APES- Chapter #23 Guided Reading Botkin & Keller- Materials Manage ent Chapter !

"#e$ti%es& ' (he i portan$e o) resour$es to so$iet* ' (he di))eren$es "et+een ineral resour$es and reser%es ' (he )a$tors that $ontrol the en%iron ental i pa$t o) ineral e,ploitation ' -o+ +astes generated )ro the use o) ineral resour$es a))e$t the en%iron ent ' (he so$ial i pa$ts o) ineral e,ploitation ' -o+ sustaina"ilit* a* "e linked to the +a* +e use nonrene+a"le resour$es ' (he e erging $on$epts o) aterials anage ent and ho+ to a$hie%e it ' (he ad%antages and disad%antages o) ea$h o) the a#or ethods that $onstitute integrated +aste anage ent ' (he %arious ethods o) anaging ha.ardous $he i$al +aste ' (he pro"le s related to o$ean du ping and +h* the* +ill likel* persist )or so e ti e Pg/ 021& (reasures o) the Cell Phone 2& 3hat are the reasons +h* e-+aste is not re$*$led ore4 Because it's expensive and there is no simple and effective way to do it. 23/2& (he 5 portan$e o) Resour$es to So$iet* 2& 6e)ine the )ollo+ing& 7 Rene+a"le Resour$es & A resource that can naturally by recycled. 7 8on-Rene+a"le Resour$es & Resources that can not be restored in enough time for the use of people. 3hat di))erentiates rene+a"le and non-rene+a"le resour$es4 Renewable resources are air, surface water, some ground water, plants, animals and nonrenewable is soil, oil, coal, most minerals. 2& -o+ an* tons o) non-)uel 10 tons of non fuel minerals inerals does the t*pi$al A eri$an use per *ear4

23/2& Materials Manage ent& 3hat is it4 2& 6e)ine Materials Manage ent& environmental goal of sustainable obtaining and using renewable and nonrenewable resources. 2& 3hat are 0 +a*s that this $an "e pursued4 !liminate subside for extracting virgin materials" oil, timber, minerals !stablish #green building$ incentives that encourage the use of recycled content material Assess financial penalties for production that uses poor materials management practices %rovide financial incentives for industrial practices and products that benefit the environment 3& -o+ does the idea o) aterials anage ent and re$*$ling $hanging +here paper are lo$ated4 &hey are located near cities with large amounts of recycled paper. ills

23/3& Mineral Resour$es 2& 3hen etals are $on$entrated in su$h high a ounts "* geologi$ pro$esses9 ore deposits are )or ed/ 2& 5n the Earth:s $rust9 +hi$h ele ent akes up the ost ; "* $o position4 3hat is 2nd4 'xygen ma(es up the most of the !arth's crust and )ilicon ma(es up second. 3& -o+ are sedi entar* pro$esses and +eathering in%ol%ed in ineral deposits4 )edimentary process transport sediment by wind, water, and glaciers and typically concentrate materials in sufficient amounts for extracting. *eathering concentrates minerals in soil li(e gold and oxides of aluminum and iron. 23/<& =iguring !ut -o+ Mu$h is >e)t 2& 3hat is the di))eren$e "et+een a ineral resour$e and a ineral reser%e4 +ineral resource are (nown concentrations of elements, chemical compounds, minerals, or roc(s. +ineral reserves are concentrations that at the time of evaluation can be legally and economically extracted as a commodity that can be sold at a profit. 2& Earth:s ineral resour$es $an "e di%ided into +hi$h "road $ategories4 !lements for metal production and technology, building materials, minerals for the chemical industry, and building minerals for agriculture. 3& 3hen the a%aila"ilit* o) a parti$ular ineral "e$o es li ited9 there are )our possi"le solutions& 2& ,ind more sources 2& Recycle and reuse what has already been obtained 3& Reduce consumption <& ,ind a substitute 23/0& 5 pa$t o) Mineral 6e%elop ent 2& 3hat are so e o) the en%iron ental i pa$ts o) sur)a$e ining ?open-pit ines@4 !nvironmental degradation, changing topography,release of harmful trace elements. 2& 3hat are so e o) the so$ial i pa$ts o) large s$ale ining operations4 &hey place stresses on local service, li(e water supplies, sewage and solid waste disposal system also on schooling, housing, and nearby recreations and wilderness areas. 3& 3hat $an "e done to ini i.e the en%iron ental e))e$ts o) ining4 &here can be environmental regulations bother federal, state and local levels. Reclaiming areas disturbed by mining, stabili-ing soils, controlling air emissions, treating waste on and offsite. <& 3hat are the 3 R:s o) +aste Reduce, reuse, recycle. anage ent4

23/A& Materials Manage ent and !ur 3aste 2& Co pare Bdilute and disperseC to the $onte porar* ethod o) B$on$entrate and $ontainC/ .ilute and disperse means to get rid of waste easily. /oncentrate and contain means to hold chemicals in drums or tan(s that can lea(. 2& 5n the ne,t )e+ *ears9 ho+ an* D/S/ $ities +ill run out o) land)ill spa$e4 0 of the cities in the 1nited )tates 3& 3hat is B85MBEC4 2ot 3n +y Bac( 4ard <& 6es$ri"e the $on$ept o) Bindustrial e$olog*C and ho+ it +ill "e essential in the )uture/ 3ndustrial !cology is -ero waste. )o under this principle our industrial society would function much as a natural ecosystem functions. *aste from one part of the system would be resource for another part. 0& 3hat is *our opinion o) Bpa* as *ou thro+C4 6e)end *our opinion &he pay and throw seems to be a good idea. *ith this hopefully big industries will begin to limit their waste to save money. &hey will also reali-e how much waste they put out. *ith this the waste will probably lower which would help clean up the environment a bit. 23/F& 5ntegrated 3aste Manage ent 2& 6e)ine 5ntegrated 3aste Manage ent ?53M@& A set of management alternatives that includes, reuse, source reduction, recycling, composting, landfill, and incineration. 2& 3hat is +aste strea 4 &he waste produced. 3& 3hat is single-strea re$*$ling4 %aper, glass, plastic and metals that are not separated before collection. <& 3hat are so e $reati%e +a*s that industr* are en$ouraging re$*$ling4 ,ast food restaurants are using less pac(aging and providing recycling bins. 5roceries and supermar(ets are recycling plastic and paper bags b, some offer inexpensive cloth bags. 0& -o+ $an hu an +aste ?night soil@ "e re-used and re$*$led4 3hat are so e dra+"a$ks4 3t can be used to spread on agriculture, but it can cause diseases from contamination to the food. 23/G& Muni$ipal Solid-3aste Manage ent 2& 3hi$h produ$t $o prises the largest per$entage o) +aste du ped in the Dnited States4 5s this surprising4 %aper, which is not surprising because paper is an everyday essential. 2& 6e)ine Co posting& ?3hat are the pros and $ons4@ 3t is a biochemical process in which organic material 6lawn clippings and (itchen scraps7 decompose to rich, soil li(e material. Pros H 'ne can compost in bac(yard

Cons- 'ne needs to separate organic material from waste and is only advantageous when organic material is collected separately from other waste. 3& 3hat are the pros and $ons o) in$ineration4 Pros- may reduce volume of waste by 89 : ;9< 3t can be used to supplement other fuels and generate electric power Cons- 2ot a clean process. /an produce air pollution and toxic ash. <& 3hat is a sanitar* land)ill and ho+ is it a$$o plished4 -o+ is a sanitar* land)ill sele$ted4 3hat things need to "e $onsidered4 3t is designed to concentrate and contain refuse without creating a nuisance or ha-ard to public health or safety. &hey are selected by topography, location, amount of precipitation, types of soil and roc(. &hings one should consider are the local resistance, places where residents tend to have low socioeconomic status. 0& 3hat is en%iron ental #usti$e4 &he study f social issues in siting waste facilities chemical plants and other such facilities. A& 3hat is lea$hate4 2oxious, minerali-ed, li=uid capable of transporting bacterial pollutants. F& -o+ $an pollutants enter the en%iron ent )ro sanitar* land)ills4 >eavy metals can retain in the soil. *ind can transport toxic materials to other areas. G& 3hat are the )ederal andates )or sanitar* land)ills4 R/RA is the federal mandate for sanitary landfills. 3t is suppose to strengthen and standardi-e the design, operations and monitoring of sanitary landfills. I& 3hat are so e a$tions *ou $an take to redu$e the +aste *ou generate4 Buy products with less pac(aging, reuse products, recycle whatever possible, use cloth bags, wal(. 23/I& -a.ardous 3aste 2& 3here is ost o) the ha.ardous +aste generated in the D/S/4 3hat are the sour$es o) ha.ardous +aste in the Dnited States4 !ast of the +ississippi River. )ources are chemical products, electronics, petroleum and coal products industries. 2& Su ari.e ?in 3-< senten$es@ the stor* o) >o%e Canal/ 3n 1?;@ the creating of a canal in 2ew 4or( stopped and was used to dump unwanted waste. About @0,000 tons was dumped with more than ?0 chemicals. As a result @00 homes, schools and ?00 families had to relocate due to high rates of miscarriages, blood and live abnormalities because of the toxins. &oday it is called Blac( /ree( Aillage. 23/2& A Closer >ook& Be-+aste& A Gro+ing En%iron ental Pro"le C 2& Su ari.e the pro"le +ith e-+aste in the Dnited States/ 3n the 1nited )tates we transport our e waste to places li(e 2igeria and /hina. &here people search from the pile of rubbish for things to salvage in hopes to earn a buc( or two. &his is a huge problem because the people there are day after day exposed to the toxins all the electronics let off. )adly the 1.) has not made any promising attempts to regulate the computer industry so it will produce less waste.

23/21& -a.ardous-3aste >egislation 2& 3hat is the purpose o) RCRA ?Resour$e Conser%ation and Re$o%er* A$t@4 &o identify ha-ardous wastes and their life cycles. 3t issues guidelines and assigns responsibilities to those who manufacture transport and dispose ha-ardous waste. 2& 3hat is the purpose o) CERC>A ?Co prehensi%e En%iron ental Response9 Co pensation and >ia"ilit* A$t@4 3t develops list of sites where ha-ardous substances are more li(ely produced or have already been producedBexposed to the environment. 23/22& -a.ardous-3aste Manage ent& >and 6isposal 2& >ook at the $hart on pg/ 0<2- >ist the PR!SJC!8S o) ea$h o) the -a.ard Redu$tion (e$hnologies Candfill %ro low to moderate cost Candfill /on >ighly toxic and persisten chemicals 3nDection %ro Cow cost 3nDection /on /orrosive, highly toxic, reactive 3ncineration %ro Recovery of energy and acids 3ncineration /on : >igh cost, toxic and heavy metal concentration >igh &emperature .ecomposition %ro !nergy recovery, metal recovery >igh &emperature .ecomposition /on >igh cost 23/23& !$ean 6u ping 2& 3hat are so e o) the +a*s that o$ean pollution has a))e$ted o$ean li)e4 3t causes death, slows growth and reproduction of organisms. 2& 3h* are the arine +aters o) Europe in trou"le4 1rban and agriculture pollutants have raised concentrations of nutrients in seawater. 3& 3h* is the i$rola*er o) the o$ean $onsidered to "e so i portant4 +icrolayers are 10 to 10,000 times higher heavy metal concentrate than the deep oceans. 23/2<& Pollution Pre%ention 2& 3hat are the steps o) o$ean pollution pre%ention4 %urchasing proper amounts of raw materials, exercising better control of materials, improving engineering and designing of manufacturing. 23/20& Sustaina"le Resour$e Manage ent 2& 3hat is the R to C Ratio- 3hat does it tell us4 &he ratio of reserves to the rate of consumption. 3t tells us how much time we have to find solutions to the depletion of nonrenewable reserves.

Read& Can 3e Make Re$*$ling a =inan$iall* Kia"le 5ndustr*4 Ans+er the )ollo+ing& 2& 3hat $an "e done a"out the glo"al pro"le o) e-+aste4 Could ore "e re$*$led sa)el*4 %revention from sending e waste to other countries could save peoples lives who die from cancer because of the exposure of the toxins. 3t would encourage the government to enforce companies to create recyclable products. 2& 3hat $an "e done to assist re$*$ling industries to "e$o e ore $ost-e))e$ti%e4 3ncentives could assist recycling industries to become more cost effective 3& 3hat are so e o) the indire$t "ene)its to so$iet* and the en%iron ent )ro &here will be cleaner air, water. re$*$ling4

<& 6e)ine or $riti$i.e the $ontention that i) +e reall* +ant to do so ething to i pro%e the en%iron ent through redu$tion o) +aste9 +e ha%e to o%e "e*ond e%aluating "ene)its o) re$*$ling "ased si pl* on the )a$t that it a* $ost ore than du ping +aste in a land)ill/ 3 thin( that no mater the cost if it has a great benefit to people and the future of the earth it should be done. *e created this mess it's time to fix it. 0& 3hat are the re$*$ling e))orts in *our $o unit* and uni%ersit*9 and ho+ $ould i pro%e ents "e ade4 3 see recycling bins in restaurants and on the streets some times. &here could be more advertising about being more environmentally friendly and more organic products sold at a lower price. Su ar*& Suppose *ou )ound that the ho e *ou had "een li%ing in )or 20 *ears +as lo$ated o%er a "uried +aste disposal site/ 3hat +ould *ou do4 3hat kinds o) studies $ould "e done to e%aluate the potential pro"le s4 3 would probably go all !rin Ber(awitch and get to the bottom of this mess. 3 would be so mad that my family never (new of this and try to get them to move. )tudies that could be done is to test the concentration of the toxic water.