Tm hiu IC 89C2051 v mch np chng trnh cho IC 89C2051

I: Khi qut v IC 89C2051:

1. Gi i thiu chung: Nu bn khng mun dng con chp 89C2051-40 chn v a to li va t tin th bn c th dng con chp 89C2051-20 chn va nh gn va tit kim tin bc m vn y cc tnh nng nh chp 89C51. Chp 89C2051 rt nh gn nn n c s dng rt nhiu trong cc ng dng nh. N u bn mun va hc VI S L ng thi cng mun khm ph n qua cc ng dng c th, qua cc d n thc t pht trin 89C2051, 89C4051vi ngn ng lp trnh Assembly th mch np 89C2051 chnh l cu tr li. 2. Mt s c tnh: y l mt vi iu khin ca hng atmel, y cc tnh nng nh chip 89C51. Chip ny ch c 20 chn. 15 ng xut nhp in p lm vic : 2,7 V 6V. (Thng dng mc 5V). T n s lm vic: Tn s dao ng thch anh t 0 ti 24M hz. ROM : 2Kbyte Flash ROM . RAM : 128 bytes. Hai b nh th 16-bit. Lp trnh tun t bng knh UART. _ C 6 ngun ngt . _ C 2 mc kha b nh chng trnh. C cng ni tip. Hai b so snh Analog tch hp sn trn chip. _ Trc tip tip iu khin LED ng ra.

II. Cu h nh: 1.S khi :

2. S chn :

- PORT 1: T chn 12 19: Xut nhp d liu, t P1.2 P1.7 c dng ko ln bn trong. P1.0 v P1.1 tng ng tch cc mc logic cao v thp cho hai u vo AIN0 v AIN1 tng ng ca b s o snh chnh xc trn chp. Port 1, b khhuych i m u ra c th h xung 20mA v c th iu khin LED hin th trc tip. Ch cn 1s chuyn nhng chn ca Port 1 s dng nh nhng u vo. Khi chn P1.2 P1.7 c s dng nh nhng u vo, chng s l nhng ngun dng I v c ko ln bn trong. Port1cng nhn c m d liu t chng trnh FLASH v thc hin. - PORT 3: Chn s 2, 3 , 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, nhng chn ny c in t r ko ln. P3.6 c ni c nh gia ng xut nhp trn b so snh ca chip v khng th truy cp . Ch cn 1s chuyn nhng chn ca Port 3 ln mc cao bi s ko ln bn trong v c th s dng nh nhng u vo, chng s l nhng ngun dng I v c ko ln bn trong Port 3 cng phc v cho cc chc nng ca nhiu tnh nng c bit ca 89C2051 nh sau:

Port 3 cng nhn c tn hiu iu khin t Flash v thc hin. - Vcc : Chn s 20: in p vo khong 2,7V - GND : Chn s 10: chn ni mass. 6V( thng dng mc 5V)

- RST : Xc lp li trng thi ban u . RST=0: Chp hot ng bnh thng. RST=1: Chp c thit lp li trng thi ban u. - XTAL1: Ng vo mch to xung clock trong chip v ng vo b khuch i o chiu. - XTAL2: Ng ra t b khuch i o chiu. XYAL1, XTAL2 l ng vo v ng ra t ng ng ca b khuych i o chiu, n c th nh hnh v c s dng nh mt b giao ng trn chp (hinh 1). Tinh th thch anh hay cng hng gm c s dng. Hoc l nhn xung t bn ngoi(hnh 2)

Hnh 1: B giao ng kt ni. *NOTE: th ch anh: C1, C2 = 30pF 10pF Cng hng gm: C1, C2 = 40pF 10pF

Hnh 2: Nhn xung clock. 3. Thanh ghi c ch c nng c bit : Bn trong s ca chip c mt vng nh c bit c gi l thanh ghi c chc nng c bit. Cc vng a ch ca thanh ghi c a vo bng di y . Lu rng: khng phi tt c cc a ch c s dng, v cc a ch trng c th khng c thc hin trn chp. a ch c s truy xut tr v d liu ngu nhin, v a ch ghi s truy xut v ch khng c hiu lc xc nh.

Bng AT89C2051 SFR v thi t lp gi tr :

. 4. B nh chng trnh kha bit: Trn chp c hai b kha bit c th hot ng khng cn lp trnh (U), hoc c th lp trnh (P) b sung thm nhiu tnh nng c lit k trong bng di y .

Lu : Nh ng mu bit Kha ch c xa b hon ton bi Chp Xa.

5. Ch ngh : ch ngh, CPU c t ch ng trong khi tt c b phn ngoi vi vn hot ng. Ch ny c gi ra bi phn mm. Ni dung ca cc thanh ghi trong RA M v t t c cc gi tr trong thanh ghi c bit cng s khng i ch ny. Ch ngh c th b dng li bt k khi no c s kch hot hay thay i no , hoc c reset bng phn cng. Cc P1.0 v P1.1 nn c thit lp mc "L" nu bn ngoi-up khng c s dng, hoc thit lp mc "H" nu bn ngoi pull-up c s dng. Cn lu rng khi ngh l kt thc bng mt phn cng. T i liu thc hin chng trnh t u n li tt, ln t i hai chu k my trc khi cc nguy n t c iu khin bn trong thit lp li. Trn chp phn cng quy t nh quy n truy cp vo b nh trong RAM trong trng hp ny, nhng truy cp vo cc port khng th quyt nh c. loi tr kh nng ny xy ra mt cch bt ng vit cho mt port khi ch ngh c lp li, ta khng nn vit ti mt Port hay b nh ngoi 6. Ch power-down : ch power-down, b dao ng ngng, v chng trnh s gi power-down v lnh cui cng c thc hin. Trn chp ni dung RAM v t t c cc gi tr trong thanh ghi c bit cng s khng i ch ny cho n khi ch ny kt thc. Ch powerdown ch thot ra khi reset li phn cng. Thit lp li gi tr cc SFR ( thanh ghi c chc nng c bit) nhng trn RAM vn gi nguy n. Ch : Khng nn reset li trc khi VCC c phc hi li hot ng bnh thng v phi c gi mc tch cc di, cho php b giao ng khi ng li v lm vic n nh. Lu : c hai ch ngh v ch power-donw, P1.0 v P1.1 nn set mc "0" nu khng s dng in tr bn ngoi ko l n, hoc set mc "1" nu s dng in tr bn ngoi ko ln. 7. Lp trnh Flash : Chp 89C2051 l mt loi vi iu khin vi 2K bytes b nh PEROM c th xa hon ton ( v d, ni dung = FFH) v c th lp trnh li. Cc m lp trnh b nh l mt mng byte t i mt thi im. Sau khi cc mng c lp trnh, m bo bt k chng trnh no khng trng byte, ton b mng nh cn phi c xo hon ton bng in. a) a ch b m bn trong: Vi iu khin 89C2051 c mt a ch truy cp ( bn trong PEROM ) a ch m lun lun dt gi tr 000H trn mc cao ca RST v p dng mc tch cc ca xung dng t chn XTAL1. b) Thut ton: lp trnh cho chip 89C2051, sau y l cc chui c khuyn co nn s dng:

1: Chui Power-up : p dng ngun in gia chn VCC v GND t RST v XTAL1 GND 2: t chn RST ln mc cao (mc 1) t chn P3.2 ln mc cao (mc 1) 3: p dng kt hp gi 2 mc logic H hoc L ; (1 hoc 0) t i cho cc chn P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 la chn mt trong nhng chng trnh hot ng hin th trong PEROM bng ch lp trnh di y. 4: p dng cho d liu m byte t v tr 000H n P1.0 n P1.7. 5: Cho RST ln 12V kch hot chng trnh. 6: Xung t chn P3.2 ti chng trnh mt byte trong PEROM hoc bit kha. Cc byteghi l chu k t hn gi v thng mt trong 1,2 ms. 7: kim tra d liu c lp trnh, thp hn RST t 12V, ta mc logic "1" v set chn P3.3 n P3.7 gi mc thch hp. D liu ra c th c Port 1. 8: lp trnh mt byte v tr k tip, xung kch t chn XTAL1 c kch mt ln nng cao s b nh a ch bn trong. D liu mi c a vo Port 1. 9: Lp li cc bc 6 thng qua bc 8, thay i d liu v nng cao a ch truy cp cho ton b 2K bytes mng hoc cho n khi kt thc i ca tp tin l c. 10: Chui Power-off: XTAL1v RST set mc "L". Kim tra d liu: chip AT89C2051 s kim tra tun t d liu v cho bit thi im kt thc ca mt chu k vit. Trong thi gian mt chu k my, n s c c t i byte c ghi cui cng v s b sung cc byte d liu trn P1.7. Sau khi chy xong 1 chu k my, thy d liu hp l tt c cc port, n s bt u chy chu k k tip. Vic kim tra c th bt u bt c lc no khi chu k k tip c tin hnh READY / BUS Y (s n sng/bn): Byte tin trnh ca chng trnh cng c th c theo di bi tn hiu u ra READY/BUSY. Chn P3.1 mc thp sau khi chn P3.2 mc cao trong thi gian chng trnh thc hin bo BUSY (bn). chn P3.1 s tr li mc cao khi chng trnh thc hin bo READY ( sn s ng ). Chng trnh ki m tra : Nu bit kha LB1 v LB2 cha c lp trnh m d liu th c th c li d liu thng qua cc ng dy kim tra: 1: Thit lp li a ch truy cp bn trong l 000H v chn RST t mc L ln mc H. 2: p dng vic kim tra cc tn hiu iu khin cho php c m d liu v c cc d liu xut ra t Port1. 3: Xung kch t chn XTAL1 c kch 1 ln nng cao s b nh a ch bn trong. 4: c tip d liu m byte tip theo t i ng ra Port 1. 5: Lp li cc bc 3 v 4 cho n khi c ht ton b mng. Bit kha khng th kim tra trc tip , m xc nht ca bit kha xc nh c bng cch quan st nhng tnh nng ca chng.. Chip xa : ton b mng PEROM (2KB) v 2 b Look Bit cn c xa hon ton bng tn hiu in bng cch kt hp chnh xc tn hiu iu khin v bng cch gi tn hiu chn P3.1 mc thp trong 10ms. M mng phi vit tt c mc H trong lc chip xa

lm vic, v phi thc hin trc khi bt k byte trng no trong b nh c lp trnh li. c k hiu byte: K hiu byte c c bnh thng v kim tra a ch 000H, 001H, v 002H, ngoi tr P3.5 v P3.7 phi c t mc logic thp. Cc kt qu nh sau: (000H) = 1EH ch sn xut bi Atmel (001H) = 21H cho bit 89C2051 8. Giao di n lp trnh: M i m byte trong mng Flash c ghi v ton b mng c th xa b bng cch s dng kt hp thch hp ca cc tn hiu iu khin. Ghi chu k hot ng l t hn gi v sau mi ln trin khai s t ng iu chnh ph hp thi gian hon thnh. 9. Ch lp trnh flash :

Lu rng: - a ch Ram ni PEROM c thit lp vi gi tr 000H trn mc cnh tch cc ca RST, v c nng cao do mc tch cc ca xung ti XTAL1. - Chip xa i hi phi c 10ms xung chng trnh. - P3.1 phi mc thp trong thi gian lp trnh cho bit l READY / BUSY.(sn sng/bn)

10. c tnh l m vi c DC : T = - 40oC 80oC, Vcc = 2,7V 6V.

Ghi ch: - iu kin trng thi n nh l I phi gii hn ngoi nhng hn ch sau : I max = 20mA. T ng dng cc i ca I v cc chn ng ra l 80mA. Nu I vt qu iu kin cho php, V c th vt qua cc tiu chun k thut lin quan ca chp. Cc chn chp khng c m bo khi dng ln hn iu kin cho php. - Vcc nh nht ca ch power-down l 2V.

Mch np IC 89C2051 A) Phn cng:

1: S ca mch np IC 89C2051.

Trn s bn h y l u hai im sau: - K hiu IC ghi 89C2051 Writer.hex 2021 byte gi l chp chnh( Chp master ). - K hiu IC ghi 20-PIN ZIF Socket 89C2051/4051: y l ci Socket hay l ci chn cm IC, gi l con chip ph( Chp Slave ). - y l hnh dng tht ca Socket 20 chn:

Hy nh rng: trc khi np cho IC, bn phi np file Writer.hex cho con ChpMaster : C hai file Writer.hex sau: Cc bn c th ti v theo a ch sau:

Write1.hex: http://www.mediafire.com/?mufemhmxwku Write.hex: http://www.mediafire.com/?qmdetynunj5

2: Bo mch in ca mch np IC 89C2051: Di y ti xin gi i thiu bo mch qua cng COM. Cc bn cng co th t thit k cho mnh nh ng bo mch khc. - Hnh nh hng dn lp rp linh kin ln bo mch:

- Bo mch in ca mch np:

- Hnh nh ca mch np hon chnh:

Hy nh rng: MAX 232 16 chn c th c thay th bng 2 con transistor, hoc bng con chp DS 257 8 chn ht sc n gin nh sau: S thay th nh sau: -Cch dng hai transistor:

- Cch dng chp DS257:

B) Ph n mm 1: Cc ph n mm phi n dch .AS M sang .HEX a) Gi i thiu: Nh chng ta bit, mun np c ni dung chng trnh m chng ta lp trnh vo trong con vi s l n hot ng th chng ta phi np vo cho n cc file c dng l file .HEX hoc l file .BIN . Nhng a s ngi ta thng s dng file .HEX Do vy, ti xin gii thiu vi cc bn cc phn mm thng dng chuyn file .AS M sang file .HEX b) Phn mm AS M51: - Cc file cn c trong b ASM51: ASM 51.EXE The Cross Assembler program itself M OD152 Source file for the $M OD152 control M OD154 Source file for the $M OD154 control M OD252 Source file for the $M OD252 control M OD44 Source file for the $M OD44 control M OD451 Source file for the $M OD451 control M OD452 Source file for the $M OD452 control M OD51 Source file for the $M OD51 control M OD512 Source file for the $M OD512 control M OD515 Source file for the $M OD515 control M OD517 Source file for the $M OD517 control M OD52 Source file for the $M OD52 control M OD521 Source file for the $M OD521 control M OD552 Source file for the $M OD552 control M OD652 Source file for the $M OD652 control M OD751 Source file for the $M OD751 control M OD752 Source file for the $M OD752 control MOD851 Source file for the $MOD851 control - Cch s dng: Sau khi lp trnh xong (bng Notepad hay NC-Edit ) bn hy lu n li vi t n l ***.ASM (*** l tn m bn t). Gi s l: vidu.asm v file ny bn lu trong C. ng thi ti cng gi s rng bn cng b ASM 51 ny trong C, th khi chng ta c nh sau: C:\ vidu.asm ASM 51.EXE The Cross Assembler program itself M OD152 Source file for the $M OD152 control M OD154 Source file for the $M OD154 control M OD252 Source file for the $M OD252 control M OD44 Source file for the $M OD44 control M OD451 Source file for the $M OD451 control M OD452 Source file for the $M OD452 control M OD51 Source file for the $M OD51 control M OD512 Source file for the $M OD512 control M OD515 Source file for the $M OD515 control

M OD517 Source file for the $M OD517 control M OD52 Source file for the $M OD52 control M OD521 Source file for the $M OD521 control M OD552 Source file for the $M OD552 control M OD652 Source file for the $M OD652 control M OD751 Source file for the $M OD751 control M OD752 Source file for the $M OD752 control MOD851 Source file for the $MOD851 control Sau bn hy m ca s MS -DOS ra v g lnh nh sau th bn c mt file c t n l : vidu.HEX: Dng lnh nh sau: C:\asm51 vidu.asm hoc C:\asm51 vidu *** bn c th vo trang www.visuly.cjp.net download phn mm n y v my ca mnh*** c) Phn mm TAS M: - Ni dung cc file c trong b ATSM: B TASM cha trong mt file c t n l TASM INST c ngha l TASM ISTAL (t p tin ci t), bn click chut ln t p tin ny th n s t ng gii nn v ci t lun, dung lng ca tp tin ny la 126Kb, cc bn c th ti min ph trn trang: www.visuly.cjp.net - Cch s dng: Bn hy thot khi mi trng Window ra mi trng DOS bng cch t mi trng Window bn click chut vo Start menu chn mc Program chn M S-DOS prompt.

Sau b hy thay i li ng dn, cng th mc n ni cha file TASM bt u bin dch bng cch s dng dng lnh sau: Tasm-51 *asm *hex Ti gi s bn file phn mm TASM v file vidu.asm t i C, th khi ban hy g ng dng lnh sau: C:\ tasm-51 vidu.asm vidu.hex

Vy l bn t o c file vidu.hex rui . Hy l u rng: Bn cng c th to ra tp tin kim tra li lp trnh trc khi to ra tp tin np cho con vi s l bng cch l bn to ra file co ui l .Lst. T p tin ny s kim tra li c php lnh trong trng trnh ca bn. N s ch ra nhng li sai cho bn kp thi sa cha khi bn hy g cu lnh sau: tasm-51 *asm *obj Kt qu s c hai tp tin: *.Obj v *.Lst Cng vi gi s nh trn ta s g nh sau: C:\ tasm-51 vidu.asm vidu.obj Sau bn s c hai tp tin: vidu.Obj v vidu.Lst. Bn hy m file vidu.Lst ny bng Notepad hay Word xem kt qu kim tra.

2: Phn mm np cho IC89C2051. a) Ph n mm EZ4.0 (qua cng COM) : y l phn mm mi nht v hon ton min ph chy trn nn Windows rt p v d dng s dng.

+ Giao di n ca n nh sau:

Option 1 Option 2 Command 1 Command 3

+ Cch s dng: - Option 1: Khi bn chn nt ny th con chp ca bn n s kha li, sau ny bn s khng th no np li c na, do rt t ai chn nt ny. Theo ti th khng chn l t t hn, c th np nhu hn.. - Option 2: Khi bn chn nt ny l vic kim tra sau khi np xong s sy ra rt nhanh. Bn c chn hay khng chng nh hng g c. - Command 1: Chc nng ca command ny l np chng trnh file.hex vo cho vi s l. Bn hy nhn vo command ny ch n ni cha file.hex cn np tin hnh qu trnh np. *** Lu l khi bn chn command ny th iu u tin n s xa ni dung c trn con vi s l, dn ng chun b np ni dung mi vo. Cng vic ny n s lm t ng hon ton. -Command 2: Chc nng ny s c ngc ni dung c trong con vi s l ca bn ra ngoi di dng file.hex. ****HY NH RNG: Phn mm ny dng chung c cho c hai mch np 89C51 v 89C2051. Vi c nhn dng s c n l m t ng hon ton****

b) Phn mm WinATP (qua cng my in): M ch ny s dng phn WinATProg chy trn mi trng Windows. Giao din nh sau:

Bn c th chn c loi chp np trong mc Prozessor. *89C1051* - *89C2051* - *89C4051*

Bn cng c th chn li ngn ng hin th trn giao din l ting anh.