LP

10

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

HCl

KCl

Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ha hc lin kt vi nhau nhm to ra phn t hay tinh th bn vng hn.

Cl2

CO2

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10

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION LP

10

Chng 3: LIN KT HA HC

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I
S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION

II S TO THNH LIN KT ION III TINH TH - MNG TINH TH ION

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1 S hnh thnh ion

Nguyn t trung ha v in do c: s proton = s electron ion dng (cation)

nhng electron Nguyn t nhn electron

ion m (anion)

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 2 S hnh thnh cation

S to thnh ion
+ Na

V D 1

t nguyn t Na (Z=11)

11+

Na
1s22s22p63s1

+ Na

1e

1s22s22p6

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 2 S hnh thnh cation

Khi tham gia phn ng ha hc, nguyn t kim loi c xu hng nhng 1, 2, 3 electron cho nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc t cu hnh electron bn ca kh him (lp ngoi cng c 8 electron hay 2 electron Heli) v tr thnh ion dng, gi l cation.

Na 1s22s22p63s1

+ Na

1e

1s22s22p6

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 2 S hnh thnh cation

V D 2 S to thnh ion Mg2+, Al3+ t nguyn t Mg (Z=12): 1s22s22p63s2 2 2 6 2 1 v nguyn t Al (Z=13): 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .

2+ Mg 3+ Al

12+

13+

Mg

2+ Mg

+ 2e

Al

3+ Al

+ 3e

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 2 S hnh thnh cation

nguyn t kim loi (1/ 2/ 3 electron lp ngoi cng) Gi tn cc ion dng
Tn ion dng = cation + tn kim loi nhng e Ion dng (1+/2+/3+)

V d : K+
3+ Al

: cation kali cation magi : cation nhm

2+ Mg :

LP

10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 3 S hnh thnh anion

Khi tham gia phn ng ha hc, nguyn t phi kim c xu hng nhn 1, 2, 3 electron t nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc t cu hnh electron bn ca kh him (lp ngoi cng c 8 electron hay 2 electron Heli) v tr thnh ion m, gi l anion.
nhn 3/2/1 e

Nguyn t phi kim (5/ 6/ 7 electron lp ngoi cng)

ion m (3-/2-/1-)

LP

10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 3 S hnh thnh anion

Cl (Z=17): 1s22s22p63s23p5
O (Z=8):
2 2 4 1s 2s 2p

17+

8+

Cl + 1e

Cl

O + 2e

2O

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 3 S hnh thnh anion

Gi tn cc ion m : Tn ion m = anion + tn gc axit tng ng V d:
Cl

anion clorua anion bromua anion sunfua (tr ion gi l: anion oxit)
2O

Br : S2- :

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10
I

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 4 Ion n nguyn t v ion a nguyn t

+ Na , 2+ Mg , 3+ Al , F, Cl , 2O ,

Ion n nguyn t

NH

cation amoni anion hiroxit anion sunfat Ion a nguyn t

OH
SO

2 4

Ion n nguyn t l nhng ion to nn t 1 nguyn t. Ion a nguyn t l nhng nhm nguyn t mang in tch dng hay m.

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10
II
V D 1

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S TO THNH LIN KT ION

Xt s hnh thnh lin kt ion trong phn t NaCl
+ Na Cl

11+

17+

lc ht tnh in
+ 2 2 2 2 6 6 1 Na: Na 1s : 1s 2s 2s 2p 2p 3s + Na

NaCl 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

Cl

2 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 6 5 Cl Cl: : 1s 1s 2s 2s 2p 2p 3s 3s 3p 3p

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10
II
V D 1

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S TO THNH LIN KT ION

Xt s hnh thnh lin kt ion trong phn t NaCl

Na
2 2 6 1 1s 2s 2p 3s

Cl

+ Na 2 2 6 1s 2s 2p

Cl 2 2 6 2 6 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p

1s22s2 2p63s23p5 1e

lc ht tnh in NaCl

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10
II
V D 2

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S TO THNH LIN KT ION

Xt s hnh thnh lin kt ion trong phn t MgO

Mg

O
2 2 4 1s 2s 2p

2+ Mg

2O

1s22s22p63s2

[Ne]

[Ne]
lc ht tnh in

2e

MgO

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10
II
V D 3

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

S TO THNH LIN KT ION

Xt s hnh thnh lin kt ion trong phn t CaCl2 Cl [Ne] 3s23p5 1e + Ca [Ar] 4s2 + [Ne]

Cl
2 5 3s 3p

Ca2+
[Ar]

2Cl[Ar]

1e lc ht tnh in CaCl2

LP

10

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

III TINH TH - MNG TINH TH ION

Tinh th Cu to t nhng nguyn t, ion hoc phn t v chng c sp xp theo mt trt t nht nh trong khng gian.

Mng tinh th NaCl c cu trc hnh lp phng: 1 ion Na+ c bao quanh bi 6 ion Cl v ngc li.

M hnh mng tinh th NaCl

LP

10

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

III TINH TH - MNG TINH TH ION

Tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion:

Thng tan nhiu trong nc.

Nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. Khi nng chy hay tan trong nc th dn in (trng thi rn ban u khng dn in).

LP

10

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

TM TT BI HC

Nguyn t kim loi (1/ 2/ 3 electron lp ngoi cng) Nguyn t phi kim (5/ 6/ 7 electron lp ngoi cng) cation anion

nhng e nhn e

Ion dng

Ion m

lc ht tnh in

Lin kt ion

LP

10

Chng 3

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

CHC CC EM HC TT!