TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 3974:2007
MUI THC PHM
Food grade salt
Li ni u
TCVN 3974:2007 thay th TCVN 3974-84;
TCVN 3974:2007 hon ton tng ng vi CODEX STAN 150-1997; sot xt. 1-1997, b
sung 1-1999 v b sung 2-20011;
TCVN 3974:2007 do Tiu ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC/F4/SC1 Gia v bin son, Tng cc
Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
MUI THC PHM
Food grade salt
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho mui c dng cho thc phm, dng bn trc tip cho ngi
tiu dng v sn xut thc phm. Tiu chun ny cng p dng cho mui c dng lm
cht mang ca cc ph gia thc phm v/hoc cc cht dinh dng. Ty thuc vo cc iu quy
nh trong tiu chun ny c th phi p dng cc yu cu c th hn i vi cc nhu cu c
bit.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho mui c ngun gc khc vi m t ti iu 2, c bit nh
mui l sn phm ph trong cng nghip ha cht.
2. M t
Mui thc phm l sn phm kt tinh ch yu l natri clorua. Sn phm ny thu c t nc
bin, t mui m nm su trong lng t hoc t nc mui t nhin.
3. Thnh phn chnh v ch tiu cht lng
3.1. Hm lng NaCl ti thiu
Hm lng NaCl khng c nh hn 97% tnh theo cht kh, khng k ph gia thc phm.
3.2. Sn phm th yu v cht nhim bn c mt t nhin
Phn cn li gm cc sn phm th yu t nhin c mt vi lng khc nhau ty thuc vo
ngun gc v phng php sn xut mui, bao gm ch yu l cc mui sulfat, cacbonat,
bromua ca canxi, kali, magie, cng nh cc mui clorua ca canxi, kali, magie. Cc cht nhim
bn t nhin cng c th c mt vi cc lng thay i theo ngun gc v phng php sn
xut mui.
3.3. S dng lm cht mang
Mui thc phm phi c s dng khi mui c dng lm cht mang i vi cc ph gia thc
phm hoc cc cht dinh dng vi mc ch cng ngh hoc l do sc khe cng ng. Cc v
d v cc ch phm l cc hn hp ca mui vi nitrat v/hoc nitrit (mui xng khi) v mui
c pha trn vi cc lng nh florua, idua hoc idat, st, cc loi vitamin , v cc ph gia
c s dng mang theo hoc n nh cc cht b sung.
3.4. It ha mui thc phm
V l do sc khe cng ng m nhng ni thiu ht it, it s c b sung vo mui thc
phm.

3.4.1. Hp cht it
b sung it vo mui thc phm, c th s dng cc kali idua v natri idua hoc kali idat
v natri idat.
3.4.2. Mc ti a v ti thiu
Mc ti a v ti thiu ca it c s dng b sung vo mui thc phm c tnh theo it
(tnh bng mg/kg) phi do c quan y t quy nh trn c s thiu ht it c th.
3.4.3. m bo cht lng
Vic sn xut mui it thc phm ch c thc hin bi cc c s sn xut ng tin cy, cc c
s ny c kin thc v thit b cn thit sn xut mui it thc phm v c bit l nh
lng chnh xc v trn u.
4. Ph gia thc phm
4.1. Tt c cc ph gia s dng phi t cht lng dng lm thc phm.
4.2. Cht chng vn cc
Mc ti a c trong sn phm cui cng
341 (iii) Tricanxi orthophosphat

20 g/kg

170 (i) Canxi cacbonat

504 (i) Magie cabonat
530 Magie oxit
551 Silicon dioxit, amphorus
552 Canxi silicat
553 (i) Magie silicat

GMP

554 Natri aluminosilicat

556 Canxi nhm silicat
470 Cc mui ca axit myristic, palmitic hoc stearic (canxi,
kali, natri)
538 Canxi feroxyanua
536 Kali feroxyanua2
535 Natri feroxyanua2

10 mg/kg, ring l hay kt hp,

tnh theo Fe (CN)6

4.3. Cht nh ha
433 Polyxyetylen (20) sorbitan monooleat

10 mg/kg

4.4. Cht h tr ch bin

900a Polydimetylsiloxan3

10 mg cn/kg

5. Cht nhim bn
Mui thc phm khng cha cc cht nhim bn vi lng dng c th gy hi n sc khe
ngi tiu dng. C th l khng c vt qu cc gii hn sau y:
2

Mc ti a i vi natri v kali feroxyanua c th l 20 mg/kg khi c dng pha ch mui

" khong".
3
Polydimetylsiloxan c lit k nh cht chng to bt, du bi trn, cht chng dnh v cht
to khun (nh dimetylposiloxan) trong danh mc cc cht h tr ch bin Codex.
Polydimetylsiloxan cn c a vo danh mc cht chng to bt, chng vn kt v cht nh
ha trong h thng nh s quc t ca Codex v ph gia thc phm.

5.1. Asen
- khng ln hn 0,5 mg/kg tnh theo As.
5.2. ng
- khng ln hn 2 mg/kg tnh theo Cu.
5.3. Ch
- khng ln hn 2 mg/kg tnh theo Pb.
5.4. Cadimi
- khng ln hn 0,5 mg/kg tnh theo Cd.
5.5. Thy ngn
- khng ln hn 0,1 mg/kg tnh theo Hg.
6. V sinh
m bo cc tiu chun v sinh c duy tr cho n khi sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng,
phng php sn xut, bao gi, bo qun v vn chuyn mui thc phm phi trnh mi nguy
c nhim bn.
7. Ghi nhn
Ngoi cc yu cu trong TCVN 7087:2002 (CODEX STAN 1-1985, Rev. 2-1999) Tiu chun
chung v Ghi nhn thc phm bao gi sn, p dng cc iu khon c th sau y:
7.1. Tn sn phm
7.1.1. Tn sn phm, nh c cng b trn nhn phi l "mui".
7.1.2. Tn gi "mui" phi c ghi gn st vi "Thc phm" hoc "Mui nu" hoc "Mui bn
n".
7.1.3. Ch khi mui cha mt hoc nhiu mui feroxyanua, c b sung vo nc mui trong
qu trnh to kt tinh, th c th ghi km theo thut ng "dendritic".
7.1.4. Khi mui c dng lm cht mang cho mt hay nhiu cht dinh dng v c bn v l
do sc khe cng ng, th tn sn phm phi c ghi ng trn nhn, v d: "mui b sung
flo", "mui b sung it", "mui b sung st", "mui b sung vitamin" theo cch thch hp.
7.1.5. C th ghi r ngun gc theo m t trong iu 2, hoc phng php sn xut c cng
b trn nhn m khng lm cho ngi s dng hiu nhm bn cht.
7.2. Ghi nhn sn phm khng dng bn l
Thng tin i vi bao b khng dng bn l phi c ghi ngay trn bao b hoc trong ti liu
gi km theo, tr khi tn sn phm, k m hiu l hng, tn v a ch nh sn xut hoc ng
gi c ghi r trn vt cha. Tuy nhin, k m hiu l hng, tn v a ch nh sn xut hoc
ngi ng gi c th c thay bng du hiu nhn bit, vi iu kin l du hiu c th d
dng nhn bit c cng vi ti liu km theo.
8. Bao gi, vn chuyn v bo qun
Trong mi chng trnh b sung it vo mui, iu quan trng l phi m bo rng ti thi im
tiu th, mui cha lng it ng nh khuyn co. Vic duy tr it ph thuc vo hp cht it
c s dng, loi bao gi, s tip xc ca bao gi vi iu kin kh hu ph bin v khong
thi gian tnh t khi b sung it n thi im tiu th. m bo c hm lng it quy nh
trong mui khi tiu th, th cn tnh trc n iu kin kh hu ca nc s ti v iu kin bo
qun m c th lm tht thot lng it.
8.1. trnh tht thot it, mui it phi c ng trong cc bao b kn kh lm bng polyetylen
mt cao (HDPE) hoc polypropylen (PP) (mt lp hoc nhiu lp) hoc ti ay LDPE (loi ti

ay nhn 1803 DW c trng polyetylen c 150). Ti nhiu quc gia, iu ny yu cu vt liu bao
gi ch yu t rm hoc ay. Chi ph ca it b sung d ra b cho vic tht thot it do bao b
l r tin (ngha l rm hoc ay) cng phi c cn nhc so vi gi thnh khi dng bao b t
tin.
8.2. Cc n v bao gi ln khng c qu 50 kg [theo thng l ca T chc Lao ng Quc t
(ILO)] khi phi s dng mc nng hng.
8.3. Cc bao b s dng cc hng ha khc nh phn bn, ximng, ha cht khng c s
dng li ng mui it.
8.4. H thng phn phi cn c t chc hp l gim thi gian tnh t khi b sung it n
khi tiu th mui.
8.5. Trong quy trnh bo qun, vn chuyn hoc bn, mui it khng c di ma, ni c
m qu cao hoc c nh nng trc tip ca mt tri.
8.6. Bao gi mui it phi c bo qun trong phng c mi che hoc "kho cha" c thng gi
tt.
8.7. Ngi tiu dng cng cn c khuyn co tng t bo qun mui it trnh tip xc
trc tip vi m, nhit v nh sng mt tri.
9. Phng php phn tch v ly mu
9.1. Ly mu (xem ph lc).
9.2. Xc nh hm lng natri clorua
Phng php ny dng tnh ton hm lng natri clorua, nh trong 3.1, da vo cc kt qu
xc nh sulfat (phng php 9.4), halogen (phng php 9.5), canxi v magie (phng php
9.6), kali (phng php 9.7) v hao ht khi lng khi sy kh (phng php 9.8). Chuyn sulfat
v CaSO4 v canxi cha s dng v CaCl2, tr khi sulfat c trong mu vt qu lng cn thit
kt hp vi canxi, trong trng hp ny, chuyn canxi v CaSO 4 v trc tin l sulfat cha
s dng v MgSO4 v tt c sulfat cn li v Na2SO4. Chuyn magie cha s dng v MgCl 2.
Chuyn kali v KCl. Chuyn halogen cha s dng v NaCl. Tnh hm lng NaCl theo cht kh
bng cch ly phn trm NaCl nhn vi 100/100-P, trong P l phn trm khi lng tht thot
khi sy.
9.3. Xc nh cht khng tan
Theo ISO 2479:1972 "Xc nh cht khng tan trong nc hoc trong axit v chun b cc dung
dch chnh dng cho cc php xc nh khc".
9.4. Xc nh hm lng sulfat
Theo ISO 2480:1972 "Xc nh hm lng sulfat - Phng php khi lng bari sulfat".
9.5. Xc nh cc hallogen4
Theo ISO 2481:1973 "Xc nh halogen, tnh theo clo - Phng php o thy ngn" ( thu hi
thy ngn t cht thi th nghim, xem ph lc ca ECSS/SC 183-1979).
9.6. Xc nh hm lng canxi v magie
Theo ISO 2482:1973 "Xc nh hm lng canxi v magie - Phng php o phc cht EDTA".
9.7. Xc nh hm lng kali
Theo ECSS/SC 183-1979 "Xc nh hm lng kali bng phng php o th tch natri
tetraphenylborat" hoc theo ECSS/SC 184-1979 "Phng php quang ph hp th nguyn t
ngn la".
9.8. Xc nh hao ht khi lng khi sy ( m quy c)
4

C phng php thay th ang c nghin cu l s dng bc nitrat xc nh halogen.

Theo ISO 2483:1973 "Xc nh hao ht khi lng 1100C".

9.9. Xc nh hm lng ng
Theo ECSS/SC 144-1977 "Xc nh hm lng ng - Phng php quang ph km
dibenzyldithiocarbamat".
9.10. Xc nh hm lng asen
Theo ECSS/SC 311-1982 "Xc nh hm lng asen - Phng php quang ph bc
dietyldithiocarbamat".
9.11. Xc nh hm lng thy ngn
Theo ECSS/SC 312-1982 "Xc nh hm lng thy ngn tng s - Phng php quang ph
hp th nguyn t hi lnh".
9.12. Xc nh hm lng ch
Theo ECSS/SC 313-1982 "Xc nh hm lng ch tng s - Phng php quang ph hp th
nguyn t ngn la".
9.13. Xc nh hm lng cadimi
Theo ECSS/SC 314-1982 "Xc nh hm lng cadimi - Phng php quang ph hp th
nguyn t ngn la".
9.14. Xc nh hm lng it
Theo ESPA/CN 109/84 "Xc nh hm lng it tng - Phng php chun s dng natri
thiosulfat".

PH LC
PHNG PHP LY MU MUI THC PHM XC NH NATRI CLORUA
1. Phm vi p dng
Phng php ny quy nh quy trnh ly mu xc nh thnh phn chnh nhm nh gi cht
lng thc phm ca natri clorua (mui) nh quy nh trong tiu chun ny, iu 3 "Thnh
phn c bn v ch tiu cht lng".
Tiu ch ny c dng chp nhn hay loi b l hng hoc chuyn hng trn c s mu
ny.
2. Lnh vc p dng
Phng php ny c th p dng ly mu cho tt c cc loi mui dng lm thc phm bao
gi sn hoc ri.
3. Nguyn tc
Phng php ny m t quy trnh ly mu xc nh cht lng trung bnh: phn tch mu
trn.
Mu trn c to ra bng cch sao cho c th i din c cho l hng hoc chuyn hng.
Mu ny bao gm cc phn c ly ra t l hng hoc chuyn hng cn phn tch.
Tiu ch chp nhn l gi tr trung bnh thu c t cc kt qu phn tch cc mu trn phi
ph hp vi quy nh ca tiu chun ny.
4. nh ngha
Cc thut ng c s dng trong phng php ly mu ny xem trong "Cc ch dn v Quy
trnh ly mu ca CODEX" (CX/MAS 1-1987).
5. Thit b, dng c

Dng c ly mu c s dng phi thch hp vi bn cht ca cc php th cn thc hin (v

d: ly mu bng khoan mu, dng c ly mu c lm bng vt liu tr v ha hc, .v.v).
Dng c ng mu phi c lm bng vt liu tr v ha hc v phi kn kh.
6. Cch tin hnh
6.1. Mui bao gi sn
Vic ly mu phi c thc hin bng phng php "ly mu ngu nhin" hoc bng "ly mu
h thng". Vic la chn phng php ty thuc vo bn cht ca l hng (v d: nu cc bao
gi c nh s lin tc th cch ly mu h thng c th l thch hp).
6.1.1. Ly mu ngu nhin
Rt n n v bao gi ra khi l hng theo cch sao cho tng n v trong l hng u c c hi
c chn nh nhau.
6.1.2. Ly mu h thng
Nu N n v trong l c phn loi v c th c nh s t 1 n N, th vic ly mu h
thng 1-trong-k ca n n v bao gi c th thu c nh sau:
a) Xc nh gi tr k theo k = N/n (Nu k khng phi l s nguyn, th lm trn k n s nguyn
gn nht).
b) T cc n v k th nht trong l, ly mt n v ngu nhin v cho cc k tip theo.
6.2. Mui ri
Trng hp ny, l hng c chia thnh cc n v (theo tng); mt l c khi lng tng s m
kg c coi l bao gm m/100 n v. Trong trng hp ny, cn phi a ra phng n "ly
mu phn tng" thch hp vi kch thc l hng". Cc mu c chn t tt c cc tng t l
vi c tng.
CH : Vic ly mu phn tng sn phm c th c chia thnh cc phn nh khc nhau
(c gi l tng) c thc hin theo cch sao cho cc t l quy nh ca mu u c ly ra
t cc tng khc nhau.
6.3. To mu
6.3.1. C v s lng n v to thnh mu ph thuc vo loi mui v ln ca l. C ti
thiu cn phi ph hp vi mt trong cc yu cu ty theo cc trng hp c th sau y:
- 250 g mui ri hoc c ng gi trong cc bao b ln hn 1 kg;
- mt bao i vi mui c ng bao 500 g hoc 1 kg;
Lin quan n s lng mu c ly t l, mt v d v lng mu ti thiu c th xem
CX/MAX 1-1987 Ph lc V, Bng 3, c tnh n ln ca l v mc kim tra thch hp, trong
trng hp ny thng l mc kim tra 4 (xem 8.4 ca tiu chun ny).
6.3.2. Gp v trn k cc n v khc nhau c ly ra t l. Mu trn ny c dng lm
mu phng th nghim. Nhiu mu phng th nghim c th c thc hin theo cch ny.
7. Tiu ch chp nhn
7.1. Xc nh hm lng NaCl (%) ca t nht hai phn mu th ca mu phng th nghim.
7.2. Tnh trung bnh cc kt qu thu c i vi n phn mu th ca mu phng th nghim,
s dng cng thc sau y:

x=

x (n 2)
n

7.3. Theo quy nh, i vi hm lng NaCl (%) c lin quan, mt l hng hoc mt chuyn hng
c th c chp nhn nu tha mn iu kin:

x mc quy nh ti thiu

8. Bo co ly mu
Bo co ly mu cn phi bao gm thng tin sau y:
a) loi mui v ngun gc mui;
b) tnh trng ca mui (v d: s c mt tp cht);
c) ngy ly mu;
d) s l hng hoc chuyn hng;
e) phng php ng gi;
f) tng s khi lng ca l hng hoc chuyn hng;
g) s lng, khi lng cc n v bao gi v ghi r l khi lng tng s hay khi lng tnh;
h) s lng n v c ly mu;
i) s lng, bn cht v v tr ly mu;
j) s lng, thnh phn v khi lng cc mu ri v phng php ly mu v bo qun mu;
k) tn v ch k ca ngi ly mu.
9. Ti liu tham kho chnh
Ti liu CX/MAS 1-1987.
10. Nhn xt
"Mu phng th nghim" l "mu trn" c m t trong CX/MAS 1-1987, Ph lc IV, on 4B.