39804746 BAI TẬP THỦY LỰC ĐẠI CƯƠNG

Bi tp thuy luc dai cuong
uvBB: PuS.TS. L Tin Chuong

Yan Thanh Trung 2461.53 Ti.



BI TAP THY LUC AI CUONG
Ho v tn: Nguyn Thnh Trung
Lp: 53CG2
MSSV: 2461.53

Bi tp chuong 2: Thy tnh hoc
Bi 2.4 : Theo bi ra ta c so d nhu hnh v:

t tai dim A l:

A
=
OiOi
+
1
. y
n

t tai dim B l:
B
=
OO
+
2
. y
n

y (1) (2) ta duoc d chnh p sut tai A v B
=
A
-
B
= (
0i0i
-
OO
) +(
1
-
2
). y
n

Mt khc ta lai c:
0i0i
-
OO
= -y
tn
.
0
; (
1
-
2
) =
0

Vy ta suy ra duoc: =
A
-
B
= -y
tn
.
0
+(
1
-
2
). y
n

= (y
n
-y
tn
. )
0

= -8 (
N
m
2
)
Du "-" ngha l
A
<
B



Bi 2.11 :
Xt p sut du tai 2 dim A v A' thuc
cng
1 mt dng p 0-0: p
A
= p
Ai

Vi: p
A
= y
n
.
2

p
Ai
= y
tn
.
1

T d ta c
- y
n
.
2
= y
tn
.
1

-
2
=
y
tn
.
1
y
n
=
,.
= mm
Hay
2
= .
Theo hnh v trn ta c:
=
2
-
1

- = - = (mm)
hay = ,()

Bi 2-12 (28)

p sut du tai dim A duoc tnh bi:
p
dA
= p
c
+y
n
.
1

Xt p sut du tai 2 dim C v C' thuc cng 1 mt dng p 0-0:
p
C
= p
Ci



M: p
C
= y
tn
.
2

- p
dA
= y
tn
.
2
+ y
n
.
1

- p
dA
= ,. + 98., = 9

2

Hay :
p
dA
= .8at

Bi 2-23:

Ta tnh d cao trong tm ca tit din ca van:
c
=
1
-
BB
=
1
-
1
-h
= -
-
= ()
Xt p luc do khi nuc c d cao h
1
gy ra ln ca van:
Ta c:

1
=
c
. y
n
=
c
(0A
i
. b). y
n
=
c
i
E
. b . y
n

-
1
= 99
Nu ta chon truc Oz nm nghing theo mt vi hung nhu hnh v, dim O nm tai
mt thuong luu th vj tr ca dim dt luc P
1
s tnh theo cng thc:
=
c
+
I
o
.
c



Vi
I
o
=
bh
3
=
b(BA)
3
= .(
4
)
T d ta c :
= +
.
V. .
= ,()
Xt p luc do khi nuc c d cao h
2
gy ra:
cao trong tm phn tip xc vi nuc ca ca van l:
c
| =
2
-
2
=

2

-
c
= .
Din tch mt tip xc vi nuc l:

i
= E. b = (V
2
). b = V. ,. = ,8(
2
)
Do d ta c:
p
2
=
c
. . y
n
= 98.,.,8 = 99()
im dt luc l: (xt trong h truc O'z)
i
=
c
+
I
o
.
c
= .()
Trong h truc Oz th dim D' c toa d:

| = . + (V -.V) = .()
Vy t d ta c duoc p luc ca ton b nuc tc dung ln ca van l:
ln:
= |
1
-
2
| = (N) (kN)
im dt luc duoc xc djnh theo phuong php xc djnh dim dt khi c hop luc 2 luc song song:
Khong cch gia 2 dim dt D v D' l:
= |
| | = |. - .|
- = .()
Goi a l khong cch t D' dn dim dt G ca hop luc
P v b l khong cch t D dn dim dt G ca hop luc P.
Ta lp duoc h phuong trnh sau t phuong trnh cn bng
moment quanh O
o +b = . m
o
b
=
99
99



Gii ra ta duoc:
o = .9
b = .
T d ta xc dinh duoc dim dt G ca hop luc P cch O mt doan:
A = . - .9 = .8()

Bi 2-24:

Xt p luc P
1
do khi nuc thuong luu gy ra
Chon truc A
Z
nhu hnh v
Din tch phn nuc tip xc vi nuc l:
1
=
1
. b (b: b rJ c$o b" Jc)
Trong tm c d cao:
c
=
1
-
h
1
2
=
h
1
2

p luc:
1
=
1
.
c
. y
n
=
h
1
.b.h
1
2
y
n

-
1
=
h
1
2
2
. b. y
n

im dt:
1
=
C
+
I
C
o
1
h
c
=
2
3
1

T d ta suy ra khong cch gia D v O l:
1
= |(
1
-) -
1
| = |
1
- |


Xt tuong tu cho khi nuc ha luu ta c:
2
=
2
.
c
i
. y
n
=

2
. b.
2
y
n

2
=
C
+
I
C
c
=

2

Khong cch gia D' v O l:
2
= |(
2
- ) -
2
| = _
2
- _
Xt diu kin cn bng momen quanh O:
Van bt du m khi:
2
.
2

1
.
1

-
h
2
2
b
2
y
n
2

h
1
2
b
2
y
n
1

-
h
2
2
b
2
y
n
|
1
3
2
-|
h
1
2
b
2
y
n
|
1
3
1
- |
-
0,9
2
.3
2
|
1
3
,9 - | =
2
2
.3
2
|
1
3
-|
Gii phuong trnh trn ta suy duoc gi trj ca
= .9

Bi 2.27:


Yan Thanh Trung 2461.53 Ti. 8

Nhn trn hnh v ta c nhn xt rng h c xu hung quay quanh dim K ( nm chn ca tru
chng). Do vy d h cn bng th luc P do nuc tc dung vo thnh van phi c phuong di qua K
hay dim D chnh l dim dt luc ca P
Chon truc toa d Oz nhu hnh v:
Toa d dim dt luc P duoc tnh theo cng thc:
=
C
+
I
o
.
c

Vi:
l phn din tch phn mt tip xc vi nuc.
= 0N. b =
E
Cos|]
. b
I
o
: l moment qun tnh ca mt tit din tip xc vi nuc
I
o
=
b(OM)
3
12
=
2bH
3
9V3

C
: l d cao ca trong tm tit din tnh t mt thong
C
=
E
. Cos|]

T d ta suy ra: =
C
+
H
3V3
(1)
Mt khc theo hnh v ta thy:
= 0C + CB
0C =
H
2.Cos|30]
; CB = cm
- =
H
2Cos(30)
+ = +
H
V3
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra gi trj ca H=1,04(m)
Ta tnh duoc d ln ca P l: = .
C
. y
n
=
H
2Cos(30)
b
H
2
y
n

P=24503,9 (N) = 24.3 (kN)

Bi 2.39:



Bi tp chuong 3:
Bi 3-26:

Chon mt O-O l mt phng chun d so snh:
Vit phuong trnh Becnulli cho mt ct tai 2-2 v 3-3 vi gi trj p sut du ta c:
2
+
p
2d
y
+
o
2
2
2
=
3
+
p
3d
y
+
o
3
3
2
+
w

v
2
= E ; p
2d
= ;
2
= ; o
1
= o
2
= ;
3
=

2

Ta c th b qua gi trj tn tht ct nuc
w
=
D
2
/2 rt nh nn ta c th b qua

E + + =

3
2
+
p
3d
y
()
Vit PT djnh lut Becnulli cho 1-1 v 4-4 ta c:
1
+
p
1d
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
4
+
p
4d
y
+
o
4
4
2
+
w

- +
p
1d
y
+
1
2
= +
p
4d
y
+
4
2
+ ()
Thay (2) vo (1):


E + =

3
2
+ (
1
2
4
2
+
p
1d
y
)
-
3
= _E -
p
1d
y
] + (
4
2
-
1
2
) (-)
Vi v
4
v v
1
l:
4
=

4
=
,.
n(.)
2
= .8
1
=

1
=
,.
n(.)
2
= .98
s

Ta c : -
3
= .(s)
Vy luu luong nuc clo trong ng l:
3
=
3
.
3
= .
m
3
s

2) Luu luong nuc Clo trong ng l 0.5 l/s
3
=
40
=

3
=
,.
-3
n,
2
. = ,
s

T (*) ta c:
3
2
= E +
4
2
-
1
2
-
p
1d
y

-
3
2
= E -
p
1d
y
] +
4
2
-
1
2

-
4
2
=
3
2
- E -
p
1d
y
] +
1
2

-
4
= 8,9
s

-
4
=

nuoc
4
= , 8.
-3
(
2
)
n.
2
2
= , 8.
-3
-
2
= .()
3)
cIo
=
3
=
0.0001-4
n(0.025)
2
= .()
1
= .98
4
=
. -
n(.)
2
= .(s)
T (*) ta c:


3
2
= E -
p
1d
y
] +
4
2
-
1
2

- E =
p
d
+ y(
1
2
+
3
2
-
4
2
)
y
= 9.8 ()

Bi 3.27:

Chon mt chun 0-0 nhu hnh v
Vit phuong trnh Becnulli cho mt ct tai 1-1 v 2-2 vi gi trj p tuyt di ta c:
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
+
w

- E
1
+
p
kq
y
+ = E
2
+
p
kq
y
+ +
w

-
w
= E
1
- E
2
= . -. = .8 c Jc
M:
w
=
c1
+
c2
+
d
= .8 m
d
= .
c1
=
{
c1
.
2
2g
;
c1
= . (oan o J)
c2
=
{
c2
.
2
2g
;
c2
= (oan o J)
T d ta c duoc gi trj ca v:

c1
.
2
c2
.
2
+ . = .8 - v =



Bi 3.35:

Chon mt chun 0-0 l mt di qua dy dui ca van x nhu hnh v:
Vit phuong trnh Becnulli cho mt ct tai 1-1 v 3-3 vi gi trj p sut tuyt di ta c:
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
3
+
p
3
y
+
o
3
3
2

- +
p
1
y
+
1
2
= +
p
kq
y
+
1
=

1
= . (s)
2
=

2
= . (s)
T d ta c:
p
1
-p
kq
y
= - -

1
2

- p
1
- p
kq
= -.at
Vy:
p
ck
= .at



Bi 3.36:
Vit phuong trnh djnh lut Becnulli cho mt
ct 2-2 v 3-3 vi mt phng so snh l mt
0-0 nhu hnh v:
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
=
3
+
p
3
y
+
o
3
3
2
+
W2-3

Vi cc gi trj: p
2
= p
kq
;
2
= E;
2
= ;
3
= ; p
3
= p
kq
;
3
=

=

n
2
=
- . -
-3
n - ( -
-3
)
2
= .(s)
Tn tht ct p s bng tng cc tn tht doc dung v cuc b:
W2-3
=
w
+
d

d
= - I (do tn tht doc dung ti l vi chiu di)
o
2
= o
3
=
E =

3
2
+
w
+ - I - =
E -
3
2
-
w
I
=
. -
.
2
- 9.8
-.
= .
Vit phuong trnh djnh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 2-2 v 1-1 vi mt phng so snh l mt 0-0:
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
=
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
+
W1-2

- E +
p
kq
y
=
p
1
y
+
3
2
+
w
+ -
-
p
1d
y
=
p
1
-p
kq
y
= E -
3
2
-
w
- -
- =
-
p
1d
y
+ E -
3
2
-
w

=
-
. - 98
98
+ . -
.
2
- 9.8
- .
.
= .()
V dung do p



Bi 3.39:

Chon mt O-O l mt phng chun d so snh:
Vit phuong trnh Becnulli cho mt ct tai 1-1 v 2-2 vi gi trj p tuyt di ta c:
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
+
w

-
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
+
T ng do p ta c phuong trnh:
p
A
1
= p
B
1



- p
A
+y
n
(
1
- ) + y
tn
. = p
B
+ y
n
.
2

- p
A
-p
B
= y
n
.
2
-y
n
(
1
- ) - y
tn
.
- p
A
-p
B
= y
n
. (
2
-
1
) + (y
n
- y
tn
)
-
p
A
- p
B
y
n
= (
2
-
1
) +
(y
n
- y
tn
)
y
n

-
p
A
-p
B
y
n
= (
2
-
1
) + -
y
tn
y
n
] ()
Thay (2) vo (1) ta suy ra duoc:
p
1
- p
2
y
n
= (
2
-
1
) +
2
2
-
1
2

- (
2
-
1
) + -
y
tn
y
n
] = (
2
-
1
) +
2
2
-
1
2

- -
y
tn
y
n
] =

2
2
-
1
2

-
1
2
= -gz -
y
tn
y
n
] +
2
2

-
1
= _gz - +
y
tn
y
n
] +
2
2

Vi:
2
=

2
o
2
=

B
o
B
= .
m
s

-
1
= _gz - +
y
tn
y
n
] +
2
2
= .
m
s

Luu luong nuc l:
1
=
A
=
1
1
= .
3
s

1
=
s
]



Bi 3-41:
Chon mt phng chun O-O nhu hnh v
Vit phuong trnh Becnulli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 vi p sut du:
p
1d
y
+
1
+
1
2
=
p
2d
y
+
2
+
2
2

- +
1
+
1
2
= +
2
+
2
2

-
2
=
1
+
1
2
2
2
()
Phuong trnh lin tuc p dung cho knh tai doan du v doan thu hep;
=
1
1
b
1
=
2
2
b
2

-
2
=

1
1
b
1
2
b
2
()
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:
1
b
1
2
b
2
=
1
+
1
2
2
2

-
1
+

1
2
2
b
2
+
2
2

- b
2
2
3
-
1
+
1
2
b
2
2
+ =
Sau khi thay s vo v gii ra ta duoc gi trj ca v
2
l:
2
= .
s



-
2
=

2
b
2
=
8
. - 8
= .98()

Bi 3.46:

Phuong trnh dng luong cho doan dng chy duoc gii han bi 2 mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 di vi truc
chiu s nm ngang hung t tri sang phi:
s
= p. (o
o2
.
2s
-o
o1
.
1s
)
Coi: o
o2
= o
o1

-
s
= p. (
2
-
1
)
Luc ngoi gm c:
Luc khi trong luong ca doan dng chy l G tuy nhin G
s
= 0
Luc mt:
Luc ma st trn thnh ng. Tuy nhin ta chi xt 1 phn ng ngn nn coi luc ma st l nh
nn c th b qua
p luc nuc xung quanh tc dng ln mt dng 1-1 v 2-2:
1
,
2

1
= p
1
2
= p
2
2

Phuong trnh dinh lut Becnuli cho 2 mt 1-1 v 2-2 vi mt O-O l mt chun:
1
+
p
1d
y
+
1
2
=
2
+
p
2d
y
+
2
2
+
W1-2

-
p
1d
y
+
1
+
1
2
=
p
2d
y
+
2
+
2
2
van
.
2
2

Tuy nhin do Q v l khng di nn:
1
=
2
=


Vit lai phuong trnh trn ta c:
p
1
y
+

2
=
p
2
y
+

2
van
.
2
2

- p
1
- p
2
=

van
.
2
2
y
Goi phn luc ca van tc dng vo dng nuc l R
Ta c:
s
=
1
-
2
+
- p(
2
-
1
) = (p
1
- p
2
)-
- = -p(
2
-
1
) +
van
.
2
2
y(Bo
2
=
1
)
- =

van
.
2
2
y

Gi trj R = gi trj p luc tc dung ln ca van: - = =
{
van
.
2
2
2g
y
Vi: =

o

= ob
p dung thay s: P=112.5 (kN)

Chuong IV: Tn tht ct nuc trong dng chy
Bi 4-14:
S W =
d
v

Vi nuc c nhit d = C - v = .cm
2
s
Vy ta c W =
d
v
=
13,1.2
0,0131
= >
Vy nuc chy ri
Chiu dy ca lp mng st thnh
o
t
=
,
W
d
0.875
=
,.
0.875
= .8(mm)
Ta thy:
o
t
> A


Nn nuc chy ri trong khu thnh tron thy luc
Bi 4-20:
Tn tht doc dung h
d
tnh theo cng thc Darcy:
d
= z

= .()
Ta gi s rng nuc trong ng chy khu sc cn bnh phuong
Ta tnh C theo cng thc Maninh: =
1
n
16

Vi =
d
4
=
250
4
= ,(mm)
J . (tra bng vi ng thung)
T d ta c : =
1
0.0125
(. -
-3
)
16
= .(
0.5
s)
Mt khc ta c:

=
_
8
z
- z =
8
c
2
= 8 -
9.8
.
2
= .
Thay vo cng thc h
d
:
d
= . -
500
250-10
-3
-

2
2-9.81
= .() - = .
m
s

Vi - = .(s) ta kim tra lai diu kin chy ri trong khu sc cn bnh phuong
Ta kim tra lai diu kin chy ri trong khu sc cn bnh phuong
W =

v
= 88 > - cy r
o
t
=
.
W
d
0.875
= .(mm) < A = .
Vy gi thit dng.
Luu luong nuc chy qua l:
= . = .
n(.
-3
)
2
.(
3
s)



Bi 4.26:

Vit
phuong trnh djnh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 vi mt phng so snh l mt 2-2:
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
+
W1-2

- E + + = + + +
w1-2

- E =
W1-2
=
d
1-2
+
c
I
+
c
II

Tn tht doc dung:
d1-2
= z

Ta xt:
W =
vu
v
=

v
= 99 >
Vy nuc chy ri
Xt:
o
t
=
. -
W
0.875
=
. -
99
0.875
= .(mm)
Ta c: o
t
< A - Chy ri trong khu sc cn bnh phuong
Cng thc Niucrat
z =

g
r
o
A
+ .
2
=

g
.8
+ .
2

- z = .
Tn tht cuc b tai ch vo ng l:
c1
=
vao
1
2
= .

Tn tht cuc b tai ch m rng ra dt ngt


c
2
=
ra
1
2
=

2

Vy ta c:
w1-2
= (z

+
vao
+
ra
)

2

-
w1-2
= .

-
-3
+. + ]

2
- 9.8

w1-2
= .8() = E

Vy d chnh cao:
E = .8()
Bi 4.30:

Vit phuong trnh djnh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 vi mt phng so snh l mt O-O:
1
+
p
1
y
+
o
1
1
2
=
2
+
p
2
y
+
o
2
2
2
+
W1-2

- E + + = +
2
2
+ +
w1-2

- E =

2
2
+
w1-2

- E =
W1-2
=
d
1-2
+
c
I
+
c
II
+
c
III
+
c
IV

Tuy nhin do ta b qua tn tht doc dung nn:
d1-2
=
Ta tnh ton cc tn tht cuc b:
CI
=
1
(
1
)
2
= .
2
2
(
1
=
1
=

)


CII
=
II
(
1
i
)
2
= -

1
2
]
2
2
2
= -
]
2
2
2
= .
2
2
C
III
=
III
(
2
)
2
2
2
= .
2
2
C
IV
=
IV
(
2
)
2
2
2

Thay cc gi trj trn vo phuong trnh Becnuli:
E =

2
2
+ (. + . + . +. )
2
2

-
2
=
E
.98
=
- 9.8 -
.98
= .
s

T d ta tnh duoc luu luong:
=
2
= . - . -
( -
-3
)
2
= .
3
s

= .
s
]
v dung do p ta xt them gi trj:
2
=

n
= .(s)

Bi 4.31:
Ta tm luu luong xng t da m phu cho php chy
qua. Xt phu trang thi ngp xng hon ton.
Vit phuong trnh djnh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 2' 2'
v 2-2 vi mt phng so snh l mt 2-2:
2
| +
p
2
|
d
y
+
o
2
|
2
|
2
=
2
+
p
2d
y
+
o
2
2
2
+
W1-2

- + + = +
2
2
+ +
w1-2
|
- =

2
2
2
2
- = ( + )
2
2
2
= _
gh
+
=
_
- 9.8 - -
-3
+ .
= .
m
s



Luu luong ti da cho php qua phu m phu khng bj trn l:
2
=
2
2
= .n
2
2
= .9 -
-3

s

Hay:
2
= .9
I
s

Xt b cha

Vit phuong trnh djnh lut Becnulli cho mt ct 1 1 v 1'-1' vi mt phng so snh l mt 1'-1':
1
+
p
1d
y
+
1
2
=
1
| +
p
1
|
d
y
+
1
|
2
+
w1-1
|
- E + + = + +
1
|
2
+
w1-1
|
- E =

1
|
2
+
C
I
+
C
II
+
C
III

Trong d
C
I
,
C
II
,
C
III
tuong ng l cc tn tht cuc b tai vj tr , , trn hnh v
C
I
=
vao

1
|
2
= .
1
|
2
C
II
=
K

1
|
2
= 8.
1
|
2
C
III
=
uon
1
|
2
= .
1
|
2

Thay vo phuong trnh Becnuli trn
E =

1
|
2
+ .
1
|
2
+ 8.
1
|
2
+ .
1
|
2

E = .
1
|
2

Do luu luong ti da l Q=4.9(l/s) nn vn tc ti da trong ng l:



1
| =

2
|
n
1
2
=
.9 -
-3
. -
( -
-3
)
2
= .9
s

Vy ta c:
E = .
1
|
2
= .
.9
- 9.8
= .8()
Bi 4.33:

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