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B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V AMIN I. Phn ng th hin tnh baz ca amin Phng php gii Mt s iu cn lu v tnh baz ca amin :
+ Cc amin u phn ng c vi cc dung dch axit nh HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, CH3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH. Bn cht ca phn ng l nhm chc amin phn ng vi ion H + to ra mui amoni.
NH2

+ H + NH 3+

(Phn ng xy ra tng t vi amin bc 2 v bc 3). + Cc amin no cn phn ng c vi dung dch mui ca mt s kim loi to hiroxit kt ta. V d : NH 2 + Fe3+ + 3H2O NH 3+ + Fe(OH)3 (Phn ng xy ra tng t vi amin bc 2 v bc 3). Phng php gii bi tp v amin ch yu l s dng nh lut bo ton khi lng. i vi cc amin cha bit s nhm chc th lp t l T =

nH xc nh s nhm chc amin. na min

+

Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: X l hp cht hu c cha C, H, N ; trong nit chim 15,054% v kh i lng. X tc dng vi HCl t o ra mu i c dng RNH3Cl. Cng thc ca X l : A. CH3C6H4NH2. B. C6H5NH2. C. C6H5CH2NH2. D. C2H5C6H4NH2. Hng dn gii V X tc dng vi dung dch HCl t o ra mu i c dng RNH3Cl nn suy ra X c dng RNH2. Trong X nit chim 15,05% v kh i lng nn ta c :
14 .100 = 15, 05 R = 77 R la C6 H 5 . R + 16 Cng thc ca X l C6H5NH2. p n B.

V d 2: Thnh phn % kh i lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c X (CxHyN) l 23,73%. S ng phn ca X phn ng vi HCl to ra mu i c cng thc dng RNH3Cl l : A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1. Hng dn gii T gi thit suy ra :
x = 3 14 23, 73 = 12x + y = 45 CTPT cua a min la C3 H 9 N. 12x + y 100 23, 73 y = 9

V X phn ng vi HCl t o ra mu i c dng RNH3Cl nn phi l amin bc 1. C hai amin bc 1 l : CH3CH2CH2NH2 ; (CH3)2CHNH2. p n A.

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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V d 3: Amin X c phn t khi nh hn 80. Trong phn t X nit chim 19,18% v kh i lng. S ng phn cu to ca X tc dng vi HCl to mu i amoni c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh l : A. 8. B. 2. C. 4. D. 5. Hng dn gii t CTPT ca amin X l CxHyNt , theo gi thit ta c :
x = 4 14t 19,18 = 12x + y = 59t y = 11 12x + y 100 19,18 t = 1 CTPT ca amin X l C4H11N. S ng phn ca amin X l 8 : CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 (1); CH3CH2CHCH3 (2); CH3CHCH2NH2 (3); NH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 C NH2 (4); CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 (5); CH3CH2CH2NHCH3 (6); CH3 CH3CH NHCH3 (7); CH3CH2NCH3 (8) CH3 CH3 Trong 8 cht trn c cc cht (1), (2), (5), (6), (8) c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh nn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl s to ra mu i amoni c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. p n D.

V d 4: Cho 15 gam hn hp X g m cc amin anilin, metylamin, imetylamin, ietylmetylamin tc dng va vi 50 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi lng sn phm thu c c gi tr l : A. 16,825 gam. B. 20,18 gam. C. 21,123 gam. D. 15,925 gam. Hng dn gii Theo gi thit hn hp cc amin g m C6H5NH2, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (C2H5)2NCH3 u l cc amin n chc nn phn ng vi HCl theo t l mol 1 : 1. S phn ng : X + HCl mu i p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
m muoi = m amin + m HCl = 15 + 0,05.36, 5 = 16,825 gam.

p n A. V d 5: Hn hp X g m metylamin, etylamin v propylamin c tng kh i lng 21,6 gam l v t l v s mol l 1 : 2 : 1. Cho hn hp X trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch cha bao nhiu gam mu i ? A. 36,2 gam. B. 39,12 gam. C. 43,5 gam. D. 40,58 gam. Hng dn gii Hn hp X gm CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2. t s mol ca ba cht tng ng l x, 2x, x. Theo gi thit ta c : 31x + 2x.45 + 59.x = 21,6 x = 0,12. Tng s mol ca ba amin l 0,12 + 0,12.2 + 0,12 = 0,48 mol. Phng trnh phn ng : NH2 + HCl NH3Cl (1) mol: 0,48 0,48 0,48

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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p dng nh lut bo ton kh i lng ta c :

m muoi = m amin + m HCl = 21,6 + 0,48.36, 5 = 39,12 gam.

p n B. V d 6: Cho 0,14 mol mt amin n chc tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,1 mol H2SO4. Sau c cn dung dch thu c 14,14 gam hn hp 2 mui. Thnh phn phn trm v kh i lng m i mu i trong hn hp l : A. 67,35% v 32,65%. B. 44,90% v 55,10%. C. 53,06% v 46,94%. D. 54,74% v 45,26%. Hng dn gii p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
m muoi = m amin + m H2SO4 m amin = m muoi m H2SO4 = 14,14 0,1.98 = 4,34 M amin = 4,34 = 31 gam / mol A min la CH 3NH 2 . 0,14

Phng trnh phn ng : CH3NH2 + H2SO4 CH3NH3HSO4 mol: x x x 2CH3NH2 + H2SO4 (CH3NH3)2SO4 mol: y 0,5y 0,5y Theo (1), (2) v gi thit ta c :

(1) (2)

x + y = 0,14 x = 0,06 x + 0,5y = 0,1 y = 0,08 Thnh phn phn trm v kh i lng m i mu i trong hn hp l :

0,06.129 .100 = 54, 74%; 14,14 % ( CH 3NH 3 )2 SO 4 = (100 54,74)% = 45,26%. %CH 3 NH3 HSO 4 =

p n D. V d 7: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mu i. S ng phn cu t o ca X l : A. 5. B. 8. C. 7. D. 4. Hng dn gii p dng nh lut bo ton kh i lng ta c :

m HCl phan ng = m muoi m X = 5 gam nHCl =

V X l amin n chc nn suy ra :
n X = n HCl =

5 mol . 36,5

5 10 mol M X = = 73 gam / mol X la C 4 H11N. 5 36,5 36,5

Cc ng phn ca X l : CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 (1); CH3CH2CHCH3 (2); CH3CHCH2NH2 (3); NH2 CH3

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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CH3 CH3 C NH2 (4); CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 (5); CH3CH2CH2NHCH3 (6); CH3 CH3CH NHCH3 (7); CH3CH2NCH3 (8). CH3 CH3 p n B. V d 8: Trung ha hon ton 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh) bng axit HCl, to ra 17,64 gam mu i. Amin c cng thc l : A. H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2. B. CH3CH2CH2NH2. C. H2NCH2CH2NH2. D. H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2. Hng dn gii Phng trnh phn ng : NH2 + HCl NH3Cl (1) mol : x x x Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : 36,5x = 17,64 8,88 = 8,76 x = 0,24 8,88 16 = 21 (loi). Nu amin c dng l RNH2 th n RNH2 = n NH 2 = 0, 24 mol R = 0, 24 Nu amin c dng l R(NH2)2 th n R ( NH2 )2 =

8,88 1 16.2 = 42 . n NH 2 = 0,12 mol R = 2 0,12

R : C3H6 hay CH2CH2CH2 (v amin c mch C khng phn nhnh). Vy cng thc ca amin l H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2. p n D. V d 9: Cho 21,9 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch FeCl3 (d), thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. S ng phn cu t o bc 1 ca X l : A. 5. B. 8. C. 7. D. 4. Hng dn gii Phng trnh phn ng : 3 RNH 2 + Fe3+ + 3H2O 3 [RNH 3 ]+ + Fe(OH)3 (1)

mol: 0,1 Theo (1)v gi thit ta c :

nRNH2 = 3.n Fe(OH)3 = 3.

0,1

10,7 21,9 = 0,3 mol M RNH2 = = 73 gam / gam R = 57 (C 4 H 9 ). 107 0,3

S ng phn cu t o bc 1 ca X l 4 : CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 (1); CH3CH2CHCH3 (2); CH3CHCH2NH2 (3); NH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 C NH2 (4). CH3 p n D.

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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V d 10: phn ng ht 400 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,5M v FeCl3 0,8M cn bao nhiu gam hn hp gm metylamin v etylamin c t kh i so vi H2 l 17,25 ? A. 41,4 gam. B. 40,02 gam. C. 51,75 gam. D. 33,12 gam. Hng dn gii t CTPT trung bnh ca 2 amin l Cn H 2n +1NH 2 . Theo gi thit suy ra : 14 n + 17 = 2.17,25 n = 1,25 .

nH + = n HCl = 0,4.0,5 = 0,2 mol, n Fe3+ = nFeCl = 0,4.0,8 = 0,32 mol.

3

Phng trnh phn ng :

Cn H 2n +1NH 2 + H+

[Cn H2 n +1NH 3 ]+

(1)

mol:

0,2

0,2

3 Cn H 2n +1NH 2 + Fe3+ + 3H2O 3 [Cn H2 n +1NH 3 ]+ + Fe(OH)3 (2)

mol: 0,96 0,32 Theo (1), (2) v gi thit ta c :

nC H
n 2 n+1

NH2

= 0,2 + 0,96 = 1,16 mol m C H

n

2 n+1

NH2

= 2.17,25.1,16 = 40,02 gam.

p n B. V d 11: Cho 5,2 gam hn hp Y g m hai amin n chc, no, mch h tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 8,85 gam mu i. Bit trong hn hp, s mol hai amin bng nhau. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l : A. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C2H7N v C3H9N. C. C2H7N v C4H11N. D. CH5N v C3H9N. Hng dn gii t CTPT trung bnh ca 2 amin l Cn H 2n +3 N . p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :

m HCl phan ng = m muoi m X = 8,85 5,2 = 3,65 gam n HCl =

V Y l hn hp cc amin n chc nn suy ra :

3,65 = 0,1 mol. 36,5

nY = n HCl = 0,1 mol M Y =

5,2 = 52 gam / mol 14n + 17 = 52 n = 2,5. 0,1

Do hai amin c s mol bng nhau nn s cacbon trung bnh bng trung bnh cng s cacbon ca n + n2 n x + n2 x2 , vi x1 = x2 th n = 1 hai amin ( n = 1 1 .) 2 x1 + x2 p n B. Ch : Nu khng cho bit hai amin c s mol bng nhau th cc p an B, C, D u ng.

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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II. Phn ng c a amin vi HNO2 Phng php gii Mt s iu cn lu v phn ng ca amin vi axit nitr :
Amin bc mt tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng cho ancol hoc phenol v gii phng nit. V d : C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O Anilin v cc amin thm bc mt tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thp (0 - 5oC) cho mui iazoni : C6H5N2+Cl- + 2H2O phenyliazoni clorua Phng php gii bi tp dng ny ch yu l tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng.
0 5 C C6H5NH2 + HONO + HCl
o

Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Mu i C6H5N2+Cl- (phenyliazoni clorua) c sinh ra khi cho C6H5NH2 (anilin) tc dng vi NaNO2 trong dung dch HCl nhit thp (0-5oC). iu ch c 14,05 gam C6H5N2+Cl(vi hiu sut 100%), lng C6H5NH2 v NaNO2 cn dng va l : A. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol. B. 0,1 mol v 0,2 mol. C. 0,1 mol v 0,1 mol. D. 0,1 mol v 0,3 mol. Hng dn gii Phng trnh phn ng :
0 5 C C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl C6 H 5N 2 + Cl + 2H2O + NaCl
o

(1)

0,1 mol: 0,1 Theo (1) v gi thit ta c :

6 5 2

0,1

nC6H5NH2 = nNaNO2 = nC H N +Cl = 0,1 mol.

p n C. V d 2: Amin X c phn t khi nh hn 80. Trong phn t X nit chim 19,18% v kh i lng. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch hn hp g m KNO2 v HCl thu c ancol Y. Oxi ha khng hon ton Y thu c xeton Z. Pht biu no sau y ng ? A. Tch nc Y ch thu c mt anken duy nht. B. Trong phn t X c mt lin kt . C. Tn thay th ca Y l propan-2-ol. D. Phn t X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Hng dn gii t CTPT ca amin X l CxHyNt , theo gi thit ta c :
x = 4 14t 19,18 = 12x + y = 59t y = 11 12x + y 100 19,18 t = 1 Vy CTPT ca amin X l C4H11N. Theo gi thit X tc dng vi dung dch hn hp g m KNO2 v HCl thu c ancol Y. Oxi ha khng hon ton Y thu c xeton Z suy ra X l CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3.

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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S phn ng :
[O], t 2 CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3 CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 CH3CH2COCH3 Pht biu ng l Phn t X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. p n D. KNO + HCl
o

V d 3: Cho 26 gam hn hp 2 amin no, n chc, mch h, bc mt c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi HNO2 nhit thng thu c 11,2 lt N2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l : A. CH5N v C4H11N. B. C2H7N v C3H9N. C. C2H7N v C4H11N. D. A hoc B. Hng dn gii t CTPT trung bnh ca 2 amin l Cn H 2n +1NH 2 . Phng trnh phn ng :
Cn H 2n +1NH 2 + HNO2 Cn H 2n +1OH + H2O + N2

(1)

mol: 0,5 Theo (1) v gi thit ta c :

0,5

nC H
n

NH2 2 n+1

= n N2 = 0,5 mol M C H
n

NH2 2 n +1

26 = 52 gam / mol n = 2,5 0,5

Trng hp 1 : Mt amin l CH3NH2 amin cn li l CnH2n+1NH2, v hai amin c s mol bng nhau nn % v s mol ca chng u l 50%. Ta c :
n = 1.50% + n.50% = 2,5 n = 4 CnH2n+1NH2 l C4H9NH2. Trng hp 2 : Mt amin l C2H5NH2 amin cn li l CnH2n+1NH2, tng t trng hp 1 ta c : n = 2.50% + n.50% = 2,5 n = 3 CnH2n+1NH2 l C3H7NH2.

p n D.

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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III. Phn ng c a mui amoni vi dung dch kim Phng php gii Mt s iu cn lu v phn ng ca mui amoni vi axit dung dch kim :
+ Du hiu xc nh mt hp cht l mui amoni l : Khi hp cht phn ng vi dung dch kim thy gii phng kh hoc gii phng kh lm xanh giy qu tm. + Cc loi mui amoni gm : - Mui amoni ca amin hoc NH3 vi axit v c nh HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3.Mui amoni ca amin no vi HNO3 c cng thc phn t l CnH2n+4O3N2; mui amoni ca amin no vi H2SO4 c hai dng : mui axit l CnH2n+5O4NS; mui trung ha l CnH2n+8O4N2S; mui amoni ca amin no vi H2CO3 c hai dng : mui axit l CnH2n+3O3N; mui trung ha l CnH2n+6O3N2. - Mui amoni ca amin hoc NH3 vi axit hu c nh HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH. Mui amoni ca amin no vi axit no, n chc c cng thc phn t l CnH2n+3O2N; Mui amoni ca amin no vi axit khng no, n chc, phn t c mt lin kt i C=C c cng thc phn t l CnH2n+1O2N. lm tt bi tp dng ny th iu quan trng l cn phi xc nh c cng thc ca mui amoni. Sau vit phng trnh phn ng tnh ton lng cht m bi yu cu. Nu bi yu cu tnh khi lng cht rn sau khi c cn dung dch th cn lu thnh phn ca cht rn l mui v c th c kim d. Nu gp bi tp hn hp mui amoni th nn s dng phng php trung bnh kt hp vi nh lut bo ton khi lng tnh ton.

Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Cho 0,1 mol cht X (C2H8O3N2, M = 108) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l : A. 5,7 gam. B. 12,5 gam. C. 15 gam. D. 21,8 gam Hng dn gii V X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ung nng thu c kh lm xanh giy qu m nn X l mu i amoni. Cn c vo cng thc ca X ta suy ra X l mu i amoni ca amin no vi axit nitric. Cng thc ca X l C2H5NH3NO3 hoc (CH3)2NH2NO3. Phng trnh phn ng : C2H5NH3NO3 + NaOH C2H5NH2 + NaNO3 + H2O (1) mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1 C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn g m NaOH d (0,1 mol) v NaNO3 (0,1 mol). Kh i lng cht rn l : m = 0,1.40 + 0,1.85 = 12,5 gam. p n B. V d 2: Cho 0,1 mol cht X c cng thc l C2H12O4N2S tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,35 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l : A. 28,2 gam. B. 26,4 gam. C. 15 gam. D. 20,2 gam. Hng dn gii V X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ung nng thu c kh lm xanh giy qu m nn X l mu i amoni. Cn c vo cng thc ca X ta suy ra X l mu i amoni ca amin no vi axit sunfuric. Cng thc ca X l (CH3NH3)2SO4. 8
Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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Phng trnh phn ng : (CH3NH3)2SO4 + 2NaOH 2CH3NH2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O (1) mol: 0,1 0,2 0,1 C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn g m NaOH d (0,15 mol) v Na2SO4 (0,1 mol). Khi lng cht rn l : m = 0,15.40 + 0,1.142 = 20,2 gam. p n B. V d 3: Cho 18,6 gam hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C3H12O3N2 phn ng hon ton vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l : A. 19,9. B. 15,9. C. 21,9. D. 26,3. Hng dn gii Cn c vo cng thc phn t ca X l C3H12O3N2 v X phn ng c vi NaOH nn X l mu i amoni. Cng thc cu to ca X l (CH3NH3)2CO3. Phng trnh phn ng : (CH3NH3)2CO3 + 2NaOH 2CH3NH2 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O (1) mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15 C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn gm NaOH d (0,1 mol) v Na2CO3 (0,15 mol). Khi lng cht rn l : m = 0,1.40 + 0,15.106 = 19,9 gam. p n A. V d 4: Cho 16,05 gam hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C3H9O3N phn ng hon ton vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l : A. 19,9. B. 15,9. C. 21,9. D. 26,3. Hng dn gii Cn c vo cng thc phn t ca X l C3H9O3N v X phn ng c vi NaOH nn X l mu i amoni. Cng thc cu to ca X l C2H5NH3HCO3 hoc (CH3)2NH2HCO3. Phng trnh phn ng : C2H5NH3HCO3 + 2NaOH C2H5NH2 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O (1) mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15 C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn gm NaOH d (0,1 mol) v Na2CO3 (0,15 mol). Khi lng cht rn l : m = 0,1.40 + 0,15.106 = 19,9 gam. p n A. V d 5: A c cng thc phn t l C2H7O2N. Cho 7,7 gam A tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch X v kh Y, t kh i ca Y so vi H2 nh hn 10. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l : A. 12,2 gam. B. 14,6 gam. C. 18,45 gam. D. 10,7 gam. Hng dn gii Theo gi thit suy ra A l mu i amoni, kh Y l NH3 hoc amin. V MY < 20 nn Y l NH3. T suy ra X l CH3COONH4. Phng trnh phn ng :
Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

Bin son v ging dy : Gio vin Nguyn Minh Tun T Ha Trng THPT Chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th

CH3COONH4 + NaOH NH3 + CH3COONa + H2O (1) mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1 C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn gm NaOH d (0,1 mol) v CH3COONa (0,1 mol). Khi lng cht rn l : m = 0,1.40 + 0,1.82 = 12,2 gam. p n A. V d 6: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c, mch h X c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mu i khan. Tn g i ca X l : A. Etylamoni fomat. B. imetylamoni fomat. C. Amoni propionat. D. Metylamoni axetat. Hng dn gii Theo gi thit suy ra X l mu i amoni, t cng thc ca X l RCOONH3R. Phng trnh phn ng : RCOONH3R + NaOH RCOONa + RNH2 + H2O (1) mol: 0,02 0,02 0,02 Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : R + 67 = 82 R = 15 (CH3) R = 15 (CH3). Cng thc ca X l CH3COONH3CH3, tn ca X l metylamoni axetat. p n D. V d 7: Cho hn hp X g m 2 cht hu c c cng CTPT C2H7NO2 tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp Z gm 2 kh (u lm xanh qu tm m). T kh i ca Z i vi hiro bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c kh i lng mu i khan l : A. 16,5 gam. B. 14,3 gam. C. 8,9 gam. D. 15,7 gam. Hng dn gii Cch 1 : Tnh theo phng trnh phn ng kt hp vi s ng cho Hn hp Z g m 2 kh c tnh baz l NH3 v CH3NH2. Vy hn hp X g m CH3COONH4 v HCOOH3NCH3. Phng trnh phn ng : CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O (1) x x mol: x HCOOH3NCH3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3NH2 + H2O (2) mol: y y y p dng s ng cho ta c:
n NH3 n CH3 NH 2 = 31 13,5.2 1 = 13,5.2 17 3

x + y = 0, 2 x = 0, 05 Theo (1), (2) v gi thit ta c h : x 1 y = 0,15 y = 3 m = 68.0,15 + 82.0,05 = 14,3 gam. p n B. 10

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

Bin son v ging dy : Gio vin Nguyn Minh Tun T Ha Trng THPT Chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th

Nhn xt : Bi tp ny nn lm theo phng php bo ton khi lng th ngn gn hn! Cch 2 : S dng nh lut bo ton khi lng Theo gi thit ta suy ra hn hp X l mu i amoni ca axit hu c no, n chc. t cng thc ca hai cht trong X l : RCOOH 3 NR Phng trnh phn ng :
RCOOH 3 NR + NaOH RCOO Na + R NH 2 + H2O

(1)

0,2 0,2 0,2 mol : 0,2 0,2 Theo phn ng (1) v nh lut bo ton kh i lng ta c : m RCOONa = 0,2.77 + 0,2.40 0,2.13,75.2 + 0,2.18 = 14,3 gam.
p n B.

IV. Phn ng t chy amin Phng php gii Mt s iu cn lu v phn ng t chy amin :
+ Phng trnh t chy mt amin dng tng qut :
6 n + 2 2a + k 2 n + 2 2a + k k to O2 H2O + N2 (1) nCO2 + 4 2 2 Nu k =1, a = 0 th phng trnh (1) tr thnh :

CnH2n+2-2a+kNk +

CnH2n+3N

6n + 3 2n + 3 1 to O2 H2O + N2 nCO2 + 4 2 2

Suy ra t chy amin no n chc th :

nCO
2

nH O

2nH 2O nCO2 2n v nC n H 2 n +3N = 2n + 3 3

Phng php gii bi tp t chy amin : S dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t tm cng thc ca amin s nhanh hn so vi vic lp t l mol nC : nH : nN. i vi bi ton t chy hn hp cc amin th s dng cng thc trung bnh. i vi bi tp t chy amin bng hn hp O2 v O3 th nn quy i hn hp thnh O.

Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc) v 20,25 gam H2O. CTPT ca X l : A. C4H9N. B. C3H7N. C. C2H7N. D. C3H9N. Hng dn gii Cch 1 : Theo gi thit ta c : 16,8 20, 25 n C = n CO2 = = 0, 75 mol; n H = 2.n H 2O = 2. = 2, 25 mol; 22, 4 18 2,8 n N = 2.n N2 = 2. = 0, 25 mol. 22, 4 n C : n H : n N = 0, 75 : 2, 25 : 0, 25 = 3 : 9 :1 . Vy CTPT ca X l C3H9N.

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

11

Bin son v ging dy : Gio vin Nguyn Minh Tun T Ha Trng THPT Chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th

Cch 2 : i vi cc amin n chc th phn t c mt nguyn t N.

n X = nN = 2nN = 0,25 mol S C trong amin =

2

n CO nX

= =

0,75 =3; 0,25 2,25 = 9. 0,25

S H trong amin = p n D.

2nH O
2

nX

V d 2: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2, 12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chi m 20% th tch khng kh. X c cng thc l : A. C2H5NH2. B. C3H7NH2. C. CH3NH2. D. C4H9NH2. Hng dn gii 17, 6 12, 6 = 0, 4 mol; n H = 2.n H2 O = 2. = 1, 4 mol . Ta c : n C = n CO2 = 44 18 p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi oxi suy ra : 2.n CO2 + n H2 O n O2 (kk) = = 0, 75 mol n N 2 (kk) = 0, 75.4 = 3 mol. 2 69, 44 3) = 0, 2 mol n C : n H : n N = 0, 4 :1, 4 : 0, 2 = 2 : 7 :1. Do : n N(hchc) = 2.( 22, 4 Cn c vo cc phng n ta thy cng thc ca X l C2H5NH2 (Nu y l mt bi tp t lun th ta dng bt bo ha bin lun tm cng thc phn t , kt qu vn l C2H7N). p n A. V d 3: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va thu c 0,5 mol hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl phn ng l : A. 0,1. B. 0,4. C. 0,3. D. 0,2. Hng dn gii t cng thc phn t ca amin no l CnH2n+2+kNk. S phn ng : CnH2n+2+kNk mol: 0,1
2

O , to

nCO2 0,1n

2n + 2 + k H2O 2

k N2 2 k 2

(1)

0,1.

2n + 2 + k 2

0,1.

Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : 0,1n + 0,1.

n = 1 2n + 2 + k k + 0,1. = 0,5 0,4n + 0,2k = 0,8 2 2 k = 2

Cng thc phn t ca amin X l CH6N2. Cng thc cu t o ca X l H2NCH2NH2. Phn ng ca amin X vi HCl : H2NCH2NH2 + 2HCl ClH3NCH2NH3Cl (2) mol: 0,1 0,2 12
Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

Bin son v ging dy : Gio vin Nguyn Minh Tun T Ha Trng THPT Chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th

Theo (2) ta c s mol HCl cn dng l 0,2 mol. p n D. V d 4: Hn hp X g m ba amin n chc l ng ng k tip nhau. t chy hon ton 11,8 gam X thu c 16,2 gam H2O, 13,44 lt CO2 (ktc) v V lt kh N2 (ktc). Ba amin trn c cng thc phn t ln lt l : A. CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2. B. CH CNH2, CH CCH2NH2, CH CC2H4NH2. C. C2H3NH2, C3H5NH2, C4H7NH2. D. C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2, C4H9NH2. Hng dn gii Theo gi thit ta c:

nH2O = 0,9 mol ; nCO2 = 0,6 mol ; n N = nC : n H : n N = 0,6 :1,8 : 0,2 = 3 : 9 :1.

11,8 0,9.2 0,6.12 = 0,2 mol 14

Vy cng thc phn t trung bnh ca ba amin l C3H9N thuc dng CnH2n+3N, suy ra ba amin thuc loi amin no n chc v phi c mt amin c s C ln hn 3. p n D. V d 5: Hn hp X g m O2 v O3 c t kh i so vi H2 l 22. Hn hp kh Y gm metylamin v etylamin c t kh i so vi H2 l 17,833. t chy hon ton V1 lt Y cn va V2 lt X (bit sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O v N2, cc cht kh khi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). T l V1 : V2 l : A. 3 : 5 B. 5 : 3 C. 2 : 1 D. 1 : 2 Hng dn gii t CTPT trung bnh ca 2 amin l Cn H 2n +3 N . Theo gi thit suy ra : 14 n + 17 = 2.17,833 n =
4 . 3

Quy i hn hp O3, O2 thnh O, theo nh lut bo ton kh i lng ta c m( O , O ) = m O . 3 2 S phn ng : 2 Cn H 2n +3 N 2 n CO2 + (2 n +3)H2O + N2 mol : 1 (1)

2n + 3 2

Theo (1) ta c :

2n + 3 88 = 5,5 mol m ( O , O ) = m O = 5,5.16 = 88 gam n( O , O ) = = 2 mol. 3 2 3 2 2 2.22 Vy VY : VX = 1 : 2. p n D. nO p = 2n +

Phng php hc tt mn ha hc l : Chm ch nghe ging, chm hc l thuyt, chm lm bi tp, chm n bi c

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