TCN 68 - 177: 1998

H TH#NG THNG TIN QUANG V VIBA SDH

YU CU K" THU%T

OPTICAL FIBER AND MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
BASED ON THE SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

2

mc lc

Li ni #$u............................................................................................................ 3
1. Ph&m vi p d(ng............................................................................................... 4
2. *+nh ngh-a, thu0t ng2 v ch2 vi4t t7t ............................................................. 4
2.1 "nh ngh%a ............................................................................................... 4
2.2 Thu(t ng+ v ch+ vi-t t0t.......................................................................... 8
3. Tiu chu9n k; thu0t ........................................................................................12
3.1 Yu c2u c3u trc h4 th5ng .......................................................................12
3.2 Ch7 tiu k9 thu(t h4 th5ng thng tin quang SDH......................................14
3.3 Ch7 tiu k9 thu(t h4 th5ng viba SDH t5c ;< 155 Mbit/s v 622 Mbit/s.....16
3.4 Yu c2u v= qu>n l...................................................................................31
3.5 Yu c2u v= giao di4n ;?ng b< SDH .........................................................33
PH LC A (Quy #$nh): Quy =+nh tn hi>u b?o d3Ang .....................................41
PH LC B1 (Tham kh&o): Qui =+nh vC trDn tn hi>u .......................................43
PH LC B2 (Tham kh&o): *iCu ch4 trong h> thFng viba SDH........................44
PH LC 3 (Tham kh&o): ChG tiu k; thu0t thi4t b+ v tuy4n SDH..................46
PH LC B4 (Tham kh&o): Ph3Bng thHc sJ d(ng cc byte SOH v RFCOH...53
Ti liu tham kho ..............................................................................................56
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

3




LKI NI *NU


Tiu chu)n TCN 68 - 177: 1998 #,-c bin so/n d0a trn cc khuy1n ngh$ c4a
ITU, tiu chu)n ngnh, thuy1t minh k6 thu9t c4a cc hng trn th1 gi:i.
Tiu chu)n ny ban hnh nh<m #p >ng nhu c?u:
- @nh gi v l0a chAn hC thDng truyEn dFn thng tin quang v vi ba SDH
trn m/ng viHn thng quDc gia;
- Qu&n l, khai thc v b&o d,Ing hC thDng truyEn dFn thng tin quang v vi
ba SDH trn m/ng viHn thng quDc gia.
Tiu chu)n TCN 68 - 177: 1998 do ViCn Khoa hAc k6 thu9t B,u #iCn bin
so/n, VJ Khoa hAc cng nghC v H-p tc quDc t1 #E ngh$ v #,-c TKng cJc B,u
#iCn ban hnh theo Quy1t #$nh sD 784/1998/Q@-TCB@ ngy 21 thng 12 nLm
1998 c4a TKng cJc tr,Mng tKng cJc b,u #iCn.

V KHOA HNC CNG NGHP - HRP TC QUTC TV
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

4
H TH#NG THNG TIN QUANG V VIBA SDH
YU CU K" THU%T

OPTICAL FIBER AND MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
BASED ON THE SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT
(Ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 784/1998/Q-TCB
ngy 21 thng 12 nm 1998 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Bu in)
1. Ph&m vi p d(ng
Tiu chu)n ny bao gWm cc yu c?u v chX tiu k6 thu9t c. b&n c?n thi1t cho
viCc #nh gi cc hC thDng thng tin quang v viba SDH khi h-p chu)n, lZp #[t,
nghiCm thu v b&o d,Ing.
Tiu chu)n ny chX p dJng cho hC thDng thng tin viba tDc #\ 155 Mbit/s v
1622 Mbit/s; hC thDng thng tin quang tDc #\ 155 Mbit/s, 622 Mbit/s v 2,5 Gbit/s.
2. *+nh ngh-a, thu0t ng2 v ch2 vi4t t7t
2.1 '(nh ngh+a
2.1.1 Phn c3p s5 ;?ng b< - A . SDH - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
T9p h-p phn c]p c4a cc c]u trc truyEn t&i sD #Wng b\ #,-c chu)n ha #^
truyEn cc t&i thng tin m\t cch thch >ng trn cc m/ng truyEn dFn v9t l.
2.1.2 Modul truy=n t>i ;?ng b< STM - A. Synchronous Transport Module
C]u trc thng tin #,-c dng #^ cung c]p cc k1t nDi l:p phn #o/n (section
layer) trong SDH. N bao gWm ph?n t&i thng tin v ph?n thng tin mo #?u SOH
#,-c tK ch>c thnh c]u trc khung theo khDi, #,-c l[p l/i sau m_i chu k` 125 ms.
Thng tin #,-c tK ch>c m\t cch ph h-p #^ truyEn dFn qua mi tr,bng truyEn
dFn M tDc #\ #,-c #Wng b\ v:i m/ng.
LuWng c. sM: STM-1 l 155520 kbit/s.
STM-4 l 622080 kbit/s.
STM-16 l 2488320 kbit/s.
2.1.3 Con-te-n@ >o VC-N - A. Virtual Container-n
VC l c]u trc thng tin #,-c sc dJng #^ cung c]p cc k1t nDi l:p #,bng dFn
trong SOH. N bao gWm ph?n t&i tin v thng tin dFn #,bng #,-c tK ch>c thnh
m\t c]u trc khung #,-c l[p l/i sau m_i chu k` 125 ms ho[c 500 ms. Thng tin
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

5
#Wng b\ #^ xc #$nh v$ tr bZt #?u c4a VC-N #,-c cung c]p bMi l:p nghiCp vJ
m/ng. C 2 lo/i con-te-n. &o:
Con-te-n. &o b9c th]p VC-N (n = 1, 2) ch>a m\t C-n (n = 1, 2) cng v:i ph?n
mo #?u luWng POH t,.ng >ng.
Con-te-n. &o b9c cao VC-N (n = 3, 4) ch>a m\t C-n (n =3, 4) ho[c nhm cc
TUG (TUG-2 ho[c TUG-3) cng v:i ph?n mo #?u luWng POH t,.ng >ng.
2.1.4 Kh5i qu>n l b(c n - A. Administrative Unit-n
C]u trc thng tin #^ cung c]p t,.ng h-p gida l:p #,bng dFn b9c cao v l:p
vng ghp knh. N bao gWm ph?n t&i tin (con-te-n. &o b9c cao) v con tre khDi
vng ghp knh.
AU-4: Bao gWm VC-4 v con tre khDi qu&n l. Con tre khDi qu&n l c ch>c
nLng #Wng chXnh pha VC-4 v:i khung STM-N.
AU-3: Bao gWm VC-3 v con tre khDi qu&n l. Con tre khDi qu&n l c ch>c
nLng #Wng chXnh pha cho VC-3 sZp x1p vo khung STM-N.
M\t ho[c nhiEu AU ghp l/i v:i nhau t/o thnh AUG (Administrative Unit
Group).
M\t AUG c th^ gWm cc AU-3 ho[c 1 AU-4.
2.1.5 Kh5i nhnh TU-n - A. Tributary Unit-n
KhDi nhnh TU l m\t c]u trc thng tin cung c]p s0 t,.ng h-p gida l:p
#,bng dFn b9c th]p v l:p #,bng dFn b9c cao. N bao gWm ph?n t&i tin (con-ten-
n. &o b9c th]p) v m\t con tre khDi nhnh chX ra #\ b c4a v$ tr bZt #?u khung t&i
tin v v$ tr bZt #?u khung con-te-n. b9c cao.
TU-n (n = i , 2, 3) gWm c 1 VC-N cng v:i m\t con tre TU-n.
M\t ho[c nhiEu TU-n #,-c ghp l/i thnh TUG (Tributary Unit Group).
2.1.6 Con-te-n@ -n (n = 1,... 4)
Con-te-n. l m\t c]u trc thng tin, t/o thnh tr,bng tin c4a cc VC-n. @Di
v:i m_i con-te-n. &o xc #$nh c m\t con-te-n. t,.ng >ng. M\t sD hdu h/n cc
con-te-n. tiu chu)n #,-c xc #$nh v c ch>c nLng thch >ng cc tDc #\ m/ng
thng dJng. Cc tDc #\ ny #,-c #$nh ra trong G.702, # l 1544 kbit/s; 2048
kbit/s; 34368 kbit/s; 44736 kbit/s v 139264 kbit/s.

TCN 68 - 177: 1998

6
2.1.7 Giao di4n nt mAng NNI - A. Network Node Interface
Giao diCn nt m/ng l giao diCn dng #^ k1t nDi v:i nt m/ng khc nh, bi^u
diHn M hnh 1.

Hnh 1: V" tr cBa NNI
2.1.8 Con trD - A. Pointer
Con tre l b\ chX bo #^ chX ra #\ lCch khung c4a m\t VC v:i v$ tr chu)n c4a
n trong ph?n tc tn hiCu mang.
2.1.9 S0p x-p SDH - A. SDH Mapping
SZp x1p SDH l qu trnh nh<m thch >ng cc tn hiCu nhnh vo cc VC M
ph?n bin c4a m/ng SDH.
2.1.10 Ghp knh SDH - A. SDH Multiplexing
Ghp knh SDH l qu trnh ghp m cc tn hiCu luWng b9c th]p #,-c thch
>ng vo m\t luWng b9c cao ho[c ghp cc tn hiCu b9c cao vo tn hiCu STM-n.
2.1.11 Hi4u ch7nh SDH - A. SDH Aligning
HiCu chXnh SDH l qu trnh #Wng chXnh pha trong cc luWng TU hay AU.
2.1.12 Thi-t b" ph5i lu?ng ;?ng b< SDXC - A. Synchronous Digital Cross Connect
Thi1t b$ phDi luWng sD #Wng b\ SDXC cho php chuy^n m/ch cc luWng
truyEn dFn M cc tDc #\ bit khc nhau. Thi1t b$ SDXC c th^ xen v rf cc tn 'hiCu
c]p th]p (theo hnh 2).
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

7

Hnh 2: S@ ;? kh5i thi-t b" SDXC
2.1.13 Thi-t b" xen rE knh ADM - A. Add Dropp Multiplexer
Thi1t b$ xen rf knh cho php xen v rf cc tn hiCu c]p th]p nh, #,-c th^
hiCn trn hnh 3.

Hnh 3: S@ ;? kh5i thi-t b" ADM
2.1.14 Cc thi-t b" ghp knh ;?ng b< MUX - A. Synchronous Multiplexer
Thi1t b$ ghp knh #Wng b\ MUX th0c hiCn cc ch>c nLng chuy^n #Ki cc tn
hiCu PDH sang tn hiCu SDH v ghp cc luWng tn hiCu SDH m>c th]p thnh
luWng tn hiCu SDH b9c cao. Ch>c nLng MUX l m\t ph?n c4a SDXC v ADM
(theo hnh 4).

Hnh 4: S@ ;? kh5i thi-t b" MUX
2.1.15 Thi-t b" lFp ;?ng b< REG - A. Synchronous Regenerator
Thi1t b$ l[p #Wng b\ l[p l/i tn hiCu #,bng truyEn dFn #?u vo nh, #,-c th^
hiCn trn hnh 5.

Hnh 5: S@ ;? kh5i thi-t b" REG
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

8
2.1.16 SG thHng ging cBa tn hi4u thu do nh+ng bi-n ;Ii cBa mi tr,Kng truy=n
dMn theo thKi gian - A. Fading
2.1.17 ChuyOn mAch t5c ;< cao khng lPi - A. Hitless
2.1.18 ?ng h? nt - A . Node clock
@Wng hW nt l #Wng hW cung c]p tn hiCu #Wng b\ cho m\t ho[c nhiEu thi1t
b$.
2.1.19 ChuPi ;?ng b< - A. Synchronization Chain
Chu_i #Wng b\ l m\t chu_i ho/t #\ng c4a cc nt v tuy1n #Wng b\.
2.1.20 Ngu?n ;"nh thKi cBa thi-t b" SDH - A. Synchronous Equipment Timing
Source - SETS
NguWn #$nh thbi c4a thi1t b$ SDH l ch>c nLng logic bi^u th$ t]t c& cc ch>c
nLng lin quan #1n #Wng b\ trong m\t ph?n tc m/ng SDH.
2.1.21 ?ng h? cBa thi-t b" SDH - A. SDH Equipment Clock
@Wng hW c4a thi1t b$ SDH l ch>c nLng logic c4a thi1t b$ SDH gid vai tr c4a
thi1t b$ #Wng hW c4a ph?n tc m/ng SDH v:i cc #[c tnh #$nh thbi theo G.813.
2.1.22 Kho>ng li ko - A. Pull-in Range
Kho&ng li ko l #\ lCch l:n nh]t gida t?n sD tham chi1u c4a #Wng hW t: v:i
m\t t?n sD danh #$nh xc #$nh m trong kho&ng # #Wng hW t: ti1p tJc M ch1 #\
kho.
2.1.23 Kho>ng ko ra - A. Pull-out Range
Kho&ng ko ra l d\ lCch gida t?n sD tham chi1u c4a #Wng hW t: v:i m\t t?n
sD danh #$nh xc #$nh m trong kho&ng # #Wng hW t: M ch1 #\ kho cn ngoi
kho&ng # th #Wng hW t: khng th^ duy tr ch1 #\ kho v:i b]t k` tDc #\ thay #Ki
t?n sD no.
2.2 Thu.t ng/ v ch/ vi1t t4t
ACDP Alternated Channel Dual
Polarization
Phn c0c kp ki^u xen kf
ADM Add and Drop Multiplexer Cc b\ xen rf knh
AFDE Adaptive Frequency Domain
Equalizer
B\ cn b<ng vng t?n sD thch >ng
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

9
ALS Alarm Indication Signal Tn hiCu chX th$ c&nh bo
AP Access Point @i^m truy nh9p
APS Automatic Protection Switching Chuy^n m/ch b&o vC t0 #\ng
ATDE Adaptive Time Domain Equalizer B\ cn b<ng vng thbi gian thch
>ng
ATPC Automation Transmit Power
Control
T0 #\ng #iEu chXnh cng su]t pht
BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply Cung c]p tn hiCu thbi gian thDng
nh]t trong m\t cng trnh
BLSR Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring Ring chuy^n m/ch #,bng hai
h,:ng
CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization Phn c0c kp ki^u knh chung
CP Connection Point @i^m k1t nDi
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Code M ki^m tra vng c #\ d,
DCC Data Communication Channel Knh sD liCu
DFM Diffraction Fading Margin @\ d0 phng fading tn x/
EAE External Access Equipment Thi1t b$ truy nh9p bn ngoi
EB Errored Block KhDi b$ l_i
ECC Embeded Control Channel Knh #iEu khi^n k1t h-p trong tn
hiCu
ECS Equipment Clock Source NguWn #Wng hW thi1t b$
EDF Error Detection Code M pht hiCn l_i
EMS External Modulated Source NguWn #iEu ch1 ngoi
ES Errored Second Giy b$ l_i
ESL External Synchronization Interface Giao diCn #Wng b\ ngoi
ESR
Errored Second Ratio
Tg lC b$ giy l_i
FEBE
Far End Block Error
L_i khDi #?u xa
FERF
Far End Receive Failure
S0 cD thu #?u xa
FD
Frequency Diversity
Phn t9p l?n sD
FEC
Forward Error Correction
B\ sca l_i tr,:c
FSC
Frame Synchronization Clock
Tn hiCu nh$p #Wng b\ khung
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

10
HD
Hybrid Diversity
Phn t9p ghp
HRDL
Hypothetical Reference Digital
Path
Tuy1n sD gi& #$nh chu)n
HS
Hot Standby
D0 phng nng.
IF
Intermediate Frequency
Trung t?n
GNE
Gateway Network Element
Ph?n tc m/ng gid ch>c nLng cKng
giao diCn
IG
International Gateway
CKng quDc t1
LCN
Local Communication Network
M/ng truyEn thng n\i b\
LEP
Link Error Pulse
Xung l_i #,bng truyEn
LOS
Loss Signal
M]t tn hiCu
LOF
Loss of Frame
M]t khung
LOP
Loss of Pointer
M]t con tre
MRTLE
Maximum Relative Time Interval
Error
L_i kho&ng thbi gian t,.ng #Di c0c
#/i
MBS
Missing Baseband Signal
M]t tn hiCu bLng gDc
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
B&o vC #o/n ghp knh
MSL
Multiplex Section Termination
K1t cuDi #o/n ghp knh
MTLE
Maximum Time Interval Error
L_i kho&ng thbi gian c0c d/i
NE
Network Element
Ph?n tc m/ng
NNL
Network Node Interface
Giao diCn nt m/ng
NP
Network Protection
B&o vC m/ng
OAM
Operation Administration and
Maintenance
Khai thc, qu&n l v b&o d,Ing
OS
Operating System
HC thDng #iEu hnh
PEP
Path End Point
@i^m cuDi c4a luWng
PLL
Phase Locked Loops
Vng kho pha
PRC
Primary Reference Clock
@Wng hW chu)n s. c]p
PSK
Phase Shift Keying
@iEu ch1 PSK, #iEu ch1 kho d$ch
pha
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
@iEu ch1 QAM, #iEu ch1 bin #\
c?u ph,.ng
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

11
RBER
Redundant BER
Tg lC l_i bit d,, l tX lC l_i bit c4a
hC thDng khi khng c fading v
nhiHu ngZn; RBER bi^u th$ ch]t
l,-ng c4a hC thDng khi cW nhiHu
di do &nh h,Mng c4a mi tr,bng
#1n my thu
RFCOH
Radio Frame Complementary
Overhead
Ph?n mo #?u dng cho v tuy1n
RPI
Radio Physical Interface
Giao diCn v9t l v tuy1n
RPS
Radio Protection Switching
Chuy^n m/ch b&o vC v tuy1n
RST
Regenerator Section Terminal
Thi1t b$ l[p
R
Receive
Thu
RTS
Regenerator Timing Source
NguWn #Wng hW c4a b\ l[p
SA
Section Adaption
Ph?n thch >ng
SD
Space Diversity
Phn t9p khng gian
SEC
SDH Equipment Clock
@Wng hW trong thi1t b$ SDH
SM
Synchronous Multiplexer
Thi1t b$ ghp knh #Wng b\
SOH
Section Overhead
Mo #?u c4a #o/n
SPL
SDH Physical Interface
Giao diCn v9t l SDH
SSU
Synchronization Supplying Unit
Thi1t b$ c]p nguWn #Wng b\
ST
Split Transmitter
My pht tch biCt
T
Transmit
Pht
TCM
Trellis Code Modulation
@iEu ch1 m l,:i, m\t d/ng m
#iEu
TDEV
Time Deviation
@\ lCch thbi gian
TM
Terminal
Thi1t b$ #?u cuDi
TR
Tributary
LuWng nhnh
UPSR
Unidirectional Path-switched Ring
Ring chuy^n m/ch tuy1n #.n
h,:ng
XPI
Cross Polarization Interference
NhiHu phn c0c cho
XPIC
Cross Polarization Interference
Canceller
B\ triCt tiu nhiHu phn c0c cho
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

12
3. Tiu chu9n k; thu0t
3.1 Yu c$u c6u trc h7 th8ng
3.1.1 Quy ;"nh c3u trc ghp knh
Ph,.ng php #^ ghp cc tn hiCu b9c th]p vo cc luWng SDH #,-c quy #$nh
trong hnh 6.

Hnh 6: C3u trc ghp knh SDH
3.1.2 Quy ;"nh c3u trc khung
C]u trc khung c4a tn hiCu STM-N #,-c quy #$nh theo hnh 7.
LuWng bit SDH l m\t chu_i cc byte, m_i byte ch>a 8 bit. C]u trc khung
c4a tn hiCu STM-N' gWm 9 hng v:i 270 x N byte M m_i hng, #,-c truyEn theo
nguyn tZc th tri qua ph&i, th trn xuDng d,:i. Trong m\t byte th bit c nghia
l:n nh]t #,-c truyEn #i #?u tin.
Khung SDH chi1m 125 ms gWm c 3 ph?n chnh:
- Ph?n thng tin mo #?u (SOH): 9 x N byte #?u tin th 1-3 v 5-9 dnh cho
thng tin qu&n l v #,-c dng cho b&n thn hC thDng SDH. Cc byte ny #,-c
chia lm 3 ph?n: .
+ Thng tin qu&n l #o/n l[p (RSOH) (3 hng x 9 x N byte).
+ Thng tin qu&n l #o/n ghp knh (MSOH) (5 hng x 9 x N byte).
Cc byte M hng th> 4 #,-c dnh cho con tre (1 hng x 9 x N byte).
Ph?n thng tin t&i SDH gWm: 261 x N byte cn l/i trong m_i hng dng #^
truyEn t&i tin SDH gWm c N AUG. Trong # AUG c th^ ch>a 1 AU-4 ho[c 3
AU-3:
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

13
+ AU-4 thng qua VC-4 c th^ t&i m\t sD TU-n (n = l, 2, 3).
+ AU-3 thng qua VC-3 c th^ t&i m\t sD TU-n (n = l, 2).
M_i VC-n lin k1t #\ng v:i AU-n/TU-n, #,-c xc #$nh b<ng con tre AU-
n/TU-n.

Hnh 7: C3u trc tn hi4u STM-N
3.1.3 Quy ;"nh phn c3p t5c ;<
Ba c]p c4a tn hiCu SDH #,-c quy #$nh v phn c]p theo b&ng 1.
B>ng 1: Phn c3p SDH v t5c ;< bit t,@ng Qng
M'c SDH T*c ./ bit
STM-1 155520 Mbit/s
STM-4 622080 Mbit/s
STM-16 2488320 Mbit/s
3.1.4 Cc qui ;"nh v= cc tn hi4u STM-N c c3u trc ghp knh khc nhau
Khi k1t nDi hai nhm khDi qu&n l AUG c c]u trc th nhm qu&n l AU-4
v AU-3 th chng #,-c k1t nDi thng qua c]u trc AU-4. AUG c c]u trc th cc
AU-3 sf #,-c tch vE VC-3 hay m>c TUG-2 rWi #,-c ghp vo m\t AUG thng
qua #,bng ghp AUG-3/VC-4/AU-4 nh, hnh 8 a,b.
Khi k1t nDi cc VC-11 m #,-c truyEn t&i thng qua cc khDi nhnh TU- 11
v TU-12 th chng #,-c k1t nDi v:i nhau thng qua c]u trc TU-11 nh, hnh 8c.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

14

Hnh 8: Quy ;"nh v= k-t n5i cc tn hi4u STM-N c c3u trc ghp knh khc nhau
3.2 Ch: tiu k= thu.t h7 th8ng thng tin quang SDH
3.2.1 Ch7 tiu giao di4n v(t l
3.2.1.1 ChX tiu giao diCn #iCn
Giao diCn sD PDH ph&i tho& mn cc chX tiu quy #$nh trong tiu chu)n HC
thDng thng tin cp s-i quang TCN 68-139: 1995.
ChX tiu giao diCn #?u ra c4a tn hiCu #iCn SDH 155 Mbit/s: cc tn hiCu #?u
ra #iCn c4a thi1t b$ #?u cuDi quang c giao diCn 155 Mbit/s ph&i tho& mn cc #iEu
kiCn trong b&ng 2.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

15
B>ng 2: Fc tnh cBa tn hi4u ;i4n
T*c ./ bit, kbit/s 155 520 2.10
-5

Dng xung Cc xung ph#i n%m trong ()*ng bao gi-i hn
trn hnh 9 v 10
M CMI
/0u n2i tn hi5u vo v ra Cp (7ng tr8c 75 W
/i5n p (:nh-(:nh, V 1 0,1
/< r<ng xung danh (=nh, ns 3,216/6,34
Suy hao tn hi5u (0u vo (o ti 78 MHz, dB ? 12,7
Suy hao vng (0u vo v (0u ra trong d#i t0n
s2 t@ 8 MHz (An 240 MHz, dB
15
ChX tiu giao diCn #?u vo c4a tn hiCu #iCn SDH 155 Mbit/s #,-c qui #$nh
t/i hnh 9 v 10.
Cc thi1t b$ #?u cuDi quang SDH c giao diCn #iCn 155 Mbit/s ph&i c kh&
nLng ti1p nh9n tn hiCu #?u vo c #[c tnh nh, m>c tn hiCu #?u ra b$ bi1n d/ng
qua cp nDi c #[c tnh suy hao f
1/2
, v m>c suy hao t/i t?n sD 78 MHz ph&i nhe
h.n ho[c b<ng 12,7 dB.
Suy hao vng t/i #?u vo c4a thi1t b$ #?u cuDi quang SDH c giao diCn #iCn
155 Mbit/s ph&i tho& mn yu c?u nh, #Di v:i #?u ra.
3.2.1.2 ChX tiu giao diCn quang
Tun theo Tiu chu)n Ngnh TCN 68-173: 1998.

Hnh 9: MFt nA xung tn hi4u nh" phn "0" ;5i vSi t5c ;< 155 Mbit/s
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

16

Hnh 10: MFt nA xung tn hi4u nh" phn "1" ;5i vSi t5c ;< 155 Mbit/s
3.3 Ch: tiu k= thu.t h7 th8ng viba SDH t8c #? 155 Mbit/s v 622 Mbit/s
3.3.1 Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho h4 th5ng viba SDH
- Cc bLng t?n sc dJng cho viba SDH 155 Mbit/s:
4 GHz, U 4 GHz, L 6 GHz, U 6 GHz, 13 GHz.
- Cc bLng t?n sc dJng cho viba SDH 4 STM 1 :
U 4 GHz, U 6 GHz, 11 GHz.
ViCc p dJng cJ th^ t/i thng #$a ph,.ng ph&i tun theo qui ho/ch t?n sD quDc
gia.
3.3.1.1 Phn bD knh t?n sD v tuy1n cho thi1t b$ viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng
t?n 4 GHz
Thi1t b$ viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng t?n 4 GHz #,-c xc #$nh theo quan
hC v minh hAa trong hnh 11.
T?n sD f
n
c4a knh v tuy1n:
f
n
= 4200 - 10 m [MHz]
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

17
m: sD nguyn phJ thu\c vo cc bLng t?n #,-c l0a chAn, m = l, 2, 3,...
Cc knh #i vE n<m trn hai nca c4a bLng.
C th^ sc dJng phn bD knh tu?n t0 ho[c knh chung.


Hnh 11: a) ACDP phn cGc kiOu knh xen kE
b) CCDP phn cGc kiOu knh chung
Trong #:
- Kho&ng trDng knh t?n sD XS: l kho&ng cch t?n sD gida t?n sD trung tm
c4a hai knh t?n sD v tuy1n ln c9n trn cng m\t m[t phjng phn c0c v trn
cng m\t h,:ng truyEn dFn.
Khe trung tm YS: l kho&ng cch t?n sD gida t?n sD trung tm c4a hai knh
t?n sD v tuy1n pht v thu g?n nhau nh]t.
Kho&ng b&o vC 2 bin Z
1
S v Z
2
S: l kho&ng cch t?n sD gida t?n sD trung
tm c4a knh t?n sD v tuy1n ngoi cng v bin c4a bLng t?n sD.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

18
B>ng 3: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho bHng t2n 4 GHz
B0ng t3n, MHz 3600 4200 3600 4200
T0n s2 trung tm cBa bCng f
0
, MHz 3900 3900
T0n s2 trung lm cBa sng mang f
n
, MHz f
0
20n
n = 1, 2, 3,....,14
f
0
+ (15n + 10n)
n = 0, 1, 2,..., 27
KiDu phn b2 Knh chung Knh chung
S2 knh t0n s2 10 10
Kho#ng tr2ng knh t0n s2 XS, MHz 60 60
Khe trung tm YS, MHz 60 60
Kho#ng b#o v5 hai bin ZS, MHz 40 40
Ch : Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n kiOu xen kE vSi ;< r<ng bHng l 40 MHz.
f
n
= 4200 - 10m m = 58, 54, 50, 46, 42, 38, 34
f
n
= 4200 - 10m m = 26, 22, 18, 14, 10, 6,2
Ki^u phn bD ny chX th0c hiCn #,-c khi hiCu qu& sc dJng phK ln #1n 7,25
bit/Hz.

Hnh 12: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n bHng 4 GHz
(kho>ng tr5ng knh t2n s5 40 MHz)
3.3.1.2 Phn bD knh t?n sD v tuy1n cho hC thDng viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng
t?n 4540 MHz #1n 4900 MHz.
- Phn bD xen kf cung c]p 4 knh #i v 4 knh vE cho viba SDH tDc #\
155 Mbit/s v 2 x 155 Mbit/s (hC thDng 2x155 Mbit/s ph&i sc dJng #iEu ch1
512 QAM) #,-c qui #$nh trong hnh 13.
f
0
= 4720 MHz
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

19
f
n
= f
0
- 195 + 40 n
f
'
n
= f
0
- 5 + 40 n
n = 1, 2, 3, 4

Hnh 13: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho bHng t2n U 4 GHz
Phn bD xen kf cung c]p 8 knh #i 8 knh vE cho hC thDng 155 Mbit/s #,-c
qui #$nh trong hnh 14.
f
n
= f
0
- 185 + 20 n
f
n
= f
0
+ 5 + 20 n
n = 1, 2,...8

Hnh 14: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho bHng t2n U 4 GHz
Cc knh #i, vE n<m trn hai nca c4a bLng.
3.3.1.3 Phn bD knh t?n sD v tuy1n cho hC thDng viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng
t?n U 6 GHz.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

20
a. Thi1t b$ viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng t?n ny #,-c phn bD cc knh t?n sD
theo quan hC sau (hnh 15).
Nca d,:i bLng: f
n
= f
0
- 350 + 40 n
Nca trn bLng: f
n
= f
0
- 10 + 40 n
V:i n = 1, 2, 3,... 8
f
0
: T?n sD trung tm c4a bLng, MHz
f
n
: T?n sD trung tm c4a m\t knh v tuy1n M nca d,:i c4a bLng, MHz
f
n
: T?n sD trung tm c4a m\t knh v tuy1n M nca trn c4a bLng, MHz
b. Cc knh ln c9n sc dJng xen kf cc phn c0c khc nhau trn m_i nca c4a
bLng.
c. Khi dng chung anten cho pht/thu, cc knh t?n sD #,-c chAn l n = 1, 3, 5 v
7 ho[c n = 2, 4, 6 v 8.
d. T?n sD trung tm f
0
= 6770 MHz.

Hnh 15: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 cho anten phn cGc kp (a) v phn cGc ;@n (b)
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

21
3.3.1.4 Phn bD knh t?n sD v tuy1n cho hC thDng viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng
t?n L 6 GHz.
a. Cc knh t?n sD p dJng cho viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng t?n L 6 GHz (hnh
16) #,-c xc #$nh theo cng th>c sau:
f
n
= f
0
- 259,45 + 29,65 n
f'
n
= f
0
- 7,41 + 29,65 n
n = 1, 2,... 8
f
0
: T?n sD trung tm c4a bLng, MHz.
f
n
: T?n sD trung tm c4a knh v tuy1n M nca d,:i c4a bLng, MHz.
f'
n
: T?n sD trung tm c4a knh v tuy1n M nca trn c4a bLng, MHz.
b. T?n sD trung tm c4a bLng f
0
= 6175 MHz
Ch thch: Phn b5 ny ;,Tc p dUng vSi cc thi-t b" c t2n s5 trung tm
f
IF
= 70 MHz

Hnh 16: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho h4 th5ng viba SDH
hoAt ;<ng trong bHng t2n L 6 GHz
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

22
B>ng 4: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho h4 th5ng viba SDH
hoAt ;<ng trong bHng t2n L 6 GHz
B0ng t3n, MHz 5925 6425 5925 6425
T0n s2 trung tm cBa bCng f
0
, MHz 6175 6175
T0n s2 trung tm cBa sng mang f
n
, MHz f
0
20n
n = 1, 2, 3,....,14
f
0
+ (15n + 10n)
n = 0, 1, 2,..., 27
KiDu phn b2 Knh chung Knh chung
S2 knh t0n s2 8 8
Kho#ng tr2ng knh t0n s2 XS, MHz 60 60
Khe trung tm YS, MHz 80 80
Kho#ng b#o v5 hai bin ZS, MHz 30 30
3.3.1.5 Phn bD knh t?n sD v tuy1n cho hC thDng viba SDH ho/t #\ng trong bLng
t?n 13 GHz
Phn bD knh t?n sD #,-c xc #$nh theo quan hC sau:
f
n
= f
0
- 259 + 28 n
f
n
= f
0
+ 7 + 28 n
T?n sD trung tm c4a bLng f
0
= 12996 MHz.
@Di v:i hC thDng SDH c dung l,-ng 155 Mbit/s, n = 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 cho
phn bD knh tu?n t0.
Tr,bng h-p sc dJng knh 1 ph&i #&m b&o kho&ng b&o vC bin tDi thi^u
15 MHz.

Hnh 17: Phn b5 knh t2n s5 v tuy-n cho h4 th5ng viba SDH
hoAt ;<ng trong bHng t2n 13 GHz
3.3.2 Ch7 tiu lPi cho h4 th5ng viba s5 SDH t5c ;< 155 Mbit/s v 622 Mbit/s
3.3.2.1 ChX tiu l_i v #\ kh& dJng cho tuy1n viba sD gi& #$nh chu)n HRDP
a. Tg sD bit l_i (BER) cho php t/i #?u ra HRDP v tuy1n
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

23
BER khng #,-c v,-t qu cc gi tr$ sau:
- BER k 10
-6
trong kho&ng 0,4% thbi gian c4a m\t thng b]t k`, thbi gian h-p
thnh l 1 pht (pht suy gi&m #[c tnh).
- BER k 10
-6
trong kho&ng 0,054% thbi gian c4a m\t thng b]t k`, thbi gian
h-p thnh l 1 giy (giy l_i nghim trAng).
TKng cc giy l_i khng #,-c v,-t qu 0,32% m_i thng.
Ch thch: ChX tiu trn chX #,-c p dJng khi hC thDng #,-c coi l c kh&
nLng lm viCc. HC thDng #,-c coi l khng lm viCc khi tn hiCu b$ gin #o/n v
BER l:n h.n 10
-3
trong 10 s lin ti1p.
b. ChX tiu #\ kh& dJng cho HRDP
@\ kh& dJng cho m\t HRDP l 99,7% c4a ton b\ thbi gian. Tg lC ph?n trLm
xc #$nh trong kho&ng thbi gian di h.n m\t nLm #,-c coi l c gi tr$ thDng k.
@\ khng kh& dJng #,-c xc #$nh trn c. sM kho&ng thbi gian khng kh&
dJng. Kho&ng thbi gian khng kh& dJng bZt #?u khi 1 trong 2 #iEu kiCn sau x&y ra
trong 10 s lin ti1p (t nh]t l t/i m\t h,:ng truyEn dFn):
- Tn hiCu sD b$ gin #o/n.
BER > 10
-3

Kho&ng thbi gian khng kh& dJng k1t thc khi 1 trong 2 #iEu kiCn sau x&y ra
trong kho&ng thbi gian l:n h.n 10 s (t/i c& hai h,:ng truyEn dFn):
- Tn hiCu sD khi phJc.
BER < 10
-3
.
Ch thch: Gi tr$ 99,7% l m\t gi tr$ l thuy1t, trong th0c t1 #\ kh& dJng
n<m trong kho&ng 99,5% 99,9%.
3.3.2.2 ChX tiu l_i v #\ kh& dJng cho tuy1n viba sD th0c
a. Tg lC l_i bit cho php (BER) t/i #?u ra cc tuy1n viba sD th0c.
BER #,-c xc #$nh theo #\ di tuy1n viba L:
* @Di v:i L < 280 km.
- BER k 10
-6
trong kho&ng (280/2500) x 0,4% thbi gian c4a m\t thng b]t k`,
thbi gian h-p thnh l pht (pht suy gi&m #[c tnh).
- BER < l0
-6
trong kho&ng (280/2500) x 0,054% thbi gian c4a m\t thng b]t
k` thbi gian h-p thnh l giy (giy l_i nghim trAng).
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

24
- TKng cc giy l_i khng #,-c v,-t qu (280/2500) x 0,32% thbi gian c4a
thng b]t k`.
* @Di v:i 280 < L < 2500 km.
- BER k 10
-6
trong kho&ng (L/2500) x 0,4% thbi gian c4a m\t thng b]t k`,
thbi gian h-p thnh l pht (pht suy gi&m #[c tnh).
- BER k 10
-6
trong kho&ng (L/2500) x 0,054% thbi gian c4a m\t thng b]t k`,
thbi gian h-p thnh l giy (giy l_i nghim trAng).
- TKng cc giy l_i khng #,-c v,-t qu (L/2500) x 0,32% thbi gian c4a
thng b]t k`.
* RBER < (L/2500) x 5.10
-5
trong kho&ng thbi gian 1 thng, thbi gian h-p
thnh l 15 pht.
b. ChX tiu #\ kh& dJng cho tuy1n viba sD th0c
@\ kh& dJng A #,-c tnh theo cng th>c:
A = 100 - (2500 x 100/L) x [(T
1
+T
2
- T
3
)/T
s

Trong #: A: @\ kh& dJng, trn c. sM #,bng sD chu)n 2500 km, %.
L: @\ di #o/n v tuy1n #ang xt, km.
T
1
: Thbi gian gin #o/n tKng c\ng t nh]t l trong 10s lin ti1p #Di v:i
m\t h,:ng thng tin.
T
2
: Thbi gian gin #o/n tKng c\ng t nh]t l trong 10s lin ti1p #Di v:i
h,:ng thng tin kia.
T
3
: Thbi gian gin #o/n song h,:ng t nh]t l l0s lin ti1p.
T
s
: Thbi gian #o, s.
Ch thch: @Di v:i tuy1n ngZn, #\ khng kh& dJng tun theo ph,.ng php
c\ng tuy1n tnh.
3.3.3 ChX tiu k6 thu9t giao diCn #iCn 155 Mbit/s (xem ph?n 3.2.l.l)
3.3.4 ChX tiu b&o vC v phn t9p cho hC thDng viba SDH
Cc c]u hnh phn t9p v b&o vC sau #,-c sc dJng cho tuy1n viba SDH:
- Phn t9p khng gian (SD);
- Tch biCt my pht (SD + ST);
- Phn t9p t?n sD (FD) -V:i m\t ho[c hai anten #?u cuDi;
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

25
- Phn t9p ghp (HD = SD + FD - Hai my thu/#?u cuDi - Ba anten m\t
#,bng);
- T0 #\ng hWi phJc b<ng ring.
Cc c]u hnh trn #,-c k1t h-p v:i hC thDng chuy^n m/ch b&o vC #a #,bng
nh<m #em l/i hiCu qu& tDi ,u cho ho/t #\ng c4a tuy1n viba SDH.
ViCc p dJng c]u hnh b&o vC no #,-c xc #$nh t,.ng >ng theo cc heng
hc c4a tuy1n viba SDH (xem b&ng 5). Trong #:
- M>c 1 (tDi ,u): Chuy^n m/ch sD liCu khng l_i trong tr,bng h-p Fading
ho[c thi1t b$ heng.
- M>c 2: Th,bng dng chuy^n m/ch Hitless khi thi1t b$ h, heng ho[c x&y ra
m\t hiCu >ng x]u h.n nh,ng vFn #&m b&o chuy^n m/ch my thu t l_i.
- M>c 3: Chuy^n m/ch trung k1 ring v:i thbi gian gin #o/n ngZn nh]t (30-60
ms).
- M>c 4: Chuy^n m/ch trung k1 ring v:i thbi gian gin #o/n di h.n.
- P: B&o vC m\t ph?n (anten m\t h,:ng ho[c anten #.n).
- NO: Khng b&o vC ho[c phn t9p.
B>ng 5: Lin quan gi+a c3u hnh b>o v4 v hDng hc t,@ng Qng
Phn b* Thi5t b7
h9ng hc
H; th*ng
anten, fi .<
h9ng hc
Gin .o=n
do fa.ing
nhi>u tia
Gin .o=n
do m(a
ho?c hi;u
'ng *ng
d@n
H9ng hc
cBa c< sD
h= t3ng
(c/t anten,
nh tr=m...)
Anten Radio
TTRR DF phng
nng
2 ... ... ... ...
TTR/R SD 2 P 2 ... ...
TR/TR SD+ST 2 2 2 ... ...
TTRR
(TR/TR)
FD 1 (1) 2(1) ... ...
TTRR -
TR/TR
HD 1 P 1 ... ...
T-R/T-R ChuyDn
mch tuyAn
ring
3 3 P 3 3
T-R-T-R ChuyDn
mch
()*ng ring
4 4 P 4 4
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

26
Ch thch:
Cc ch+ T (pht) v R (thu) RTRR, TR/TR,... m t> phn b5 anten.
TTRR: mPi ;2u m<t anten.
TTR/R: anten chnh v anten phn t(p ch7 dnh cho thu.
TR/TR: tch bi4t anten my pht & my thu.
T-R/T-R: nh+ng anten ;@n trn mPi h,Sng chuyOn mAch tuy-n ring (trung k- ;iOm -
;iOm).
T-R-T-R: nh+ng anten ;@n trn c> hai h,Sng chuyOn mAch ;,Kng ring
3.3.4.1 B&o vC thi1t b$
Cc c]u hnh b&o vC v phn t9p sau #,-c p dJng cho thi1t b$ viba SDH tu`
theo th0c tr/ng c4a tuy1n thng tin.
a. Phn t9p khng gian (SD)
Phn t9p khng gian bao gWm c& chuy^n m/ch my thu khng l_i.
Phn t9p khng gian v:i nhdng my pht ring rf (SD+ST).
Phn t9p khng gian v:i tK h-p IF.
b. Phn t9p t?n sD (FD)
TTRR: c& t?n sD pht v thu trn cng m\t anten #.n.
TR/TR: phn bD v:i hai anten t/i m_i #?u cho hC thDng anten v fi#. d0
phng.
c. Phn t9p ghp (HD)
d. C]u hnh chuy^n m/ch b&o vC v tuy1n #a #,bng
Chuy^n m/ch b&o vC v tuy1n RPS .
Viba SDH sc dJng m\t knh thng tin ring cho tn hiCu #iEu khi^n chuy^n
m/ch b&o vC (khng sc dJng hai byte K1 v K2 c4a MSOH)
C 3 ki^u RPS khc nhau #,-c th^ hiCn trn hnh 18, tr,bng h-p (a) dnh cho
chuy^n m/ch RPS t/i m>c VC4, tr,bng h-p (b) v (c) dnh cho chuy^n m/ch RPS
t/i m>c STM-1.
N1u trong tr,bng h-p tn hiCu STM-1 c4a m\t knh ho/t #\ng m]t #Wng b\
c& vE pha v t?n sD th tr,bng h-p (a), (b) trn hnh 18 ph&i #,-c k1t h-p v:i cc
ch>c nLng SA.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

27
Trong tr,bng h-p (c), k6 thu9t khi phJc #Wng b\ ho/t #\ng d0a trn viCc #o
fading nh<m gi&m thbi gian chuy^n m/ch.
Ho/t #\ng c4a chuy^n m/ch b&o vC v tuy1n ph&i #&m b&o khng ko theo
chuy^n m/ch b&o vC m/ng.

Ch thch: * ChQc nHng SA v MST l khng b0t bu<c trong tr,Kng hTp c)
Hnh 18: Phn b5 chuyOn mAch b>o v4 v tuy-n ;a ;,Kng (n+m)
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

28
e. ChX tiu k6 thu9t c4a chuy^n m/ch b&o vC
- C]u hnh chuy^n m/ch b&o vC: n+1 v n+m, trong # gi tr$ l:n nh]t c4a n
phJ thu\c vo sD knh t?n sD trong bLng t?n v tuy1n, m < n.
Lo/i chuy^n m/ch b&o vC: Hitless.
Thbi gian chuy^n m/ch: -10 ms
- @iEu kiCn chuy^n m/ch:
+ M]t thu sD liCu
+ M]t #Wng b\ khung
+ BER l:n h.n 10
-3

- PhJc hWi trH tinh (pha thu): 0 60 bit.
- PhJc hWi trH #\ng (pha thu): 15 bit.
3.3.4.2 B&o vC m/ng
a. B&o vC #o/n ghp knh MSP

Hnh 19: C3u hnh b>o v4 1+1 MSP
MSP ho/t #\ng trn tuy1n viba SDH #i^m-#i^m.
Hai byte K1 v K2 c4a MSOH #,-c sc dJng cho #iEu khi^n MSP.
Byte K1: - Cc bit th 1 #1n 4 chX th$ lo/i yu c?u chuy^n m/ch.
- Cc bit th 5 #1n 8 chX th$ sD knh chuy^n m/ch #,-c #,a ra theo
yu c?u
Byte K2: - Cc bit th 1 #1n 4 chX th$ sD knh d0 phng #,-c sc dJng.
- Bit 5 chX th$ lo/i c]u trc chuy^n m/ch (1 + 1/1: n).
- Cc bit th 6 #1n 8 #,-c dng #^ chX th$ MS-RDI (chX th$ sai st
ph?n ghp knh #?u xa).
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

29
b. B&o vC tuy1n
Sc dJng c]u hnh b&o vC m/ch vng t0 hWi phJc. C hai c]u hnh b&o vC ring
# l b&o vC tuy1n ring v b&o vC #,bng ring.
+ Vng chuy^n m/ch tuy1n #.n h,:ng UPSR: C]p cc luWng STM-L cho c&
hai tuy1n vng #1n m\t tr/m #ch xc #$nh. Tr/m #ch sf quy1t #$nh viCc chuy^n
m/ch th tuy1n c c&nh bo sang tuy1n ho/t #\ng tDt (hnh 20).

a) Bnh th,,Kng; b) HDng hc gi+a hai trAm 5 v 6
Hmh 20: Vng chuyOn mAch tuy-n ;@n ph,@ng UPSR
+ Vng chuy^n m/ch #,bng hai h,:ng BLSR: Khi c l_i t/i m\t ch[ng
trn tuy1n, hai nt m/ng c4a ch[ng b$ l_i sf t0 #\ng chuy^n m/ch vng b&o vC
(hnh 21).
3.3.5. Cc tn hi4u nghi4p vU sV dUng ;O qu>n l h4 th5ng viba SDH
C hai ph,.ng th>c truyEn cc tn hiCu nghiCp vJ sau #y.
3.3.5.1 Sc dJng cc byte SOH c4a STM-1 cho hC thDng viba SDH
Su byte RF trong ph?n SOH dng #^ truyEn cc tn hiCu nghiCp vJ cho hC
thDng viba SDH #,-c quy #$nh M hnh 22.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

30

a) Bnh th,Kng; b) HDng hc gi+a hai nt mAng 5 v 6.
Hnh 21: Vng chuyOn mAch ;,Kng hai h,Sng BLSR

Hnh 22: Cc byte RF trong SOH sV dUng cho tn hi4u nghi4p vU
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

31
3.3.5.2 Ph?n khung mo #?u bK tr- v tuy1n RFCOH
Sc dJng RFCOH #^ truyEn cc tn hiCu nghiCp vJ cho hC thDng viba SDH.
3.4 Yu c$u v@ quAn l
3.4.1 Yu c2u chung
Cc hC thDng qu&n l m/ng SDH ph&i ph h-p v:i khuy1n ngh$ G.784 v cc
khuy1n ngh$ M c4a ITU-T. M\t hC thDng qu&n l m/ng SDH ph&i c kh& nLng
qu&n l t]t c& cc ph?n tc m/ng SDH, k^ c& cc ph?n tc sf #,-c pht tri^n trong
t,.ng lai. Cc hC thDng qu&n l m/ng ny ph&i #,-c xy d0ng h,:ng t:i m\t
m/ng qu&n l viHn thng chung (TMN) trong t,.ng lai. M hnh c4a hC thDng
qu&n l m/ng SDH #,-c th^ hiCn trong hnh 23.

Hnh 23: M hnh mAng qu>n l SDH
3.2.2.2 Cc giao diCn qu&n l m/ng SDH
3.4.2 Cc giao thQc qu>n l
3.4.2.1 Giao th>c thng tin giao diCn Q
ECC

Giao diCn Q
ECC
nh<m k1t nDi cc ph?n tc m/ng (NES) thng qua knh #iEu
khi^n gZn liEn ECC. Q
ECC
sc dJng cc knh thng tin sD liCu SDH DCC (cc byte
Dl - D12) nh, l:p v9t l c4a n. Giao diCn Q
ECC
cung c]p ch>c nLng qx nh, #,-c
#$nh nghia trong Khuy1n ngh$ M.3100 c4a ITU-T. Giao diCn Q
ECC
lin quan v:i
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

32
cc knh #iEu khi^n ECC SDH v:i cc giao th>c thch h-p c?n ph h-p v:i
khuy1n ngh$ G.784 c4a ITU-T.
3.4.2.2 Giao th>c thng tin giao diCn Q
2

Giao diCn Q
2
l giao diCn #^ k1t nDi gida:
- Cc thi1t b$ trung gian v:i nhau.
- Cc ph?n tc m/ng t:i cc thi1t b$ trung gian.
- Gida cc ph?n tc m/ng v:i m/ng thng tin n\i b\ LCN. Giao diCn Q
2

ny cung c]p ch>c nLng q
x
nh, #,-c #$nh nghia trong Khuy1n ngh$ M.3100 c4a
ITU-T. Giao diCn Q
2
c?n ph h-p v:i #$nh nghia #?y #4 trong Hhuy1n ngh$ G.773.
3.4.2.3 Giao th>c thng tin giao diCn F
Hai giao th>c thng tin gio diCn F (Fl v F2) #,-c #$nh nghia nh, sau:
Giao diCn thng tin F1 #,-c sc dJng #^ k1t nDi t/i ch_ hay th xa cc tr/m v:i
hC thDng #iEu hnh UNIX. Giao diCn thng tin F2 #,-c sc dJng trong c]u hnh n\i
b\ #^ k1t nDi cc my tnh PC thng th,bng. C& hai giao diCn F1 v F2 #Eu #,-c
cung c]p cho m_i ph?n tc m/ng.
Giao diCn F1 cung c]p cc ch>c nLng f1 chung #^ qu&n l cc sD liCu #i qua
giao diCn F1
Giao diCn F2 cung c]p cc ch>c nLng f2 chung #^ qu&n l cc sD liCu #i qua
giao diCn F2.
3.4.2.4 Giao th>c thng tin giao diCn Q
3

Giao diCn Q
3
l #^ k1t nDi cc ph,.ng tiCn trung gian (MD), cc ph?n tc
m/ng, cc hC #iEu hnh t:i cc hC #iEu hnh khc thng qua m/ng thng tin sD liCu
(DCN). Giao diCn Q
3
cung c]p ch>c nLng Q
3
nh, #,-c #$nh nghia trong khuy1n
ngh$ M.3100 c4a ITU-T.
Giao diCn Q
3
hon ton ph h-p v:i CLNS1 v CLNS2 nh, #,-c #$nh nghia
trong Khuy1n ngh$ Q.961, Q.962 c4a ITU-T.
3.4.2.5 Giao th>c thng tin giao diCn X
Giao diCn X k1t nDi m\t m/ng qu&n l viHn thng TMN t:i cc lo/i m/ng
qu&n l khc bao gWm cc TMN khc. Giao diCn X ny cung c]p ch>c nLng x nh,
#,-c #$nh nghia trong Khuy1n ngh$ M.3100 c4a CCITT. Giao diCn ny sc dJng
cc giao th>c thng tin giao diCn Q
3
#,-c #$nh nghia trong Khuy1n ngh$ Q.961 v
Q.962 cng v:i cc c. ch1 an ton khi c yu c?u.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

33
3.4.3 Yu c?u vE ch>c nLng qu&n l
Cc ch>c nLng >ng dJng c4a ch,.ng trnh qu&n l m/ng NMS ph&i c cc
ch>c nLng qu&n l sau:
+ Qu&n l c]u hnh
+ Qu&n l l_i
+ Qu&n l #[c tnh
+ Qu&n l b&o an
3.5 Yu c$u v@ giao di7n #Bng b? SDH
3.5.1 Phn c3p giao di4n ;?ng b<
- Giao diCn #Wng b\ t/i cc #?u ra PRC.
- Giao diCn #Wng b\ t/i cc #?u ra SSU.
- Giao diCn #Wng b\ t/i cc #?u ra SEC.
- Giao diCn #Wng b\ t/i cc #?u ra phn bD PDH.
3.5.2 M hnh tham chi-u: Chu_i #Wng b\ tham chi1u #,-c chX ra trn hnh 24.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

34

Hnh 24: M hnh tham chi-u phn c3p tn hi4u ;?ng b<
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

35
3.5.3 < chnh xc v= t2n s5:
Trong #iEu kiCn ch/y t0 do, #\ chnh xc #?u ra c4a SEC ph&i nhe
h.n 6,4.10
-5
so v:i #Wng hW chu)n trong m/ng #Wng b\ #,-c quy #$nh t/i TCN 68-
171: 1998 .
3.5.4 Kho>ng li ko: Kho&ng li ko nhe nh]t l 4,6.10
-5
.
3.5.5 Kho>ng ko ra: Kho&ng ko ra nhe nh]t l 4,6.10
-5
.
3.5.6 Tri pha trong ch- ;< kho: Gi:i h/n MTIE v TDEV khi SEC ho/t #\ng M
ch1 #\ kho #,-c quy #$nh trong b&ng 6 v b&ng 7.
B>ng 6: GiSi hAn MTIE khi nhi4t ;< khng thay ;Ii (trong kho>ng 1
0
C)
GiEi h=n MTLE, ns KhoFng thGi gian quan st t, s
40 0,1 < t < 1
40 t
0,1
1 < t < 100
25,25 t
0,2
100 < t < 1000
B>ng 7: Gia s5 MTIE cho php khi nhi4t ;< thay ;Ii
Gia s* MTLE cho php, ns KhoFng thGi gian quan st t, s
0,5 t t ? 100
50 t > 100
B>ng 8: GiSi hAn TDEV khi nhi4t ;< khng ;Ii
GiEi h=n TDEV, ns KhoFng thGi gian quan st t, s
3,2 0,1 < t < 25
0,64 t
0,5
25 < t < 100
6,4 100 < t < 1000
3.5.7 Tri pha trong ch- ;< khng kho: xem 3.5.9.2.
3.5.8 Rung pha
Rung pha #?u ra t/i giao diCn 2048 kHz khi khng c rung pha #?u vo v
rung pha n\i t/i khng #,-c v,-t qu 0,05 UI #Xnh - #Xnh, #o trong kho&ng thbi
gian 60 s qua m\t b\ lAc b&ng #.n c0c c t?n sD cZt 20 Hz v 100 kHz.
Khi khng c rung pha #?u vo giao diCn #Wng b\, rung pha n\i t/i M cc
giao diCn #?u ra STM-N quang, #o trong thbi gian 60 s, khng #,-c l:n h.n cc
gi tr$ quy #$nh trong b&ng 9.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

36
B>ng 9: Ch7 tiu rung pha ;2u ra STM-N quang
Giao di;n B lIc .o Bin ./ .Jnh-.Jnh
500 Hz (An 1,3 MHz 0,5 UI STM-1
65 kHz (An 1,3 MHz 0,10 UI
1000 Hz (An 5 MHz 0,5 UI STM-4
250 kHz (An 5 MHz 0,10 UI
5000 Hz (An 20 MHz 0,5 UI STM-16
1 MHz (An 20 MHz 0,10 UI
V-i STM-1 1UI = 6,43 ns
STM-4 1UI = 1,61 ns
STM-16 1UI = 0,4 ns
3.5.9 Dung sai tri pha v rung pha do nhiWu
3.5.9.1 Dung sai tri pha
Dung sai tri pha #?u vo SEC bi^u th$ b<ng MNE v TDEV.
Gi:i h/n MTIE #,-c quy #$nh trong b&ng 10.
B>ng 10:Dung sai tri pha ;2u vo
GiEi h=n MTIE, ns KhoFng thGi gian gim st t, s
0,25 0,1 < t < 2,5
0,1 t 2,5 < t < 20
2 20 < t < 400
0,005 t 400 < t < 1000
B>ng 11:Dung sai tri pha ;2u vo
GiEi h=n TDEV, ns KhoFng thGi gian gim st t, s
12 0,1 < t < 7
1,7 t 7 < t < 100
170 100 < t < 1000
Gi:i h/n d,:i tri pha #?u vo hnh sin c0c #/i cho php #,-c bi^u th$ trn
hnh 25.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

37

Hnh 25: GiSi hAn d,Si tri pha ;2u vo hnh sin cGc ;Ai cho php
Cc gi tr$ trn hnh 25 #,-c #,a ra trong b&ng 12.
B>ng 12: GiSi hAn d,Si cBa rung pha ;2u vo cGc ;Ai cho php
Bin ./ tri pha .Jnh-.Jnh T3n s* tri pha
A
1
, ms A
2
, ms f
4
, MHz f
3
, MHz f
2
, MHz f
1
, MHz f
0
, MHz
0,25 2 0,32 0,8 16 0,13 10

3.5.9.2 Dung sai rung pha
Gi:i h/n d,:i rung pha #?u vo c0c #/i cho php #Di v:i tn hiCu #Wng b\
SEC 2048 kHz v 2048 kbit/s #,-c bi^u th$ trn hnh 26.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

38

Hnh 26: GiSi hAn d,Si rung pha ;2u vo cGc ;Ai cho php
3.5.10 Truy=n ;At nhiWu
Khi #,-c m hnh ho b<ng b\ lAc thng th]p, #[c tnh truyEn #/t nhiHu c4a
SEC #,-c quy #$nh bMi #\ r\ng bLng thng. @\ r\ng bLng thng ph&i n<m trong
kho&ng th 1 #1n 10 Hz.
3.5.11 p Qng chuyOn ti-p v tnh nHng l,u gi+
Khi m]t tn hiCu tham chi1u vo th SEC ph&i c kh& nLng chuy^n sang ch1
#\ l,u gid.
3.5.11.1 @p >ng chuy^n ti1p pha trong thbi gian ngZn
Trong tr,bng h-p tn hiCu #Wng hW tham chi1u b$ m]t khng qu 15 s th s0
bi1n #Ki pha #?u ra so v:i tn hiCu #Wng hW tham chi1u vo tr,:c khi b$ m]t ph&i
tho& mn cc gi:i h/n quy #$nh trong hnh 27.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

39

Hnh 27: GiSi hAn l4ch pha ;2u vo khi c sG thay ;Ii ch- ;< ;?ng b<
3.5.11.2. @p >ng chuy^n ti1p pha trong thbi gian di
Khi m]t tn hiCu tham chi1u, lCch pha t/i #?u ra c4a SEC so v:i #?u vo t/i
thbi #i^m m]t tn hiCu #Wng hW tham chi1u khng #,-c v,-t qu gi:i h/n trn hnh
28 trong b]t k` kho&ng thbi gian no l:n h.n 1s.

Hnh 28: MQc l4ch pha cho php trong ch- ;< thKi gian l,u gi+
tAi m<t nhi4t ;< khng ;Ii ;5i vSi SEC
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

40
3.5.12 p Qng pha khi gin ;oAn tn hi4u vo
Khi s0 gin #o/n tn hiCu #Wng b\ vo trong kho&ng thbi gian ngZn, khng ly
ra chuy^n m/ch tn hiCu tham chi1u, bi1n #Ki pha #?u ra khng #,-c l:n h.n 120
ns v:i #\ lCch t?n c0c #/i 7,5.105 trong kho&ng thbi gian tDi #a l 16 ms.
3.5.13 Trong tr,Kng hTp ;o kiOm b3t th,Kng hoFc c sG b3t In ;"nh trong ;?ng h?
cBa thi-t b" SDH, mQc bi-n ;Ii pha cBa ;?ng h? thi-t b" SDH pht tho> mn cc
;i=u ki4n sau:
- Bi1n #Ki pha trong kho&ng thbi gian S < 16 ms ph&i nhe h.n 120 ns.
- Bi1n #Ki pha trong kho&ng thbi gian 16 ms < S < 2,4 s ph&i nhe h.n 120 ns.
- @Di v:i kho&ng thbi gian l:n h.n 2,4 s, trong m_i kho&ng 2,4 s m>c bi1n
#Ki pha ph&i nhe h.n 120 ns v:i #\ lCch t/m thbi nhe h.n 7,5.10
-5
, tKng m>c bi1n
#Ki pha ph&i nhe h.n 1 ms.
3.5.14 Cc loAi giao di4n tn hi4u ;?ng b<
Cc giao diCn #?u vo, #?u ra #Di v:i thi1t b$ SDH:
- Giao diCn ngoi 2048 kHz tun theo TCN 68-172: l998.
- Giao diCn 2048 kbit/s tun theo TCN 68-172: 1998.
- Giao diCn l,u l,-ng STM-N.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

41
PHP LPC A
(Quy #$nh)
Quy =+nh tn hi>u b?o d3Ang
Cc tn hiCu b&o d,Ing l cc tin hiCu c&nh bo v tn hiCu chX tr/ng thi.
A1.1 Tn hi>u cho kho?ng truyCn dRn
+ LOS: M]t tn hiCu.
+ LOF: M]t khung, c l_i lin tJc trong cc byte #Wng b\ khung A1-A2.
N1u 625 ms tri qua m khng x&y ra cc th #Wng b\ khung #ng th coi nh,
l tr/ng thi m]t khung (OOF). N1u tr/ng thi OOF x&y ra th coi nh, l c&nh bo
m]t khung.
+ FERF: @iEu ny #,-c th^ hiCn b<ng cch #[t 3 bit s0 cD #?u xa c gi tr$
th]p nh]t c4a byte K2 trong ph?n tn hiCu qu&n l ghp knh thnh cc gi tr$ nh$
phn 110.
+ AIS: Tn hiCu c&nh bo, >ng v:i gi tr$ 3 bit c gi tr$ th]p nh]t c4a V2 l
111
A1.2 Tn hi>u cho mHc luTng cao (VC-3, VC-4)
+ FEBE: L_i khDi #?u xa bi^u th$ sD cc l_i bit B3 trong tn hiCu vo. N
#,-c th^ hiCn b<ng 4 bit M trong byte G1 trong thng tin qu&n l luWng b9c cao.
+ LOP: M]t con tre.
+ ALS: #,-c bo hiCu b<ng cch gn cho cc byte con tre v n\i dung ton
b\ c4a container gi tr$ 11111111.
+ FERF: S0 cD thu #?u xa #,-c bi^u th$ b<ng m\t bit trong byte Gl trong
thng tin qu&n l luWng b9c cao
A1.3 Tn hi>u cho mHc luTng thUp (VC-2, VC-1 2, VC-11)
+ FEBE: l_i khDi #?u xa bi^u th$ l_i khDi.
+ BLP-2 trong tn hiCu vo #,-c bi^u th$ bMi m\t bit trong byte V5 ch>a
trong thng tin qu&n l luWng b9c th]p.
+ LOP: m]t con tre.
+ ALS: #,-c bi^u th$ b<ng cch gn cho cc byte con tre v n\i dung ton b\
c4a container 11111111.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

42
+ FEBF: s0 cD thu #?u xa #,-c bi^u th$ b<ng cch #[t 1 bit c4a byte V5 trong
thng tin qu&n l luWng b9c th]p.
Hnh A1 chX ra cch m\t b\ tch knh phn tn hiCu vo thnh cc tn hiCu
b&o d,Ing.

Hnh A1: Tn hi4u b>o d,Xng
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

43

PHP LPC B1
(Tham kh&o)
Qui =+nh vC trDn tn hi>u
Tn hiCu STM-N #,-c tr\n theo #a th>c l + x
6
+x
7
, nh, hnh 6-l0/G707 s. #W
ch>c nLng c4a b\ tr\n, tr\n tn hiCu th0c hiCn cho t]t c& cc byte c4a khung SDH
trh hng #?u tin c4a byte qu&n l SOH. B\ tr\n #,-c #[t vE "1111111" ngay sau
byte cuDi cng c4a hng #?u tin c4a byte qu&n l SOH.

Hnh B1: S@ ;? chQc nHng cBa b< tr<n
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

44
PHP LPC B2
(Tham kh&o)
*iCu ch4 trong h> thFng viba SDH
B2.1 H> thFng viba SDH sJ d(ng cc lo&i =iCu ch4 sau:
- 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 512 QAM.
- 64 TCM, 128 TCM, 256 TCM, 512 TCM .
B2.2 *D rDng bVng
B
RF
= f
Br
(1 + lt)/ ldM
Trong #:
B
RF
: @\ r\ng bLng v tuy1n
f
Br
: TDc #\ bit tKng c\ng
ld: Logarit b9c 2
l: HC sD roll-off
M: SD tr/ng thi #iEu ch1
f
Br
= (f
B
.n(l + a) + f
Zi
).(l + e).
f
B
: TDc #\ bit bLng gDc.
n: SD bLng gDc #?u vo.
a: Multiplex overhead (0,01 0,02).
f
Zi
: TDc #\ bit SOH.
e: @\ d, FEC (phJ thu\c vo m #iEu ch1 FEC).
B.2.3 Kho?ng trFng knh tWn sF
B>ng B.2.1:Lin quan gi+a kho>ng tr5ng knh t2n s5 v bHng t2n
KhoFng tr*ng knh t3n s* B0ng t3n, GHz
XGp x: 30 MHz 3,9; 6,2; 7,5; 8 v 131
40 MHz 3,9; 4,7; 6,7; 8
60 MHz 4, L6
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

45

Hnh B2.2 Cc thng s5 cho ph,@ng thQc ;i=u ch- QAM
B>ng B2.2: Cc thng s5 cho ph,@ng thQc ;i=u ch- QAM
Li>u ch5 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM
T: s2 C/N l thuyAt (BER = 10
-3
), dB 22,8 25,8 28,6 31,8
/< thCng ging h5, dB < 2 < 2,5 < 3 < 3,5
T: s2 C/N thFc (BER = 10
-3
) 23,5 27,0 30,3 34,0
T: s2 C/N l thuyAt (BER = 10
-7
), dB 27,4 30,4

33,2 36,4
T: s2 C/N thFc (BER = 10
-7
) 26,7 30,2 33.5 37,2
B2.4 Ph3Bng thHc =iCu ch4: SJ d(ng =iCu ch4 trung tWn
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

46
PHP LPC 3
(Tham kh&o)
ChG tiu k; thu0t thi4t b+ v tuy4n SDH
B3.1 ChG tiu k; thu0t thi4t b+ v tuy4n SDH 155 Mbit/s
B3.1.1 Cc tiu chuYn chung
- TLng ch c4a hC thDng v:i BER = 10
-3

+ Ch1 #\ chu)n: >-100 dB
+ Ch1 #\ tu` chAn: > 105 dB
- HC thDng b&o vC: (n+l) v (n+m) (Chi ti1t 3.3.4.i)
- Suy hao rf nhnh : k 3dBm
- T?n sD trung t?n : 122,5 v 157,5 MHz trong hC thDng sng mang kp.
70 v 140 MHz trong hC thDng sWng mang #.n.
- M>c vo/ra trung t?n: 0 dBm.
- B\ sca l_i tr,:c FEC: Thi1t b$ viba SDH bZt bu\c ph&i c b\ sca l_i tr,:c
FEC, FEC #,-c th0c hiCn nh<m nng cao tg sD C/N.
FEC: Sc dJng 2 lo/i m sca l_i l m khDi v m xoZn.
FEC cmng c th^ sc dJng k6 thu9t chn bit parity cK #i^n n1u #\ r\ng bLng
t?n cho php.
B3.1.2 Ch7 tiu k9 thu(t ph2n pht
- Cng su]t pht: 29 3 dBm (t/i #?u vo b\ lAc rf nhnh)
- TrM khng ra cao t?n: 50 W
- @\ Kn #$nh t?n sD: +/- 3ppm.
- T0 #\ng #iEu chXnh cng su]t pht (ATPC):
+ Thi1t b$ viba SDH ph&i c b\ t0 #\ng #iEu chXnh cng su]t pht;
+ ATPC lm gi&m nhiHu gida cc hC thDng chuy^n ti1p v tuy1n, dFn #1n
kh& nLng tLng sD #?u my t/i 1 tr/m;
+ ATPC lm tLng #\ tuy1n tnh ho[c tLng gi&i ho/t #\ng c4a thi1t b$ v
tuy1n #iEu ch1 nhiEu m>c;
+ V:i ATPC ta c th^ sc dJng anten v:i #,bng knh nhe h.n (v ATPC c
th^ tLng n1u c?n);
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

47
+ ATPC #&m b&o viCc thay #Ki cng su]t pht trong kho&ng 10 dBm.
B3.1.3 Ch7 tiu k9 thu(t ph2n thu
- Ng,Ing thu:
+ Ch1 #\ chu)n: -70 dBm (v:i BER = 10
-3
); -68,5 dBm (v:i BER = 10
-6
)
+ Ch1 #\ tu` chAn: -75 dBm (v:i BER = 10
-3
); -73,5 dBm (v:i BER = 10
-6
)
Thi1t b$ viba SDH ph&i c b\ ATDE, b\ cn b<ng vng thbi gian thch >ng.
ATDE #&m b&o ch]t l,-ng truyEn dFn cao trong #iEu kiCn #\ng, chjng h/n nh,
cc nhiHu inter-symbol gy ra bMi fading nhiEu tia nhanh.
Kh& nLng c4a b\ ATDE #[c tr,ng bMi #\ d0 phng fading tn x/ (DFM,dB)
DFM ph&i #&m b&o > 45 dB.
- Thi1t b$ viba SDH ph&i c b\ AFDE. AFDE c nhiCm vJ Kn #$nh #[c tuy1n
bin #\ t?n sD (trong bLng thng t?n sD radio) khi c fading l0a chAn t?n sD. HC sD
#\ dDc c4a #[c tuy1n (xc #$nh bMi AFDE) #,-c dng #^ d0 bo s:m fading, qua
# kch ho/t chuy^n m/ch phn t9p.
B3.2 ChG tiu k; thu0t thi4t b+ v tuy4n SDH tFc =D 622 Mbit/s
Thi1t b$ v tuy1n SDH tDc #\ 622 Mbit/s th0c ch]t l thi1t b$ SDH tDc #\
4x 155 Mbit/s.
B3.2.1 Cc tiu chuYn chung
- TLng ch c4a hC thDng v:i BER = 10
-3
:
+ Ch1 #\ chu)n: 100 dB
+ Ch1 #\ tu` chAn: 105 dB
- HC thDng b&o vC: (n+l) v (n+m) (chi ti1t 3.3.4.1)
- Suy hao rf nhnh: k 3 dBm.
- Ph,.ng th>c #iEu ch1: #iEu ch1 trung t?n.
- T?n sD trung t?n: 122,5 v 157,5 MHz cho hC thDng sng mang kp.
- M>c vo ra trung t?n: 0dBm.
- B\ sca l_i tr,:c FEC: Thi1t b$ viba SDH bZt bu\c ph&i c b\ FEC.
B3.2.2 Ch7 tiu k9 thu(t ph2n pht
- Cng su]t pht: 29 3 dBm (t/i #?u vo b\ lAc rf nhnh)
- TrM khng ra cao t?n: 50 W
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

48
- @\ Kn #$nh t?n sD: +/- 3ppm.
- T0 #\ng #iEu chXnh cng su]t pht (ATPC)
Thi1t b$ viba SDH ph&i c b\ t0 #\ng #iEu chXnh cng su]t pht.
ATPC #&m b&o viCc thay #Ki cng su]t trong kho&ng 10 dBm.
B3.2.3 Ch7 tiu k9 thu(t ph2n thu
- Ng,Ing thu:
70 dBm (BER = 10
-3
) -68,5 dBm (BER = 10
-6
) (khng dng tiEn
khu1ch #/i RF)
75 dBm (BER = 10
-3
) -73,5 dBm (BER = 10
-6
)
- ATDE: Thi1t b$ viba SDH ph&i c b\ ATDE.
- AFDE: Thi1t b$ viba SDH ph&i c b\ AFDE.
Thi1t b$ vi ba 4x 155 Mbit/s trn m\t sng mang RF bZt bu\c ph&i c b\ XPIC.

Hnh B3.1: S@ ;? kh5i cBa h4 th5ng CCDP sV dUng XPIC
Tn hiCu #,-c truyEn qua nhdng #,bng G
hh
(f) v:i phn c0c ngang v G
ff
(f)
v:i phn c0c #>ng. Giao thoa phn c0c cho (XPI) xu]t hiCn qua G
hv
(f) v G
vh
(f)
sau khi gi&i #iEu ch1 k1t h-p, b\ XPLC (bao gWm 1 b\ cn b<ng [EQL] v m\t b\
cn b<ng phn c0c cho [XPE]) sf b XPI.
B3.3 Yu cWu k; thu0t cho viba SDH tuy4n ng7n
B3.3.1 Cc yu c2u c@ b>n ;,Tc ;,a ra tAi mUc 3.3
B3.3.2 Cc yu c2u khc: @iEu ch1 4PSK, 16QAM
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

49
Cng su]t pht: @Di v:i t?n sD 18 GHz l 11, 20 v 25 dBm
23 GHz l 11 v 20 dBm
T?n sD trung t?n: 140 MHz.
M>c thu: (BER= 10
-3
Khng c tiEn khu1ch #/i: -70 dBm
C tiEn khu1ch #/i: -75 dBm
TLng ch hC thDng v:i P
s
= 18 dBm
C tiEn khu1ch #/i: 93 dBm
Khng c tiEn khu1ch #/i: 88 dBm
@iCn p lm viCc: 19 72 VDC.
B>ng B3.1: THng ch anten
T3n s* cng tc 0,4 m 0,6 m 1,2 m
8 GHz 35,5 dBm 38,2 dBm 44,3 dBm
23 GHz 6,5 dBm 40,0 dBm 46,0 dBm
B3.4 C?nh bo b?o d3Ang
Cc tham sD sau ph&i #,-c chX th$ trong thi1t b$ viba SDH.
B3.4.1 TrAng thi pht
M>c cng su]t pht, kho&ng cng su]t c th^ #,-c #iEu khi^n. N c hai gi
tr$ l trong kho&ng cho php v ngoi kho&ng cho php.
C&nh bo tr/ng thi pht bao gWm cc l_i ph?n c>ng chnh nh, dao #\ng n\i,
#Ki t?n trn.
B3.4.2 TrAng thi thu
ChX th$ khi tn hiCu thu gi&m d,:i gi tr$ thi1t k1.
B3.4.3 LPi ;i=u ch-
ChX th$ cc l_i chnh c4a khDi #iEu ch1 nh, scrambler, m>c #iEu ch1, m]t sD
liCu #?u vo b\ #iEu ch1.
B3.4.4 LPi gi>i ;i=u ch-
ChX th$ cc l_i chnh c4a khDi gi&i #iEu ch1 nh, descrambler, tch sng l_i,
m]t sD liCu #?u ra b\ gi&i #iEu ch1.


TCN 68 - 177: 1998

50
B3.4.5 TrAng thi chuyOn mAch b>o v4 RPS
ChX th$ cc heng hc chnh c4a ph?n c>ng chuy^n m/ch b&o vC, v dJ nh, xc
l tr/ng thi.
B3.5 An ten, Fi =B
B3.5.1 Anten
Phn lo/i anten d0a trn t?n sD v ki^u phn c0c #,-c chX ra trong b&ng B3.2.
B>ng B3.2: Cc loAi anten
L/ t0ng ch, dBi T3n s*, GHz L(Gng
knh, m
GiNa
b0ng
LJnh
b0ng
L/ r/ng
bp
sng, ./
L/ tch
bi;t phn
cOc, dB
TP s*
F/B,
dB
H; s*
VSWR
3,6 4,2
Phn cFc (+n


Phn cFc kp

1,8
2,4
3,0
3,0

34,5
36,7
38,7
38,7

35,0
37,3
39,3
39,3

3,0
2,4
1,8
1,8

30
30
30
30

40
42
47
45

1,07
1,05
1,05
1,06
3,6 4,2
Phn cFc (+n



Phn cFc kp

1,2
1,8
2,4
3,0
1,8
2,4
3,0

32,4
36,0
38,7
40,4
35,9
38,6
40,3

33,0
36,6
39,3
41,0
36,4
39,2
40,9

3,7
2,5
1,8
1,5
2,5
1,8
1,5

30
30
30
30
30
30
30

40
44
45
49
43
45
50

1,08
1,05
1,05
1,05
1,06
1,06
1,06
5,9 6,4
Phn cFc (+n


Phn cFc kp

1,8
2,4
3,0
2,4
3,0

38,4
41,1
42,9
38,4
40,9
42,7

38,9
41,5
43,3
38,7
41,3
43,1

1,8
1,4
1,1
1,8
1,4
1,1

30
30
30
30
30
30

46
48
51
46
48
49

1,06
1,04
1,04
1,07
1,06
1,06
6,4 7,1
Phn cFc (+n


Phn cFc kp

1,8
2,4
3,0
2,4
3,0

39,3
41,9
43,6
41,6
43,6

39,8
42,3
43,9
42,0
44,0

1,7
1,3
1,0
1,3
1,0

30
30
30
34
34

47
49
52
52
58

1,06
1,04
1,04
1,06
1,06
12,75 13,25
Phn cFc kp

1,8
2,4
3,0

45,0
47,5
48,7

45,1
47,6
48,8

0,9
0,7
0,6

25
30
30

53
54
57

1,10
1,10
1,10
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

51
B3.5.2 Zng dMn sng
C cc lo/i Dng dFn sng elip Heliax, Dng dFn sng chd nh9t, trn. @Di v:i vi
ba SDH th Dng dFn sng lo/i elip l thch h-p.
B>ng B3.3: M t> chi ti-t c@ b>n loAi 5ng dMn sng elip
Suy hao, dB/100m T3n s*, GHz Lo=i *ng d@n
sng
T3n s*, GHz Suy hao, dB
H; s* VSWS
3,6 4,2

EW 34 3,6
3,8
4,0
4,2
2,27
2,19
2,13
2,09
1,15
4,5 4,9

EW 44 4,5
4,7
4,9
4,32
4,00
3,78
1,15
5,9 6,4

EW 52 5,9
6,0
6,1
6,2
6,3
6,4
3,98
3,93
3,90
3,86
3,83
3,80
1,15
6,4 7,2

EW 63 6,4
6,7
7,0
7,125
4,58
4,47
4,37
4,33
1,15
12,75 13,25

EW 127A 12,5
12,7
12,9
13,0
13,25
11,74
11,64
11,54
11,49
11,38
1,15
B3.5.3 B< nn kh kh
- Cc hC thDng anten v Dng dFn sng c p su]t ch$u t&i kho&ng 70 kPa.
- Ta nn dng b\ nn kh kh c p su]t th 21 55 kPa .
- Cc b\ Dehydrator nn c cc tnh nLng k6 thu9t sau:
+ Nhe gAn
+ @\ Kn nhe
+ DH dng lZp #[t
+ C th^ thay #Ki ch1 #\ theo ch,.ng trnh
+ T0 #\ng b.m v dhng b.m
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

52
+ Sc dJng lo/i m t. ch/y #iCn DC 48V
B3.6 NguTn cung cUp cho viba SDH
B3.6.1 i4n p ;2u vo
- @iCn p danh #$nh : U = 48 VDC
- D&i ho/t #\ng : 20 70 VDC
B3.7.2 Fc tnh hoAt ;<ng
- Thi1t b$ ho/t #\ng v:i nguWn -48VDC (d,.ng nguWn #]u #]t)
- Cng su]t nguWn l:n h.n 150% cng su]t tiu thJ c4a my.
- C ch1 #\ b&o vC qu p #?u vo.
- C ch1 #\ b>o vC qu dng #?u ra.
- C ch1 #\ b&o vC c0c tnh #?u vo.
- C ch1 #\ d0 phng 1 + 1 .
B3.7.3 Cc c>nh bo
- C&nh bo m]t nguWn #?u vo.
- C&nh bo heng nguWn.
- C&nh bo #iCn p vo - ra ngoi d&i ho/t #\ng cho php.
- Cc php #o thc.
B3.8 *iCu ki>n mi tr3Xng
Cc #iEu kiCn mi tr,bng tun theo Tiu chu)n Ngnh TCN 68-149: 1995.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

53
PHP LPC B4
(Tham kh&o)
Ph3Bng thHc sJ d(ng cc byte SOH v RFCOH
B.4.1 SJ d(ng byte SOH
3 byte #?u tin RF
1
, RF
2
, RF
3
c th^ sc dJng nh, sau:
* Byte RF
1
: bao gWm 8 bit (hnh B4.1).
Bit (8 kbit/s) dng cho #iEu khi^n cng su]t pht t0 #\ng (ATPC)

Hnh B4.1: B5 tr cc bit trong byte RF
1

4 bit FFK dng #^ nh9n d/ng thng ch[ng trong tuy1n, nhdng bit ny #&m b&o
cho b\ gi&i #iEu ch1 lm viCc #ng v:i tn hiCu pht #i th b\ #iEu ch1.
Bit MS
1
v DM sc dJng nh, trong hnh.
* byte RF2: bao gWm 8 bit (hnh B4.2).

Hnh B4.2: B5 tr cc bit trong byte RF
2

Byte RF
2
dng cho viCc xc l l_i. N\i dung nh$ phn c4a cc bit ph?n cc bit
LF
1
b<ng tKng sD bit ch,a #,-c sca l_i do b\ sca l_i tr,:c FEC pht hiCn. Bit PAR
dng #^ b&o vC 7 bit sau n khng b$ l_i trong qu trnh truyEn dFn.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

54

Hnh B4.3: B5 tr cc bit trong byte RF
3

* Cc byte X v Z trong ph?n RSOH c th^ dng cho tho/i nghiCp vJ.
* 24 byte Y trong MSOH cng v:i cc byte th D4 - D12 c th^ dng #^
truyEn m\t luWng 2048 kbit/s.
B.4.2 SV dUng byte RFCOH
RFCOH c th^ truyEn cc ch>c nLng sau:
- @iEu khi^n ATPC;
- @iEu khi^n chuy^n m/ch b&o vC cho v tuy1n (cho thng ch[ng);
- TruyEn n x 2 Mbit/s (@y l cc luWng 2 Mbit/s #\c l9p v:i STM1);
- TruyEn cc tn hiCu l_i v sca l_i FEC;
- TruyEn #\ chAn l0a sD liCu;
- TruyEn cc knh sD liCu 64 kbit/s bK tr-;
- TruyEn cc ch>c nLng b&o d,Ing phJ tr-;
- TruyEn cc knh tho/i sD liCu b&o d,Ing nh]t thbi.
- TDc #\ RFCOH khng v,-t qu 4% tDc #\ STM-1.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

55
Tl LIU THAM KHYO
1 Recommendation ITU-T G.702
Digital hierarchy bit rates
2 Recommendation ITU-T G.703
Physical/electrica; characteristics of hierarchical digital interface
3
Recommendation ITU-T G.707
Network-node interfaces for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
4
Recommendation ITU-T G.783
Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) mutiplexing
equipment functional blocks
5
Recommendation ITU-T G.784
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) management
6
Recommendation ITU-T G.811
Timing requirements at the outputs of primary referency clocks suitable for
plesiochronous operation of international digital links
7
Recommendation ITU-T G.812
Timing requirements at the outputs of slave clocks suitable for
plesiochronous operation of international digital links
8
Recommendation ITU-T G.81s
Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
9
Recommendation ITU-T G.957
Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
10
Recommendation ITU-T G.958
Digital line systems based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) for
use on fibre-optic cables.
11
Recommendation ITU-T G.823
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks that are based on
the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy.
12
Recommendation ITU-T G.825
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks that are based on
the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
13
Recommendation ITU-T G.826
Error-performance parameters and objectives for international, constant
bit-rate digital paths at or above the primary rate.
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

56
14
Recommendation ITU-T M.30
Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network (TMN).
15
Recommendation ITU-T G.SCS
Optical Interface for Single-channel Systems with Optical Amplifiers
16
Recommendation ITU-T G.MCS
Optical Interface for Multi-channel Systems with Optical Amplifiers
17
Digital Network Synchronization
Hewlett Packard - 1996
18
Cc khuy-n ngh" v= phn b5 knh t2n s5

Khuy1n ngh$ R382-6
R383-5 R384-5 R385-5 R386-4
BLng t?n 4GHz L 6GHz U 6GHz 7GHz L 8GHz
Khuy1n ngh$ R387-6 R397-4 R363-2 R595-3 R637-1
BLng t?n 11GHz 13GHz 15GHz 18GHz 23GHz

19
R750 Architecture and functional aspects of radio relay systems for SDH-
Base Network
20
R751Transmission characteristics and performance requirement of radio
relay systems for SDH-Base Network
21
R556-1 Hypothetical refrence digital path system which may form part of
an integrated services digital network with a capacity above the hierachical
level.
22
R594-3 Allowable bit error ratios at the output of the HRDP for radio-relay
systems which may form path of an ISDN.
23
R634-2 Error performance objective for real radio-relay links forming part
of a high-grade circuit within an ISDN network.
24
R557-3 Availability objectives for radio-relay system over a Hypothetical
refrence circuit and a Hypothetical refrence digital path.
25
R695 Availability objectives for real radio-relay links forming part of a
high-grade circuit within an ISDN.
26
Telecommunication Reports, Radio relay. 1994. Bosch Telecom.
27
Digital Microwave Link Engineering Technical Paper Collection, 1995.
Harris Farinon.
28
DM6G-SDH System. Fujitsu. 1995
TCN 68 - 177: 1998

57
29
MegaStar
TM
SDH Microwave Radio. Harris Farinon. 1996
30
2000 Series SDH Digital Microwave Radio System. NEC. 1995
31
DPS 155 Series. BOSCH Telecom. 1995
32
Alcatel 9600 Series. 1995
33
Tiu chuYn h4 th5ng thng tin cp sTi quang TCN 68-139: 1995