C+ f+ D+ {+ <<. =@t ch5y h27n t27n % ga% %^t a)it n2- %?ch hi- hai "_n a)it S thu c R-f2 "Ct C 2 'i Htc) B7 4-! ga% H2 + Cng th1c ca S "7 Y+ C2H4'C H)2+ r+ C4H{'C H)2+ C+ C3HR'C H)2+ D+ C!HPF'C H)2+ <=. Ch2 PFF %" ;ung ;<ch a%in2a)it S n]ng ^ F-3 6h0n 1ng B4a BJi 4{ %" ;ung ;<ch Ea H P-2!- sau > c c?n thG thu c !-3P ga% %u@i Hhan+ S c> cng th1c n72 sau :y Y+ H2ECH'C H)2+ r+ H2EC2H4C H+ C+ 'H2E)2CHC H+ D+ H2EC2H3'C H)2+ <>. Ch2 c5c h6 chXt: P+ CRH!EH2 2+ C2H!EH2 3+ 'CRH!)2EH 4+ 'C2H!)2EH !+ EH3+ TCnh AasU ca ch~ng AiZn xi the2 vuy "u9t n72 sau :y Y+ P w 3 w ! w 4 w 2+ r+ 2 w P w ! w 3 w 4+ C+ 4 w 2 w ! w P w 3+ D+ ! w 2 w 4 w P w 3+ <?. Ch2 c5c chXt "gng: a)it a)etic- a)it ac*y"ic- ety"a)etat- Biny"6*26i2nat- a"y"V2%iat [ng t*2ng c5c " Hh5c nhau+ Dlng c5c h>a chXt n72 sau :y K nh9n AiZt c tXt c0 c5c chXt t*n Y+ ;; YgE 3EH3 ;; r*2+ r+ ;; YgE 3EH3 vu tC%- ;; r*2+ C+ ;; YgE 3EH3 vu tC% Cu' H)2+ D+ vu tC% Cu' H)2+ <@. Ln %en 22-! ga% g"uc2sU "7% *u ety"ic- hiOu vu0 vu5 t*Gnh "n %en "7 {Fy+ Nh@i "ng *u thu c "7 Y+ 4-R ga%+ r+ -2 ga%+ C+ 2-3 ga%+ D+ R- ga%+ <A. Da nh:n t?2 '/8C) c i3u chZ t4 HhC thin nhin the2 sU ]: CH4 C2H2 CH2#CHC" CH2CHC"n+ EZu hiOu suXt ca t27n A^ vu5 t*Gnh i3u chZ "7 2Fy- %u@n i3u chZ c P tXn /8C thG thK tCch HhC thin nhin 'ch1a {Fy %etan) i i3u HiOn tiu chutn c_n ;lng "7 Y+ 43f! %3+ r+ 44!F %3+ C+ 44{F %3+ D+ R{f! %3+ <B. C> ! chXt "gng [ng t*2ng ! " %Xt nhmn: P+ Aensen- 2+ a)it a)etic- 3+ a)it ac*y"ic- 4+ *u ety"ic- g"i)e*in+ EZu chW ;lng c5c h>a chXt sau :y: vu tC%- nJc A*2%- Cu' H)2 i i3u HiOn thng thG c> thK nh9n AiZt c nhTng chXt n72 Y+ TXt c0+ r+ 3- 4- !+ C+ P- 3- 4+ D+ 2- 3 !+ 1JI CKLMN 0O HPD HQH CL C$% 4. YnHan S c> cng th1c cXu t?2 : Tn gi ca S "7 Y+ 2is26*26y"Autan C+ 2-3i%ety"6entan Y+ 3-4i%ety"6entPen C+ 3-4i%ety"6ent2en r+ 3is26*26y"Autan D+ 3-4i%ety"6entan r+ 2-3i%ety"6ent4en D+ 2-3i%ety"6entPen
Pf

C$% 6 : H6 chXt CH3CH'CH3)CH'CH3)CH#CH2 c> tn gi "7

C$% < : T*ng h6 n72 sau :y c> cng th1c cXu t?2 (hIn" ~ng BJi tn gi m ch2

Este Quang Duy

D.

CH3CHCH2CH2CH3 CH3 Isopentan CH3 CH3CHCH3 CH3 neopentan

E.

CH2CH3 CH3CHCHCH2CH3 CH3 3-etyl-2-metylpentan CH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 3,3- etylpentan

C.

F.

C$% = : H6 chXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c C 4Hr*+ =un h}n h6 g]% S- N H B7 anc2" ety"ic thXy chW t?2 *a AutP en+ Tn gi ca S "7 Y+ PA*2%Autan C+ PA*2F2%ety"6*26an Y+ %ety" ac*y"at C+ Biny" V2%at C$% ? : Y%in 'CH3)2CH$EH$CH3 c> tn gi "7 Y+ E$%ety"6*26an$2$a%in C+ %ety"6*26y"a%in Y+ 6*26an$2$a%in C+ %ety"ety"a%in Y+ a)it 2$a%in26*26an2ic C+ a)it $a%in26*26an2ic Y+ 2$c"26*26an C+ 6*26y"c"2*ua C$% 4 C : Tn gi ca CRH!$EH$CH3 "7 D. %ety"6heny"a%in+ C. E$%ety"Aensena%in+ E. E$%ety"ani"in+ F. c0 D- E- C 3u ~ng+ r+ E$%ety"is26*26y"a%in D+ E$%ety"$2$%ety"etana%in r+ ety" %ety" a%in D+ ety"%ety"a%in H r+ a)it $a%in26*26i2nic D+ a"anin r+ 6*26y" c"2*ua D+ 2$c"2 6*26an r+ 2A*2%Autan D+ 2A*2F2%ety"6*26an r+ Biny" a)etat D+ an"y" V2%at

C$% > : H6 chXt hTu cU S c> cng th1c cXu t?2 : CH2#CH C CH3+ Tn gi ca S "7

C$% @ : Y%in CH3$EH$C2H! c> tn gi g@c $ ch1c "7

C$% A : Tn gi n72 sau :y (hIn" ~ng BJi chXt c> cng th1c CH3CH'EH2)C

C$% B : Tn thay thZ ca chXt c> cXu t?2 CH3CHC"CH3 "7

C$% 44 : Tn gi ca chXt CH3 & CH & CH & CH3 "7 C2H! CH3 D. 2$ety"$3$%ety"Autan+ C. 2-3$i%ety"6entan+ F. 2-3$i%ety"Autan+ C$% 46 : Tn gi ca chXt hTu cU S c> CTCT : E. 3$ety"$2$%ety"Autan+

P{

Este Quang Duy C2H5 !

CH3 C CH2 CH CH 2 CH3 ! ! CH3 CH3

L7 : Y+ 2$%ety"$2-4$iety"he)an r+ 2-4$iety"$2$%ety"he)an Y+ CH2 # C # CH$CH3 C+ CH2$CH$CH2 $CH # CH2 C+ !$ety"$3-3$i%ety"he6tan D+ 3$ety"$!-!$i%ety"he6tan r+ CH2 # CH$CH # CH2 D+ CH2 # CH $ CH # CH $ CH3

C$% 4< : T*2ng cgc chXt ;Ji :y- chXt n72 c gi tn "7 iBiny"

CH3 ! CH C C CH c~ tn "7 go C$% 4= : ChXt 3 ! CH3

Y+ 2-2$i%ety"Aut$P$in C+ 3-3$i%ey"Aut$P$in r+ 2-2$i%ey"Aut$3$in D+ 3-3$i%ey"Aut$2$in

C$% 4> : ChXt

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

c~ tn "7 go

CH2

CH3 CH3
r+ P$Auty"$4$ety"$3$%ety"Aensen+ D+ 4$Auty"$P$ety"$2$%ety"Aensen+

Y+ P$Auty"$3$%ety"$4$ety"Aensen+ C+ P$ety"$2$%ety"$4$Auty"Aensen+ C$% 4? : ChXt

CH 3 CH CH 2 COOH ! c~ tn "7 : CH3

r+ Y)it 2$%ety"Autan2ic D+ Y)it 3$%ety"Autan2ic+

Y+ Y)it 2$%ety"6*26an2ic C+ Y)it 3$%ety"Auta$P$2ic

C$% 4@ : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6h56 thay thZ

OHC -CH 2 - CH -CH 2 - CH " CH - CHO ! CH3

Y+ !$%ety"he6$2$en$P-f$;ia" C+ 3$%ety"he6$!$en$P-f$;ia" r+ is2$2cten$!$;ia" D+ is2$2cten$2$;ia"

C$% 4A : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6h56 thay thZ :

Este Quang Duy

CH3 - CH CH 2 - CH - COOH ! ! C2H5 C2H5

Y+ 2-4$iety"6entan2ic r+ 2$%ety"$4$ety"he)an2ic C+ 2$ety"$4$%ety"he)an2ic D+ 4$%ety"$2$ety"he)an2ic C$% 4B : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6hg6 g@c & ch1c+

CH3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N CH 2 CH3 ! CH3

Y+ Ety"%ety"a%in2Autan r+ ety"%ety"Auty"a%in C+ Auty"ety"%ety"a%in D+ %ety"ety"Auty"a%in

C$% 6C : (i tn h6 chXt c> CTCT nh sau the2 ;anh 6h56 thng thng :

Y+ P$a%in2$3$%ety" Aensen+ r+ %$%ety"ani"in+

C+ %$t2"u;in+ D+ C0 r- C+

C$% 64 EhTng 6h:n ta n72 sau :y c> thK c> 6h0n 1ng t*lng h6: P+ CH 2#CH2 2+ CH CH 3+ CH2#CHC" 4+ CH3$ CH3 Y+ P- 3+ r+ 3- 2+ C+ P- 2- 3- 4+ D+ P- 2- 3 C$% 66: H6 chXt Un ch1c: Y+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> %^t "2?i nh>% ch1c+ r+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c clng "2?i t*i "n+ C+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t nh>% ch1c+ D+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t "2?i nh>% ch1c B7 c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c t*i "n+ C:u 23 =]ng 6h:n : Y+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU Hh5c nhau B3 s[ 6h:n A@ c5c nguyn ta t*2ng Hhng gian+ r+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU c> clng cng th1c txng vu5t nhng Hh5c nhau B3 cng th1c cXu t?2+ C+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU c> clng cng th1c 6h:n ta nhng Hh5c nhau cng th1c cXu t?2 nn tCnh chXt Hh5c nhau+ D+ L7 nhTng chXt c> cXu t?2 tUng t[ nhau nhng th7nh 6h_n 6h:n ta hUn H\% nhau %^t hay nhi3u nh>% '$ CH2$)+ C$% 6= H6 chXt a ch1c: Y+ L7 nhTng chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c clng "2?i t*i "n+ r+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t "2?i nh>% ch1c BJi s@ "ng nh>% t4 hai t*i "n+ C+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c Hh5c "2?i t*i "n+
2F

Este Quang Duy

D+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU chW c> %^t nh>% ch1c+ C$% 6> H6 chXt t?6 ch1c: Y+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai "2?i nh>% ch1c t*i "n+ r+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> t4 hai nh>% ch1c t*i "n+ C+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> nhi3u nh>% ch1c+ D+ L7 h6 chXt hTu cU c> hai nh>% ch1c+ C$% 6? H6 chXt a ch1c B7 h6 chXt t?6 ch1c gi@ng nhau i ch}: Y+ =3u "7 h6 chXt c> nhi3u nh>% ch1c+ C+ /h:n ta "un c> "in HZt + Y+ 'P) w '2) w '3) w '4) Y+ 'P)- '3)- '2) Y+ 'P ) w '2) w '3) w '4) C+ '4) w 'P) w '3) w '2) '3)- CH3C CH3 '4)- CH3CH2CH2 H '!) r+ 'P ) w '3) w '4) w '!) w '2) D+ '3) w 'P) w '!) w '4) w '2)
2 2

r+ =3u "7 h6 chXt ch1a c5c nh>% ch1c gi@ng nhau+ D+ ?ch cacA2n t*2ng 6h:n ta c> "in HZt +

C$% 6@ EhiOt ^ si ca anc2" ety"ic 'P)- anc2" %ety"ic '2)- a)et2n '3) ;i%ety" ete '4) )Z6 the2 t*9t t[ gi0% ;_n "7: r+ 'P) w '2) w '4) w '3) C+ 'P) w '3) w '4) w '2) D+ '4) w '3) w '2) w 'P) r+ 'P)- '2)- '3) C+ '3)- '2)- 'P) r+ '4) w '3) w '2) w 'P ) D+ 'P) w '2) w '3) w '4) H 'P)- HC CH3 '2)- CH3CH2C H D+ '2)- 'P)- '3) C$% 6A Ync2" ety"ic 'P)- ety" A*2%ua '2) B7 etan '3)- t*9t t[ B3 ^ tan t*2ng nJc gi0% ;_n "7: C$% 6B q2 s5nh nhiOt ^ si ca c5c chXt sau anc2" ety"ic 'P) - ety" c"2*ua '2)- iety" ete '3) B7 a)it a)etic '4) ta c>:

C$% <C qh6 )Z6 c5c chXt sau :y the2 t*Gnh t[ tnng ;_n nhiOt ^ si: CH 3C Y+ '3) w '!) w 'P ) w '2) w '4) C+ '3) w 'P) w '4) w '!) w '2) Y+ C> "in HZt hi*2 giTa c5c 6h:n ta an;ehyt+ C+ Lin HZt #C# t*2ng & CH A< 6h:n c[c+ hi*2+ C$% <6 qh6 )Z6 c5c h6 chXt: CH 3C :y ~ng Y+ C2H! H CH3C C+ CH3C H C RH ! H r+ CRH! H CH3C D+ C2H! H CRH! H CH3C

C$% <4 Ynehit a)etic c> nhiOt ^ si thX6 't q # 2P C) > "7 BG : r+ Ynehit a)etic c> Hh@i "ng 6h:n ta nhg+ D+ Ynehit a)etic c> 6h:n ta Hh@i thX6 B7 Hhng c> "in HZt

H- C2H! H B7 CRH! H the2 th1 t[ tCnh a)it tnng ;_n+ T*ng h6 n72 sau H C2H! H H

H CRH! H C2H! H

=C. Ch2 c5c 6h0n 1ng: CRH!EH3C" . 'CH3)2EH 'CH3)2EH2C" . CRH!EH2 'p) 'CH3)2EH2C" . EH3 EH4C" . 'CH3)2EH 'pp) T*2ng > 6h0n 1ng t[ )0y *a "7 Y+ 'p)+ r+ 'pp)+ C+ 'p)- 'pp)+ D+ Hhng c>+

ERI TSP :TT SU PHKLMN PHVP CHHMN NIWI ERI TXVM HPD HYC HQH CL
2P

Este Quang Duy

EZi 4. ^t h}n h6 hUi g]% C)Hy B7 EH3 c> txng thK tCch "7 ! "it+ =@t h27n t27n hh n7y Azng P2 "it c P{ "it hh HhC E2- C Y+ C2H4
2

;+qau 61 thu

- H2 -

+ Egng tD h27n t27n hUi nJc cIn "?i PF "Ct HhC+ Ch2 PF "Ct HhC n7y vua N H ; cIn C+ C3HR D+ C4HR CH3) *]i ch2

"?i { "Ct HhC+ Cng th1 C)Hy "7+ r+ CH4 EZi 6+ =@t ch5y h27n t27n F-2 %2" h}n h6 Y g]% 'CH2#CHCH2 H C2H!CH CH3C CH3 CH3C Y+ !-4 r+ P3-2 C+3f-2 D+ P{-R

t27n A^ s0n 6ht% ch5y hX6 thD hZt B72 AGnh [ng Ca + Nh@i "ng AGnh [ng Ca tnng "n Aa2 nhiu ga% r7i 3+ =un n>ng h}n h6 HhC S g]% C2H2 B7 H2 BJi )~c t5c Ei- sau %^t thi gian thu c h}n h6 HhC |+ Dn t27n A^ h}n h6 | "^i t4 t4 vua AGnh [ng ;ung ;<ch A*2% ';) thXy Hh@i "ng AGnh r* 2 tnng P-32 ga% B7 cIn "?i F-44{ "Ct h}n h6 HhC 'i Htc) c> tW Hh@i s2 BJi H2 "7 {+ Nh@i "ng ca h}n h6 S "7: Y+ P-R{ ga% r+ P-{f ga% C+ P- {R ga% D+ P-R4 ga% EZi =+ Nhi c*acHinh h27n t27n %^t thK tCch anHan S thu c Aa thK tCch h}n h6 | 'c5c thK tCch HhC 2 i clng i3u HiOn nhiOt ^ B7 56 suXt) tW Hh@i ca | s2 BJi H2 Azng P2+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca S "7 D. CRHP4+ E. C3H{+ C. C4HPF+ F. C!HP2+ EZi >+ =un n>ng h}n h6 g]% hai *u 'anc2") Un ch1c- %?ch hi- HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng BJi H2q 4 Qc i P4F2C+ qau Hhi c5c 6h0n 1ng HZt th~c- thu c R ga% h}n h6 g]% Aa ete B7 P-{ ga% nJc+ Cng th1c 6h:n ta ca hai *u t*n "7 D. CH3 H B7 C2H! H+ C. C3H! H B7 C4Hf H+ E. C2H! H B7 C3Hf H+ F. C3Hf H B7 C4H H+

EZi ?+ Hi*2 h25 h27n t27n % ga% h}n h6 S g]% hai anehit n2- Un ch1c- %?ch hi- HZ tiZ6 nhau t*2ng ;my ]ng `ng thu c '% . P) ga% h}n h6 hai anc2"+ Qt Hh5c- Hhi @t ch5y h27n t27n cng % ga% S thG c_n B4a Pf-2 "Ct HhC 2 'i Htc)+ (i5 t*< ca % "7 D. Pf-{+ %u@i+ TCnh 8 Y+PP2 %" r+ 224 %" C+ 33R %" D+ 44{ %" E. 24-{+ C. PF-!+ F. {-{+ EZi @+ Ch2 P-24 ga% h}n h6 4 *u Un ch1c t5c ;Dng B4a BJi Ea thXy th25t *a 8 %" H2 'Htc) B7 4[BC ga%

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